Profiling machining method, profiling electrode machining method and equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of mechanical precision machining, and provides a profiling machining method and a profiling electrode machining method and equipment. A first substance and a second substance with different melting points are completely liquefied and / or gasified or partially liquefied and / or gasified to submerge part or all of a machined part; and the first substance with the high melting point forms a curing layer on the machined part through temperature regulation and control, and then the curing layer is driven by temperature regulation and control or external force to generate scraping movement relative to the machined part. Precise scraping and grinding machining of a complex groove cavity hole in the machined part is achieved, meanwhile, the height of a curing layer can be adjusted at any time after a certain height is machined, accumulative scraping and grinding machining actions of different height parts of the machined part are finally achieved, and the problem of precise machining of a complex cavity in the machined part is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of precision machining, specifically to a contour machining method, a contour electrode machining method, and equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In aerospace, energy, and high-end equipment industries, blade-type components (such as turbine blades for aero-engines, turbine blades for gas turbines, and stationary blades for steam turbines) are core functional parts. Their internal structures typically feature multi-level complex cavities (such as serpentine cooling channels and irregularly shaped flow guides) and precision hole systems (such as aerodynamic atomizing holes and pressure balancing holes). These internal structures are crucial for achieving lightweight components, efficient heat dissipation, and optimized aerodynamic performance. However, the machining of these complex internal cavities and hole systems has long faced challenges such as difficulty in guaranteeing precision and insufficient accessibility.

[0003] Traditional machining methods face numerous technical bottlenecks: For deep cavities and narrow slots (depth > 50 mm, width < 3 mm) and complex curved intersecting holes (such as the oblique holes at the blade root and leading edge), end mills, boring tools, and other cutting tools suffer from insufficient rigidity due to their excessively large length-to-diameter ratios, leading to tool deflection during machining. Dimensional accuracy errors can reach ±0.1 mm or more, and surface roughness can only reach Ra 3.2 μm, failing to meet the Ra 0.8 μm requirement for aerospace-grade parts. Simultaneously, the risk of interference between the tool and the cavity wall is significant. Although five-axis machine tools can adjust the tool posture through tilting, the uneven curved surfaces within the blade cavity easily cause the tool holder to collide with the machined surface, resulting in a part scrap rate as high as 15%–20%.

[0004] 3D printing technology, as an additive manufacturing process, has been widely used in aerospace, medical devices, automotive manufacturing, and precision mold making in recent years. By depositing material layer by layer, 3D printing can directly manufacture workpieces with complex geometries, overcoming the limitations of traditional subtractive manufacturing in terms of shape complexity. However, existing 3D printing processes generally suffer from insufficient surface finish when processing workpieces with complex cavity structures (such as internal channels, multi-level steps, and deep holes) and complex external contours (such as curved surfaces, thin-walled structures, and hollow meshes).

[0005] As high-end equipment develops towards higher parameters and longer lifespan, the design requirements for internal cavities of parts are becoming increasingly stringent, with both precision requirements and structural complexity increasing. Traditional processes cannot achieve this, so there is an urgent need to design a new contouring machining method to solve the problem of precision machining of complex internal cavities. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a contouring processing method, a contouring electrode processing method and equipment.

[0007] According to a contouring processing method provided by the present invention, a first substance and a second substance with different melting points are subjected to temperature control so that the first substance with a higher melting point forms a solidified layer on the workpiece and contacts the second substance. Then, the second substance with a lower melting point undergoes a phase change through temperature control, resulting in a volume change and thus generating a pushing and / or pulling force on the solidified layer. Alternatively, the second substance can be driven by an external force to generate a pushing and / or pulling force on the solidified layer. Or, the workpiece can be moved by an external force, causing the solidified layer to generate a scraping motion relative to the workpiece. The melting points of both the first substance and the second substance are lower than the melting point of the workpiece.

[0008] According to a method for processing a contoured electrode provided by the present invention, a first substance and a second substance with different melting points are subjected to temperature control so that the first substance with a higher melting point forms a solidified layer on the workpiece and contacts the second substance. The first substance is a conductive metal. The cured layer is connected to the positive electrode and the workpiece is connected to the negative electrode, or the cured layer is connected to the negative electrode and the workpiece is connected to the positive electrode. The finishing of the part to be processed is achieved by continuous discharge or intermittent discharge. The melting points of the first substance and the second substance are both lower than the melting point of the workpiece.

[0009] According to the present invention, a contouring processing apparatus includes a accommodating body and a first substance and a second substance disposed in the accommodating body, wherein part or all of the workpiece to be processed is disposed inside the accommodating body. Temperature control causes the first substance with a high melting point to form a solidified layer on the workpiece. Temperature control then causes the second substance with a low melting point to undergo a phase change, resulting in a volume change that generates a pushing and / or pulling force on the solidified layer. Alternatively, external force can drive the second substance to generate a pushing and / or pulling force on the solidified layer, or external force can drive the workpiece to move, causing the solidified layer to generate a scraping motion relative to the workpiece. The melting points of both the first and second substances are lower than the melting point of the workpiece.

[0010] According to the present invention, a contour electrode processing apparatus includes a accommodating body and a first substance and a second substance disposed in the accommodating body, wherein part or all of the workpiece to be processed is disposed inside the accommodating body. Temperature control is used to form a solidified layer of the first substance with a high melting point on the workpiece. The first substance is a conductive metal. The solidified layer is connected to the positive electrode and the workpiece is connected to the negative electrode, or the solidified layer is connected to the negative electrode and the workpiece is connected to the positive electrode. The workpiece is then subjected to discharge finishing by continuous or intermittent discharge. The melting points of the first substance and the second substance are both lower than the melting point of the workpiece.

[0011] Preferably, after the first substance forms a solidified layer on the workpiece and undergoes repeated scraping and grinding, it needs to be heated and liquefied again or solidified in a solid-liquid state before undergoing another contouring and scraping and grinding action; the contouring process is achieved through multiple solidification, contouring, scraping and grinding operations.

[0012] Preferably, the height of the cured layer on the workpiece can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the amount of the second substance; and / or The thickness of the cured layer can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the amount of the first substance.

[0013] Preferably, when it is necessary to adjust the height of the cured layer on the workpiece, the cured layer should be heated to a liquid state or a solid-liquid coexistence state before changing the height.

[0014] Preferably, the temperature control method includes heating the first substance and / or the second substance; or heating the workpiece to achieve heat transfer.

[0015] Preferably, the first material contains a first abrasive grain; and / or the second material contains a second abrasive grain.

[0016] Preferably, the first substance and the second substance may be any combination of the following: The first substance is tin, and the second substance is paraffin or asphalt; The first substance is bismuth, and the second substance is paraffin or asphalt; The first substance is a tin-bismuth alloy, and the second substance is paraffin or asphalt; The first substance is tin, and the second substance is Wood's alloy; The first substance is bismuth, and the second substance is Wood's alloy; The first substance is a tin-bismuth alloy, and the second substance is a Wood alloy; The first substance is tin, and the second substance is a gallium indium tin alloy; The first substance is bismuth, and the second substance is a gallium indium tin alloy; The first substance is a tin-bismuth alloy, and the second substance is a gallium-indium-tin alloy; The first substance is tin, and the second substance is plastic; The first substance is bismuth, and the second substance is plastic; The first substance is plastic, and the second substance is paraffin or asphalt; The plastic is any one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

[0017] Preferably, the first substance does not form a solidified layer, but exists in the form of a fluid and flows on the workpiece under the drive of the first substance to achieve a finishing process on the workpiece.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention employs two substances with different melting points. By adjusting the temperature, the high-melting-point substance forms a solidified layer on the workpiece. By adjusting the temperature or using other external forces, the low-melting-point substance applies force to the solidified layer, causing the solidified layer to reciprocate and scrape against the workpiece. This achieves precision scraping of complex grooves and holes on the workpiece. Furthermore, after processing a certain height, the height of the solidified layer can be adjusted at any time, ultimately achieving cumulative scraping of different heights on the workpiece. This solves the problem of precision machining of complex internal cavities in the workpiece.

[0019] 2. The cured layer in this invention needs to be heated and liquefied or solidified in a liquid state multiple times after repeated scraping and grinding actions, and then scraped and ground again after shaping. Through multiple curing, shaping, scraping and grinding, cumulative removal is achieved, and finally the effect of precision machining is achieved, ensuring the machining accuracy.

[0020] 3. The processing method in this invention solves the problem of insufficient surface finish in traditional cutting methods and 3D printing by using a subtractive processing method of layer-by-layer removal or point-cumulative removal, thereby improving the surface finish. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the contour processing equipment in Example 2; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure as the cured layer moves downward in Example 2; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure when the cured layer moves upward in Example 2; Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the contour processing equipment in Example 4; Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the first substance moving downwards in Example 4; Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the first substance moving upward in Example 4; Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the workpiece in Example 4 when drilled holes and irregular holes are configured on it; Figure 8This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the contour processing equipment in Example 5; Figure 9 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure when the cured layer is at a lower position in Example 6; Figure 10 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure when the cured layer is in a higher position in Example 6.

[0022] The diagram shows: Workpiece 1; Drill hole 11; Container 4; Fastener 41; First Substance 100; Electric heating wire 101; First electromagnetic coil 102; Second electromagnetic coil 103; Fluid piping 104; Vibrator 105; Second substance 200. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1: To address the difficulty of precision machining of complex cavities or curved surfaces inside the workpiece 1, this invention provides a contouring machining method. The method involves liquefying and / or vaporizing, or partially liquefying and / or vaporizing, a first substance 100 and a second substance 200 with different melting points, submerging part or all of the workpiece 1. First, temperature control is used to form a solidified layer of the high-melting-point first substance 100 on the workpiece 1. Then, temperature control is used to cause a phase change in the low-melting-point second substance 200, resulting in a volume change. This generates a pushing and / or pulling force on the solidified layer. Alternatively, external force can be used to drive the second substance 200, thereby generating a pushing and / or pulling force on the solidified layer. Or, external force can be used to move the workpiece 1, causing the solidified layer to scrape relative to the workpiece 1. This movement achieves contouring machining of the workpiece 1. The melting points of both the first substance 100 and the second substance 200 are lower than the melting point of the workpiece 1.

[0025] This invention also provides a method for processing a contoured electrode, wherein a first substance 100 and a second substance 200 with different melting points are completely liquefied and / or vaporized or partially liquefied and / or vaporized to submerge part or all of the workpiece 1. The first substance 100 with a high melting point is first solidified on the workpiece 1 by temperature control and then contacts the second substance 200. The first substance 100 is a conductive metal. The solidified layer is connected to the positive electrode and the workpiece 1 is connected to the negative electrode, or the solidified layer is connected to the negative electrode and the workpiece 1 is connected to the positive electrode. The part to be processed on the workpiece 1 is then subjected to discharge finishing by continuous discharge or intermittent discharge. The melting points of the first substance 100 and the second substance 200 are both lower than the melting point of the workpiece 1.

[0026] The present invention also provides a contouring processing device, including a container 4 and a first substance 100 and a second substance 200 disposed in the container 4. Part or all of the workpiece 1 is disposed inside the container 4 such that the first substance 100 and the second substance 200 are completely liquefied and / or vaporized or partially liquefied and / or vaporized, submerging part or all of the workpiece 1. By temperature control, the high-melting-point first substance 100 forms a solidified layer on the workpiece 1. Then, by temperature control, the low-melting-point second substance 200 undergoes a phase change, resulting in a volume change, thereby generating a pushing and / or pulling force on the solidified layer. Alternatively, the second substance 200 can be driven by an external force to generate a pushing and / or pulling force on the solidified layer, or the workpiece 1 can be moved by an external force, causing the solidified layer to generate a scraping motion relative to the workpiece 1. The melting points of the first substance 100 and the second substance 200 are both lower than the melting point of the workpiece 1.

[0027] The present invention also provides a contour electrode processing device, including a housing 4 and a first substance 100 and a second substance 200 disposed in the housing 4, wherein part or all of the workpiece 1 is disposed inside the housing 4; by temperature control, the high-melting-point first substance 100 forms a solidified layer on the workpiece 1, the first substance 100 being a conductive metal; the solidified layer is connected to the positive electrode and the workpiece 1 to the negative electrode, or the solidified layer is connected to the negative electrode and the workpiece 1 to the positive electrode, and the discharge finishing of the part to be processed on the workpiece 1 is achieved by continuous discharge or intermittent discharge, wherein the melting points of the first substance 100 and the second substance 200 are both lower than the melting point of the workpiece 1.

[0028] The thickness of the cured layer in this invention can be set to the millimeter or micrometer level, enabling precise local machining of the workpiece 1. Machining of the workpiece 1 includes machining of internal cavities and machining of its outer wall. In practical applications, the relative scraping motion between the cured layer and the workpiece 1 can be achieved by fixing the workpiece 1 and driving the cured layer, fixing the cured layer and driving the workpiece 1, or both the cured layer and the workpiece 1 moving. All these methods achieve the effects described in this invention.

[0029] Specifically, the container 4 is a rigid container. In this invention, temperature control can be achieved in various ways, such as heating the container 4, heating the workpiece 1, directly heating the second substance 200, directly heating the first substance 100, or a combination of one or more of the above heating methods. All of these methods can achieve the effect of temperature control.

[0030] In practical applications, the processing of the workpiece 1 using the cured layer of the first substance 100 requires the accumulation of multiple different locations to achieve overall processing. The first substance 100 forms a cured layer on the workpiece 1, undergoing repeated scraping and grinding actions. It is necessary to reheat to liquefy the cured layer or transform it into a solid-liquid state, then re-cure and continue the scraping and grinding action until the desired processing accuracy is achieved. Contouring processing is achieved through multiple curing and contour scraping and grinding operations. Once the scraped area meets the requirements, the cured layer needs to be moved to a different location for further grinding. In this invention, the height of the cured layer on the workpiece 1 can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the amount of the second substance 200 to achieve processing at different heights on the workpiece 1. Simultaneously, depending on different processing locations and requirements, the thickness of the cured layer can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the amount of the first substance 100 to improve grinding efficiency or processing accuracy. Specific choices can be flexibly made according to the actual application scenario.

[0031] In this embodiment, the first substance 100 is a high-temperature phase change material, preferably tin, and the second substance 200 is a low-temperature phase change material, preferably paraffin wax. Tin has a melting point of 231.9°C and a boiling point of 2270°C; common paraffin wax has a melting point of approximately 47°C to 64°C and a boiling point of approximately 300°C to 550°C. When the tin and paraffin wax are heated to above 231.9°C but below 300°C, both tin and paraffin wax become liquid and submerge part or all of the workpiece 1. When the temperature is lowered to below the melting point of tin, the tin forms a solidified layer that spreads evenly on the workpiece 1 at a certain height, while the paraffin wax remains liquid. By controlling the temperature change of the paraffin wax, its volume can be adjusted, thereby generating a pushing or pulling force on the tin solidified layer, driving the tin solidified layer to move up and down, achieving a scraping motion, and performing contour processing on the workpiece 1.

[0032] Specifically, various methods can be used to heat the two substances. For example, when heating paraffin wax, an electromagnetic coil or electromagnetically sensitive material can be placed inside the wax. Heat transfer can be achieved through magnetic field induction or direct electrical current. Simultaneously, the heat from the paraffin wax can be transferred to the tin-cured layer, thus heating the tin-cured layer. Alternatively, ferromagnetic abrasive grains can be added to the paraffin wax. An induction coil can also cause these ferromagnetic abrasive grains to generate heat, achieving the same effect as heating the paraffin wax. Another example is connecting electrodes to the tin-cured layer, using the tin as a conductor; its resistance heating can then achieve separate heating of the tin. Heat transfer can also be achieved by heating the workpiece 1.

[0033] It should be noted that the first substance 100 and the second substance 200 can be combined in various ways, such as any of the following combinations: The first substance 100 is tin, and the second substance 200 is paraffin or asphalt; The first substance 100 is bismuth, and the second substance 200 is paraffin or bitumen; The first substance 100 is a tin-bismuth alloy, and the second substance 200 is paraffin or asphalt; The first substance 100 is tin, and the second substance 200 is Wood's alloy; Substance 100 is bismuth, and substance 200 is Wood's alloy; Substance 100 is a tin-bismuth alloy, and substance 200 is a Wood alloy; The first substance 100 is tin, and the second substance 200 is a gallium indium tin alloy; The first substance 100 is bismuth, and the second substance 200 is a gallium indium tin alloy; The first substance 100 is a tin-bismuth alloy, and the second substance 200 is a gallium-indium-tin alloy; The first substance 100 is tin, and the second substance 200 is plastic; The first substance 100 is bismuth, and the second substance 200 is plastic; The first substance 100 is plastic, and the second substance 200 is paraffin or asphalt; The plastic is any one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

[0034] To improve the scraping effect, the first material 100 contains first abrasive grains, and the second material 200 contains second abrasive grains. The abrasive grains can enhance the scraping effect. It should be noted that the second material 200 may also achieve the scraping effect of the present invention without containing second abrasive grains.

[0035] Furthermore, the abrasive grains can be made of ferromagnetic material. An electromagnetic coil can be added to the outer end of the housing 4. On the one hand, the alternating electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic coil controls the ferromagnetic abrasive grains in the low-temperature phase change material to concentrate in the gap between the cutting tool and the workpiece surface, and reciprocate to regulate and enhance the scraping and grinding effect. On the other hand, the electromagnetic coil can induce a magnetic field in the ferromagnetic abrasive grains to generate heat, providing heat for the phase change of the phase change material.

[0036] This invention involves liquefying or partially liquefying a first substance 100 and a second substance 200 with different melting points, submerging part or all of the workpiece 1. First, the first substance 100 with a higher melting point is solidified by temperature control. Then, the second substance 200 with a lower melting point undergoes a phase change by temperature control. The second substance 200 after the phase change produces a volume change, thereby generating a pushing and / or pulling force on the solidified layer. This causes the solidified layer to produce a scraping motion with a small displacement relative to the workpiece 1. The scraping motion achieves the contouring process of the workpiece 1. By repeatedly liquefying and solidifying the solidified layer and performing multiple contouring processes, the workpiece 1 after scraping and grinding becomes closer to the ideal machined surface. After the workpiece 1 is processed at a certain height, the curing layer can be heated to form a liquid or solid-liquid coexistence state. The curing layer is driven to rise or fall by changing the temperature of the second substance 200 and thus changing the volume of the second substance 200. This allows the curing layer to be scraped at the adjusted height. By scraping the workpiece 1 at different heights, the entire workpiece 1 can be scraped.

[0037] The present invention involves injecting liquid into a box. During the process of the liquid level rising, the liquid level can reach any gap or gap surface of the workpiece 1 inside. If the upper surface of the liquid level can have a layer structure that can be controlled to solidify or dissolve as needed, and the solidification of the layer structure can be dynamically adjusted, the scraping and grinding of the entire three-dimensional cavity surface of the workpiece can be realized, and finally the full coverage grinding and finishing of the inner and outer cavities of the complex workpiece can be achieved.

[0038] Example 2: In this embodiment, the internal chamber of the accommodating body 4 is a completely enclosed chamber, such as... Figure 1 As shown, a fastener 41 is provided in the accommodating body 4. The workpiece 1 is detachably fixed inside the accommodating body 4 by the fastener 41. The fastener 41 can preferably be a clamp or screw and a sealing component such as a sealing ring.

[0039] In this embodiment, the first substance 100 is tin, and the second substance 200 is paraffin wax. The tin forms a solidified layer at a certain height on the workpiece 1, while the paraffin wax is liquid. At this point, cooling the paraffin wax below the solidified layer forms a condensation layer, causing it to shrink in volume, while heating the paraffin wax above the solidified layer causes it to expand in volume. This, in turn, causes the solidified layer to generate a downward scraping stroke. Figure 2 As shown; next, the paraffin wax below the cured layer is heated, causing it to expand in volume, while the paraffin wax above the cured layer is cooled to form a condensation layer, causing it to shrink in volume. This, in turn, causes the cured layer to scrape upwards, as shown. Figure 3 As shown. By alternating the temperature above and below the tin curing layer, the curing layer is made to scrape up and down repeatedly, thereby achieving the scraping and grinding of the part to be processed at a certain height of the workpiece 1. After repeated processing, the curing layer is melted and re-cured to form a new curing shape, and the scraping motion continues until the desired scraping surface is achieved.

[0040] After the workpiece 1 is processed at a certain height, the tin is heated to become liquid or solid-liquid. At this time, paraffin wax is added below the tin layer, and the tin layer is lifted by removing part of the paraffin wax above the tin layer. Conversely, the tin layer is lowered and cooled to form a solidified tin layer. The workpiece 1 at that height is then polished in the same way.

[0041] Example 3: The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that the top of the container 4 has an opening, and only the lower part of the tin-cured layer is filled with paraffin wax. The upper part of the tin-cured layer is not filled with paraffin wax. The up-and-down scraping motion of the tin-cured layer can be achieved by controlling only the temperature of the paraffin wax below the tin-cured layer, so as to achieve the finishing scraping operation on the part to be processed of the workpiece 1.

[0042] Example 4: In this embodiment, the internal cavity of the accommodating body 4 is a fully enclosed cavity. Unlike embodiment 1, the workpiece 1 has multiple drilled holes 11, and the workpiece 1 is positioned in the middle of the accommodating body 4. Figure 4 As shown, the first material 100 is provided with first abrasive particles, and the first material 100 is also provided in the middle of the container 4. The first material 100 is filled with second material 200 above and below. By controlling the temperature of the second material 200, the first material 100 can be squeezed, thereby realizing the movement of the second material 200.

[0043] like Figure 5 As shown, the second material 200 above the first material 100 is heated by the electric heating wire 101, and the second material 200 below the first material 100 is cooled by the first electromagnetic coil 102, which enables the first material 100 to move downwards, thereby realizing the scraping and grinding of multiple drill holes 11.

[0044] like Figure 6As shown, the second material 200 above the first material 100 is cooled by the first electromagnetic coil 102, and the second material 200 below the first material 100 is heated by the electric heating wire 101, which enables the first material 100 to move upward, thereby achieving the scraping and grinding of multiple drill holes 11. Cooling one end and heating the other end can accelerate the scraping and grinding efficiency.

[0045] In this embodiment, the abrasive grains are liquefied and vaporized repeatedly through a low-temperature phase change material. As they move through possible gaps in the workpiece, they scrape and remove impurities from the workpiece surface, achieving a smooth finish. The gap dimensions are consistent, so regardless of the complexity of the surface configuration, the pressure of the abrasive grains passing through the gap is consistent, resulting in consistent surface removal quality.

[0046] It should be noted that for workpiece 1 that has both drilled holes 11 and irregularly shaped holes, efficient scraping can also be achieved by using a method of cooling one end and heating the other end, such as... Figure 7 As shown.

[0047] It should be noted that, for Figure 4 , Figure 7 The workpiece 1 in the process can also be processed by first forming a cured layer and then driving the cured layer to reciprocate and scrape, which will not be elaborated here.

[0048] Example 5: In this embodiment, the internal cavity of the accommodating body 4 is a completely enclosed cavity. Unlike embodiment 1, the workpiece 1 is floatable, while the cured layer formed by the first substance 100 remains relatively stationary. Figure 8 As shown, through the fluid pipeline 104, the second substance 200 above the cured layer can be extracted and the second substance 200 below the cured layer can be input, thereby enabling the entire workpiece 1 to float upwards; by inputting the second substance 200 above the cured layer and extracting the second substance 200 below the cured layer, the entire workpiece 1 can sink downwards, thereby enabling relative scraping between the cured layer and the workpiece 1. At the same time, a second electromagnetic coil 103 is also configured on the cured layer for heating the cured layer. When it is necessary to adjust the height of the cured layer appropriately, the cured layer can be heated by the second electromagnetic coil 103. After the cured layer softens, it can be appropriately raised or lowered, thereby enabling scraping operations at different positions of the workpiece 1.

[0049] Example 6: In this embodiment, the top of the container 4 has an opening. Unlike embodiment 1, the workpiece 1 is floatable, while the cured layer formed by the first substance 100 remains relatively stationary. Figure 9As shown, the fluid conduit 14 allows for extraction or input from below the cured layer, enabling the entire workpiece 1 to float or sink, facilitating relative scraping between the cured layer and the workpiece 1. A second electromagnetic coil 103 is also mounted on the cured layer for heating. When the height of the cured layer needs adjustment, the second electromagnetic coil 103 can be used to heat it. After the cured layer softens, the second substance 200 can be input or extracted through the fluid conduit 104, causing the cured layer of the first substance 100 to rise or fall appropriately. Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, scraping operations are performed on different positions of the workpiece 1.

[0050] In this embodiment, the workpiece 1 may also be equipped with a vibrator 105, which can increase the scraping frequency and improve the scraping effect by vibration.

[0051] Comparative example: The abrasive particles are forcefully pumped to form an abrasive flow to process the internal cavity of the workpiece 3. However, the speed of the abrasive flow changes during its movement, resulting in poor uniformity of processing at various processing locations. Furthermore, due to the complex internal cavities of the workpiece 3, the abrasive flow cannot reach some locations. Consequently, certain parts of the internal cavities of the workpiece 3 cannot be reached, or the processing force is uneven. Compared with Examples 1 to 6, Examples 1 to 6 can reach any processing location, and the processing force is uniform. The processing effect of Examples 1 to 6 is better.

[0052] Taking Example 1 as an example, the contouring processing principle of the present invention is as follows: First, the workpiece 1 is fixed in the container 4. The second substance 200 is placed in the container 4 and heated to melt the phase change material. It flows into the lower layer of the workpiece 1 by its own weight and is evenly distributed in the horizontal direction. It then cools and solidifies. Secondly, a high-melting-point first substance 100 is placed within the contour envelope of the workpiece 1 or within the container 4, and heated to melt and fall into the workpiece 1 and the upper surface layer of the formed low-temperature phase change material. It should be noted that the order in which the first substance 100 and the second substance 200 are added into the container 4 is not limited; they can be added sequentially or simultaneously. Simultaneous heating causes the low-temperature phase change material to melt and fall to the bottom layer first. As the temperature rises, the high-temperature phase change material gradually melts into a fluid-solid or liquid state. At this point, the low-temperature phase change material has a higher degree of solubility, liquefaction, and even partial vaporization, generating buoyancy or possible vaporization thrust on the high-temperature phase change material, pushing the fluid-solid or liquid-state high-temperature phase change material upwards. At this point, the high-temperature phase change material is in a horizontally distributed configuration. Low-temperature phase change materials have a large thermal expansion. Under temperature control, the high-temperature phase change fluid layer will be continuously pushed and submerged into the inner and outer contour gaps or cavities of the workpiece 1. At this time, the two phase change materials in the container 4 are cooled. Since the high-temperature phase change material has a high melting point, it cools first. As the temperature decreases, the high-temperature layered fluid first becomes a fluid solid and then a further solid. At the same time, the low-temperature phase change material that may be doped is precipitated, forming a layered high-temperature phase change material layer with the same thickness as the workpiece 1 and the high-temperature phase change material, which is a fully conformal conformal layer tool.

[0053] In the specific design, the overall chamber of the accommodating body 4 can be fully enclosed or open at one end. By using external power, the fully applied contouring layer tool is driven to move up and down relative to the workpiece 1 to form contouring scraping. The temperature is controlled by heating simultaneously or separately, and cooling simultaneously or separately. The temperature change will cause the low-temperature phase change material to undergo a phase change, resulting in a volume change. This will create a pressure difference between the upper and lower end faces of the layer tool, or a pressure difference between pressure and negative pressure. Specifically, the phase change material in the cooling section shrinks into a liquid or solid state, and the space in the enclosed cavity becomes a vacuum, thus generating negative pressure. This negative pressure, combined with the expansion pressure in the high-temperature section opposite the layer tool, forms a high pressure difference, which pushes the layer tool and the workpiece 1 to slide relative to each other through compression and friction. Alternatively, it can generate up-and-down reciprocating displacement or vibration according to the temperature control sequence of the upper and lower sections. Since the layer tool contains abrasive grains, it will generate reciprocating friction and removal on the contact surface of the workpiece 1 material in the same layer, achieving the effect of low-temperature surface grinding and finishing of exposed surfaces with any complex configuration.

[0054] After machining workpiece 1, the entire workpiece is heated, or individually heated under controlled temperature. The layer cutting tool melts (from a gel-like to a solid or liquid state (the abrasive grains within the layer cutting tool also move and change)) and is pushed upwards or downwards by the low-temperature phase change material end by the layer cutting tool height. The height moved is preferably less than or equal to the thickness of the layer cutting tool. At this point, the layer cutting tool forms a new, fully-fitted contouring layer cutting tool that perfectly matches the exposed profile of the workpiece 1 material at the new height. The layer cutting tool is then cooled to a liquid-solid state or a solid state, and a reciprocating drive or vibration grinding process is performed on the contouring contact surface of workpiece 1. This process is repeated to achieve cumulative grinding and scraping removal layer by layer on any three-dimensional complex internal and external surface, achieving a surface finishing effect. The finishing effect can be optimized by the thickness of the layer cutting tool; the thinner the layer or the smaller the distance difference between a single lifting or lowering motion, the higher the degree of surface grinding removal.

[0055] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0056] Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

Claims

1. A contouring processing method, characterized in that, A first substance (100) and a second substance (200) with different melting points are mixed by temperature control, so that the first substance (100) with a higher melting point forms a solidified layer on the workpiece (1) and contacts the second substance (200). Then, the second substance (200) with a lower melting point undergoes a phase change and a volume change, thereby generating a pushing and / or pulling force on the solidified layer. Alternatively, the second substance (200) can be driven by an external force to generate a pushing and / or pulling force on the solidified layer. Or, the workpiece (1) can be moved by an external force to cause the solidified layer to generate a scraping motion relative to the workpiece (1). The melting points of the first substance (100) and the second substance (200) are both lower than the melting point of the workpiece (1).

2. A method for processing a contoured electrode, characterized in that, The first substance (100) and the second substance (200) with different melting points are subjected to temperature control so that the first substance (100) with the higher melting point forms a solidified layer on the workpiece (1) and contacts the second substance (200). The first substance (100) is a conductive metal. The solidified layer is connected to the positive electrode and the workpiece (1) is connected to the negative electrode, or the solidified layer is connected to the negative electrode and the workpiece (1) is connected to the positive electrode. The finishing of the workpiece (1) is achieved by continuous discharge or intermittent discharge. The melting points of the first substance (100) and the second substance (200) are both lower than the melting point of the workpiece (1).

3. A contouring processing device, characterized in that, Includes a container (4) and a first substance (100) and a second substance (200) disposed in the container (4), and part or all of the workpiece (1) is disposed inside the container (4); Temperature control causes the first substance (100) with a high melting point to form a solidified layer on the workpiece (1). Temperature control then causes the second substance (200) with a low melting point to undergo a phase change, resulting in a volume change and thus generating a pushing and / or pulling force on the solidified layer. Alternatively, external force can be used to drive the second substance (200) to generate a pushing and / or pulling force on the solidified layer. Or, external force can be used to drive the workpiece (1) to move, causing the solidified layer to generate a scraping motion relative to the workpiece (1). The melting points of the first substance (100) and the second substance (200) are both lower than the melting point of the workpiece (1).

4. A contour electrode processing device, characterized in that, Includes a container (4) and a first substance (100) and a second substance (200) disposed in the container (4), and part or all of the workpiece (1) is disposed inside the container (4); Temperature control is used to form a solidified layer on the workpiece (1) by the first substance (100) with a high melting point. The first substance (100) is a conductive metal. The solidified layer is connected to the positive electrode and the workpiece (1) is connected to the negative electrode, or the solidified layer is connected to the negative electrode and the workpiece (1) is connected to the positive electrode. The workpiece (1) is then subjected to discharge finishing of the part to be processed by continuous discharge or intermittent discharge. The melting points of the first substance (100) and the second substance (200) are both lower than the melting point of the workpiece (1).

5. The contouring processing method according to claim 1 or the contouring processing equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, After the first substance (100) forms a solidified layer on the workpiece (1) and performs repeated scraping and grinding, it needs to be heated and liquefied again or solidified in a solid-liquid state and then scraped and ground again; the contouring process is achieved through multiple solidification, contouring, scraping and grinding.

6. The contouring processing method according to claim 1, the contouring electrode processing method according to claim 2, the contouring processing equipment according to claim 3, or the contouring electrode processing equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The height of the cured layer on the workpiece (1) can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the amount of the second substance (200); and / or The thickness of the cured layer can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the amount of the first substance (100).

7. The contouring processing method, contouring electrode processing method, contouring processing equipment, or contouring electrode processing equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, When it is necessary to adjust the height of the cured layer on the workpiece (1), the cured layer needs to be heated to a liquid state or a solid-liquid coexistence state before the height is changed.

8. The contouring processing method according to claim 1, the contouring electrode processing method according to claim 2, the contouring processing equipment according to claim 3, or the contouring electrode processing equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, Temperature control methods include at least one of the following heating methods: Heating the first substance (100) and / or the second substance (200); Heat the workpiece (1); Heat the container (4); The first material (100) contains a first abrasive grain; and / or the second material (200) contains a second abrasive grain.

9. The contouring processing method according to claim 1, the contouring electrode processing method according to claim 2, the contouring processing equipment according to claim 3, or the contouring electrode processing equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first substance (100) and the second substance (200) may be in any of the following combinations: The first substance (100) is tin, and the second substance (200) is paraffin or asphalt; The first substance (100) is bismuth, and the second substance (200) is paraffin or asphalt; The first substance (100) is a tin-bismuth alloy, and the second substance (200) is paraffin wax or asphalt; The first substance (100) is tin, and the second substance (200) is Wood's alloy; The first substance (100) is bismuth, and the second substance (200) is Wood's alloy; The first substance (100) is a tin-bismuth alloy, and the second substance (200) is a Wood alloy; The first substance (100) is tin, and the second substance (200) is a gallium indium tin alloy; The first substance (100) is bismuth, and the second substance (200) is a gallium indium tin alloy; The first substance (100) is a tin-bismuth alloy, and the second substance (200) is a gallium-indium-tin alloy; The first substance (100) is tin, and the second substance (200) is plastic; The first substance (100) is bismuth, and the second substance (200) is plastic; The first substance (100) is plastic, and the second substance (200) is paraffin or asphalt; The plastic is any one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

10. The contouring processing method according to claim 1 or the contouring processing equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first substance (100) does not form a solidified layer, but exists in the form of a fluid and flows on the workpiece (1) under the drive of the first substance (100) to achieve the finishing process of the workpiece (1).

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