Machine tool

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of machine tools, and provides a machine tool which comprises a frame body, a lifting table, a lifting driver, a workbench for placing workpieces, a drill bit, a multi-stage speed reduction transmission mechanism and a power source, the lifting platform is arranged on the frame body in a sliding manner in a lifting manner; the lifting driver is used for driving the lifting table to lift and move; the number of the drill bits is multiple. The multiple drill bits are rotationally arranged on the lifting table. The power source drives the multiple drill bits to rotate at the same time through the multi-stage speed reduction transmission mechanism. The rotating axes of the multiple drill bits are vertically arranged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of machine tool technology, and more specifically, relates to a machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] Machine tools are ubiquitous in modern machining. When multiple holes need to be machined on a workpiece, they are usually drilled sequentially. Typically, the drill bit is mounted on a lifting platform. As the platform descends, the drill bit drills into the workpiece. After one hole is completed, the platform rises to separate the drill bit from the workpiece, then moves to a new position and descends again to drill another hole. This drilling efficiency is low. Furthermore, the drill bit is prone to deviation during the sequential drilling process, resulting in insufficient drilling accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a machine tool to solve the technical problems of low drilling efficiency and insufficient drilling accuracy in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a machine tool is provided, comprising: a frame, a lifting platform, a lifting drive, a worktable for placing workpieces, a drill bit, a multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism, and a power source; The lifting platform is slidably mounted on the frame in a liftable manner; the lifting driver is used to drive the lifting platform to move up and down; The number of drill bits is multiple; the multiple drill bits are rotatably mounted on the lifting platform; the power source drives the multiple drill bits to rotate simultaneously through the multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism; the rotation axes of the multiple drill bits are respectively vertically arranged.

[0005] Furthermore, the multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism includes: a power shaft, a first transmission shaft, a second transmission shaft, a main shaft, a first gear set, a second gear set, and a third gear set; the power shaft drives the first transmission shaft to rotate through the first gear set, the first transmission shaft drives the second transmission shaft to rotate through the second gear set, and the second transmission shaft drives the main shaft to rotate through the third gear set; the rotational speeds of the power shaft, the first transmission shaft, the second transmission shaft, and the main shaft decrease sequentially; there are multiple main shafts, and each main shaft corresponds to a specific drill bit; each drill bit is coaxially mounted on its corresponding main shaft.

[0006] Furthermore, the first gear set includes: a first driving gear and a first driven gear; the first driving gear is coaxially disposed on the power shaft; there are two first transmission shafts and two first driven gears; the two first transmission shafts and the two first driven gears correspond one-to-one, and each first driven gear is coaxially disposed on the corresponding first transmission shaft; the first driving gear meshes with the two first driven gears respectively; each first transmission shaft drives at least one of the main shafts to rotate.

[0007] Furthermore, there are two second drive shafts and two second gear sets; the two first drive shafts, the two second gear sets, and the two second drive shafts correspond one-to-one; there are four main shafts, and each second drive shaft drives two main shafts to rotate through the third gear set.

[0008] Furthermore, the third gear set includes: a third driving gear and a third driven gear; there are two third driving gears, each corresponding to one of the two second transmission shafts, with each third driving gear coaxially mounted on its corresponding second transmission shaft; there are four third driven gears; each of the four main shafts corresponds to one of the four third driven gears, with each third driven gear coaxially mounted on its corresponding main shaft; each third driving gear meshes with one of the two third driven gears.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes: a handle shaft and a handle gear; the handle shaft is rotatably mounted on the lifting platform, and the handle gear is coaxially mounted on the handle shaft; the handle gear is connected to any of the second gear sets for transmission.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes: an oil pump and a pump gear; the pump gear is coaxially mounted on the power input shaft of the oil pump; the pump gear is connected to the multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism; the oil pump pumps lubricating oil into the space where the multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism is located.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes: an upper positioning frame, a lower positioning frame, and a first positioning pin; the lower positioning frame is disposed on the worktable, and the upper positioning frame is connected to the lifting platform; the first positioning pin is vertically disposed and disposed on the lower positioning frame; the upper positioning frame has a first positioning hole that cooperates with the first positioning pin.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes: a second positioning pin, a limiting plate, and a limiting nut; one end of the second positioning pin is used to pass through the second positioning hole on the workpiece and be installed on the lower positioning frame; the second positioning pin has a positioning support surface for supporting the workpiece; the second positioning pin has an annular step for being inserted into the second positioning hole and cooperating with the inner wall of the second positioning hole; the other end of the second positioning pin has an external thread, and the limiting nut is threadedly connected to the second positioning pin; the limiting plate has a notch, and the limiting plate is engaged with the second positioning pin through the notch, and the limiting plate is located between the limiting nut and the lower positioning frame; a placement space for placing the workpiece is formed between the limiting plate and the lower positioning frame.

[0013] Further, the upper positioning frame includes: a first bracket, a second bracket, a slide rod, an elastic element, and a limiting element; the slide rod is vertically arranged; the bottom end of the slide rod is connected to the second bracket, and the top end of the slide rod passes through a guide hole on the first bracket; the limiting element is disposed on the top end of the slide rod; the first bracket is located between the limiting element and the second bracket; the first positioning hole is formed in the second bracket; the elastic element is clamped between the first bracket and the second bracket; and / or It also includes a rotation limiting mechanism disposed on the lower positioning frame and used to prevent the workpiece from rotating around the second positioning pin.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the machine tool provided by the present invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the machine tool provided by the present invention has a lifting platform on the frame, which can slide up and down relative to the frame; a lifting drive can drive the lifting platform to move up and down; a drill bit is directly or indirectly rotatably mounted on the lifting platform, and the drill bit can move up and down with the lifting platform; there are multiple drill bits, and multiple drill bits can move up and down with the lifting platform simultaneously; the rotation axis of each drill bit is vertically set, and when the drill bit descends in the vertical direction with the lifting platform, it can drill holes in the workpiece below the drill bit; multiple drill bits can drill holes in the workpiece simultaneously during the process of moving up and down with the lifting platform, and since the relative positions between the drill bits can be set before processing, the relative positions between different holes are more accurate; The power source drives multiple drill bits to rotate simultaneously through a multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism. After the power source's speed is reduced through the multi-stage reduction drive mechanism, the drill bit's speed is lower than the power source's speed, which facilitates increasing the drill bit's torque and reduces the impact on drilling stability and accuracy caused by insufficient drill bit torque. Since the power source and drill bit are connected through multi-stage reduction, the torque can be gradually increased in multiple stages, improving the stability of power transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the left side of the machine tool provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of a machine tool provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A top view schematic diagram of the cooperation between the second bracket and the lower positioning frame provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the cooperation of the first bracket, the second bracket, and the lower positioning frame provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the cooperation between the spindle box and the multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the transmission principle of a multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the transmission principle of a multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the installation of an oil pump provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the installation of the handle shaft provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 A partial cross-sectional left-side view of the spindle and lifting platform provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of workpiece processing provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 A schematic table of journals and rotational speeds for each shaft is provided for embodiments of the present invention. Figure 13 A schematic table of gear parameters provided for embodiments of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the working cycle of the power component provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] The following are the labeling elements in the figure: 11-Frame; 12-Lifting platform; 13-Lifting drive; 14-Worktable; 15-Power source; 21-Power shaft; 22-First drive shaft; 23-Second drive shaft; 24-Spindle; 25-Drill bit; 311-First driving gear; 312-First driven gear; 321-Second driving gear; 322-Second driven gear; 331-Third driving gear; 332-Third driven gear; 41-Handle shaft; 42-Handle gear; 43-Oil pump; 44-Pump gear; 45- Fastening screw; 46-Third keyway; 47-Third bushing; 51-Upper positioning frame; 511-First bracket; 512-Second bracket; 513-Slide rod; 514-Elastic element; 515-Limiting element; 52-Lower positioning frame; 521-First positioning hole; 53-First positioning pin; 54-Second positioning pin; 55-Limiting plate; 551-Notch; 56-Limiting nut; 57-Rotational limiting mechanism; 6-Workpiece; 7-Spindle box; 71-Front cover; 81-Base; 83-Power box; 841 842-First washer; 843-First tapered roller bearing; 844-First bushing; 845-Second tapered roller bearing; 846-Second bushing; 847-Third tapered roller bearing; 848-Radial ball bearing; 849-Set screw; 851-Thrust ball bearing; 852-Ring; 853-Housing; 854-First connecting pipe; 855-Copper pipe; 856-Second connecting pipe; 857-Oil distributor; 861-Top cover; 862-Oil baffle; 863-Fourth Tapered roller bearing; 87-Oil-proof sleeve; 881-Replaceable drill sleeve; 882-Intermediate sleeve; 883-Third nut; 884-Fourth nut; 885-Third washer; 886-Lower washer; 887-Fourth screw; 888-Upper washer; 889-Fifth screw; 890-Positioning sleeve; 891-Third positioning pin; 892-Handle; 893-Sleeve; 894-T-plate; 895-Support pin; 896-Third screw; 91-Plug; 92-Fifth nut; 93-Fourth washer. Detailed Implementation

[0017] It should be noted that the specific embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0018] It should be noted that, in the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or". For example, A / B can mean A or B. The "and / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Here, A and B can be singular or plural, respectively.

[0019] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as "connected to" or "attached to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component. When a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component.

[0020] It should be noted that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0022] It should be noted that the term "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0023] Please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 13 The machine tool provided by the present invention will now be described. The machine tool includes: a frame 11, a lifting platform 12, a lifting driver 13, a worktable 14 for placing a workpiece 6, drill bits 25, a multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism, and a power source 15; the lifting platform 12 is slidably mounted on the frame 11 in a lifting manner; the lifting driver 13 is used to drive the lifting platform 12 to move up and down; there are multiple drill bits 25; the multiple drill bits 25 are rotatably mounted on the lifting platform 12; the power source 15 drives the multiple drill bits 25 to rotate simultaneously through the multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism; the rotation axes of the multiple drill bits 25 are respectively vertically arranged.

[0024] Thus, a lifting platform 12 is provided on the frame 11, which can slide up and down relative to the frame 11; the lifting driver 13 can drive the lifting platform 12 to move up and down; the drill bit 25 is directly or indirectly rotatably mounted on the lifting platform 12, and the drill bit 25 can move up and down with the lifting platform 12; there are multiple drill bits 25, and multiple drill bits 25 can move up and down with the lifting platform 12 simultaneously; the rotation axis of each drill bit 25 is set vertically, and when the drill bit 25 descends in the vertical direction with the lifting platform 12, it can drill holes in the workpiece 6 below the drill bit 25; multiple drill bits 25 can drill holes in the workpiece 6 simultaneously during the process of moving up and down with the lifting platform 12, and since the relative position between the drill bits 25 can be set before processing, the relative position between different holes is more accurate; The power source 15 drives multiple drill bits 25 to rotate simultaneously through a multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism. After the speed of the power source 15 is reduced through the multi-stage reduction drive mechanism, the speed of the drill bits 25 is lower than that of the power source 15. This facilitates the increase of the torque of the drill bits 25 and reduces the impact on the stability and accuracy of drilling due to insufficient torque of the drill bits 25. Since the power source 15 and the drill bits 25 are connected by a multi-stage reduction, the torque can be gradually increased in multiple stages, improving the stability of power transmission.

[0025] In one embodiment, the frame 11 has a slide rail, and the lifting platform 12 slides on the slide rail. In another embodiment, the slide rail is vertically arranged.

[0026] In one embodiment, the lifting driver 13 is a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, or a linear motor.

[0027] In one embodiment, the vertical direction is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

[0028] In one embodiment, the power source 15 is an electric motor.

[0029] In one embodiment, the frame 11 is a column, the base 81 of which is placed on a horizontal ground, and the right-side worktable 14 is connected to it. The hydraulic slide (i.e., the lifting drive 13) is connected to the left side of the column, and the right side of the slide is connected to the power box 83 equipped with a motor (i.e., the power source 15), the output end of which is connected to the machine tool spindle box 7.

[0030] In one embodiment, the power box 83 is mounted on the lifting platform 12.

[0031] Further, please refer to Figures 1 to 13As a specific embodiment of the machine tool provided by the present invention, the multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism includes: a power shaft 21, a first transmission shaft 22, a second transmission shaft 23, a main spindle 24, a first gear set, a second gear set, and a third gear set; the power shaft 21 drives the first transmission shaft 22 to rotate through the first gear set, the first transmission shaft 22 drives the second transmission shaft 23 to rotate through the second gear set, and the second transmission shaft 23 drives the main spindle 24 to rotate through the third gear set; the rotational speeds of the power shaft 21, the first transmission shaft 22, the second transmission shaft 23, and the main spindle 24 decrease sequentially; there are multiple main spindles 24, and multiple main spindles 24 correspond one-to-one with multiple drill bits 25; each drill bit 25 is coaxially mounted on its corresponding main spindle 24. Thus, the rotational speeds of the power shaft 21, the first transmission shaft 22, the second transmission shaft 23, and the main spindle 24 decrease sequentially, thereby forming a clear transmission link from the power shaft 21 to the main spindle 24 with progressively decreasing speeds under the same power source 15. This structural arrangement, in which the first gear set, the second gear set, and the third gear set complete the transmission sequentially, allows the speed matching process to be completed in multiple independent stages. The transmission relationship between each stage is undertaken and limited by the corresponding gear set, realizing a gradual transition from the high speed on the power shaft 21 side to the appropriate machining speed on the main shaft 24 side, with the torque gradually increasing.

[0032] In one embodiment, the power shaft 21 is the output shaft segment of the motor (i.e., power source 15), and is connected to the first driving gear 311 via a key and a set screw 849 to transmit power. In one embodiment, the first driven gear 312 on the first transmission shaft 22 meshes with the first driving gear 311. In one embodiment, the end of the first transmission shaft 22 is threadedly connected to the first driven gear 312 via a first washer 841 and a first nut 842. In one embodiment, the inner ring of the first tapered roller bearing 843 is fastened to the first transmission shaft 22, the outer ring of the first tapered roller bearing 843 is connected to the housing 853, the inner ring of the first tapered roller bearing 843 is connected to the first bushing 844, the first bushing 844 is connected to the first driven gear 312, and a key and keyway connection determine the circumferential positioning of the first driven gear 312. In one embodiment, the second transmission shaft 23 is a countersunk shaft. In one embodiment, the second drive shaft 23 has components including a second tapered roller bearing 845, a second bushing 846, a second washer, a second nut, a second driven gear 322 meshing with a second driving gear 321, and a third driving gear 331 meshing with a third driven gear 332. The main shaft 24 is fixed in the main shaft housing 7 via a third tapered roller bearing 847, a radial ball bearing 848, a thrust ball bearing 851, a ring 852, and threaded connections. In one embodiment, the third driven gear 332 meshes with the third driving gear 331, forming a third stage of transmission.

[0033] In one embodiment, the vane oil pump 43 is connected to the housing 853 by fastening screws 45. The shaft end of the oil pump 43 is connected to a pump gear 44 via a third keyway 46, and the pump gear 44 meshes with a second driven gear 322 on the second transmission shaft 23. In one embodiment, the inlet of the vane oil pump 43 is connected to a first connecting pipe 854, and the outlet is connected to a second connecting pipe 856. It is connected upward to an oil distribution plate 857 via a copper pipe 855, and the oil distribution plate 857 is connected to an oil baffle plate 862 fixed in the upper cover 861. In one embodiment, the handle shaft 41 is connected to the housing 853 by two fourth tapered roller bearings 863, nuts, and washers. The handle shaft 41 has a handle gear 42 on its section, and both ends are positioned by a third bushing 47. The operating end of the handle shaft 41 has an oil-proof sleeve 87 connected to the front cover of the spindle box 7.

[0034] Further, please refer to Figures 1 to 13 As a specific embodiment of the machine tool provided by the present invention, the first gear set includes: a first driving gear 311 and a first driven gear 312; the first driving gear 311 is coaxially mounted on the power shaft 21; there are two first transmission shafts 22 and two first driven gears 312; the two first transmission shafts 22 and the two first driven gears 312 correspond one-to-one, and each first driven gear 312 is coaxially mounted on the corresponding first transmission shaft 22; the first driving gear 311 meshes with the two first driven gears 312 respectively; each first transmission shaft 22 drives at least one main shaft 24 to rotate. Thus, when the power shaft 21 transmits power downstream via the first gear set, it forms a parallel drive of the two first transmission shafts 22, enabling the multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism to complete the power distribution in the initial speed matching stage. This distribution feature makes the two first transmission shafts 22 two relatively independent transmission branches, thereby creating parallel conditions for subsequent speed matching of multiple main shafts 24 by the second gear set and the third gear set.

[0035] Further, please refer to Figures 1 to 13 In one specific embodiment of the machine tool provided by the present invention, there are two second drive shafts 23 and two second gear sets; the two first drive shafts 22, the two second gear sets, and the two second drive shafts 23 correspond one-to-one; there are four main shafts 24, and each second drive shaft 23 drives two main shafts 24 to rotate through a third gear set. Thus, after the power shaft 21 transmits power to the second drive shafts 23, each second drive shaft 23 further distributes the power to the two main shafts 24, facilitating the synchronous driving of multiple main shafts 24 by the power shaft 21.

[0036] Further, please refer to Figures 1 to 13As a specific embodiment of the machine tool provided by the present invention, the third gear set includes: a third driving gear 331 and a third driven gear 332; there are two third driving gears 331, each corresponding to one of the two second transmission shafts 23, with each third driving gear 331 coaxially mounted on its corresponding second transmission shaft 23; there are four third driven gears 332; each of the four main shafts 24 corresponds to one of the four third driven gears 332, with each third driven gear 332 coaxially mounted on its corresponding main shaft 24; each third driving gear 331 meshes with two third driven gears 332. Thus, each second transmission shaft 23 transmits torque and speed synchronously to the two meshing third driven gears 332 through the coaxial third driving gear 331, and each third driven gear 332 is coaxial with the two main shafts 24, thereby achieving a stable power output to the two main shafts 24 by dividing the power into two at each third gear set.

[0037] Further, please refer to Figures 1 to 13 As a specific embodiment of the machine tool provided by the present invention, it further includes: a handle shaft 41 and a handle gear 42; the handle shaft 41 is rotatably mounted on the lifting platform 12, and the handle gear 42 is coaxially mounted on the handle shaft 41; the handle gear 42 is connected to any second gear set for transmission (in one embodiment, the handle gear 42 is connected to the core of the second driving gear 321 or the second driven gear 322 of any second gear set). Thus, after the power provided by the power source 15 is removed, when the handle shaft 41 is rotated forward or backward, the gears in the second gear set can rotate forward or backward, and the gears in the second gear set can make the drill bit 25 rotate forward or backward during the forward or backward rotation process; when the power source 15 outputs power and drives the drill bit 25 to rotate, the handle gear 42 can idle.

[0038] Further, please refer to Figures 1 to 13 As a specific embodiment of the machine tool provided by the present invention, it further includes: an oil pump 43 and a pump gear 44; the pump gear 44 is coaxially mounted on the power input shaft of the oil pump 43; the pump gear 44 is connected to a multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism; the oil pump 43 injects lubricating oil into the space where the multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism is located. Thus, after the multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism transmits power to the oil pump 43, the oil pump 43 can pump lubricating oil to the multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism, facilitating lubrication of the multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism.

[0039] Further, please refer to Figures 1 to 13As a specific embodiment of the machine tool provided by the present invention, it further includes: an upper positioning frame 51, a lower positioning frame 52, and a first positioning pin 53; the lower positioning frame 52 is disposed on the worktable 14, and the upper positioning frame 51 is connected to the lifting platform 12; the first positioning pin 53 is vertically disposed on the lower positioning frame 52; the upper positioning frame 51 has a first positioning hole 521 that cooperates with the first positioning pin 53. Thus, as the upper positioning frame 51 moves downward with the lifting platform 12, the upper positioning frame 51 can cooperate with the first positioning pin 53 to improve the accuracy of the upper positioning frame 51 and the lifting platform 12.

[0040] Further, please refer to Figures 1 to 13 As a specific embodiment of the machine tool provided by the present invention, it further includes: a second positioning pin 54, a limiting plate 55, and a limiting nut 56; one end of the second positioning pin 54 is used to pass through the second positioning hole on the workpiece 6 and be installed on the lower positioning frame 52; the second positioning pin 54 has a positioning support surface for supporting the workpiece 6; the second positioning pin 54 has an annular step for being inserted into the second positioning hole and cooperating with the inner wall of the second positioning hole; the other end of the second positioning pin 54 has an external thread, and the limiting nut 56 is threadedly connected to the second positioning pin 54; the limiting plate 55 has a notch 551, and the limiting plate 55 is engaged with the second positioning pin 54 through the notch 551, and the limiting plate 55 is located between the limiting nut 56 and the lower positioning frame 52; a placement space for the workpiece 6 to be placed is formed between the limiting plate 55 and the lower positioning frame 52. In this way, workpiece 6 can be placed on the positioning support surface for surface positioning. After the annular step is inserted into the second positioning hole of workpiece 6, it can position workpiece 6 in the radial direction of the second positioning pin 54. Workpiece 6 can be clamped between the limiting plate 55 and the positioning support surface for positioning. The limiting plate 55 has a notch 551. The limiting plate 55 can be installed by locking it onto the second positioning pin 54 through the notch 551, which is very convenient.

[0041] Further, please refer to Figures 1 to 13 As a specific embodiment of the machine tool provided by the present invention, the upper positioning frame 51 includes: a first support 511, a second support 512, a slide rod 513, an elastic element 514, and a limiting element 515; the slide rod 513 is vertically arranged; the bottom end of the slide rod 513 is connected to the second support 512, and the top end of the slide rod 513 passes through a guide hole on the first support 511; the limiting element 515 is disposed on the top end of the slide rod 513; the first support 511 is located between the limiting element 515 and the second support 512; a first positioning hole 521 is formed on the second support 512; the elastic element 514 is clamped between the first support 511 and the second support 512. Thus, when the second support 512 contacts the lower positioning frame 52, the lifting platform 12 can continue to descend, and the first support 511 can slide along the slide rod 513 and compress the elastic element 514.

[0042] In one embodiment, the elastic element 514 is a column spring. In another embodiment, the column spring is sleeved on the slide rod 513.

[0043] In one embodiment, the device further includes a rotation limiting mechanism 57 disposed on the lower positioning frame 52 and used to prevent the workpiece 6 from rotating around the second positioning pin 54. Thus, the rotation limiting mechanism 57 can prevent the workpiece 6 from rotating around the second positioning pin 54.

[0044] In one embodiment, the second bracket 512 has a replaceable drill sleeve 881 and an intermediate sleeve 882 corresponding to the drilling position of the part, and together with the slide rod 513, the lug (i.e., the first bracket 511), and other components, it forms a movable upper positioning frame 51 connected to the spindle box 7. The third nut 883 and the third washer 885 fix the position of the lug, and the washer on the slide rod 513 presses down on a spring (i.e., an elastic element 514), the lower end of the spring contacting the third positioning pin 891. The second bracket 512 has through holes on both sides that connect to the lower end of the slide rod 513, and the upper third positioning pin 891, the handle 892, and the sleeve 893 form a component that locks the position of the second bracket 512 and the slide rod 513. In one embodiment, the lower positioning frame 52 has deep holes on both sides, and one end of the stepped second positioning pin 54 is tightly connected to the deep hole. The stepped part is bolted to the lower positioning frame 52 by a lower washer 886 and a fourth screw 887. Similarly, the positioning sleeve 890, which cooperates with the first positioning pin 53, is fixed on the second bracket 512 by the upper washer 888 and the fifth screw 889, and a plug 91 is added to the upper end of the first positioning hole 521 to prevent debris from blocking the connection hole.

[0045] In one embodiment, the lower positioning frame 52 has a symmetrical structure. The upper ends of both sides have first positioning holes 521 that engage with the first positioning pins 53. The center has a through hole for fixing the shaft of the second positioning pin 54 with threads and steps. The lower end of the second positioning pin 54 is connected to the lower positioning frame 52 by double fifth nuts 92 and fourth washers 93. The upper end of the shaft of the third positioning pin 891 is locked to the workpiece 6 to be processed by the hexagonal thick limit nut 56 and the limit plate 55. The rotation of the workpiece 6 is positioned by the T-shaped plate 894 and the support nail 895. The T-shaped plate 894 is fixed to the lower positioning frame 52 by the third screw 896.

[0046] In one embodiment, the traction cylinder tube seat is positioned on the lower positioning frame 52 using a two-pin positioning method. A stepped second positioning pin 54 is fastened to the lower positioning frame 52. The second positioning pin 54 passes through the center hole of the workpiece 6, and the bottom surface of the workpiece 6 engages with the stepped surface of the second positioning pin 54 to complete one-sided positioning. The upper section of the second positioning pin 54 is locked to the workpiece 6 by a limiting nut 56 and a limiting plate 55. The side is connected to the lower positioning frame 52 by screws, and the T-shaped plate 894 and support pin 895 are in contact with the side of the workpiece 6 to restrict the rotation of the workpiece 6. This completes the positioning and clamping of the workpiece 6.

[0047] In one embodiment, a suitable power motor is selected based on the machining process. A power box 83 of model 1TD400Ⅲ is chosen. The power box 83 uses a motor, model Y132S-6, and the 1TD400Ⅲ motor has a power of 3kW, which meets the requirements. In one embodiment, the machining requirement for the spindle 24 is a speed n=142, and the output shaft speed of the selected motor is N=480. The total transmission ratio i of this internal meshing fixed-axis gear train can then be obtained. 总 =142 / 480=1 / 3.375. Three pairs of gears with a transmission ratio of 1 / 1.5 each will meet the transmission requirements. 总 =1 / 3.375=1 / 1.5×1 / 1.5×1 / 1.5. In one embodiment, the force and torque of the power shaft 21 are transmitted to the main shaft 24 through two intermediate drive shafts, three pairs of meshing gears, etc., and after three stages of speed reduction. The entire transmission system is symmetrical from left to right. Considering the force conditions, tapered roller bearings are selected to support the shafts of each type of drive shaft, with a shaft diameter of 25mm. The second drive shaft 23 is a countersunk drive shaft with a journal diameter of 25mm. The main shaft 24 is selected with a diameter of 25mm and can be machined with four high-speed steel Morse taper shank twist drills to meet the accuracy requirements.

[0048] In one embodiment, four identical cutting tools are selected—high-speed steel Morse taper shank twist drills; a hydraulic slide of model 1HY40M is selected, along with a slide side base (model 811HYT40M), a column (model 1CL40M), a column side base 811CD401M, and an intermediate base 81 (length*width*height = 1000*630*630mm) adapted to the designed fixture.

[0049] In one embodiment, see Figure 14 The lower positioning frame 52 is fixed on the machine tool worktable 14 and is used to position and clamp the workpiece 6. The second support 512 has a replaceable drill sleeve 881 and an intermediate sleeve 882 for guiding the twist drill. Together with the slide rod 513, ear bracket and other components, it forms a movable second support 512 connected to the spindle box 7. The motor speed on the spindle box 7 is adjusted through gears to reach the required speed for machining and is transmitted to the four cutting tools (i.e., drill bits 25). Driven by the hydraulic slide, the spindle box 7 drives the movable second support 512 to move downward rapidly. The positioning hole on the second support 512 engages with the first positioning pin 53 fixed on the lower positioning frame 52. The spindle box 7 continues to move downward, the spring is compressed, and the drill bit 25 slowly feeds through the drill sleeve to complete the machining of the through hole. The hydraulic slide quickly retracts, causing the cutting tool to exit the workpiece 6, the limit nut 56 is loosened, the limit plate 55 is removed, and the part is taken out to complete the machining.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and substitutions should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A machine tool, characterized in that, include: Frame, lifting platform, lifting drive, workbench for placing workpieces, drill bit, multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism and power source; The lifting platform is slidably mounted on the frame in a liftable manner; the lifting driver is used to drive the lifting platform to move up and down; The number of drill bits is multiple; the multiple drill bits are rotatably mounted on the lifting platform; the power source drives the multiple drill bits to rotate simultaneously through the multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism; the rotation axes of the multiple drill bits are respectively vertically arranged.

2. The machine tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism includes: a power shaft, a first transmission shaft, a second transmission shaft, a main shaft, a first gear set, a second gear set, and a third gear set; the power shaft drives the first transmission shaft to rotate via the first gear set, the first transmission shaft drives the second transmission shaft to rotate via the second gear set, and the second transmission shaft drives the main shaft to rotate via the third gear set; the rotational speeds of the power shaft, the first transmission shaft, the second transmission shaft, and the main shaft decrease sequentially; there are multiple main shafts, and each main shaft corresponds to a specific drill bit; each drill bit is coaxially mounted on its corresponding main shaft.

3. The machine tool as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first gear set includes: a first driving gear and a first driven gear; the first driving gear is coaxially disposed on the power shaft; there are two first transmission shafts and two first driven gears; the two first transmission shafts and the two first driven gears correspond one-to-one, and each first driven gear is coaxially disposed on the corresponding first transmission shaft; the first driving gear meshes with the two first driven gears respectively; each first transmission shaft drives at least one of the main shafts to rotate.

4. The machine tool as described in claim 3, characterized in that, There are two second drive shafts and two second gear sets; the two first drive shafts, the two second gear sets, and the two second drive shafts correspond one-to-one; there are four main shafts, and each second drive shaft drives two main shafts to rotate through the third gear set.

5. The machine tool as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The third gear set includes: a third driving gear and a third driven gear; there are two third driving gears, each corresponding to one of the two second transmission shafts, with each third driving gear coaxially mounted on its corresponding second transmission shaft; there are four third driven gears; each of the four main shafts corresponds to one of the four third driven gears, with each third driven gear coaxially mounted on its corresponding main shaft; each third driving gear meshes with one of the two third driven gears.

6. The machine tool as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: A handle shaft and a handle gear; the handle shaft is rotatably mounted on the lifting platform, and the handle gear is coaxially mounted on the handle shaft; the handle gear is connected to any of the second gear sets for transmission.

7. The machine tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: An oil pump and a pump gear; the pump gear is coaxially mounted on the power input shaft of the oil pump; the pump gear is connected to the multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism; the oil pump pumps lubricating oil into the space where the multi-stage reduction transmission mechanism is located.

8. The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Also includes: The system comprises an upper positioning frame, a lower positioning frame, and a first positioning pin; the lower positioning frame is disposed on the worktable, and the upper positioning frame is connected to the lifting platform; the first positioning pin is vertically disposed on the lower positioning frame; the upper positioning frame has a first positioning hole that mates with the first positioning pin.

9. The machine tool as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: Second positioning pin, limit plate, and limit nut; One end of the second positioning pin is used to pass through the second positioning hole on the workpiece and be mounted on the lower positioning frame; The second positioning pin has a positioning support surface for supporting the workpiece; the second positioning pin has an annular step for being inserted into the second positioning hole and cooperating with the inner wall of the second positioning hole; the other end of the second positioning pin has an external thread, and the limiting nut is threadedly connected to the second positioning pin; the limiting plate has a notch, and the limiting plate is engaged with the second positioning pin through the notch, and the limiting plate is located between the limiting nut and the lower positioning frame; a placement space for placing the workpiece is formed between the limiting plate and the lower positioning frame.

10. The machine tool as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The upper positioning frame includes: a first bracket, a second bracket, a slide rod, an elastic element, and a limiting element; the slide rod is vertically arranged; the bottom end of the slide rod is connected to the second bracket, and the top end of the slide rod passes through a guide hole on the first bracket; the limiting element is disposed on the top end of the slide rod; the first bracket is located between the limiting element and the second bracket; the first positioning hole is formed in the second bracket; the elastic element is clamped between the first bracket and the second bracket; and / or It also includes a rotation limiting mechanism disposed on the lower positioning frame and used to prevent the workpiece from rotating around the second positioning pin.

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