Stable apple swelling fertilizer containing polymeric phosphorus and application of stable apple swelling fertilizer
By using apple-stabilized fertilizer containing polymeric phosphorus, the problems of nitrogen leaching and insufficient phosphorus supply during the apple fruit expansion period are solved, achieving the dual effects of improving fruit quality and protecting the environment.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-03
AI Technical Summary
During the fruit expansion period of apples, nitrogen leaching loss is severe, and phosphorus is difficult to supply efficiently, leading to a decline in fruit quality and the risk of environmental pollution. Existing fertilization strategies have failed to effectively meet the needs of fruit expansion.
This apple-stabilized fruit-expanding fertilizer uses polymeric phosphorus and contains urea, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, citrate-soluble phosphate fertilizer, polymeric phosphorus, potassium humate, nitrification inhibitors, and other ingredients to form a 'fast-acting + medium-acting + long-acting' nutrient supply, reducing nitrogen leaching loss and improving phosphorus utilization efficiency.
It increases the leaf area index and chlorophyll content of apple trees, promotes the weight of individual fruits and the accumulation of soluble solids, improves apple quality, and reduces the risk of environmental pollution.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fertilizers, specifically relating to a stable apple fruit-expanding fertilizer containing polymeric phosphorus and its application. Background Technology
[0002] Apples, as my country's largest fruit crop, are a pillar industry for economic development and farmers' income in major producing areas. However, the long-standing cultivation philosophy of "weight over quality" has hindered the industry's sustainable development. Scientific fertilization is crucial for ensuring the growth and development of fruit trees and improving fruit quality and yield, but the excessive fertilization in recent years has not only failed to increase yield and improve quality but has also restricted the high-quality development of fruit tree cultivation. The fruit enlargement period is the core stage of apple development, with a high demand for nutrients, but indiscriminate fertilization easily leads to a decline in quality. Crucially, this period coincides with the high-temperature and concentrated rainfall season from June to August, during which nitrogen fertilizer is easily leached away as nitrate nitrogen. This not only fails to meet the stable nitrogen requirements for fruit enlargement, affecting yield and quality formation, but also exacerbates the risk of environmental pollution. Phosphorus is the energy substance for apple enlargement and sweetening, but apple root density is limited, making it difficult to efficiently capture orthophosphate in the soil. Furthermore, orthophosphate is easily fixed in calcareous soils; phosphorus deficiency in apples manifests as small fruit size and reduced flavor, severely restricting the development of apple cultivation. Therefore, exploring efficient and scientific fertilization strategies during the apple fruit expansion period to achieve "quality improvement and efficiency enhancement" has become a pressing issue in modern agriculture. Summary of the Invention
[0003] This invention provides a stable apple fruit-enlarging fertilizer containing polymerized phosphorus and its preparation method. The specific technical solution is as follows: An apple-stabilizing fruit-expanding fertilizer containing polymeric phosphorus comprises the following components by weight: 10-15 parts urea, 30-35 parts potassium sulfate, 8-12 parts potassium nitrate, 6-8 parts water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, 6-8 parts citrate-soluble phosphate fertilizer, 6-8 parts polymeric phosphorus, 4-7 parts potassium humate, 2-3 parts nitrification inhibitor (DMPP), 1-2 parts magnesium sulfate, and 1-2 parts boric acid.
[0004] The water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is one or more of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, or diammonium hydrogen phosphate; preferably potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
[0005] The phosphate fertilizer is one or both of calcium magnesium phosphate or calcium metaphosphate; preferably, it is calcium magnesium phosphate.
[0006] The polymerized phosphorus is one or both of ammonium polyphosphate or potassium polyphosphate; preferably ammonium polyphosphate, and its degree of polymerization n is preferably 3-10.
[0007] Preferably, the apple stable fruit-expanding fertilizer containing polymeric phosphorus comprises the following components by weight: 10-12 parts urea, 33-35 parts potassium sulfate, 10-12 parts potassium nitrate, 6-7 parts water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, 6-7 parts citrate-soluble phosphate fertilizer, 6-7 parts polymeric phosphorus, 5-7 parts potassium humate, 2-3 parts nitrification inhibitor (DMPP), 1-2 parts magnesium sulfate, and 1-2 parts boric acid.
[0008] More preferably, the apple stable fruit-expanding fertilizer containing polymeric phosphorus comprises the following components by weight: 10 parts urea, 35 parts potassium sulfate, 12 parts potassium nitrate, 6 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6 parts calcium magnesium phosphate, 6 parts ammonium phosphate, 5 parts potassium humate, 3 parts nitrification inhibitor (DMPP), 2 parts magnesium sulfate, and 1 part boric acid.
[0009] The apple-stabilizing fruit-expanding fertilizer containing polymerized phosphorus described in this invention is used to improve the biological traits of apple trees. In particular, it is used to increase the weight of individual apple fruits, the glutamate ratio of apples, the chlorophyll content of apple leaves, and the leaf area.
[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The fruit expansion period of apples is a critical period for the rapid expansion of fruit cell volume and the accumulation of dry matter. The fruit expansion fertilizer prepared using this invention can effectively increase the leaf area index and chlorophyll content of apple trees, effectively promote leaf development and enhance their physiological functions; thereby effectively increasing the single fruit weight, soluble solids, and the acid-to-solid ratio, and improving the quality of apples. Detailed Implementation
[0011] The present invention can be better understood from the following embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the descriptions in the embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and should not, and will not, limit the scope of the invention as detailed in the claims. Example 1: Effects of fruit-enlarging fertilizer on the biological traits of apples Experimental location: Apple orchard. Five-year-old fruit trees, with a spacing of 2 m × 4 m. The soil was loam, with an organic matter content of 11.4 g / kg, total nitrogen of 0.78 g / kg, available phosphorus of 28.05 mg / kg, available potassium of 151.90 mg / kg, and pH of 5.5.
[0012] Experimental fertilizer: T1 contains the following components by weight: 10 parts urea, 35 parts potassium sulfate, 12 parts potassium nitrate, 6 parts water-soluble phosphate fertilizer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate), 6 parts citrate-soluble phosphate fertilizer (calcium magnesium phosphate), 6 parts polymeric phosphorus (ammonium polyphosphate), 5 parts potassium humate, 3 parts nitrification inhibitor (DMPP), 2 parts magnesium sulfate, and 1 part boric acid. T2 contains the following components by weight: 10 parts urea, 35 parts potassium sulfate, 12 parts potassium nitrate, 18 parts water-soluble phosphate fertilizer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate), 5 parts potassium humate, 3 parts nitrification inhibitor (DMPP), 2 parts magnesium sulfate, and 1 part boric acid. T3: Contains the following components by weight: 10 parts urea, 35 parts potassium sulfate, 12 parts potassium nitrate, 18 parts polymeric phosphorus (ammonium polyphosphate), 5 parts potassium humate, 3 parts nitration inhibitor (DMPP), 2 parts magnesium sulfate, and 1 part boric acid. T4 contains the following components by weight: 10 parts urea, 35 parts potassium sulfate, 12 parts potassium nitrate, 6 parts water-soluble phosphate fertilizer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate), 12 parts polymeric phosphorus (ammonium polyphosphate), 5 parts potassium humate, 3 parts nitrification inhibitor (DMPP), 2 parts magnesium sulfate, and 1 part boric acid. T5 contains the following components by weight: 10 parts urea, 35 parts potassium sulfate, 12 parts potassium nitrate, 6 parts water-soluble phosphate fertilizer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate), 12 parts citrate-soluble phosphate fertilizer (calcium magnesium phosphate), 5 parts potassium humate, 3 parts nitrification inhibitor (DMPP), 2 parts magnesium sulfate, and 1 part boric acid. T6 contains the following components by weight: 10 parts urea, 35 parts potassium sulfate, 12 parts potassium nitrate, 6 parts water-soluble phosphate fertilizer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate), 6 parts citrate-soluble phosphate fertilizer (calcium magnesium phosphate), 6 parts polymeric phosphorus (ammonium polyphosphate), 3 parts nitrification inhibitor (DMPP), 2 parts magnesium sulfate, and 1 part boric acid. Test method: Seventy apple trees with similar growth vigor and free from pests and diseases were selected and divided into six treatments and one control. All treatments underwent the same initial field management. For treatments T1 and T3-T6, fertilizer was applied in equal amounts at the early stage of fruit expansion, 0.8 kg per tree. For treatment T2, fertilizer was applied twice, once at the early stage and once during the middle stage of fruit expansion, 0.4 kg per tree each time. The control group (CK) received 0.8 kg of commonly used compound fertilizer at the early stage of fruit expansion. The fertilization method involved digging a trench approximately 20 cm deep and wide, 50 cm from the central trunk, evenly spreading the fertilizer into the trench, and then covering it with soil.
[0013] Test methods Leaf sample testing During the fruit ripening period, 10 functional leaves from each of the four locations on the new shoots of each tree were randomly selected, and the chlorophyll content and leaf area were measured. Leaf area was measured using a leaf area meter, and chlorophyll content was measured using a chlorophyll meter. Quality Measurement Fruits were randomly collected from the middle and outer parts of the tree at four different locations during the fruit ripening period, with 30 apples collected from each treatment. The average single fruit weight, soluble solids, and titratable acid were measured. The yield per tree was also measured. The single fruit weight was measured using a 1% electronic balance, the soluble solids were measured using a handheld refractometer, and the titratable acid content was determined using an acid-base neutralization titration method.
[0014] Test Results Table 1: Effects of different fertilization treatments on leaf area and chlorophyll content of apple leaves
[0015] As shown in Table 1, compared with the control (CK), all fertilization treatments increased the leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll content of apple trees to varying degrees. Among them, the T1 treatment had the most significant effect, indicating that the formula can effectively promote leaf development and enhance its physiological functions.
[0016] Table 2: Effects of different treatments on fruit yield and quality
[0017] Compared with the control (CK), treatments T1-T6 significantly increased the single fruit weight, with treatment T1 showing the most significant effect. Compared with the control (CK), treatments T1-T6 significantly increased the soluble solids content of the fruit, with treatment T1 showing the greatest increase. The flavor profile of each treatment depends not only on the soluble solids (mainly sugar) and acid content, but also on the sugar-acid ratio; a higher sugar-acid ratio in apples resulted in better flavor.
[0018] In summary, the T1 formula utilizes water-soluble phosphorus (fast-acting), citrate-soluble phosphorus (slow-acting), and polymeric phosphorus (long-lasting, chelating micronutrients). This combination of "fast-acting + medium-acting + long-lasting" ensures a continuous supply of nutrients during the fruit expansion period. In the early stages of fruit expansion, water-soluble phosphorus is rapidly released to meet the urgent needs of rapid cell division and expansion in the fruit. In the middle stages, as the effectiveness of water-soluble phosphorus weakens, polymeric phosphorus begins to hydrolyze and supply phosphorus, forming a stable supply stream together with citrate-soluble phosphorus to support continuous fruit expansion and dry matter accumulation. Furthermore, throughout the entire fruit expansion period, nitrification inhibitors play a crucial role, effectively reducing nitrogen leaching losses and ensuring a stable and long-lasting nitrogen supply. Polymeric phosphorus continuously exerts its chelating effect, effectively chelating elements such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, and manganese, preventing them from being fixed by the soil. This makes these elements, crucial for apple quality, easier for the roots to absorb, providing comprehensive nutritional support for the formation of fruit quality (solid-acid ratio, single fruit weight).
[0019] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, appropriate improvements can be made without departing from the original material of the present invention, and these improvements are also within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A stable apple fruit-expanding fertilizer containing polymeric phosphorus, characterized in that, It contains the following components by weight: 10-15 parts urea, 30-35 parts potassium sulfate, 8-12 parts potassium nitrate, 6-8 parts water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, 6-8 parts citrate-soluble phosphate fertilizer, 6-8 parts polymeric phosphorus, 4-7 parts potassium humate, 2-3 parts nitrification inhibitor (DMPP), 1-2 parts magnesium sulfate, and 1-2 parts boric acid.
2. The apple-stabilizing fruit-expanding fertilizer containing polymerized phosphorus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is one or more of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, or diammonium hydrogen phosphate; the citrate-soluble phosphate fertilizer is one or two of calcium magnesium phosphate or calcium metaphosphate; and the polymeric phosphorus is one or two of ammonium polyphosphate or potassium polyphosphate.
3. The apple-stabilized fruit-expanding fertilizer containing polymerized phosphorus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the citrate-soluble phosphate fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; and the polymerized phosphorus is ammonium polyphosphate.
4. The apple-stabilized fruit-expanding fertilizer containing polymeric phosphorus according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, 10-12 parts urea, 33-35 parts potassium sulfate, 10-12 parts potassium nitrate, 6-7 parts water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, 6-7 parts citrate-soluble phosphate fertilizer, 6-7 parts polymeric phosphorus, 5-7 parts potassium humate, 2-3 parts nitrification inhibitor (DMPP), 1-2 parts magnesium sulfate, and 1-2 parts boric acid.
5. The apple-stabilizing fruit-expanding fertilizer containing polymerized phosphorus according to claim 4, characterized in that, 10 parts urea, 35 parts potassium sulfate, 12 parts potassium nitrate, 6 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6 parts calcium magnesium phosphate, 6 parts ammonium phosphate, 5 parts potassium humate, 3 parts nitrification inhibitor (DMPP), 2 parts magnesium sulfate, and 1 part boric acid.
6. The use of the apple stable fruit-expanding fertilizer containing polymeric phosphorus according to any one of claims 1-5 for improving the biological traits of apple trees.
7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that, It is used to increase the weight of a single apple, the glutamate ratio of apples, the chlorophyll content of apple leaves, and the leaf area.