Ship lock structure and method for fast passing of ships in medium and small rivers through dam
By setting up multi-channel lock structures and hydraulic control systems on both sides of the dam, the problem of discontinuous navigation of ships on small and medium-sized rivers has been solved, enabling efficient, safe, and low-cost rapid passage of ships through the dam.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-03
AI Technical Summary
The presence of dams on small and medium-sized rivers leads to discontinuous navigable distances, affecting the navigation needs of ships, and there is an urgent need to install lock structures for rapid passage.
A lock structure for fast passage of small and medium-sized river vessels is set on the left and/or right sides of the dam. It includes a left concrete wall, a first passageway, hydraulic structures, a second passageway, and a right concrete wall. It is equipped with multiple horizontal sliding gates and gates. The opening and closing of the gates are controlled by hydraulic cylinders, and safe passage is ensured in conjunction with traffic lights.
It improves the efficiency of ships passing through the dam, reduces water flow, lowers construction and maintenance costs, and ensures the safe and rapid passage of ships.
Smart Images
Figure CN121781567A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, specifically relating to a structure and method for fast passage of vessels through dam locks on small and medium-sized rivers. Background Technology
[0002] To promote the high-quality development of inland waterway transportation, the Ministry of Transport issued the "Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transportation" in 2020, proposing that by 2035, a modern inland waterway transportation system that is satisfactory to the people, provides strong guarantees, and ranks among the world's best will be basically established.
[0003] Currently, many small and medium-sized rivers in China have dams (rubber dams). These dams create significant drops in elevation between their upstream and downstream sections, but the dams' impounding capacity prevents the formation of a continuous, effectively navigable waterway, thus restricting the flow of vessels on these rivers. Therefore, it is urgent to install locks at dam locations suitable for rapid passage. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a scientifically sound, safe, reliable, low-investment, and highly efficient structure and method for vessels to quickly pass through dam locks on small and medium-sized rivers.
[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a ship lock structure for rapid passage of vessels through dams in small and medium-sized rivers, located on the left and / or right side of the dam, including a left concrete wall, a first ship passage, a hydraulic structure, a second ship passage, and a right concrete wall arranged sequentially from left to right. The first ship passage is provided with a first upper horizontal sliding gate and a first lower horizontal sliding gate upstream and downstream, respectively. The first upper horizontal sliding gate is provided with a first inlet gate in the lower middle part, and the first lower horizontal sliding gate is provided with a first outlet gate in the lower middle part. The second ship passage is provided with a second upper horizontal sliding gate and a second lower horizontal sliding gate upstream and downstream, respectively. The second upper horizontal sliding gate is provided with a second inlet gate in the lower middle part, and the second lower horizontal sliding gate is provided with a second outlet gate in the lower middle part.
[0006] The bottom of the first upper horizontal sliding gate, the first lower horizontal sliding gate, the second upper horizontal sliding gate, and the second lower horizontal sliding gate are all equipped with supporting rollers. The bottom of the first ship passageway is equipped with first slide rails that provide sliding guidance to the supporting rollers at the bottom of the first upper horizontal sliding gate and the first lower horizontal sliding gate, respectively. The bottom of the second ship passageway is equipped with second slide rails that provide sliding guidance to the supporting rollers at the bottom of the second upper horizontal sliding gate and the second lower horizontal sliding gate, respectively. Each horizontal sliding gate is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder arranged horizontally in the left-right direction at its top. The cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the hydraulic structure. The hydraulic structure has four rectangular chambers that respectively accommodate the first upper horizontal sliding gate, the first lower horizontal sliding gate, the second upper horizontal sliding gate, and the second lower horizontal sliding gate. The right side of the left concrete wall has reserved first limiting gate slots corresponding to the left and right sides of the first upper horizontal sliding gate and the first lower horizontal sliding gate, respectively. The left side of the right concrete wall has reserved second limiting gate slots corresponding to the left and right sides of the second upper horizontal sliding gate and the second lower horizontal sliding gate, respectively.
[0007] The opening and closing of the first inlet gate, the first outlet gate, the second inlet gate, and the second outlet gate are all controlled by screw hoists installed at the top.
[0008] A control room is located in the middle of the top of the hydraulic structure, and red and green signal lights are installed on both the upstream and downstream sides of the top of the hydraulic structure.
[0009] The method for vessels to pass quickly through the locks of small and medium-sized rivers is based on the lock structure for vessels to pass quickly through the locks of small and medium-sized rivers. It includes two modes: (1) downstream vessels pass through the locks upstream; (2) upstream vessels pass through the locks downstream; (3) downstream vessels pass through the locks upstream and upstream vessels pass through the locks downstream at the same time.
[0010] Taking the passage of a ship through the first passageway as an example, the specific steps of mode (1) are as follows: S1-1. Open the first lower horizontal gate. At this time, the first upper horizontal gate, the first inlet gate, and the first outlet gate are all closed. S1-2. The water in the first passageway flows to the downstream side. After the water level in the first passageway is the same as the water level on the downstream side, the boats on the downstream side enter the first passageway. S1-3, Close the first lower horizontal sliding gate; S1-4. Open the first inlet gate, and the upstream water flows into the first ship passage, causing the water level in the first ship passage to rise. S1-5. After the water level in the first passageway is the same as the water level on the upstream side, open the first upper horizontal gate. S1-6, The vessel exits the first passageway to the upstream side; If another vessel approaches from downstream while a vessel is passing through the first passageway, proceed through the second passageway following the steps described above.
[0011] Taking the passage of a ship through the first passageway as an example, the specific steps of mode (2) are as follows: S2-1. Open the first upper horizontal sliding gate. At this time, the first lower horizontal sliding gate, the first inlet gate, and the first outlet gate are all closed. S2-2. Water from the upstream side flows into the first passageway. Once the water level in the first passageway is the same as the water level on the upstream side, the boats on the upstream side enter the first passageway. S2-3. Close the first upper horizontal sliding gate; S2-4. Open the first spillway gate, and the water in the first ship passage will flow out, causing the water level in the first ship passage to drop. S2-5. After the water level in the first ship passage is the same as the water level on the downstream side, open the first lower horizontal gate. S2-6, The vessel exits the first passageway to the downstream side.
[0012] If another vessel approaches from upstream while a vessel is passing through the first passageway, proceed through the second passageway following the steps outlined above.
[0013] Taking the passage of a ship through the first passageway as an example, mode (3) has the following situations: If a vessel on the upstream side passes through the lock first, the vessel on the upstream side proceeds according to mode (2) until a vessel on the upstream side sails from the upstream side through the first passage channel to the downstream side. At this time, the water level in the first passage channel is the same as that on the downstream side. The downstream vessel sailing upstream immediately sails to the first passage channel and then operates according to S1-3 to S1-6 of mode (1). According to the above lock passage method, the "down and up" operation is repeated. When two vessels pass through, only one water needs to be released into the passage channel, which improves the efficiency of passing through the dam. If a downstream vessel passes through the lock first, the downstream vessel proceeds according to mode (1) until a downstream vessel sails from the downstream side through the first passageway to the upstream side. At this time, the water level in the first passageway is the same as that on the upstream side. The upstream vessel sailing downstream immediately sails to the first passageway and then operates according to S2-3 to S2-6 of mode (2). According to the above lock passage method, the "one up and one down" operation is repeated. When two vessels pass through, only one water needs to be released into the passageway, which improves the efficiency of passing through the dam. If there are many vessels on the upstream and downstream sides, proceed through the second passageway using the two procedures described above.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages by adopting the above technical solution: (1) A small lock is set up on the left and / or right side of the dam. The lock has two passageways, and two ships can pass through at one time when water is released from the upstream side. This not only reduces excessive water loss from the upstream side, but also improves the efficiency of passing through the dam. In addition, it has the advantages of convenient water level adjustment, strong applicability and low maintenance cost.
[0015] (2) The four horizontal sliding gates of the two ship passages share a single hydraulic structure, which has the advantages of compact structure and low construction cost.
[0016] (3) Each upper horizontal gate is equipped with a small gate (inlet gate and outlet gate) in the lower part. This makes the water flow more stable and the fluctuations smaller when water is introduced or injected into the passageway, reducing the large swaying of the ship when the water level rises or falls. (4) Set up a dispatch room and red and green signal lights on the hydraulic structure to ensure orderly, safe and fast passage through the lock when there are many ships passing by. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention located on one side of the dam; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the first lower horizontal sliding gate 8; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the plan structure of the first lower horizontal sliding gate 8; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Top view; Figure 6 yes Figure 4 BB section view. Detailed Implementation
[0018] like Figures 1-6 As shown, the lock structure for rapid passage of small and medium-sized river vessels through the dam of the present invention is located on the left and / or right side of the dam 1, including a left concrete wall 2, a first passageway 3, a hydraulic structure 4, a second passageway 5 and a right concrete wall 6 arranged sequentially from left to right. The first passageway 3 is provided with a first upper horizontal gate 7 and a first lower horizontal gate 8 upstream and downstream, respectively. The first upper horizontal gate 7 is provided with a first inlet gate 9 in the lower middle part, and the first lower horizontal gate 8 is provided with a first outlet gate 10 in the lower middle part. The second passageway 5 is provided with a second upper horizontal gate 11 and a second lower horizontal gate 12 upstream and downstream, respectively. The second upper horizontal gate 11 is provided with a second inlet gate in the lower middle part, and the second lower horizontal gate 12 is provided with a second outlet gate 14 in the lower middle part.
[0019] The first upper horizontal sliding gate 7, the first lower horizontal sliding gate 8, the second upper horizontal sliding gate 11, and the second lower horizontal sliding gate 12 all have the same structure and dimensions.
[0020] The bottom of the first upper horizontal sliding gate 7, the first lower horizontal sliding gate 8, the second upper horizontal sliding gate 11, and the second lower horizontal sliding gate 12 are all equipped with supporting rollers 15. The bottom of the first ship passage 3 is equipped with a first slide rail that slides and guides the supporting rollers 15 at the bottom of the first upper horizontal sliding gate 7 and the first lower horizontal sliding gate 8, respectively. The bottom of the second ship passage 5 is equipped with a second slide rail that slides and guides the supporting rollers 15 at the bottom of the second upper horizontal sliding gate 11 and the second lower horizontal sliding gate 12, respectively. Each horizontal sliding gate 12 is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder 16 arranged horizontally in the left-right direction at its top. The cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 16 is connected to the hydraulic structure 4. The hydraulic structure 4 is equipped with four rectangular chambers 17 that respectively accommodate the first upper horizontal sliding gate 7, the first lower horizontal sliding gate 8, the second upper horizontal sliding gate 11, and the second lower horizontal sliding gate 12. The right side of the left concrete wall 2 is reserved with first limiting gate slots 18 corresponding to the left and right sides of the first upper horizontal sliding gate 7 and the first lower horizontal sliding gate 8, respectively. The left side of the right concrete wall 6 is reserved with second limiting gate slots 19 corresponding to the left and right sides of the second upper horizontal sliding gate 11 and the second lower horizontal sliding gate 12, respectively.
[0021] The opening and closing of the first inlet gate 9, the first outlet gate 10, the second inlet gate, and the second outlet gate 14 are all controlled by a screw hoist 20 installed at the top.
[0022] A control room 21 is located at the middle of the top of the hydraulic structure 4, and red and green signal lights 22 are installed on both the upstream and downstream sides of the top of the hydraulic structure 4.
[0023] The method for vessels to pass quickly through the locks of small and medium-sized rivers is based on the lock structure for vessels to pass quickly through the locks of small and medium-sized rivers. It includes two modes: (1) downstream vessels pass through the locks upstream; (2) upstream vessels pass through the locks downstream; (3) downstream vessels pass through the locks upstream and upstream vessels pass through the locks downstream at the same time.
[0024] Taking the passage of a ship through the first ship passage 3 as an example, the specific steps of mode (1) are as follows: S1-1. Open the first lower horizontal pull gate 8. At this time, the first upper horizontal pull gate 7, the first inlet gate 9 and the first outlet gate 10 are all closed. S1-2, The water in the first passageway 3 flows to the downstream side. After the water level in the first passageway 3 is the same as the water level on the downstream side, the boats on the downstream side enter the first passageway 3. S1-3, Close the first lower horizontal sliding gate 8; S1-4. Open the first inlet gate 9, and the upstream water flows into the first ship passage 3, causing the water level in the first ship passage 3 to rise. S1-5. After the water level in the first ship passage 3 is the same as the water level on the upstream side, open the first upper horizontal sliding gate 7. S1-6, The vessel exits the first passageway 3 to the upstream side; If another vessel approaches from downstream while a vessel is passing through the first passageway 3, proceed through the second passageway 5 following the steps described above.
[0025] Taking the passage of a ship through the first passageway 3 as an example, the specific steps of mode (2) are as follows: S2-1. Open the first upper horizontal sliding gate 7. At this time, the first lower horizontal sliding gate 8, the first inlet gate 9 and the first outlet gate 10 are all closed. S2-2. Water from the upstream side flows into the first passageway 3. Once the water level in the first passageway 3 is the same as the water level on the upstream side, the boats on the upstream side enter the first passageway 3. S2-3, Close the first upper horizontal sliding gate 7; S2-4. Open the first spillway gate 10, and the water in the first ship passage 3 flows out, causing the water level in the first ship passage 3 to drop. S2-5. After the water level in the first ship passage 3 is the same as the water level on the downstream side, open the first lower horizontal gate 8. S2-6, The ship sails out of the first passageway 3 to the downstream side.
[0026] If another vessel approaches from upstream while a vessel is passing through the first passageway 3, proceed through the second passageway 5 following the steps described above.
[0027] Taking the passage of a ship through the first passageway 3 as an example, mode (3) has the following situations: If a vessel on the upstream side passes through the lock first, the vessel on the upstream side proceeds according to mode (2) until a vessel on the upstream side sails from the upstream side through the first passage channel 3 to the downstream side. At this time, the water level in the first passage channel 3 is the same as that on the downstream side. The downstream vessel sailing upstream immediately sails to the first passage channel 3 and then operates according to S1-3 to S1-6 of mode (1). According to the above lock passage method, the "down and up" operation is repeated in a cycle. When two vessels pass through, only one water needs to be released into the passage channel, which improves the efficiency of passing through the dam. If a downstream vessel passes through the lock first, the downstream vessel proceeds according to mode (1) until a downstream vessel sails from the downstream side through the first passage channel 3 to the upstream side. At this time, the water level in the first passage channel 3 is the same as that on the upstream side. The upstream vessel sailing downstream immediately sails to the first passage channel 3 and then operates according to S2-3 to S2-6 of mode (2). According to the above lock passage method, the "one up and one down" operation is repeated. When two vessels pass through, only one water needs to be released into the passage channel, which improves the efficiency of passing through the dam. If there are many vessels on the upstream and downstream sides, proceed through the second passageway 5 according to the two procedures described above.
[0028] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A lock structure for rapid passage of vessels through dams on small and medium-sized rivers, located on the left and / or right side of the dam, characterized in that: The structure includes, from left to right, a left concrete wall, a first ship passage, a hydraulic structure, a second ship passage, and a right concrete wall. The first ship passage is equipped with a first upper horizontal sliding gate and a first lower horizontal sliding gate upstream and downstream, respectively. The first upper horizontal sliding gate has a first intake gate in its lower middle part, and the first lower horizontal sliding gate has a first discharge gate in its lower middle part. The second ship passage is equipped with a second upper horizontal sliding gate and a second lower horizontal sliding gate upstream and downstream, respectively. The second upper horizontal sliding gate has a second intake gate in its lower middle part, and the second lower horizontal sliding gate has a second discharge gate in its lower middle part.
2. The lock structure for rapid passage of vessels through dams on small and medium-sized rivers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the first upper horizontal sliding gate, the first lower horizontal sliding gate, the second upper horizontal sliding gate, and the second lower horizontal sliding gate are all equipped with supporting rollers. The bottom of the first ship passageway is equipped with first slide rails that provide sliding guidance to the supporting rollers at the bottom of the first upper horizontal sliding gate and the first lower horizontal sliding gate, respectively. The bottom of the second ship passageway is equipped with second slide rails that provide sliding guidance to the supporting rollers at the bottom of the second upper horizontal sliding gate and the second lower horizontal sliding gate, respectively. Each horizontal sliding gate is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder arranged horizontally in the left-right direction at its top. The cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the hydraulic structure. The hydraulic structure has four rectangular chambers that respectively accommodate the first upper horizontal sliding gate, the first lower horizontal sliding gate, the second upper horizontal sliding gate, and the second lower horizontal sliding gate. The right side of the left concrete wall has reserved first limiting gate slots corresponding to the left and right sides of the first upper horizontal sliding gate and the first lower horizontal sliding gate, respectively. The left side of the right concrete wall has reserved second limiting gate slots corresponding to the left and right sides of the second upper horizontal sliding gate and the second lower horizontal sliding gate, respectively.
3. The lock structure for rapid passage of vessels through dams on small and medium-sized rivers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening and closing of the first inlet gate, the first outlet gate, the second inlet gate, and the second outlet gate are all controlled by screw hoists installed at the top.
4. The lock structure for rapid passage of vessels through dams on small and medium-sized rivers according to claim 1, characterized in that: A control room is located in the middle of the top of the hydraulic structure, and red and green signal lights are installed on both the upstream and downstream sides of the top of the hydraulic structure.
5. A method for rapid passage of vessels through dam locks on small and medium-sized rivers, implemented based on the structure of the rapid passage of vessels through dam locks on small and medium-sized rivers as described in claim 4, characterized in that: There are two modes: (1) downstream vessels pass through the lock upwards; (2) upstream vessels pass through the lock downwards; (3) downstream vessels pass through the lock upwards and upstream vessels pass through the lock downwards simultaneously.
6. The lock structure for rapid passage of vessels through dams on small and medium-sized rivers according to claim 5, characterized in that: Taking the passage of a ship through the first passageway as an example, the specific steps of mode (1) are as follows: S1-1. Open the first lower horizontal gate. At this time, the first upper horizontal gate, the first inlet gate, and the first outlet gate are all closed. S1-2. The water in the first passageway flows to the downstream side. After the water level in the first passageway is the same as the water level on the downstream side, the boats on the downstream side enter the first passageway. S1-3, Close the first lower horizontal sliding gate; S1-4. Open the first inlet gate, and the upstream water flows into the first ship passage, causing the water level in the first ship passage to rise. S1-5. After the water level in the first passageway is the same as the water level on the upstream side, open the first upper horizontal gate. S1-6, The vessel exits the first passageway to the upstream side; If another vessel approaches from downstream while a vessel is passing through the first passageway, proceed through the second passageway following the steps described above.
7. The lock structure for rapid passage of vessels through dams on small and medium-sized rivers according to claim 5, characterized in that: Taking the passage of a ship through the first passageway as an example, the specific steps of mode (2) are as follows: S2-1. Open the first upper horizontal sliding gate. At this time, the first lower horizontal sliding gate, the first inlet gate, and the first outlet gate are all closed. S2-2. Water from the upstream side flows into the first passageway. Once the water level in the first passageway is the same as the water level on the upstream side, the boats on the upstream side enter the first passageway. S2-3. Close the first upper horizontal sliding gate; S2-4. Open the first spillway gate, and the water in the first ship passage will flow out, causing the water level in the first ship passage to drop. S2-5. After the water level in the first ship passage is the same as the water level on the downstream side, open the first lower horizontal gate. S2-6, The vessel exits the first passageway to the downstream side; If another vessel approaches from upstream while a vessel is passing through the first passageway, proceed through the second passageway following the steps outlined above.
8. The lock structure for rapid passage of vessels through dams on small and medium-sized rivers according to claim 5, characterized in that: Taking the passage of a ship through the first passageway as an example, mode (3) has the following situations: If a vessel on the upstream side passes through the lock first, the vessel on the upstream side proceeds according to mode (2) until a vessel on the upstream side sails from the upstream side through the first passage channel to the downstream side. At this time, the water level in the first passage channel is the same as that on the downstream side. The downstream vessel sailing upstream immediately sails to the first passage channel and then operates according to S1-3 to S1-6 of mode (1). According to the above lock passage method, the "down and up" operation is repeated. When two vessels pass through, only one water needs to be released into the passage channel, which improves the efficiency of passing through the dam. If a downstream vessel passes through the lock first, the downstream vessel proceeds according to mode (1) until a downstream vessel sails from the downstream side through the first passageway to the upstream side. At this time, the water level in the first passageway is the same as that on the upstream side. The upstream vessel sailing downstream immediately sails to the first passageway and then operates according to S2-3 to S2-6 of mode (2). According to the above lock passage method, the "one up and one down" operation is repeated. When two vessels pass through, only one water needs to be released into the passageway, which improves the efficiency of passing through the dam. If there are many vessels on the upstream and downstream sides, proceed through the second passageway using the two procedures described above.