Prefabricated ecological microenvironment component for slope protection in cold region and community construction method of prefabricated ecological microenvironment component

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cold region ecological slope protection engineering, in particular to a prefabricated ecological microenvironment component for cold region slope protection and a community construction method of the prefabricated ecological microenvironment component for cold region slope protection. Prefabricated ecological cells are formed by longitudinally and transversely arranged anchoring beams, and flexible grid nodes are arranged between the ends of the four adjacent anchoring beams; a closed cavity formed by each flexible grid node is filled with micro-expansion mortar to form a rigid space grid framework covering the whole slope surface; and the high integrity and super-strong damage resistance of the slope protection system are greatly improved. Prefabricated interlocking blocks are continuously laid in each prefabricated ecological cell in a layered embedded mode, filling cavities for being filled with ecological materials are formed in the prefabricated interlocking blocks, the filling cavities are sequentially filled with layered ecological restoration structures from bottom to top, and each layered ecological restoration structure comprises a vegetation concrete stable base layer and a premixed planting soil growth layer. And a top anti-scouring covering layer is arranged according to the slope water level condition, and an all-around plant growth microenvironment from stable anchoring and nutrient supply to anti-scouring protection is constructed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cold-region ecological slope protection engineering technology, specifically to a prefabricated ecological microenvironment component for cold-region slope protection and its community construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the traditional precast concrete block ecological slope protection technology is widely used in slope protection projects in cold regions. This involves laying precast interlocking concrete blocks with cavities on the slope surface. The surface layer is formed by the interlocking of the blocks or simple mortar bonding, and the cavities are filled with soil or planting substrate to achieve slope greening. This traditional method uses precast interlocking concrete blocks of uniform size, with the blocks relying on their edges such as tenons and mortar joints or flanges for simple interlocking, or by applying mortar to the gaps after laying. The block layer and the slope subsoil are usually stabilized only by gravity and friction, lacking a rigid framework system anchored deep within the slope.

[0003] Ordinary topsoil or simply mixed planting soil is directly filled into the cavity of the blocks, and sometimes a thin geotextile is covered or grass seeds are sown on top. The ecological design is relatively extensive, and no differentiated and refined habitat construction is carried out for different water level zones (above normal water level, variable water level zone, and underwater zone).

[0004] The main method of laying blocks is by hand, and the filling of planting soil is mostly done manually or with simple machinery. There is a lack of specialized, standardized construction equipment that can ensure the compactness and uniformity of the filling.

[0005] The drawbacks of this traditional approach are particularly pronounced in harsh, cold environments: 1. Under cyclical loads such as frost heave, thaw settlement, and water erosion, the blocks are only connected by geometric interlocking or thin mortar, failing to form an integral skeleton. This makes it extremely easy for individual blocks to warp, shift, or fall off, leading to large-scale loosening and collapse of the slope protection surface layer.

[0006] The lack of a rigid spatial grid system that integrates discrete blocks into a whole and anchors them to the slope results in an inability to effectively constrain differential deformation caused by uneven frost heave, and an inability to effectively distribute local loads across the entire slope, leading to stress concentration and localized failure.

[0007] 2. Poor overall structural integrity, simple and fragile ecological layer structure, weak bonding between the filling soil and the block cavity wall, lack of a stable base layer to resist erosion and special fixing measures for water level fluctuation areas, the gaps between blocks are easily hollowed out by water flow, a large amount of internal filling soil is lost, forming voids, accelerating structural damage, plant roots cannot be anchored due to soil loss, and the ecological effect declines rapidly.

[0008] 3. Cold-region plants have difficulty growing in ordinary soil with traditional block cavities. They lack a stable root system for planting, and seeds and seedlings are easily lost with water and soil. The germination rate is low, the overwintering survival rate is poor, and the slope is often bare for a long time, making it difficult to form a stable and continuous vegetation cover. The planting substrate has not been optimized for cold-region conditions (water retention, heat preservation, air permeability, nutrients) and has not distinguished between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. 4. Due to poor controllability of construction quality, low efficiency, inconsistent precision in manual laying, and loose interlocking of blocks; uneven compaction of manually filled planting soil, which easily leads to voids or over-compaction. In the short effective construction period in cold regions, there is a lack of guarantee for key processes, and the project is significantly affected by worker skills and weather conditions, making it difficult to achieve uniformity and high reliability of project quality.

[0009] Traditional precast block ecological slope protection has serious shortcomings in terms of durability, protective effectiveness, and ecological restoration speed. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a prefabricated ecological microenvironment component and its community construction method for slope protection in cold regions, addressing the problems mentioned in the background art. This invention forms prefabricated ecological cell units using longitudinally and transversely arranged anchor beams. Flexible grid nodes are provided between the ends of four adjacent anchor beams. Each flexible grid node forms a closed cavity filled with micro-expansion mortar, creating a rigid spatial grid skeleton covering the entire slope. Prefabricated interlocking blocks are continuously and layered within each prefabricated ecological cell unit. These interlocking blocks contain filling cavities for ecological materials, which are then filled with layered ecological restoration structures from bottom to top. This significantly enhances the overall integrity and superior damage resistance of the slope protection system, providing a pre-designed rigid spatial skeleton for the entire slope. This invention achieves a comprehensive leap forward in safety, ecology, economy, and sustainability for slope protection projects in cold regions.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a prefabricated ecological microenvironment component for slope protection in cold regions, comprising prefabricated ecological cell units formed by anchor beams arranged longitudinally and transversely, flexible grid nodes provided between the ends of four adjacent anchor beams, and micro-expansion mortar filling the closed cavity formed by each flexible grid node to form a rigid spatial grid skeleton covering the entire slope surface. Each prefabricated ecological cell is continuously and interlocked with prefabricated interlocking blocks. The prefabricated interlocking blocks have filling cavities for ecological materials. The filling cavities are filled with layered ecological restoration structures from bottom to top. The layered ecological restoration structures include a vegetated concrete base layer, a pre-mixed planting soil growth layer, and a top anti-scour cover layer set according to the slope water level conditions, thus creating a comprehensive microenvironment for plant growth from stable anchoring and nutrient supply to scour protection.

[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the vegetation concrete stabilized base layer is formed by controllingly, uniformly and densely injecting fluidized C25 vegetation concrete into the filling cavity of the precast interlocking block, and solidifying it to form a base layer with a thickness of 90mm-100mm and a porosity of >25%.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the vegetation concrete stabilizing base layer is a porous layer composed of graded crushed stone and cementitious material or a permeable and anchoring root layer formed by filling the cavity with prefabricated porous ecological concrete slabs.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention, after the base layer has hardened, a 140mm-150mm thick layer of premixed planting soil is injected into the premixed planting soil growth layer. The premixed planting soil is made by mixing local loam, peat moss, water-retaining agent, and slow-release fertilizer in proportion according to the needs of cold-region vegetation.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the top anti-scour cover layer includes a geotextile vegetation cover set in an area 50mm-80mm above the design normal water level line. The geotextile vegetation cover is anchored by fasteners and is a biodegradable fiber blanket, biodegradable hemp net or coconut fiber blanket. Hydraulic spraying of local cold-resistant grass and shrub mixed seeds was carried out on geotextile vegetation cover in areas above the normal water level.

[0016] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the top anti-scouring cover layer includes a fixed net covering the normal water level area and the water level fluctuation area below the normal water level. The fixed net covers the surface of the premixed planting soil growth layer and is tied and fixed to the anchor beam. The fixed net is a galvanized steel wire mesh, a high-strength polymer grid, or an alloy woven mesh. Within the fixed grid of the water level fluctuation zone, reed or calamus seedlings are planted by cuttings.

[0017] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the prefabricated interlocking block is provided with an interlocking block fitting groove along the circumferential direction, and adjacent prefabricated interlocking blocks are sequentially fitted together through the interlocking block fitting groove to fill the prefabricated ecological cell, and the various blocks are tightly fitted together and the first block is fitted together with the anchor beam.

[0018] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the flexible mesh node includes a flexible fitting component disposed at the center of the cross-shaped node and a snap-fit ​​positioning component fitted between the flexible fitting component and the end of each anchor beam. The flexible interlocking component includes an interlocking shell, within which a pre-formed flexible energy dissipator is provided. The flexible energy dissipator includes a composite damping matrix made of polymer material cast within the interlocking shell. A positioning pile is vertically provided at the bottom of the composite damping matrix and anchored to the slope. A ring-shaped reverse-filtering gravel layer is provided around the positioning pile. A limiting and resetting mechanism that works in conjunction with the flexible energy dissipator is provided at the junction of the composite damping matrix and the positioning pile. The limiting and resetting mechanism includes a central limiting hole provided between the composite damping matrix and the positioning pile. A stacked rubber-metal composite pad or a butterfly spring assembly is provided along the axial direction of the central limiting hole. The butterfly spring assembly includes several stacked butterfly springs.

[0019] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the fitting shell includes longitudinal connecting ribs and transverse connecting ribs arranged in a cross shape along the circumference, and T-shaped mortises provided between them. Two adjacent anchoring beams are provided with anchoring beam grooves arranged in a collinear manner. The anchoring beam grooves and T-shaped mortises form a fitting space. A connecting tenon is fitted into the gap in the fitting space, and micro-expansion mortar is filled into the fitting gap. The outer circumference of both the longitudinal and transverse connecting bars is an outwardly convex arc surface. The anchor beam includes a longitudinal anchor beam and a transverse anchor beam. The ends of both the longitudinal and transverse anchor beams are set as concave arc surfaces. The concave arc surfaces and the outwardly convex arc surfaces are fitted together for installation. A pre-tightening installation hole is provided between the concave arc surfaces and the outwardly convex arc surfaces, and a pre-tightening rod is fitted into the pre-tightening installation hole.

[0020] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a method for constructing a community of prefabricated ecological microenvironment components for slope protection in cold regions includes the following steps: Step 1: Slope treatment and surveying: Trim and compact the slope, and accurately mark out the laying positions of the longitudinal and transverse anchor beams. Step 2, Prefabricated Ecological Cell Installation: Transport the prefabricated longitudinal and transverse anchor beams to the slope installation position, clean the anchoring beam grooves at the ends of the longitudinal and transverse anchor beams, the anchoring beam grooves and T-shaped mortise grooves form a fitting space, align the connecting tenons with the fitting space and fit them in, and fill the fitting gap with micro-expansion mortar to form an integral grid skeleton. Step 3: Laying precast interlocking blocks: Lay precast interlocking blocks from bottom to top within the grid cells to ensure tight fit between the blocks and between the blocks and the anchor beams; Step 4, Layered Ecological Restoration Construction: Use a pressure grouting device to press-in vegetated concrete into the filling cavity of the precast interlocking blocks to form a stable vegetated concrete base layer. Step 5: On the vegetated concrete base layer, press-irrigate pre-mixed planting soil to form a pre-mixed planting soil growth layer; Step 6: According to the preset water level line, lay and fix the geotextile vegetation cover in the area above the normal water level, lay and anchor the fixing net in the area of ​​the normal water level line and the water level fluctuation area below the normal water level line, and set a V-shaped groove between two adjacent areas to prevent the slope from sliding. The V-shaped groove is equipped with positioning piles and a concrete capping pile, and a coarse sand cushion layer is set on top of the concrete capping pile. Step 7, Vegetation introduction: Hydraulically spray local hardy grass and shrub mixed seeds onto the premixed planting soil growing layer or geotextile covering in areas above the normal water level. Within the fixed grid of the water level fluctuation zone, reed or calamus seedlings are planted by cuttings to complete the initial ecological construction.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention includes prefabricated ecological cell units formed by anchor beams arranged longitudinally and transversely, with flexible grid nodes between the ends of four adjacent anchor beams, and micro-expansion mortar filling the closed cavity formed by each flexible grid node, forming a rigid spatial grid skeleton covering the entire slope; the integrated structure is stable, ecological and efficient construction are compatible, greatly improving the high overall integrity and super damage resistance of the slope protection system, with good overall synergistic stress distribution, and local stability promotes overall stable support, providing a pre-set rigid spatial skeleton for the entire slope.

[0022] Each prefabricated ecological cell contains continuously and layered prefabricated interlocking blocks. These blocks have cavities for filling with ecological materials. From bottom to top, these cavities are filled with a layered ecological restoration structure, including a vegetated concrete base layer, a pre-mixed planting soil growth layer, and a top erosion protection layer designed according to slope water level conditions. This creates a comprehensive microenvironment for plant growth, providing stability, nutrient supply, and erosion protection. Functional zoning is implemented based on water level lines. This multi-layered ecological restoration system, through its layered structure, provides a complete microenvironment for plant roots, supporting anchoring, growth, moisture retention, and erosion protection. Particularly in critical water level fluctuation zones, techniques such as wire mesh fixation prevent soil loss, constraining deformation while absorbing energy. It also offers the following advantages: (1) The base layer is stabilized by vegetated concrete, which has a balance between high porosity and mechanical strength, good permeability and drainage performance, and excellent resistance to deformation and cracking. It achieves the synergistic effect of engineering stabilization and ecological restoration, and improves the microenvironment and soil and water conservation. The density dispersion coefficient of vegetated concrete and planting soil in the base layer can be controlled within 5%, which realizes the homogenization and high controllability of engineering quality.

[0023] (2) Laying a premixed planting soil growth layer is a standardized planting substrate layer that is prepared in advance by the factory according to the plant growth needs. It accurately meets the growth needs, improves the survival rate and growth, and has the effect of being green, low-carbon and improving the soil micro-ecology.

[0024] (3) Set up a top anti-erosion cover layer, which has a high coverage vegetation layer that can form quickly and effectively fix the slope. It can reduce soil loss by about 2-5 kg ​​per square meter per year. At the same time, a healthy plant community has a higher carbon fixation capacity and better water purification potential.

[0025] (4) Hydraulic spraying of local hardy grass and shrub mixed seeds on geotextile covering in areas above the normal water level. In areas above the normal water level, direct spraying can be done through geotextile covering. Necessary initial watering and maintenance should be carried out. The initial construction of the ecological community is completed, and the ecological restoration process is initiated.

[0026] (5) The top anti-scour covering layer includes a fixed net covering the area of ​​the normal water level and the water level fluctuation area below the normal water level, which greatly improves the survival rate of aquatic plants from less than 30% to more than 70%, and prevents the loss of planting soil.

[0027] (6) The prefabricated interlocking blocks are provided with interlocking block fitting grooves along the circumference. Adjacent prefabricated interlocking blocks are sequentially fitted together through the interlocking block fitting grooves to fill the prefabricated ecological cell. The fit between each block and between the first block and the anchor beam is tight. The prefabricated ecological slope protection system and method with stable overall grid skeleton and gradient micro-habitat ecology can maintain structural stability and ecological stability in cold environments. It can also be constructed with precision and disassembled and assembled conveniently, thus achieving a unity of safety, ecology and economy in slope protection engineering.

[0028] (7) The flexible mesh node includes a flexible fitting component disposed at the center of the cross-shaped node and a snap-fit ​​positioning component fitted between the flexible fitting component and the end of each anchor beam; The flexible interlocking components work in conjunction with the limiting and resetting mechanism to achieve standardized and modular setup. The longitudinal and transverse anchoring beams are precisely interlocked through the inner arc-shaped tenon and slot and filled with micro-expansion mortar, which combines the originally discrete slope protection surface components with the deep anchoring force of the slope to form a "box-shaped" or "grid-shaped" collaborative force-bearing body.

[0029] This prefabricated ecological microenvironment component system for slope protection in cold regions is structurally durable and possesses strong self-sustaining capabilities once established, significantly reducing the need for subsequent repairs, replanting, and structural reinforcement. It exhibits high durability and stable ecological effects; in the first five years after commissioning, daily maintenance costs (including repairs and replanting) are expected to be 60-80% lower than traditional slope protection methods. The improved overall structural integrity reduces over-reliance on the strength of individual blocks, and optimized design can save approximately 8-12% of concrete material. Prefabricated construction reduces energy consumption during on-site mixing and curing, resulting in a 40% reduction in energy consumption during the construction phase. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the flexible mesh node of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross arrangement of the transverse anchor beam and the longitudinal anchor beam of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor beam structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the flexible energy dissipation device and the snap-fit ​​positioning component of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the flexible energy dissipation device and the stacked rubber-metal composite pad of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the fitted shell structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the snap-fit ​​positioning component of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the prefabricated interlocking block of the present invention.

[0031] In the diagram: 1-Anchoring beam, 101-Transverse anchor beam, 102-Longitudinal anchor beam, 103-One-line insertion groove, 104-Concave arc surface, 2-Snap-fit ​​positioning component, 201-Connecting tenon, 3-Flexible energy dissipation device, 301-Positioning pile, 302-Layered rubber-metal composite pad, 303-Embedded shell, 331-Pre-tightening installation hole, 332-Flexible energy dissipation body, 333-T-shaped mortise, 334-Longitudinal connecting bar, 335-Transverse connecting bar, 336-Outwardly convex arc surface, 304-Central limiting hole, 4-Pre-tightening rod, 5-Precast interlocking block, 501-Interlocking block embedding groove, 6-Vegetated concrete stabilized base layer, 7-Premixed planting soil growth layer, 8-Above normal water level, 9-Water level fluctuation zone, 10-Flexible grid node, 11-Top anti-scour covering layer, 12-Precast ecological cell, 13-Positioning pile. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0033] See appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 4A prefabricated ecological microenvironment component for slope protection in cold regions includes a prefabricated ecological cell 12 formed by anchor beams arranged in a longitudinal and transverse manner, and a flexible grid node 10 between the ends of four adjacent anchor beams. The flexible grid node includes a flexible fitting component set at the center of the cross-shaped node and a snap-fit ​​positioning component 2 fitted between the flexible fitting component and the end of each anchor beam. The flexible fitting component includes a fitting shell 303, which includes longitudinal connecting ribs 331 and transverse connecting ribs 335 arranged in a cross pattern along the circumference, and a plug-in T-shaped mortise 333 between them. Two adjacent anchoring beams are provided with anchoring beam grooves arranged in a collinear manner. The anchoring beam grooves and the T-shaped mortise 333 form a fitting space. A connecting tenon 201 is fitted into the fitting space. The connecting tenon matches the shape and size of the T-shaped plug-in groove. The connecting tenon and the T-shaped plug-in groove are fitted with a gap. Micro-expansion mortar is filled in the fitting gap. The outer circumferential surfaces of both the longitudinal and transverse connecting bars are convex arc surfaces 336. The anchor beam includes a longitudinal anchor beam 102 and a transverse anchor beam 101. The ends of both the longitudinal and transverse anchor beams are concave arc surfaces 104. The concave arc surface 104 and the convex arc surface 336 are fitted together. A pre-tightening installation hole 331 is provided between the concave arc surface and the convex arc surface, and a pre-tightening rod 4 is fitted into the pre-tightening installation hole.

[0034] Three pre-tightening rods 4 are sequentially inserted at the same end into the pre-tightening mounting holes corresponding to the convex arc surface of the fitted shell, and then transition-fitted. The other end of the pre-tightening rod is inserted into the pre-tightening mounting hole on the concave arc surface, and then transition-fitted until the convex arc surface and the concave arc surface are in clearance fit. The pre-tightening rods securely install the fitted shell to the longitudinal anchor beam 102 and the transverse anchor beam 101, respectively. Based on geological and hydrological data, the longitudinal anchor beam spacing is designed to be 2 meters, the transverse anchor beam spacing is 1.5 meters, the cross-sectional dimensions are 300mm × 400mm, and it is precast using C30 concrete.

[0035] After the longitudinal anchor beam 102 and the transverse anchor beam 101 are stably installed, the fitting shell is assembled and combined with the longitudinal anchor beam and the transverse anchor beam respectively by means of the snap-fit ​​positioning component.

[0036] The fitting shell 303 includes longitudinal connecting ribs and transverse connecting ribs arranged in a cross shape along the circumference, and T-shaped mortises 333 provided between them. Two adjacent anchoring beams are provided with anchoring beam grooves arranged in a collinear manner. The anchoring beam grooves and T-shaped mortises form a fitting space. A connecting tenon 201 is fitted into the gap in the fitting space. Micro-expansion mortar is filled into the fitting gap.

[0037] During the frost heave stage, also known as the energy dissipation stage, when the foundation soil in cold regions experiences frost heave and generates lifting forces, these forces are transmitted to the connection node through the slope protection components. The node no longer provides rigid resistance but allows its internal flexible energy-dissipating core components to undergo controlled, minor compression or shear deformation. This deformation process absorbs a significant amount of frost heave energy.

[0038] The embedded shell contains a pre-formed flexible energy dissipator 3, which includes a composite damping matrix made of high-molecular polymer material cast within the embedded shell. The stress distribution within the flexible energy dissipator tends to be uniform, controlling the effective stress concentration factor to within 1.2. Furthermore, it relies on the high resilience of the high-performance flexible material to provide restoring force. After each freeze-thaw cycle, it can drive adjacent components to return to their initial relative positions with a deviation of less than 2 mm.

[0039] It effectively inhibits the "creeping" bulging or settlement of the slope protection structure caused by frost heave, and the long-term cumulative positional deviation can be controlled within 2cm.

[0040] The flexible energy dissipator itself acts as a "sacrificial" deformation unit, and its deformation is strictly limited to the elastic range (e.g., the shear strain of the rubber pad is <50%), ensuring that the entire node system remains fully elastic under the action of maximum frost heave force, with a residual deformation rate of <1%, fundamentally avoiding the accumulation of plastic deformation.

[0041] The laminated rubber-metal composite pad 302 and the flexible energy dissipator 3 generate heat through internal molecular friction, while the limiting and resetting structure 1 stores and partially dissipates energy through elastic deformation. This effectively converts harmful frost heave forces into harmless deformation energy and thermal energy, avoids stress concentration at joints, and protects the components themselves.

[0042] A positioning pile 301 is vertically installed at the bottom of the composite damping matrix 1. The positioning pile is anchored to the slope. A ring-shaped reverse filter gravel layer is provided around the positioning pile. A limiting and resetting mechanism that works in conjunction with the flexible energy dissipation body is provided at the junction of the composite damping matrix and the positioning pile. The limiting and resetting mechanism includes a central limiting hole 304 set between the composite damping matrix and the positioning pile. A stacked rubber-metal composite pad 302 or a butterfly spring assembly is provided along the axial direction of the central limiting hole. The butterfly spring assembly includes several butterfly springs stacked together. The stacked rubber-metal composite pad or butterfly spring assembly will rebound and return to its original shape after unloading. This inherent elasticity ensures that after the frost heave force subsides (during the thaw period), the node can automatically and basically return to its initial position, that is, "adaptive reset".

[0043] The limit reset mechanism restricts the maximum displacement of the cross-shaped node.

[0044] Through the adaptive reset capability of flexible materials, after the frost heave force disappears (during the thaw period), the nodes can rely on their own elastic recovery force to basically reset the components. This automatically restores any plastic deformation or loosening at the nodes, allowing the structure to recover its initial shape and tightness after each freeze-thaw cycle, avoiding the accumulation of residual deformation and thus maintaining the overall stability and protective function of the structure over the long term.

[0045] The anchoring beam 1 includes a longitudinal anchor beam 102 and a transverse anchor beam 101. The longitudinal anchor beam and the transverse anchor beam are pressed against each other with the connecting piece to ensure that the connection is in place.

[0046] Each flexible grid node forms a closed cavity filled with micro-expansion mortar, creating a rigid spatial grid skeleton covering the entire slope. The micro-expansion mortar fills the gaps in the enclosed space at the arc-shaped ends, forming an integral structure that is tightly bonded to the concrete body of the anchor beam, avoiding stress concentration caused by gaps. The self-stress generated by the expansion enhances the bond force between the micro-expansion mortar and the interface between the anchor beam reinforcement and concrete, transferring the dispersed force of the anchor beam to the enclosed filling, thus improving the anchoring system's ability to resist pull-out and shear loads. Example 2

[0047] See appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 4 Each prefabricated ecological cell is continuously and layered with prefabricated interlocking blocks 5. The size of the prefabricated interlocking blocks is 500mm×500mm×300mm (length×width×height), with a 200mm diameter circular cavity reserved in the center.

[0048] The prefabricated interlocking block 5 has interlocking block fitting grooves 501 along its circumference. The dimensional deviations, strength grades, and appearance quality of the prefabricated ecological frame and prefabricated interlocking blocks are checked to ensure that the inner wall of the frame is flat and undamaged, and that the interlocking structure of the prefabricated interlocking blocks 5 is intact. The prefabricated ecological frame is hoisted and fixed in place according to the design elevation and slope. Laying reference lines in both longitudinal and transverse directions are marked on the inner wall of the ecological frame. The longitudinal reference line is parallel to the length of the frame, and the transverse reference line is parallel to the width of the frame. The spacing between the reference lines matches the side length of the prefabricated interlocking blocks, marking the laying position of each prefabricated interlocking block. Based on the internal dimensions of the ecological frame and the specifications of the prefabricated interlocking blocks, they are laid longitudinally along the length of the frame and transversely along the width of the frame, ensuring that the interlocking structure between the prefabricated interlocking blocks fits perfectly. If there are gaps at the edges, custom-made irregular-shaped prefabricated interlocking blocks are used to fill them, avoiding strength loss caused by cutting conventional prefabricated interlocking blocks. Adjacent prefabricated interlocking blocks are sequentially interlocked and filled with prefabricated ecological cell blocks through interlocking block interlocking groove 501, and the blocks are tightly interlocked with each other and with the first block and the anchoring beam. Example 3

[0049] See appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 4The prefabricated interlocking block has a filling cavity for ecological materials. The filling cavity is filled with a layered ecological restoration structure from bottom to top. The layered ecological restoration structure includes a vegetated concrete stabilizing base layer 6, a premixed planting soil growth layer 7, and a top anti-scour covering layer set according to the slope water level conditions, thus constructing a comprehensive plant growth microenvironment from stabilization and anchoring, nutrient supply to scour protection.

[0050] The vegetated concrete base layer 6 is formed by controllingly, uniformly and densely injecting fluidized C25 vegetated concrete into the filling cavity of the precast interlocking block, and solidifying it to form a base layer with a thickness of 100mm and a porosity of >25%.

[0051] The vegetated concrete stabilized base layer 6 is a porous layer composed of graded crushed stone and cementitious material, or a permeable and anchored root layer formed by filling the cavity with precast porous ecological concrete slabs.

[0052] A pressure-irrigation device is used to inject planting concrete into the bottom of the cavity of each precast interlocking block to stabilize the base layer. After the base layer hardens, pre-mixed planting soil is injected to form a growth layer.

[0053] After the base layer has hardened, a 150mm thick layer of premixed planting soil is injected into the premixed planting soil growth layer. The premixed planting soil is made by mixing local loam, peat moss, water-retaining agent, and slow-release fertilizer in proportion according to the needs of cold-region vegetation.

[0054] The top anti-scour cover layer 11 includes a geotextile vegetation cover set in an area 50mm above the design normal water level line. The geotextile vegetation cover is anchored with fasteners and is a biodegradable fiber blanket, biodegradable hemp net or coconut fiber blanket. Hydraulic spraying of local cold-resistant grass and shrub mixed seeds was carried out on geotextile vegetation cover in areas above the normal water level.

[0055] The top anti-scouring cover layer 11 includes a fixed net covering the normal water level area and the water level fluctuation area below the normal water level. The fixed net covers the surface of the premixed planting soil growth layer and is tied and fixed to the anchor beam. The fixed net is a galvanized steel wire mesh, a high-strength polymer grid, or an alloy woven mesh. Within the fixed grid of the water level fluctuation zone, reed or calamus seedlings are planted by cuttings.

[0056] Reeds and calamus have well-developed root systems and strong tillering ability. After cutting, their roots can quickly penetrate into the soil of mudflats or riverbanks, forming a dense underground root network. The rapid tillering of plants after cutting can quickly form contiguous communities, shortening the ecological restoration cycle.

[0057] During the rise and fall of water levels, the root net can effectively fix soil particles and reduce the erosion of the banks and tidal flats by the water flow, making it especially suitable for the soil and water conservation needs in areas with fluctuating water levels. At the same time, the plant stems can slow down the water flow and reduce the impact of waves, thus playing a role in wave dissipation and bank protection.

[0058] Reeds and calamus have the dual characteristics of being tolerant to both flooding and drought. The root system of cuttings can adjust its growth status according to the rise and fall of water level (the root system elongates when the water level rises and new plants sprout when the water level falls). Compared with direct seeding or transplanting mature plants, the root system of cuttings is less damaged, the seedling recovery period is shorter, and the adaptability in areas with fluctuating water levels is stronger, with a survival rate significantly higher than other planting methods. Example 4

[0059] A method for constructing communities of prefabricated ecological microenvironment components for slope protection in cold regions includes the following steps: Step 1: Slope treatment and surveying: Trim and compact the slope, and accurately lay out the laying positions of the longitudinal and transverse anchor beams; locate the positioning points and fix the positioning piles on the slope.

[0060] Step 2, Prefabricated Ecological Cell Installation: Transport the prefabricated longitudinal and transverse anchor beams to the slope installation location, clean the anchoring beam grooves at the ends of the longitudinal and transverse anchor beams, and form a fitting space with the anchoring beam grooves and T-shaped mortises 333. Align and fit the connecting tenon 201 with the fitting space, and install another longitudinal anchor beam and the other two transverse anchor beams at this node in sequence. Keep the longitudinal anchor beams at each node parallel to the slope toe length direction and the transverse anchor beams perpendicular to the slope toe length direction. The interlocking gaps are filled with micro-expansion mortar to form an integral grid skeleton; Step 3: Laying prefabricated interlocking blocks: Prefabricated interlocking blocks are laid from bottom to top within the grid cells to ensure tight fitting between the blocks and between the blocks and the anchor beams; the first row of prefabricated interlocking blocks has a structure that matches the interlocking grooves preset on the inner side of the anchor beams, and the prefabricated interlocking blocks are tightly fitted into the anchoring connection of the grid skeleton.

[0061] Step 4, Layered Ecological Restoration Construction: Use a pressure grouting device to press-in vegetated concrete into the filling cavity of the precast interlocking block 5 to form a vegetated concrete stable base layer 6; use a pressure grouting device to press-in vegetated concrete stable base layer 6 into the bottom of the cavity of each precast interlocking block.

[0062] Step 5: On the vegetated concrete base layer, press in pre-mixed planting soil to form a pre-mixed planting soil growth layer; after the base layer has hardened, press in the pre-mixed planting soil growth layer again.

[0063] Step 6: According to the preset water level line, lay and fix the geotextile vegetation cover in the area above the normal water level, lay and anchor the fixing net in the area of ​​the normal water level line and the water level fluctuation area below the normal water level line, and set a V-shaped groove between two adjacent areas to prevent the slope from sliding. The V-shaped groove is equipped with positioning piles 13 and a concrete capping pile laid therein, and a coarse sand cushion layer is laid on top of the concrete capping pile. The fixing net covers the surface of the premixed planting soil growth layer and is anchored to the structure below the premixed planting soil growth layer.

[0064] Step 7, Vegetation Introduction: Hydraulically spray a mixture of local hardy grass and shrub seeds onto the pre-mixed planting soil growing layer 7 or geotextile covering in areas above the normal water level (8). Workers spray from bottom to top in sections along the target area, maintaining a 30° angle between the nozzle and the slope to ensure even coverage of the slurry, with a thickness controlled at 2cm (enough to completely cover the soil surface). After spraying, promptly cover with non-woven fabric or shade netting to reduce water evaporation and prevent birds from pecking at the seeds and rainwater from washing away the slurry.

[0065] Simultaneously, within the fixed grid of the water level fluctuation zone 9, reed or calamus seedlings are planted by cuttings to complete the initial ecological construction. The reed cutting density is 10 plants / m², and the calamus planting density is 10 plants / m², which can quickly form contiguous communities; in landscape planting scenarios, the density can be appropriately reduced (5-8 plants / m²) to reserve growth space. After survival, a two-layer structure of underwater root system and above-water stem and leaf layer is formed. The roots penetrate deep into the underwater silt or bank soil, forming a dense root network; the stems and leaves grow upright, with reeds reaching a height of 1.5-3m and calamus reaching a height of 0.5-1.2m, and the two are distributed in a staggered manner to construct a stable and functional aquatic plant community ecosystem.

[0066] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0067] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A prefabricated ecological microenvironment component for slope protection in cold regions, characterized in that: It includes prefabricated ecological cell (12) formed by anchor beams arranged in a longitudinal and transverse manner, and flexible grid nodes (10) between the ends of four adjacent anchor beams. Each flexible grid node forms a closed cavity filled with micro-expansion mortar to form a rigid spatial grid skeleton covering the entire slope. Each prefabricated ecological cell is continuously and layered with prefabricated interlocking blocks (5). The prefabricated interlocking blocks are provided with filling cavities (502) for ecological materials. The filling cavities are filled with layered ecological restoration structures from bottom to top. The layered ecological restoration structures include a vegetated concrete base layer (6), a premixed planting soil growth layer (7), and a top anti-scour cover layer (11) set according to the slope water level conditions, thus constructing a comprehensive plant growth microenvironment from stable anchoring, nutrient supply to scour protection.

2. The prefabricated ecological microenvironment component for slope protection in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vegetation concrete base layer (6) is formed by injecting fluid C25 vegetation concrete into the filling cavity of the precast interlocking block in a controllable, uniform and dense manner, and solidifying it to form a base layer with a thickness of 90mm-100mm and a porosity of >25%.

3. The prefabricated ecological microenvironment component for slope protection in cold regions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vegetation concrete base layer (6) is a porous layer of graded crushed stone and cementitious material or a permeable and anchored root layer formed by filling the cavity with precast porous ecological concrete slabs.

4. The prefabricated ecological microenvironment component for slope protection in cold regions according to claim 3, characterized in that: After the base layer has hardened, the premixed planting soil growth layer (7) is irrigated with a thickness of 140mm-150mm. The premixed planting soil is made by mixing local loam, peat moss, water-retaining agent and slow-release fertilizer in proportion according to the needs of cold-region vegetation.

5. The prefabricated ecological microenvironment component for slope protection in cold regions according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top anti-scouring cover layer (11) includes a geotextile vegetation cover set in an area 50mm-80mm above the design normal water level line. The geotextile vegetation cover is anchored with fasteners. The geotextile vegetation cover is a biodegradable fiber blanket, biodegradable hemp net or coconut fiber blanket. Hydraulic spraying of local cold-resistant grass and shrub mixed seeds was carried out on geotextile vegetation cover in areas above the normal water level.

6. The prefabricated ecological microenvironment component for slope protection in cold regions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top anti-scouring cover layer (11) includes a fixed net covering the normal water level area and the water level fluctuation area below the normal water level. The fixed net covers the surface of the premixed planting soil growth layer and is tied and fixed to the anchor beam. The fixed net is a galvanized steel wire mesh, a high-strength polymer grid or an alloy woven mesh. Within the fixed grid of the water level fluctuation zone, reed or calamus seedlings are planted by cuttings.

7. The prefabricated ecological microenvironment component for slope protection in cold regions according to claim 6, characterized in that: The prefabricated interlocking block (5) is provided with an interlocking block fitting groove (501) along the circumference. The adjacent prefabricated interlocking blocks are sequentially fitted and filled with prefabricated ecological cell cells through the interlocking block fitting groove. The various blocks are tightly fitted together and the first block is tightly fitted with the anchor beam.

8. The prefabricated ecological microenvironment component for slope protection in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible grid node (10) includes a flexible fitting component disposed at the center of the cross-shaped node and a snap-fit ​​positioning component (2) fitted between the flexible fitting component and the end of each anchor beam. The flexible interlocking component includes an interlocking shell (303), and a pre-formed flexible energy dissipator (3) is provided inside the interlocking shell. The flexible energy dissipator (3) includes a composite damping matrix made of polymer material cast inside the interlocking shell. A positioning pile (301) is vertically provided at the bottom of the composite damping matrix. The positioning pile is anchored to the slope. A ring-shaped reverse filter gravel layer is provided around the positioning pile. A limiting and resetting mechanism that works in conjunction with the flexible energy dissipator is provided at the joint between the composite damping matrix and the positioning pile. The limiting and resetting mechanism includes a central limiting hole (304) provided between the composite damping matrix and the positioning pile. A stacked rubber-metal composite pad (302) or a butterfly spring group is provided along the axial direction of the central limiting hole. The butterfly spring group includes several butterfly springs stacked together.

9. The prefabricated ecological microenvironment component for slope protection in cold regions according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fitted shell (303) includes longitudinal connecting ribs (331) and transverse connecting ribs (335) arranged in a cross shape along the circumference, and T-shaped mortise (333) provided between them. Two adjacent anchoring beams are provided with anchoring beam grooves arranged in a coaxial manner. The anchoring beam grooves and T-shaped mortise form a fitted space. A connecting tenon (201) is fitted into the gap in the fitted space. Micro-expansion mortar is filled into the fitted gap. The outer periphery of both the longitudinal connecting bar (331) and the transverse connecting bar (335) is an outwardly convex arc surface. The anchor beam includes a longitudinal anchor beam (102) and a transverse anchor beam (101). The ends of the longitudinal anchor beam and the transverse anchor beam are both set as concave arc surfaces (104). The concave arc surface (104) and the outwardly convex arc surface (336) are fitted together. A pre-tightening installation hole (331) is provided between the concave arc surface and the outwardly convex arc surface, and a pre-tightening rod (4) is fitted inside the pre-tightening installation hole.

10. A method for constructing a community of prefabricated ecological microenvironment components for slope protection in cold regions as described in claim 7 or 9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Slope treatment and surveying: Trim and compact the slope, and accurately mark out the laying positions of the longitudinal and transverse anchor beams. Step 2, Prefabricated Ecological Cell Installation: Transport the prefabricated longitudinal anchor beam (102) and transverse anchor beam (101) to the slope installation position, clean the anchoring beam grooves at the ends of the longitudinal anchor beam and the transverse anchor beam, the anchoring beam grooves and T-shaped mortise (333) form a fitting space, connect the tenon (201) and fit it into the fitting space, and fill the fitting gap with micro-expansion mortar to form an integral grid skeleton; Step 3: Laying precast interlocking blocks: Lay precast interlocking blocks (5) from bottom to top within the grid cells to ensure tight fit between the blocks and between the blocks and the anchor beams; Step 4, Layered ecological restoration construction: Use a pressure grouting device to press vegetated concrete into the filling cavity of the precast interlocking block to form a stable base layer of vegetated concrete (6). Step 5: On the vegetated concrete base layer (6), press-irrigate premixed planting soil to form a premixed planting soil growth layer (7). Step 6: According to the preset water level line, lay and fix the geotextile vegetation cover in the area above the normal water level (8), lay and anchor the fixing net in the area of ​​the normal water level line and the water level fluctuation area below the normal water level line, and set a V-shaped groove between two adjacent areas to prevent the slope from sliding down. The V-shaped groove is equipped with positioning piles (13) and its concrete capping, and a coarse sand cushion layer is provided above the concrete capping. Step 7, vegetation introduction: Hydraulically spray local hardy grass and shrub mixed seeds on the premixed planting soil growth layer (7) or geotextile covering in areas above the normal water level; Within the fixed grid of the water level fluctuation zone (9), reed or calamus seedlings are planted by cuttings to complete the initial ecological construction.

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