Tailing pond area and water area communicating structure combined with damming stock ground and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tailing pond safety, and particularly discloses a tailing pond area and water area communication structure combined with a damming stock ground and a construction method. Comprising a communicating open channel arranged on a ridge between two ditches, the elevation of the channel bottom is at least 0.5 m lower than the designed normal water storage level of the tailing pond, and stable communication of a water area is ensured. The open channel slope is innovatively designed to be in a step shape, a construction platform also serving as an earth and stone material transportation road is formed, earth and stone materials generated by open channel excavation are directly used for filling a tailing pond initial dam, and integrated combination of a water area communication structure and a damming stock yard is achieved. According to the method, through construction organization control, the open channel excavation progress is dynamically matched with the initial dam filling strength, and immediate use of earth and stone materials and internal balance of engineering earth and stone are achieved. The technical problems that in a traditional scheme, the capital construction amount is large, cost is high, and underground communication engineering is prone to clogging are solved, and the method has the outstanding advantages of being remarkable in collaborative economic benefit, high in construction efficiency, safe and convenient to operate and maintain and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tailings dam construction and safety technology, and in particular to a structure for connecting multiple water areas within a tailings dam area and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Tailings dams are critical production facilities in mines, but also significant sources of high potential energy hazard. Their safety facilities primarily include tailings dams and drainage systems. For the widely adopted upstream tailings dam system, the tailings dam consists of an initial dam and a subsequent accumulation dam. The initial dam is typically constructed using local earth and rock fill, while the drainage system often combines drainage wells with drainage tunnels.

[0003] Tailings dams built in mountainous areas are often situated in terrain composed of multiple gullies. During operation, the dry beaches formed by ore discharge and the ridges between the gullies often divide the reservoir area into several unconnected zones. This fragmentation leads to a series of safety hazards: the water level cannot drop evenly, resulting in localized high water levels; the effective flood control capacity is reduced; the length of the dry beaches cannot be guaranteed; and the phreatic line of the dam may rise abnormally, seriously threatening the overall stability and safety of the tailings dam.

[0004] In existing technologies, the following two solutions are commonly used to address the problem of multi-channel waterways:

[0005] Independent drainage systems are set up in each gully. While this method can achieve drainage in different areas, it also has problems such as large-scale infrastructure construction, extensive land acquisition, high investment costs, complex operation and management in the later stages, and increased safety risks.

[0006] Main and secondary drainage channels interconnected for flood discharge: A main flood discharge system is constructed in the main channel, and attempts are made to connect the water area of ​​the secondary channel to the main channel through additional underground structures such as drainage wells and tunnels. Although this method reduces the number of main flood discharge facilities, the underground connection project is difficult to construct, costly, and has a limited cross-sectional area. Furthermore, inadequate sealing of drainage wells during operation can easily lead to tailings leakage, causing tunnel blockage and making maintenance extremely difficult. In addition, neither of the above two solutions effectively solves the problem of the initial dam construction material yard, which usually requires excavation at a different site, increasing environmental damage and engineering costs.

[0007] However, these solutions all have significant drawbacks: First, they all failed to consider the "waterway connectivity" project in conjunction with the "dam material source" issue, resulting in high excavation volume, land occupation area and cost; second, underground connectivity structures (such as drainage wells and tunnels) have inherent risks such as easy siltation, tailings leakage and maintenance difficulties.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a comprehensive and innovative solution that can solve water connectivity in an integrated manner, reduce flood discharge facilities, and provide dam construction material sources. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention aims to provide a tailings dam reservoir area water connectivity structure and construction method that integrates with the dam construction material yard. Its core concept lies in using functional coupling and engineering synergy to simultaneously treat the excavation of the connecting open channel as the extraction process for the dam construction material yard, achieving "one function, two uses."

[0010] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0011] A tailings dam water area connectivity structure integrated with a dam construction material yard includes a connecting open channel carved on a ridge between two tailings dam gullies. The bottom elevation of the connecting open channel is configured to be at least 0.5 meters lower than the normal design water level of the tailings dam to ensure stable connectivity between the two gullies. The slope of the connecting open channel is stepped, forming multiple progressively descending construction platforms, which also serve as earth and rock transport roads during the construction period. The earth and rock produced from the excavation of the connecting open channel are used as dam construction materials for the initial dam of the tailings dam, thus achieving an integrated combination of the water area connectivity structure and the dam construction material yard.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a transport road system connecting the open channel and the initial dam; the road surface slope of the transport road system is no more than 9°, the roadbed is compacted, and the road surface is paved with graded crushed stone.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner side of the transport road system is provided with drainage ditches, and the outer side is provided with earthen embankments.

[0014] Furthermore, the initial dam is a dam body formed by the layering and compaction of the soil and rock materials. An accumulation dam is provided upstream of the initial dam, and a filter layer is provided on the upstream slope of the accumulation dam. A dry-laid stone facing is provided on the top surface.

[0015] A construction method for a water connectivity structure in a tailings dam area includes the following steps:

[0016] S1: On the ridge between the two ditches of the tailings dam, a construction sequence of blasting and excavation from top to bottom and in stages is adopted to form a connecting open channel with the bottom elevation at least 0.5 meters lower than the normal design water level of the tailings dam, and to form a stepped slope, which constitutes multiple construction platforms that descend in stages.

[0017] S2: The soil and rock materials generated from the excavation of the connecting open channel in step S1 are transported to the filling site of the initial tailings dam through the construction platform and the connected transportation road system, and filled using a construction process of layer-by-layer spreading and compaction.

[0018] S3: During the excavation and filling process, construct a transportation road system connecting the open channel and the initial dam;

[0019] Through construction organization and control, the excavation progress of the connecting open channel is dynamically matched with the filling intensity of the initial dam, so as to achieve the immediate use of excavated soil and rock materials and the internal balance of the project's earthwork.

[0020] The "design normal storage level" refers to the constant water level elevation that the tailings dam needs to maintain under normal operating conditions, as determined by design specifications. Setting the channel bottom at least 0.5 meters below this water level effectively addresses normal fluctuations in the reservoir water level, ensuring stable connectivity between the two channels under any normal operating conditions. This avoids connectivity failures caused by instantaneous water level drops, thereby guaranteeing the uniform utilization of flood control capacity and the uniform decline of the reservoir water level.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. This invention organically integrates two originally separate engineering stages: "waterway connection channel" and "dam construction material yard." By excavating a connecting open channel, it directly provides dam construction materials for the initial dam, achieving a "balance between excavation and filling" of earth and rock. This avoids the environmental damage and increased costs caused by establishing a separate material yard, resulting in significant synergistic economic and environmental benefits. The design of the open channel's stepped platform, which also serves as a transportation road, solves the problems of low efficiency and high cost of mechanical transportation in multi-ditch terrain, and significantly shortens the construction cycle compared to traditional tunnel solutions.

[0023] 2. This invention enables two or more independent reservoir areas to form a connected structure by setting up connecting open channels, sharing a single flood discharge system (drainage well or drainage tunnel). This solves the problems of large-scale infrastructure construction, wide land acquisition, high investment costs, complex operation and management, and increased safety risks associated with separate flood discharge systems. Moreover, it avoids the construction of underground connecting projects in the main and secondary channel flood discharge system, greatly reducing construction difficulty and significantly improving economic costs.

[0024] 3. The stepped construction platform of this invention also serves as a transportation road, forming an efficient material transportation network together with a dedicated transportation road system. This integrated design of "excavation face as transportation road" solves the technical problem of low material transfer efficiency in mountainous terrain, enabling seamless connection and dynamic matching of the two major processes of excavation and filling, and significantly shortening the construction period compared to traditional separate construction.

[0025] 4. This invention ensures the reliability of connectivity through the precise design that "the bottom elevation of the channel is at least 0.5 meters lower than the water level"; by combining the stepped open channel design with the transportation road system and achieving dynamic matching of excavation and filling progress, the construction organization is optimized, and the direct and efficient transportation and utilization of excavated materials are realized, thereby improving construction efficiency and reducing intermediate turnover costs.

[0026] 5. This invention adopts an open channel connection, which has a large water carrying capacity and intuitive operation status. It fundamentally eliminates the risks of tailings leakage and tunnel siltation inherent in drainage well-tunnel systems, and makes management and maintenance simple and convenient. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar layout of the waterway connectivity structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the initial dam structure in this invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the road in this invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the relative position structure of the initial dam in this invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a satellite image of the completed construction according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a distant view photo taken after the construction of an embodiment of the present invention has been completed;

[0034] In the diagram: 1-Connecting open channel; 2-Initial dam; 3-Construction platform; 4-Transportation road system; 5-Drainage ditch; 6-Earth embankment; 7-Filter layer; 8-Dry-laid stone facing; 9-Mountain ridge; 10-Reservoir area. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0036] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this invention is implemented in a typical tailings dam area consisting of two gullies. A connecting open channel 1 is excavated on the ridge 9 between the two gullies. The bottom elevation of this open channel is carefully designed to ensure that the channel bottom is at least 0.5 meters lower than the normal operating water level of the tailings dam, thereby connecting the two dam areas 10 separated by the ridge 9 into a single unit and effectively coping with normal water level fluctuations, ensuring the stability of the connection.

[0037] The excavation of the connecting open channel 1 adopted a top-down stepped excavation method. First, a working face was opened at the top of ridge 9 to form the first platform. Then, new blasting and excavation working faces were opened downwards, and so on, step by step, to form a series of steps downwards. Figure 3 The stepped slope is shown. These stepped construction platforms 3 are used directly as transportation roads during the construction period, realizing integrated construction of "excavation face as transportation road" and greatly improving the efficiency of material transfer.

[0038] The transport road system 4 is crucial for connecting the open channel 1 and the initial dam 2. The main transport road is 7 meters wide with a slope controlled within 9%. The roadbed must be fully compacted, and the surface layer is paved with graded crushed stone and compacted. Figure 4 As shown, a simple drainage ditch 5 is excavated on the inner side of the road, and an earthen embankment 6 is piled up on the outer side to ensure driving safety and smooth drainage.

[0039] like Figure 5 As shown, the initial dam 2 was constructed using earth and rock excavated from the connecting open channel 1. During construction, a strict layered spreading and compaction process was employed, with compaction degree and porosity as the core control indicators. An accumulation dam was constructed upstream of the initial dam 2. As the dam body rose, the filter layer 7 and dry-laid stone facing 8 on its upstream slope were also constructed simultaneously.

[0040] Throughout the construction process, the excavation progress of the connecting open channel 1 was coordinated with the filling intensity of the initial dam 2 through construction schedule planning and on-site scheduling. This achieved a "dynamic balance between excavation and filling" and "immediate use upon excavation" of earth and rock materials, minimizing intermediate turnover and secondary transportation, greatly improving construction efficiency and reducing overall costs. Practice has shown that this collaborative construction method shortens the construction period by about one-third compared to the traditional separate construction method.

[0041] To quantitatively evaluate the overall technical effect of this invention, we compared the computer calculation results after using this technical solution for construction with those of traditional methods under the same terrain conditions.

[0042] Test group: Tailings pond A using the scheme of this invention (i.e., "connected open channel + stepped platform + ready to use after excavation").

[0043] Control group: Computer calculation results using the traditional scheme (i.e., "independent material yard + drainage well tunnel connection").

[0044] Based on the three dimensions of economy, construction efficiency, and operation and maintenance, the following quantifiable key performance indicators were set for tracking, monitoring and data collection.

[0045] The comparison results are as follows:

[0046] 1. Comparison of economic indicators

[0047] This invention achieves a synergistic cost reduction effect on core economic indicators by eliminating the independent drainage well-tunnel system and realizing the internal balance of "excavation and use" of earth and rock excavation. The cost reduction is far greater than the effect of simply superimposing the individual measures.

[0048] 2. Comparison of construction efficiency and schedule indicators

[0049] index Test group control group Comparison results Total construction period (months) 14 22 Shortened by 36.4% Earthwork transportation efficiency (m³ / shift) 210 (Short-distance direct transportation via stepped platform, gentle road gradient, high efficiency) 135 (The material yard is far from the dam, the road is rugged, and secondary transfers are frequent) An increase of 55.6% Critical path duration (in months) 12 (The connection between the open channel and the initial dam filling is carried out simultaneously, and they are each other's critical paths) 19 (Large-scale dam construction can only proceed after the tunnel is completed) Shortened by 36.8%

[0050] The integrated design of the "excavation face as transportation channel" in this invention solves the bottleneck problem of material transfer in mountainous areas, enabling seamless connection between the two major processes of excavation and filling, resulting in a significant synergistic effect of shortening the construction period by more than one-third, which is impossible to achieve with traditional separate construction.

[0051] 3. Comparison of project operation results

[0052] index Test group control group Comparison Results and Analysis Maximum water level difference in the reservoir area (m) 0.08 0.25 (flood season) This invention provides excellent water level uniformity, effectively ensuring flood control capacity. Annual dredging and maintenance frequency during operation 1-2 times (mechanical cleaning of open channels) 3-5 times (using high-pressure water jets to clear the tunnel) This invention is simple to maintain, low in cost, and low in risk. Inspection hours (hours / month) 8 24 This invention provides a clear view of the open channel status and high inspection efficiency.

[0053] This invention not only fundamentally eliminates the inherent risks of tunnel blockage and tailings leakage, but also ensures the uniformity of water level in the reservoir area through stable connectivity, bringing unexpected synergistic safety benefits—namely, effectively suppressing the abnormal rise of the dam's phreatic line caused by local water level spikes, an effect that is difficult to achieve in traditional designs.

[0054] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A tailings dam reservoir water area connectivity structure integrated with a dam construction material yard, characterized in that: The project includes a connecting open channel (1) built on the ridge (9) between the two gullies of the tailings dam. The bottom elevation of the connecting open channel (1) is configured to be at least 0.5 meters lower than the normal design water level of the tailings dam so as to ensure stable connection between the two gullies (10). The slope of the connecting open channel (1) is stepped, forming multiple construction platforms (3) that descend step by step. The construction platforms (3) also serve as roads for transporting earth and stone during the construction period. The earth and stone produced by the excavation of the connecting open channel (1) are used as dam construction materials for filling the initial dam (2) of the tailings dam, thereby realizing the integration of the water connection structure and the dam construction material yard.

2. The tailings dam reservoir water connectivity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a transport road system (4) connecting the open channel (1) and the initial dam (2); the road surface slope of the transport road system (4) is no more than 9°, the roadbed is compacted, and the road surface is paved with graded crushed stone.

3. The tailings dam reservoir water connectivity structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner side of the transport road system (4) is provided with a drainage ditch (5), and the outer side is provided with an earthen embankment (6).

4. The tailings dam reservoir water connectivity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The initial dam (2) is a dam body formed by the layering of soil and rock. An accumulation dam is provided upstream of the initial dam (2). A filter layer (7) is provided on the upstream slope of the accumulation dam, and a dry-laid stone facing (8) is provided on the top surface.

5. A construction method for a water connectivity structure in a tailings dam area, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: On the ridge (9) between the two ditches of the tailings dam, the construction sequence of blasting and excavation from top to bottom and in steps is adopted to form a connecting open channel (1) with the bottom elevation at least 0.5 meters lower than the normal design water level of the tailings dam, and to form a stepped slope, which constitutes multiple construction platforms (3) that descend step by step. S2: The soil and rock materials produced by excavating the connecting open channel (1) in step S1 are transported to the filling site of the initial dam (2) of the tailings dam through the construction platform (3) and the connected transportation road system (4), and the filling is carried out by the construction process of layer-by-layer paving and compaction. S3: During the excavation and filling process, construct a transportation road system (4) that connects the open channel (1) and the initial dam (2). Through construction organization control, the excavation progress of the connecting open channel (1) is dynamically matched with the filling intensity of the initial dam (2), so as to achieve the immediate use of soil and rock materials and the internal balance of the engineering earthwork.

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