Method for constructing dry stream by utilizing waste rocks of waste dump and dry stream structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration and landscape engineering, in particular to a method for constructing a dry stream through waste rocks of a waste dump and a dry stream structure.The method comprises the following specific operation steps that S1, site survey and design are conducted, specifically, terrain, geology and hydrology survey is conducted on an area, where a dry stream is to be constructed, around the waste dump, and the trend, length, width and depth of the dry stream are determined; according to the lithology and particle size distribution of waste rocks of the waste dump and in combination with the functional requirements of the dry stream, the cross section structure of the dry stream is designed, the cross section structure comprises a base layer, a waste rock cushion layer, a waste rock surface layer and an ecological vegetation zone, resource utilization of the waste rocks of the waste dump is achieved, and the construction cost of the dry stream is effectively reduced; it is ensured that the dry stream has excellent water permeability, structural stability and ecological compatibility, is suitable for scenes such as mine restoration, urban rainfall flood management and landscape construction, and has remarkable economic, ecological and social benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological restoration and landscape engineering technology, specifically to a method and structure for constructing a dry stream using waste rock from a spoil heap. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening of ecological civilization construction in my country, the demand for mine ecological restoration, urban stormwater management, and sponge city construction is increasing. Traditional dry stream construction often uses materials such as natural stone and concrete, which suffers from high costs, high resource consumption, and poor ecological compatibility. Especially in the field of mine restoration, the accumulation of large amounts of waste rock in spoil heaps not only occupies land resources but may also cause environmental problems such as geological disasters and water and soil pollution. How to achieve the resource utilization of waste rock from spoil heaps and construct a low-cost, high-ecological-benefit dry stream system has become a technical challenge that the industry urgently needs to solve.

[0003] While there are existing examples of using solid waste materials such as construction waste and tailings for road base and concrete preparation, their systematic application in dry creek structures still has the following drawbacks: 1. Unreasonable gradation of waste rock materials leads to excessively high or low porosity in the pavement layer, affecting permeability and structural stability; 2. The connection between the waterproof layer and the structural layer is not tight, which can easily lead to problems such as leakage and cracking; 3. The drainage system is poorly designed and cannot effectively cope with rainstorm runoff, leading to water accumulation or erosion damage in dry streams; 4. Poor ecological compatibility, lack of space for native plants to grow, and difficulty in forming a stable ecosystem; 5. Non-standard construction techniques and lack of quality testing methods lead to insufficient project durability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a method and structure for constructing dry streams using waste rock from spoil heaps, which can effectively solve the problems in the existing technology.

[0005] This invention provides a method for constructing a dry stream using waste rock from a spoil heap, as well as the dry stream structure. The specific operation steps are as follows: S1: Site survey and design. Conduct topographic, geological, and hydrological surveys of the area around the spoil heap where a dry stream will be constructed to determine the direction, length, width, and depth of the dry stream. Based on the lithology and particle size distribution of the waste rock in the spoil heap, and in combination with the functional requirements of the dry stream, design the cross-sectional structure of the dry stream, including the base layer, waste rock cushion layer, waste rock surface layer, and ecological vegetation belt. S2: Pre-treatment of waste rock from spoil heaps, including screening of waste rock; shaping of waste rock of various sizes, and washing and impurity removal, controlling the mud content to ≤3%; S3: Subgrade treatment: Backfill and compact the plain soil subgrade in layers, with each layer ≤300mm thick and compaction density ≥95%. Use the ring cutter method for sampling and testing. S4: Construction of the seepage prevention layer: Lay a 150mm thick crushed stone cushion layer on the plain soil foundation, with a compaction coefficient ≥0.93; lay a bentonite waterproof membrane on it, with an overlap width ≥200mm, and seal it with special adhesive tape; S5: Structural layer construction: Pour a 100mm thick C15 concrete pad on the waterproof membrane, with an embedded Φ8@200mm steel mesh; then apply a 25mm thick M15 cement mortar bonding layer on top. S6: Finishing layer paving: Lay a 20-50mm diameter pebble finishing layer on the bonding layer, with a thickness of 80-100mm; simultaneously lay natural landscape stone groups, with a single stone mass ≥500kg and an embedding depth ≥1 / 3 of the stone height; S7: Drainage system installation: Drainage outlets are set in low-lying areas of the dry stream, using precast reinforced concrete components with a crushed stone filter layer inside. The outlet elevation is 50-100mm lower than the stream bed surface. S8: Ecological maintenance: After construction, a 28-day period of moisturizing maintenance will be carried out, and the structural stability and water permeability will be tested regularly.

[0006] Furthermore, the waste rock in the spoil heap in S2 includes one or more combinations of mine spoil heaps, concrete blocks from construction waste, and stone waste, which are crushed and screened to obtain the graded crushed stone.

[0007] Furthermore, in S2, waste rock is classified according to particle size as follows: waste rock with a particle size >30cm is large waste rock, waste rock with a particle size of 10-30cm is medium waste rock, and waste rock with a particle size <10cm is small waste rock; the waste rock is cleaned and its strength is tested, and waste rock that is severely weathered or has insufficient strength is removed.

[0008] Furthermore, the natural landscape stone group is made of local stone, which is weathered and then arranged to form a natural stream shape. The stones are fixed together using mortise and tenon joints.

[0009] Furthermore, the bentonite waterproof membrane is composed of sodium-based bentonite and geotextile, with a unit area mass ≥4800g / m². 2 Permeability coefficient ≤ 5 × 10 -11 m / s.

[0010] Furthermore, the drain outlet is equipped with a three-stage gravel filter layer, with gravel particle sizes of 5-10mm, 10-20mm, and 20-30mm from top to bottom, and a total thickness of ≥300mm.

[0011] Furthermore, ecological vegetation belts were set up on the slopes on both sides of the dry stream, and local herbaceous plant seeds were sown on both sides of the dry stream and in the crevices of the scenic rocks using topsoil spraying technology.

[0012] Furthermore, after construction is completed, the waste rock structure of the dry stream will be inspected, and any loose waste rocks will be repaired promptly. The vegetation will be watered and fertilized until the survival rate reaches over 90%. Debris and accumulated silt will be regularly removed from the dry stream to ensure its permeability and aesthetic appeal. A dry creek structure for realizing any one of claims 1-8, a method for constructing a dry creek using waste rock from a spoil heap, comprising, from top to bottom, the following: Pebble veneer layer, 80-100mm thick, 20-50mm in particle size; Natural landscape stone group, individual landscape stone weight ≥ 500 kg, embedding depth ≥ 1 / 3 of the landscape stone height; Drainage outlet; 25mm thick M15 cement mortar bonding layer; 100mm thick C15 concrete cushion layer with built-in Φ8@200mm steel mesh; Bentonite waterproof membrane, with a unit area mass ≥4800g / m² 2 ; A 50mm thick crushed stone subbase with a compaction coefficient ≥0.93; The subgrade should be compacted with a compaction density of ≥95%. Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: using waste rock from spoil heaps as the core raw material, and through targeted pretreatment processes such as screening, shaping, and washing, the waste rock that would otherwise need to be landfilled is transformed into raw materials for the subbase, surface layer, and landscape stone groups required for dry stream construction. This effectively solves the land occupation and ecological pollution problems caused by the accumulation of waste rock from spoil heaps, and achieves the efficient resource utilization of solid waste. Compared with the traditional method of using natural sand and gravel for dry streams, this method reduces the mining of natural stone resources, reduces damage to the natural ecological environment, and conforms to the development requirements of green, low-carbon, and circular economy. At the same time, the local utilization of waste rock also significantly reduces the transportation distance of raw materials, reduces energy consumption and carbon emissions during transportation, and further improves the environmental benefits of the project.

[0013] In this invention, through scientific site survey and design, combined with the lithology and particle size distribution characteristics of the waste rock in the spoil heap, a multi-layer composite cross-sectional structure was designed, consisting of "compacted subgrade, crushed stone cushion layer, bentonite waterproof membrane, concrete cushion layer, cement mortar bonding layer, and waste rock finishing layer." Each layer works synergistically to significantly improve the overall structural stability of the dry ditch. Specifically, the layered compaction of the subgrade ensures the foundation's bearing capacity, and the requirement of a compaction density ≥95% ensures the foundation's stability. The combined design of the bentonite waterproof membrane with the crushed stone cushion layer and graded sand and gravel base layer effectively improves the dry ditch's seepage prevention performance, with a permeability coefficient ≤5×10⁻⁶. -11The bentonite waterproof membrane with a speed of m / s can effectively block water infiltration and avoid affecting the geological structure of the spoil heap area; the concrete cushion layer with built-in steel mesh enhances the deformation resistance of the dry creek structure and improves the durability of the dry creek. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a method for constructing a dry stream using waste rock from a spoil heap, as described in this invention.

[0016] The labels in the diagram represent: 1. cobblestone veneer layer; 2. natural landscape stone; 3. drainage outlet; 4. cement mortar bonding layer; 5. concrete subbase; 6. waterproof membrane; 7. crushed stone subbase; 8. plain soil subbase. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0019] Example 1: A method for constructing a dry stream using waste rock from a spoil heap, as shown in the attached document. Figure 1 The specific operating steps are as follows: S1: Site survey and design. Conduct topographic, geological, and hydrological surveys of the area around the spoil heap where a dry stream will be constructed to determine the direction, length, width, and depth of the dry stream. Based on the lithology and particle size distribution of the waste rock in the spoil heap, and in combination with the functional requirements of the dry stream, design the cross-sectional structure of the dry stream, including the base layer, waste rock cushion layer, waste rock surface layer, and ecological vegetation belt. S2: Pre-treatment of waste rock from spoil heaps, including screening the waste rock; shaping waste rock of various sizes, and washing and removing impurities to control the mud content to ≤3%. The waste rock used in this invention includes waste rock from mine spoil heaps, concrete blocks from construction waste, stone processing waste, etc., and requires that the chemical composition of the waste rock be stable and free from radioactive pollution. Jaw crushers and impact crushers are used for multi-stage crushing, and graded crushed stone with a particle size of 5-200mm is obtained through vibrating screening equipment.

[0020] The specific gradation requirements are as follows: 20% of particles with a diameter of 5mm, 30% of particles with a diameter of 20mm, 40% of particles with a diameter of 20mm, and 10% of particles with a diameter of 50mm, ensuring that the porosity is controlled within 30% to balance permeability and structural strength; water washing equipment is used to remove impurities such as mud and dust from the surface of the crushed stone, controlling the mud content to ≤3%, ensuring the surface of the crushed stone is clean and improving its bonding performance with cement mortar; crushing value, needle-like and flaky content, and soundness are tested to ensure that the quality of the waste stone meets the requirements of engineering applications.

[0021] S3: Subgrade Treatment Process; Excavate the subgrade (8 layers) according to the design elevation. The excavation depth should meet the total thickness requirements of the dry creek structure layer, and allow for 100-150mm of settlement. Backfill with subgrade in layers (8 layers), each layer ≤300mm thick. Compact the subgrade using a vibratory plate compactor or heavy roller. The number of compaction passes depends on the soil type, ensuring a compaction density ≥95%. After each layer is compacted, use the ring cutter method for sampling and testing. Sampling points should be evenly distributed, every 500m. 2 No fewer than 3 sampling points; after the subgrade is compacted, a grader is used for fine leveling to ensure that the surface flatness deviation of the subgrade is ≤20mm, the slope meets the design requirements, and water accumulation is avoided.

[0022] S4: Construction process of the impermeable layer: A 150mm thick crushed stone cushion layer 7 is laid on the plain soil subgrade 8. The crushed stone particle size is 5-20mm. Mechanical spreading is used to ensure that the surface of the cushion layer is flat and the thickness is uniform. The compaction coefficient of the crushed stone cushion layer 7 is ≥0.93, and the sand cone method is used for testing. Bentonite waterproof membrane 6 is laid on the crushed stone cushion layer 7. It is made of sodium bentonite and geotextile composite, with a unit area mass ≥4800g / m². 2 Permeability coefficient ≤ 5 × 10 -11 At a speed of m / s, a 10-20cm thick layer of graded sand and gravel is laid on top of the impermeable layer. This layer is compacted using a road roller to a compaction degree of not less than 90%. The waterproof membrane should be laid smoothly, without wrinkles or damage, with an overlap width of ≥200mm, and sealed using specialized adhesive tape. Additional layers should be applied to reinforce corners, pipe openings, and other areas to ensure effective seepage prevention. A non-woven fabric protective layer with a thickness of ≥200g / m² is then laid on top of the waterproof membrane. 2 This is to prevent subsequent construction from damaging the waterproof membrane.

[0023] S5: Structural Layer Construction Process: A 100mm thick C15 concrete cushion layer (5) is poured on top of the protective layer. Ready-mixed concrete is used, with a slump controlled at 120-160mm. A Φ8@200mm steel mesh is installed within the cushion layer, connected by binding or welding to ensure accurate placement. The protective layer thickness is ≥20mm. After pouring, the concrete is compacted using a plate vibrator. A 25mm thick M15 cement mortar bonding layer (4) is applied on top of the concrete cushion layer. Medium sand with a mud content ≤3% and cement strength grade ≥42.5 is used. The mortar mix proportion should be determined through testing to ensure workability and bond strength meet requirements. The bonding layer construction should be carried out in sections, with each section having an area ≤6m². 2 The surface is smoothed using an aluminum alloy scraper and roughened with a wooden trowel to ensure a firm bond with the finish layer.

[0024] S6. Finishing Layer Paving Process: Lay 20-50mm diameter pebbles on the bonding layer, with a thickness of 80mm. The pebbles should be round, crack-free, and uniformly colored. They should be laid manually to ensure a tight arrangement, uniform gaps, and a surface flatness deviation ≤5mm. A 2% settlement allowance should be reserved during paving to prevent unevenness due to later settlement. Simultaneously, a natural landscape stone group 2 should be laid. These stones should be local stone, weathered to achieve a natural shape. Each stone should weigh ≥500kg and be embedded at a depth ≥1 / 3 of its height to ensure stability. The stones should be joined using mortise and tenon joints to form an overall framework, enhancing the structural stability of the dry stream. The stone arrangement should simulate the natural stream's form, creating diverse landscape effects such as deep pools, shallows, and rapids.

[0025] S7. Drainage System Installation Process: Drainage outlet 3 is installed in the low-lying area of ​​the dry stream, using precast reinforced concrete components. The size is determined according to the drainage volume requirements, generally with a diameter of 300mm. A three-stage crushed stone filter layer is installed inside the drainage outlet, with crushed stone particle sizes of 5mm, 10mm, and 20mm from top to bottom, and a total thickness ≥300mm. The filter layer and the inner wall of the drainage outlet are wrapped with wire mesh to prevent crushed stone loss. The drainage outlet outlet is connected to the municipal stormwater network or storage tank via a drainage pipe with a slope ≥1% to ensure smooth drainage. The drainage pipe uses HDPE double-wall corrugated pipe with a ring stiffness ≥8kN / m. 2 The interface is sealed with a rubber ring to ensure no leakage.

[0026] S8. Ecological Maintenance Process: Immediately after construction, cover the surface with non-woven fabric or straw mats for 28 days of moisture retention maintenance, watering 3-5 times daily to keep the surface moist and prevent cracking. During the maintenance period, prohibit personnel and vehicle traffic to avoid damage to the structure. After the maintenance period, sow local herbaceous plant seeds along both sides of the dry stream and in the crevices of the landscape stones to promote vegetation recovery and form a stable ecosystem. Regularly perform pruning, replanting, and other maintenance work to ensure the long-term stability of the landscape effect.

[0027] In this embodiment, waste rock from a spoil heap is used as the core raw material. Through targeted pretreatment processes such as screening, shaping, and washing, the waste rock, which would otherwise need to be landfilled, is transformed into raw materials for the subbase, surface layer, and landscape stone groups required for the construction of the dry stream. This effectively solves the land occupation and ecological pollution problems caused by the accumulation of waste rock from spoil heaps, and achieves the efficient resource utilization of solid waste. Compared with the traditional method of using natural sand and gravel for dry streams, this method reduces the mining of natural stone resources, reduces damage to the natural ecological environment, and conforms to the development requirements of green, low-carbon, and circular economy. At the same time, the local utilization of waste rock also significantly reduces the transportation distance of raw materials, reduces energy consumption and carbon emissions during transportation, and further improves the environmental benefits of the project.

[0028] Example 2: S1: Site survey and design. Conduct topographic, geological, and hydrological surveys of the area around the spoil heap where a dry stream will be constructed to determine the direction, length, width, and depth of the dry stream. Based on the lithology and particle size distribution of the waste rock in the spoil heap, and in combination with the functional requirements of the dry stream, design the cross-sectional structure of the dry stream, including the base layer, waste rock cushion layer, waste rock surface layer, and ecological vegetation belt. S2: Pre-treatment of waste rock from spoil heaps, including screening the waste rock; shaping waste rock of various sizes, and washing and removing impurities to control the mud content to ≤3%. The waste rock used in this invention includes waste rock from mine spoil heaps, concrete blocks from construction waste, stone processing waste, etc., and requires that the chemical composition of the waste rock be stable and free from radioactive pollution. Jaw crushers and impact crushers are used for multi-stage crushing, and graded crushed stone with a particle size of 5-200mm is obtained through vibrating screening equipment.

[0029] The specific gradation requirements are as follows: 15% of particles with a diameter of 10mm, 30% of particles with a diameter of 20mm, 40% of particles with a diameter of 50mm, and 15% of particles with a diameter of 200mm, ensuring that the porosity is controlled within 35% to balance permeability and structural strength; water washing equipment is used to remove impurities such as mud and dust from the surface of the crushed stone, controlling the mud content to ≤3%, ensuring the cleanliness of the crushed stone surface and improving its bonding performance with cement mortar; crushing value, needle-like and flaky content, and soundness are tested to ensure that the quality of the waste stone meets the requirements of engineering applications.

[0030] S3: Subgrade Treatment Process; Excavate the subgrade according to the design elevation. The excavation depth should meet the total thickness requirements of the dry stream structure layer, with a 150mm settlement allowance. Backfill with plain soil in layers, each layer ≤300mm thick. Compact the soil using a vibratory plate compactor or heavy roller. The number of compaction passes depends on the soil type, ensuring a compaction density ≥95%. After each layer is compacted, use a ring cutter method for sampling and testing. Sampling points should be evenly distributed, every 500m. 2No fewer than 3 sampling points; after the subgrade is compacted, a grader is used for fine leveling to ensure that the surface flatness deviation of the subgrade is ≤20mm, the slope meets the design requirements, and water accumulation is avoided.

[0031] S4: Construction process of the impermeable layer: A 150mm thick crushed stone cushion layer with a particle size of 20mm is laid on the foundation. Mechanical spreading is used to ensure that the surface of the cushion layer is flat and the thickness is uniform. The compaction coefficient of the crushed stone cushion layer is ≥0.93, and the sand cone method is used for testing. A bentonite waterproof membrane, made of sodium bentonite and geotextile composite, is laid on the crushed stone cushion layer, with a unit area mass ≥4800g / m². 2 Permeability coefficient ≤ 5 × 10 -11 m / s. The waterproof membrane should be laid smoothly, without wrinkles or damage, with an overlap width of ≥200mm, and sealed using special adhesive tape. Additional layers should be applied to reinforce corners, pipe openings, and other areas to ensure effective seepage prevention. A non-woven fabric protective layer with a thickness of ≥200g / m² should be laid on top of the waterproof membrane. 2 This is to prevent subsequent construction from damaging the waterproof membrane.

[0032] S5: Structural Layer Construction Process: A 100mm thick C15 concrete subbase is poured on top of the protective layer. Ready-mixed concrete is used, with a slump controlled at 160mm. A Φ8@200mm steel mesh is installed within the subbase, connected by binding or welding to ensure accurate placement. The protective layer thickness is ≥20mm. After pouring, the concrete is compacted using a plate vibrator. A 25mm thick M15 cement mortar bonding layer is applied on top of the concrete subbase. Medium sand with a mud content ≤3% and cement strength grade ≥42.5 is used. The mortar mix proportion should be determined through testing to ensure workability and bond strength meet requirements. The bonding layer construction should be carried out in sections, with each section ≤6m². 2 The surface is smoothed using an aluminum alloy scraper and roughened with a wooden trowel to ensure a firm bond with the finish layer.

[0033] S6. Finishing Layer Paving Process: Lay 50mm diameter pebbles on the bonding layer, with a thickness of 100mm. The pebbles should be round, crack-free, and uniformly colored. They should be laid manually to ensure a tight arrangement, uniform gaps, and a surface flatness deviation ≤5mm. A 2%-3% settlement allowance should be reserved during paving to prevent unevenness due to later settlement. Simultaneously, a natural landscape stone group should be laid. The stones should be local stone, weathered to achieve a natural shape. Each stone should weigh ≥500kg and be embedded at a depth ≥1 / 3 of its height to ensure stability. The stones should be joined using mortise and tenon joints to form an overall framework, enhancing the structural stability of the dry stream. The stone arrangement should simulate the natural stream's shape, creating diverse landscape effects such as deep pools, shallows, and rapids.

[0034] S7. Drainage System Installation Process: Drainage outlets are installed in low-lying areas of the dry stream, using precast reinforced concrete components. The dimensions are determined based on drainage requirements, typically with a diameter of 600mm. A three-stage crushed stone filter layer is installed inside the drainage outlet, with crushed stone particle sizes of 10mm, 20mm, and 30mm from top to bottom, and a total thickness ≥300mm. The filter layer and the inner wall of the drainage outlet are wrapped with wire mesh to prevent crushed stone loss. The drainage outlet outlet is connected to the municipal stormwater network or storage tank via a drainage pipe with a slope ≥1% to ensure unobstructed drainage. The drainage pipe uses HDPE double-wall corrugated pipe with a ring stiffness ≥8kN / m. 2 The interface is sealed with a rubber ring to ensure no leakage.

[0035] S8. Ecological Maintenance Process: Immediately after construction, cover the surface with non-woven fabric or straw mats for 28 days of moisture retention maintenance, watering 3-5 times daily to keep the surface moist and prevent cracking. During the maintenance period, prohibit personnel and vehicle traffic to avoid damage to the structure. After the maintenance period, sow local herbaceous plant seeds along both sides of the dry stream and in the crevices of the landscape stones to promote vegetation recovery and form a stable ecosystem. Regularly perform pruning, replanting, and other maintenance work to ensure the long-term stability of the landscape effect.

[0036] Through scientific site survey and design, and considering the lithology and particle size distribution characteristics of the waste rock in the spoil heap, a multi-layered composite cross-sectional structure was designed, consisting of a compacted subgrade, a crushed stone cushion layer, a bentonite waterproof membrane, a concrete cushion layer, a cement mortar bonding layer, and a waste rock finishing layer. Each layer works synergistically to significantly improve the overall structural stability of the dry creek. Specifically, the layered compaction of the subgrade ensures the foundation's bearing capacity, and the requirement of a compaction density ≥95% ensures the foundation's stability. The combined design of the bentonite waterproof membrane with the crushed stone cushion layer and the graded sand and gravel base layer effectively improves the dry creek's seepage prevention performance, with a permeability coefficient ≤5×10⁻⁶. -11 The bentonite waterproof membrane with a speed of m / s can effectively block water infiltration and avoid affecting the geological structure of the spoil heap area; the concrete cushion layer with built-in steel mesh enhances the deformation resistance of the dry creek structure and improves the durability of the dry creek.

[0037] Example 3: A dry stream structure, comprising, from top to bottom: Pebble finishing layer 1, thickness 80-100mm, particle size 20-50mm; Natural landscape stone group 2, individual landscape stone weight ≥ 500 kg, embedding depth ≥ 1 / 3 of the landscape stone height; Drain outlet 3; 25mm thick M15 cement mortar bonding layer 4; 5. 100mm thick C15 concrete cushion layer with built-in Φ8@200mm steel mesh; Bentonite waterproof membrane 6, unit area mass ≥4800g / m 2 ; 50mm thick crushed stone cushion layer 7, compaction coefficient ≥0.93; 8. Compacted subgrade soil with a compaction density of ≥95%.

[0038] This method incorporates a comprehensive ecological design concept into the construction of the dry stream. By establishing ecological vegetation strips on both sides of the dry stream and using hydroseeding technology to mix topsoil from the spoil heap, organic fertilizer, and native plant seeds, a composite ecosystem of "dry stream structure + vegetation cover" is formed. The plant roots effectively stabilize waste rock and slope soil, further reducing soil erosion and improving the quality of ecological restoration in the spoil heap area. The selection of native plants increases the survival rate and adaptability of the vegetation, reduces maintenance costs, and provides habitats for local flora and fauna, promoting the restoration and balance of the ecosystem.

[0039] In terms of landscape effect, this method uses local stone that has been weathered and arranged into a natural landscape stone group, combined with a pebble veneer layer 1 to simulate the form of a natural stream, so that the dry stream is highly integrated with the surrounding natural environment, thus improving the quality of the regional landscape. The natural arrangement of the landscape stone group and the growth of vegetation create a natural and harmonious landscape atmosphere, solving the problems of monotonous landscape and poor ecological environment in traditional spoil heap areas, and achieving the organic unity of ecological restoration and landscape construction.

[0040] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a dry stream using waste rock from a spoil heap, characterized in that, The specific operating steps are as follows: S1: Site survey and design. Conduct topographic, geological, and hydrological surveys of the area around the spoil heap where a dry stream will be constructed to determine the direction, length, width, and depth of the dry stream. Based on the lithology and particle size distribution of the waste rock in the spoil heap, and in combination with the functional requirements of the dry stream, design the cross-sectional structure of the dry stream, including the base layer, waste rock cushion layer, waste rock surface layer, and ecological vegetation belt. S2: Pre-treatment of waste rock from spoil heaps, including screening of waste rock; shaping of waste rock of various sizes, and washing and impurity removal, controlling the mud content to ≤3%; S3: Subgrade treatment: Backfill and compact the subgrade (8) in layers, with each layer having a thickness of ≤300mm and a compaction density of ≥95%. Use the ring cutter method for sampling and testing. S4: Construction of the seepage prevention layer: Lay a 150mm thick crushed stone cushion layer (7) on the plain soil bed (8), with a compaction coefficient ≥0.93; lay a bentonite waterproof membrane (6) on it, with an overlap width ≥200mm, and seal it with special adhesive tape; S5: Structural layer construction: Pour a 100mm thick C15 concrete pad (5) on the waterproof membrane (6), with Φ8@200mm steel mesh inside; and apply a 25mm thick M15 cement mortar bonding layer (4) on top. S6: Finishing layer paving: Lay a 20-50mm diameter pebble finishing layer (1) on the bonding layer, with a thickness of 80-100mm; Simultaneously lay a natural landscape stone group (2), with a single stone mass ≥500kg and an embedding depth ≥1 / 3 of the stone height; S7: Drainage system installation: Set up drainage outlets (3) in the low-lying areas of the dry stream, using precast reinforced concrete components with a crushed stone filter layer inside, and the outlet elevation is 50-100mm lower than the surface of the stream bed. S8: Ecological maintenance: After construction, a 28-day period of moisturizing maintenance will be carried out, and the structural stability and water permeability will be tested regularly.

2. The method for constructing a dry stream using waste rock from a spoil heap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste rock in S2 includes one or more combinations of mine waste dumps, concrete blocks from construction waste, and stone waste, which are crushed and screened to obtain the graded crushed stone.

3. The method for constructing a dry stream using waste rock from a spoil heap according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, waste rock is classified according to particle size, with specific gradation requirements as follows: 5-10mm accounts for 15%-20%, 10-20mm accounts for 30%-35%, 20-50mm accounts for 40%-45%, and 50-200mm accounts for 10%-15%, ensuring that the porosity is controlled between 30%-35%. The waste rock is cleaned and its strength is tested, and waste rock that is severely weathered or has insufficient strength is removed.

4. The method for constructing a dry stream using waste rock from a spoil heap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The natural landscape stone group is made of local stone, which is weathered and then arranged to form a natural stream shape. The stones are fixed together by mortise and tenon joints.

5. A method for constructing a dry stream using waste rock from a spoil heap according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bentonite waterproof membrane (6) is made of sodium-based bentonite and geotextile, with a unit area mass ≥4800g / m². 2 Permeability coefficient ≤ 5×10 -11 m / s.

6. A method for constructing a dry stream using waste rock from a spoil heap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drain outlet (3) is equipped with a three-stage crushed stone filter layer. The crushed stone particle sizes from top to bottom are 5-10mm, 10-20mm, and 20-30mm, respectively, with a total thickness of ≥300mm.

7. A method for constructing a dry stream using waste rock from a spoil heap according to claim 1, characterized in that, Ecological vegetation belts were set up on the slopes on both sides of the dry stream, and local herbaceous plant seeds were sown on both sides of the dry stream and in the crevices of the scenic rocks using the topsoil spraying technique.

8. A method for constructing a dry stream using waste rock from a spoil heap according to claim 1, characterized in that, After construction is completed, the waste rock structure of the dry stream will be inspected and any loose waste rocks will be repaired in a timely manner; the vegetation will be watered and fertilized until the survival rate of the vegetation reaches more than 90%; debris and silt in the dry stream will be cleaned regularly to ensure the permeability and landscape effect of the dry stream.

9. A dry stream structure for realizing any one of claims 1-8, a method for constructing a dry stream using waste rock from a spoil heap, characterized in that, The following are set from top to bottom: Pebble surface layer (1), 80-100mm thick, 20-50mm in particle size; Natural landscape stone group (2), the weight of a single landscape stone is ≥500kg, and the embedding depth is ≥1 / 3 of the height of the landscape stone; Drainage outlet (3); 25mm thick M15 cement mortar bonding layer (4); 100mm thick C15 concrete cushion layer (5), with built-in Φ8@200mm steel mesh; Bentonite waterproof membrane (6), unit area mass ≥4800g / m 2 ; 50mm thick crushed stone cushion layer (7), compaction coefficient ≥0.93; The subgrade bed is compacted with plain soil (8), and the compaction density is ≥95%.

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