Ultrahigh slope trimming construction method based on guide type throwing blasting
By combining guided blasting and interception components, the problems of low efficiency and high cost in the excavation of ultra-high slopes were solved, achieving efficient and safe slope repair and ensuring construction quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for excavating ultra-high slopes are inefficient, costly, and pose safety hazards, making it difficult to effectively repair ultra-high slopes to meet design requirements.
The guided blasting method is adopted, which uses interception components to guide the blasted soil to form inner and outer slopes layer by layer. The combination of pre-blasting, crushing blasting and blasting can achieve precise filling and safety control.
It improves the efficiency of ultra-high slope repair construction, reduces costs, prevents soil splashing and safety accidents, and ensures that the construction quality meets design requirements.
Smart Images
Figure CN121782954A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of civil engineering technology, specifically relating to a construction method for repairing ultra-high slopes based on guided throwing blasting. Background Technology
[0002] (1) In highway engineering, there is usually a large amount of earthwork. During the construction process, due to problems in construction organization, the spoil heap may not be disposed of in layers according to the design drawings. During the peak construction period, a large amount of earthwork needs to be disposed of. The construction team did not arrange machinery for layered disposal, compaction, slope correction and other work. The rapidly piled earth and stone will form super high slopes, which can reach 50-60 m. The slope ratio on one side of the slope is large, the piled soil is loose, and the risk of sliding is high. In addition, the high slope does not meet the requirements of the spoil heap in the design drawings, which makes it impossible to carry out normal revegetation and reclamation and handover acceptance. Therefore, it is necessary to repair the slope of the spoil heap after the spoil is disposed of. However, due to the excessively high and steep slope caused by the previous filling, there is currently no particularly good way to deal with it. The only options are to build a temporary road from the top of the spoil heap to the bottom, excavate soil in layers and transport it to the bottom of the slope for refilling; or to use an excavator to dump soil from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope and then repair it. However, this method is inefficient, costly and prone to safety accidents.
[0003] (2) In the construction of mountain expressways, there are also some super high slopes to be excavated. Excavation is more difficult when the slope is too high, which not only results in high cost but also low construction efficiency.
[0004] (3) Water conservancy and hydropower projects usually need to be constructed in high mountains and valleys, and also face the excavation of ultra-high slopes. These ultra-high slopes are very important in water conservancy and hydropower projects, not only bearing the safety protection function of the dam, but also being a key project for controlling the progress of the project construction. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a construction method for ultra-high slope repair based on guided blasting, thereby solving the problems of low efficiency and high cost in the excavation and construction of ultra-high slopes in the prior art.
[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solution.
[0007] The construction method for repairing ultra-high slopes based on guided blasting is characterized by the following steps: S1. Determine the design slope The design slope is determined based on the survey data of the slope to be repaired. The design slope includes several alternating steps and several slope surfaces. The slope surfaces include several inner slope surfaces located within the soil of the slope to be repaired, and several outer slope surfaces located wholly or partially outside the soil of the slope to be repaired. S2, Delineate blasting layers Using the steps as the stratification boundary and the inner slope surface as the internal boundary, the soil of the slope to be repaired outside the designed slope is divided into several blasting layers from top to bottom. S3, First stage of slope trimming construction First, interception components are deployed on the bottom outer slope. Then, the soil in each blasting layer area is blasted layer by layer from top to bottom to form the corresponding inner slope. At the same time, the interception components guide the thrown soil generated by the blast until the thrown soil completely fills the bottom outer slope. Then, the blasting construction is stopped. S4. Second stage of slope trimming construction From bottom to top, interception components are deployed on the next outer slope. Then, from top to bottom, the soil in the remaining blasting layer area is blasted layer by layer to form the corresponding inner slope. At the same time, the interception components guide the thrown soil generated by the blast until the thrown soil completely fills the next outer slope. Then, the blasting construction is stopped. S5. Subsequent stages of slope trimming construction The slope trimming construction is carried out in the following cycle according to step S4, so as to form the inner slope surface by blasting from top to bottom through each blasting layer and to form the outer slope surface by guiding the thrown soil generated by the blasting from bottom to top through the interception component, until the top outer slope surface connects with the bottom inner slope surface.
[0008] Preferably, the ratio of earthwork volume in the blasting layer area to the earthwork volume required for filling the outer slope is controlled at 1.05-1.2:1.
[0009] Preferably, the combined blasting includes: first, using the steps at the top and bottom of the blasting layer as the upper and lower boundaries, performing pre-blasting along the inner slope surface corresponding to the blasting layer; then, performing crushing blasting on the soil within the blasting layer area; and finally, performing throwing blasting.
[0010] Preferably, the specific method of the throwing blast is as follows: Calculate the volume of earth and rock in the blasting layer; Blasting parameters are determined based on the volume of earth and rock in the blasting layer and the throwing distance. Blasting parameters include the amount of explosive and the arrangement of blast holes. Throwing blasting was carried out according to the blasting parameters.
[0011] Preferably, the blasting is carried out in sections, that is, the blasting layer is divided into several sections from the outside of the slope to the inside of the slope, and blasting holes are set and explosives are placed in each section in sequence. By controlling the number of blasting sections, the blasted soil is completely filled on the current outer slope surface. Then the blasting is stopped and the next stage of slope repair construction is carried out. The remaining unblasted sections are used for the next stage of slope repair construction.
[0012] Preferably, the method for deploying the interception component is as follows: the interception net is deployed along the designed slope direction between the step at the top of the blasting layer to be blasted and the bottom of the outer slope surface to be filled, and the lower area of the interception net is fixed by the tensioning member to form a backfilling guide surface with the same posture as the corresponding outer slope surface and the net surface in a taut state, while controlling the remaining area of the interception net to be in a relaxed state to form a free interception surface.
[0013] Preferably, the interception net includes a wire mesh and a nylon mesh with a fine mesh attached to the outer surface of the wire mesh.
[0014] Preferably, the method for deploying the interception components further includes: setting slope top fixing piles and buffer springs on the steps at the top of the blasting layer to be blasted, and setting slope bottom fixing piles on the bottom of the outer slope surface to be filled. The upper end of the interception net is connected to the fixed pile at the top of the slope via a buffer spring, and the lower end of the interception net is connected to the fixed pile at the bottom of the slope. Then, the tensioning components are installed.
[0015] Preferably, during each stage of slope trimming construction, the same interception component is used sequentially on each outer slope surface to guide the soil thrown out by blasting. The specific method is as follows: When the current outer slope surface to be filled is completed, move the slope bottom fixing piles up to the slope bottom of the next outer slope surface to be filled, roll up the lower end of the interception net and connect it to the slope bottom fixing piles, and at the same time disassemble the traction components to fix the lower area of the interception net to form the next backfill guide surface.
[0016] Preferably, in the slope repair construction at each stage, after the blasting layer is blasted in combination, the remaining blast piles left in the blasting layer area are mechanically piled up.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention guides the thrown soil generated by blasting by setting up an interception component. First, it can guide backfilling to form an outer slope while the inner slope is formed by blasting, and the formed outer and inner slopes do not require secondary repair, which greatly improves the efficiency of correcting and dealing with super-high slopes and reduces the treatment cost. Second, the interception component can also prevent soil from splashing outside the red line and causing the problem of encroaching on the red line. Third, the interception component can intercept the splashed soil and rocks generated by blasting to prevent safety accidents.
[0018] 2. In this invention, by using a combination of pre-blasting, crushing blasting and throwing blasting for each blasting layer, and by using a segmented throwing blasting method, the volume of the remaining blast pile can be reduced, and precise filling of each outer slope surface can be achieved, reducing the difficulty of subsequent disposal. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1A schematic diagram for determining the design slope and dividing the blasting layers; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first phase of slope trimming construction. Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the interception network structure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second phase of slope trimming construction. Figure 6 To determine the schematic diagram of the designed slope; Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the division of blasting layers; Figure 8 A schematic diagram illustrating the deployment of interception components and pre-blasting of the blasting layer B1 during the first phase of slope trimming construction. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the fracturing blasting of the blasting layer B1; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the aftermath of the fracturing blasting of the blasting layer B1; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of segmented blasting of the blasting layer B1; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the result of combined blasting of blasting layer B1; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the aftermath of a throwing blast on sections Q21, Q22, and Q23 of blasting layer B2; Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a blasting operation for blasting layer B3; Figure 15 A schematic diagram of a blasting operation for blasting layer B4; Figure 16 A schematic diagram showing the aftermath of a blasting explosion on blast layer B4; The meanings of the markings in the above diagrams are as follows: Design slope 1, Step 101, Slope surface 102, Inner slope surface 1021, Outer slope surface 1022, Blasting layer 2, Interception component 3, Interception net 301, Backfill guide surface 3011, Free interception surface 3012, Wire mesh 3013, Nylon mesh 3014, Tensioner 302, Slope top fixing pile 303, Buffer spring 304, Slope bottom fixing pile 305, Retaining wall 4, Slope to be repaired 5, Remaining blast pile 6, Explosives 7. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are merely illustrative examples of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. The described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1
[0021] This embodiment provides a construction method for repairing ultra-high slopes based on guided blasting. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 1 to 5 It includes the following steps: S1. Determine the design slope Please see Figure 1 Based on the survey data of the slope 5 to be repaired, the design slope 1 is determined. The design slope 1 includes several alternating steps 101 and several slope surfaces 102. The slope surface 102 includes several inner slope surfaces 1021 located within the soil of the slope 5 to be repaired, and several outer slope surfaces 1022 located entirely or partially outside the soil of the slope 5 to be repaired. S2, Delineate blasting layers Please see Figure 1 Using step 101 as the layer boundary and inner slope surface 1021 as the inner boundary, the soil of the slope 5 to be repaired outside the design slope 1 is divided into several blasting layers 2 from top to bottom. S3, First stage of slope trimming construction Please see Figure 2 First, interception components 3 are deployed on the bottom outer slope 1022. Then, the soil in each blasting layer 2 area is blasted layer by layer from top to bottom to form the corresponding inner slope 1021. At the same time, the interception components 3 guide the thrown soil generated by the blasting until the thrown soil completely fills the bottom outer slope 1022. Then, the blasting construction is stopped. In this invention, the complete filling of the outer slope 1022 means that the lateral space of the outer slope 1022 is filled with the thrown soil. S4. Second stage of slope trimming construction Please see Figure 5 Interception components 3 are deployed from bottom to top on the next outer slope 1022. Then, from top to bottom, the soil in the remaining blasting layer 2 area is blasted layer by layer to form the corresponding inner slope 1021. At the same time, the interception components 3 guide the thrown soil generated by the blasting until the thrown soil completely fills the next outer slope 1022. Then, the blasting construction is stopped. S5. Subsequent stages of slope trimming construction The slope trimming construction is carried out in the following cycle according to step S4, so as to form each inner slope surface 1021 by blasting each blasting layer 2 from top to bottom and to form each outer slope surface 1022 by guiding the thrown soil generated by the blasting from bottom to top through the interception component 3, until the top outer slope surface 1022 is connected with the bottom inner slope surface 1021.
[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the earthwork volume in the areas of the blasting layers 2 to the earthwork volume required for filling the outer slope 1022 is controlled to be 1.05-1.2:1. This ensures that the earthwork generated by each blasting layer 2 can completely fill all the outer slopes 1022, while also avoiding excessive earthwork remaining after filling all the outer slopes 1022, which would cause difficulties in the later disposal of the soil.
[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the specific method of the combined blasting is as follows: First, take the steps 101 at the top and bottom of the blasting layer 2 as the upper and lower boundaries, and carry out pre-blasting along the inner slope surface 1021 corresponding to the blasting layer 2; in specific implementation, lay an appropriate amount of explosives along the inner slope surface 1021 corresponding to the blasting layer 2, so as to detach the soil at the inner slope surface 1021 through pre-blasting, so as to ensure that the subsequent crushing blasting and throwing blasting can form a slope surface that is basically consistent with the inner slope surface 1021. After the pre-blasting, the soil in the blasting layer 2 area is broken by crushing blasting. The complete and large soil in the blasting layer 2 area can be broken into small and fragmented soil, which is conducive to the subsequent throwing blasting to generate more throwing soil. The blasting parameters used for crushing blasting should be such that the soil in the blasting layer 2 area is fully broken, but no throwing soil is generated. After the fragmentation blast, a throwing blast is carried out in the area of blast layer 2; Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the specific method of the throwing blast is as follows: Calculate the volume of earth and rock in the blasting layer; Blasting parameters are determined based on the volume of earth and rock in the blasting layer and the throwing distance. Blasting parameters include the amount of explosive and the arrangement of blast holes. Throwing blasting was carried out according to the blasting parameters; Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the blasting is carried out in a segmented blasting manner, that is, the blasting layer 2 is divided into several segments from the outside of the slope to the inside of the slope, and blasting holes are set and explosives are laid in each segment in sequence for blasting. By controlling the number of blasting segments, the blasted soil generated is used to completely fill the current outer slope surface 1022. After that, the blasting is stopped and the next stage of slope repair construction is carried out. The remaining unblasted segments are used for the next stage of slope repair construction. Preferably, the blasting volume and throwing distance are calculated separately for each section, and the blasting parameters are determined. The throwing distance for each section is the lateral distance from the center of the section to the bottom of the slope to be repaired. Since the amount of earthwork required to completely fill each outer slope 1022 is different, and the amount of earthwork required for each blasting layer 2 area is also different, the filling of the outer slope 1022 and the blasting of the soil in the blasting layer 2 area are not in a one-to-one correspondence. Based on the above, it is convenient to form and throw soil in batches and in appropriate amounts during blasting construction to achieve accurate filling of the outer slope 1022, and avoid the problem of excessive throwing soil from a single throwing blast causing the outer slope 1022 to exceed the filling range, thus affecting the subsequent filling construction of the outer slope. At the same time, since the soil is thrown layer by layer from the outside to the inside, the volume of the remaining blast pile can be reduced, reducing the difficulty of subsequent construction.
[0024] In a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 5 The interception component 3 includes an interception net 301 and a pulling member 302; The method of deploying the interception component 3 is as follows: the interception net 301 is deployed along the design slope 1 between the step 101 at the top of the blasting layer 2 to be blasted and the bottom of the outer slope surface 1022 to be filled, and the lower area of the interception net 301 is fixed by the tensioning member 302 to form a backfilling guide surface 3011 with the same posture as the corresponding outer slope surface 1022 and the net surface is in a taut state. At the same time, the remaining area of the interception net 301 is controlled to be in a relaxed state to form a free interception surface 3012. In the above, the free interception surface 3012 can be set to be relatively long to reserve a buffer zone for the impact of the blasting. When the blasting is carried out, the blasted soil is restricted by the free interception surface 3012 and rolls down the slope surface of the slope to be repaired 5 to the bottom of the slope. The soil that rolls down to the bottom of the slope is forced to be piled up at a fixed angle of repose under the guidance of the backfilling guide surface 3011 to form an outer slope surface 1022 that meets the design requirements. Preferably, the tensioning member 302 is an anchor rod, one end of which is detachably connected to the interception net 301, and the other end is anchored into the ground, the slope surface of the slope to be repaired 5, or the outer slope surface 1022 that has been filled.
[0025] For preferred options, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 4 The interception net 301 includes a wire mesh 3013 and a nylon mesh 3014 attached to the outer surface of the wire mesh 3013; wherein, the wire mesh 3013 has a certain strength and elasticity, which can buffer the impact force generated by the thrown soil, while the nylon mesh 3014 can prevent small pieces of soil from splashing outside the interception net 301 and suppress dust. Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, please refer to... Figure 3 The interception component 3 also includes a slope top fixing pile 303, a buffer spring 304, and a slope bottom fixing pile 305; The method of deploying the interception component 3 further includes: setting a slope top fixing pile 303 and a buffer spring 304 on the step 101 at the top of the blasting layer 2 to be blasted, and setting a slope bottom fixing pile 305 on the bottom of the outer slope surface 1022 to be filled. The upper end of the interception net 301 is connected to the slope top fixed pile 303 via the buffer spring 304, and the lower end of the interception net 301 is connected to the slope bottom fixed pile 305. Then the tensioning component 302 is installed. Based on the above, the interception net 301 can be stably and firmly fixed in the designed position by the slope top fixing pile 303 and the slope bottom fixing pile 305. At the same time, the buffering and deformation effect of the buffer spring 304 is used to provide a certain extension space for the interception net 301 so that the thrown soil can roll smoothly to the bottom of the slope. Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, each outer slope surface 1022 sequentially uses the same interception component 3 to guide the soil thrown out by the blast, as follows: When the current outer slope surface 1022 to be filled is completely filled and the next stage of slope trimming construction is started, the slope bottom fixing pile 305 is moved up to the bottom of the next outer slope surface 1022 to be filled, the lower end of the interception net 301 is rolled up and connected to the slope bottom fixing pile 305, and at the same time the tensioning member 302 is disassembled to fix the lower area of the interception net 301 to form the next backfilling guide surface 3011 and the free interception surface 3012.
[0026] Based on the above methods, by using the interception component 3 repeatedly, construction costs can be reduced and construction complexity can be simplified.
[0027] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, during each stage of slope trimming construction, the slope top fixing pile 303 is always set on the nearest step 101 at the top of the current blasting layer 2, thereby preventing the thrown soil from splashing onto the already formed outer slope surface and steps during blasting, which would cause difficulties in later processing and loss of the thrown soil.
[0028] In a preferred embodiment, during the slope trimming construction at each stage, after the blasting layer 2 is blasted in combination, the remaining blast piles left in the area of the blasting layer 2 are mechanically trimmed. In actual construction, it is not possible to throw all the soil from the blasting layer 2 area to the outer slope 1022 area to be filled through combined blasting. Usually, there will be a residual pile of blasted soil in the blasting layer 2 area. Therefore, it is necessary to use excavators, bulldozers and other machinery to mechanically trim the soil and backfill the remaining pile of blasted soil into the outer slope 1022 area to be filled, so that the blasting layer 2 will form a flat inner slope 1021 and step 101 that meet the design requirements after blasting.
[0029] Under the condition that the deformation of the buffer spring conforms to Hooke's Law, in order to ensure that the impact force generated by the explosion will not tear the interception net, and without considering other factors, further, in a preferred embodiment, the buffer spring 304 and the interception net 301 should meet the following conditions:
[0030]
[0031]
[0032] in, k Let be the elastic constant of the buffer spring. P The initial tension of the buffer spring, x This is the maximum elongation of the buffer spring. E The maximum impact force that the interception net can withstand. G 0 The initial impact force generated by the throwing explosion, G 1 The impact force of the thrown explosion after propagation and attenuation over a distance x. Example 2
[0033] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, in conjunction with Figures 6 to 16 This embodiment provides a method for repairing the super-high slope of spoil heap A using the present invention, including the following steps: S1. Determine the design slope The design slope 1 is determined based on the survey data of the slope 5 to be repaired. The design slope 1 includes several alternating steps 101 and several slope surfaces 102. The slope surface 102 includes several inner slope surfaces 1021 located within the soil of the slope 5 to be repaired, and several outer slope surfaces 1022 located entirely or partially outside the soil of the slope 5 to be repaired. In this embodiment, the slope 5 to be repaired at spoil heap A is constructed according to a seven-level slope design. Specifically, as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the designed slope 1 includes 4 inner slope surfaces 1021, 3 outer slope surfaces 1022, and 7 steps 101; the 4 inner slope surfaces 1021 are named from top to bottom as inner slope surface N1, inner slope surface N2, inner slope surface N3, and inner slope surface N4; the 3 outer slope surfaces 1022 are named from bottom to top as outer slope surface W1, outer slope surface W2, and outer slope surface W3. S2, Delineate blasting layers Using step 101 as the layer boundary and inner slope surface 1021 as the inner boundary, the soil of the slope 5 to be repaired outside the designed slope 1 is divided into several blasting layers 2 from top to bottom. In this embodiment, as Figure 7As shown, there are 4 blasting layers 2, which are labeled as blasting layer B1, blasting layer B2, blasting layer B3, and blasting layer B4 from top to bottom. In this embodiment, the total earthwork volume within the four blasting layers 2 is approximately 1.1:1 with the total earthwork volume required to fill the three outer slope surfaces 1022. S3, First stage of slope trimming construction like Figure 8 As shown, the interception component 3 is first installed on the outer slope W1 at the bottom. The specific method is as follows: a slope top fixing pile 303 and a buffer spring 304 are installed on the step 101 at the top of the blasting layer B1 to be blasted. A slope bottom fixing pile 305 is installed at the bottom of the outer slope 1022 to be filled (in actual construction, since a retaining wall needs to be built at the bottom of the slope, the retaining wall 4 can be used to replace the slope bottom fixing pile 305 for fixing, or the slope bottom fixing pile 305 can be set on the retaining wall 4). The upper end of the interception net 301 is connected to the slope top fixing pile 303 through the buffer spring 304, and the lower end of the interception net 301 is connected to the slope bottom fixing pile 305. Then, the tensioning component 302 is installed. The lower area of the interception net 301 is fixed by the tensioning component 302 to form a backfilling guide surface 3011 with the same posture as the corresponding outer slope W1 and the net surface is in a taut state. At the same time, the remaining area of the interception net 301 is controlled to be in a relaxed state to form a free interception surface 3012. Then, the soil in each blasting layer 2 area is blasted layer by layer from top to bottom to form the corresponding inner slope surface 1021: Specifically, such as Figure 8 As shown, the blasting layer B1 is first subjected to combined blasting. The steps 101 at the top and bottom of the blasting layer B1 are used as the upper and lower boundaries. Pre-blasting is carried out along the inner slope surface N1 corresponding to the blasting layer B1. In specific implementation, an appropriate amount of explosives is laid along the inner slope surface N1 corresponding to the blasting layer B1 so that the soil can be separated at the inner slope surface N1 through pre-blasting, so as to ensure that the subsequent crushing blasting and throwing blasting can form a slope surface that is basically consistent with the inner slope surface N1. After pre-blasting, such as Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the soil in the blasting layer B1 area is broken by blasting. The complete and large soil in the blasting layer B1 area is broken into small and fragmented soil, which is conducive to the subsequent throwing blast to generate more throwing soil. The blasting parameters used for breaking blast should be such that the soil in the blasting layer B1 area is fully broken, but no throwing soil is generated. After the blasting, such as Figure 11As shown, a blasting blast is performed within the blasting layer B1 area. The interception component 3 guides the blasted soil to roll down to the bottom of the slope and fill the bottommost outer slope area W1. The blasting blast is performed in sections, dividing the blasting layer B1 from the outside of the slope to the inside into sections Q11, Q12, Q13, Q14, Q15, and Q16, and setting blasting charges in each section in sequence. Explosives were laid in holes for blasting. The blasting volume and throwing distance were calculated separately for each section, and blasting parameters were determined. The throwing distance for each section was the lateral distance from the center of the section to the bottom of the slope to be repaired. Surge blasting was performed sequentially on the soil in six sections: Q11, Q12, Q13, Q14, Q15, and Q16. The resulting blasted soil failed to completely fill the current outer slope surface W1, after which blasting was stopped. Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the remaining explosive piles in the blasting layer B1 area are mechanically trimmed to form a flat inner slope surface N1 that meets the design requirements. During the combined blasting process, the free interception surface 3012 can be temporarily removed when drilling blast holes, laying explosives, and performing mechanical trimming to facilitate construction. If the outer slope W1 is not completely filled at this time, after the combined blasting construction of the blasting layer B1 is completed, the combined blasting construction of the next blasting layer B2 will continue. First, the slope top fixing pile 303 is set on the nearest step 101 at the top of the blasting layer B2. The upper end of the intercepting net 301 is connected to the slope top fixing pile 303 through the buffer spring 304. Then, the blasting layer B2 is subjected to combined blasting construction in accordance with the above method, but with the following difference: Figure 13 As shown, in the segmented blasting of blasting layer B2, the soil in this area is divided into segments Q21, Q22, Q23 and Q24 from the outside of the slope to the inside. By blasting the soil in segments Q21, Q22 and Q23, the blasted soil is completely filled on the current outer slope surface W1. Then the blasting is stopped and the next stage of slope trimming construction begins. The soil in segment Q24 is blasted in the next stage of slope trimming construction. S4. Second stage of slope trimming construction like Figure 13 , Figure 14As shown, the slope bottom fixing pile 305 is first moved up to the bottom of the next outer slope surface W2 to be filled (i.e., the step at the top of the outer slope surface W1), the lower end of the interception net 301 is rolled up and connected to the slope bottom fixing pile 305, and the tensioning member 302 is disassembled to fix the lower area of the interception net 301 to form the next backfill guide surface 3011 and the free interception surface 3012; then, the remaining section Q24 of the blasting layer B2 is blasted by throwing blasting. The thrown soil produced does not completely fill the current outer slope surface W2, so the blasting is stopped and the remaining blast pile in the area of the blasting layer B2 is mechanically trimmed to form a flat inner slope surface N2 that meets the design requirements. If the outer slope W2 is not completely filled at this time, after the combined blasting construction of the blasting layer B2 is completed, the combined blasting construction of the next blasting layer B3 will continue. like Figure 14 As shown, the slope top fixing pile 303 is first set on the nearest step 101 at the top of the blasting layer B3. The upper end of the interception net 301 is connected to the slope top fixing pile 303 through the buffer spring 304. Then, the blasting layer B3 is carried out by combined blasting construction according to the method of step S3. However, the difference is that in the segmented throwing blasting of the blasting layer B3, the soil in this area is divided into segments Q31, Q32 and Q33 from the outside of the slope to the inside of the slope. The soil in the three segments Q31, Q32 and Q33 is thrown blasted in sequence. The thrown soil generated will fill the current outer slope surface W2 completely. Then the blasting is stopped, and the remaining blast pile in the area of the blasting layer B3 is mechanically trimmed to form a flat inner slope surface N3 that meets the design requirements, and then the next stage of slope trimming construction begins. S3, the third stage of slope repair construction like Figure 15 As shown, firstly, the slope bottom fixing pile 305 is moved up to the bottom of the next outer slope surface W3 to be filled (i.e., the step at the top of the outer slope surface W2). The lower end of the interception net 301 is rolled up and connected to the slope bottom fixing pile 305. At the same time, the traction component 302 is disassembled to fix the lower area of the interception net 301 to form the next backfill guide surface 3011 and free interception surface 3012. Then, the blasting layer B4 is subjected to combined blasting construction according to the method of step S3. However, the difference is that in the segmented throwing blasting of the blasting layer B4, the soil in this area is divided into segments Q41 and Q42 from the outside of the slope to the inside of the slope. The soil in segments Q41 and Q42 is thrown blasted in sequence. The thrown soil generated completely fills the current outer slope surface W3. Then the blasting is stopped, and the remaining blast pile in the area of the blasting layer B4 is mechanically trimmed to form a flat inner slope surface N4 that meets the design requirements. Figure 16 As shown, at this time, the inner slope N4 connects with the outer slope W3; Through the implementation of the above steps, each blasting layer 2 can be blasted from top to bottom to form each inner slope surface 1021, and the interception component 3 can guide the blasted soil to be piled up from bottom to top to form each outer slope surface 1022, until the top outer slope surface W3 connects with the bottom inner slope surface N4, thereby efficiently and safely completing the seven-level slope excavation and correction construction of the ultra-high slope. For the repair construction of ultra-high slope spoil heaps under different construction conditions, or the excavation construction of ultra-high slopes such as mountains and canyons, different design slopes can be determined according to design requirements, and then the method of this invention can be used for construction.
Claims
1. A construction method for ultra-high slope trimming based on guided throwing blasting, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Determine the design slope The design slope (1) is determined based on the survey data of the slope to be repaired (5). The design slope (1) includes several alternating steps (101) and several slope surfaces (102). The slope surface (102) includes several inner slope surfaces (1021) located within the soil of the slope to be repaired (5) and several outer slope surfaces (1022) located entirely or partially outside the soil of the slope to be repaired (5). S2, Delineate blasting layers Using the step (101) as the layer boundary and the inner slope surface (1021) as the inner boundary, the soil of the slope to be repaired (5) outside the designed slope (1) is divided into several blasting layers (2) from top to bottom. S3, First stage of slope trimming construction First, interception components (3) are set up on the bottom outer slope (1022). Then, the soil in each blasting layer (2) area is blasted layer by layer from top to bottom to form the corresponding inner slope (1021). At the same time, the blasting soil generated by the interception components (3) is guided until the blasting soil completely fills the bottom outer slope (1022). Then the blasting construction is stopped. S4. Second stage of slope trimming construction From bottom to top, interception components (3) are deployed on the next outer slope (1022). Then, from top to bottom, the soil in the remaining blasting layer (2) area is blasted layer by layer to form the corresponding inner slope (1021). At the same time, the blasting soil generated by the interception components (3) is guided until the blasting soil completely fills the next outer slope (1022). Then, the blasting construction is stopped. S5. Subsequent stages of slope trimming construction The slope trimming construction is carried out in the following cycle according to step S4, so as to form each inner slope surface (1021) by blasting from top to bottom through each blasting layer (2) and to form each outer slope surface (1022) by guiding the thrown soil generated by the blasting from bottom to top through the interception component (3), until the top outer slope surface (1022) and the bottom inner slope surface (1021) are connected.
2. The method for repairing ultra-high slopes based on guided blasting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The earthwork volume within the area of the blasting layer (2) and the earthwork volume required for filling the outer slope (1022) are controlled to be 1.05-1.2:
1.
3. The method for repairing ultra-high slopes based on guided blasting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The combined blasting includes: first, taking the steps (101) at the top and bottom of the blasting layer (2) as the upper and lower boundaries, pre-blasting is carried out along the inner slope surface (1021) corresponding to the blasting layer (2), then the soil in the area of the blasting layer (2) is broken by blasting, and then blasting is carried out by throwing.
4. The method for repairing ultra-high slopes based on guided blasting as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The specific method of the throwing and blasting is as follows: Calculate the volume of earth and rock in the blasting layer; Blasting parameters are determined based on the volume of earth and rock in the blasting layer and the throwing distance. Blasting parameters include the amount of explosive and the arrangement of blast holes. Throwing blasting was carried out according to the blasting parameters.
5. The method for repairing ultra-high slopes based on guided blasting as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The blasting is carried out by segmented blasting, that is, the blasting layer (2) is divided into several segments from the outside of the slope to the inside of the slope, and blasting holes are set and explosives are laid in each segment in sequence for blasting. By controlling the number of blasting segments, the blasted soil generated can be completely filled on the current outer slope surface (1022). Then the blasting is stopped and the next stage of slope repair construction is carried out. The remaining unblasted segments are used for the next stage of slope repair construction.
6. The method for repairing ultra-high slopes based on guided blasting as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The method of setting up the interception component (3) is as follows: the interception net (301) is set up along the design slope (1) between the step (101) at the top of the blasting layer (2) to be blasted and the bottom of the outer slope surface (1022) to be filled, and the lower area of the interception net (301) is fixed by the tensioning member (302) to form a backfilling guide surface (3011) with the same posture as the corresponding outer slope surface (1022) and the net surface is in a taut state. At the same time, the remaining area of the interception net (301) is controlled to be in a relaxed state to form a free interception surface (3012) and a free interception surface (3012).
7. The method for repairing ultra-high slopes based on guided blasting as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The interception net (301) includes a wire mesh (3013) and a nylon mesh (3014) attached to the outer surface of the wire mesh (3011).
8. The method for repairing ultra-high slopes based on guided blasting as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The method of deploying the interception component (3) further includes: setting up a slope top fixing pile (303) and a buffer spring (304) on the step (101) at the top of the blasting layer (2) to be blasted, and setting up a slope bottom fixing pile (305) at the bottom of the outer slope surface (1022) to be filled. The upper end of the interception net (301) is connected to the slope top fixed pile (303) through the buffer spring (304), and the lower end of the interception net (301) is connected to the slope bottom fixed pile (305). Then the tensioning component (302) is installed.
9. The method for repairing ultra-high slopes based on guided blasting as described in claim 8, characterized in that, During the slope repair construction at each stage, the same interception component (3) is used in turn on each outer slope surface (1022) to guide the soil thrown out by the blasting. The specific method is as follows: When the current outer slope surface (1022) to be filled is completed, the slope bottom fixing pile (305) is moved up to the bottom of the next outer slope surface (1022) to be filled, the lower end of the interception net (301) is rolled up and connected to the slope bottom fixing pile (305), and the traction member (302) is disassembled to fix the lower area of the interception net (301) to form the next backfill guide surface (3011).
10. The method for repairing ultra-high slopes based on guided blasting as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In the slope repair construction at each stage, after the blasting layer (2) is blasted in combination, the remaining blast piles left in the area of the blasting layer (2) are mechanically filled.