High-precision voltameter battery monitoring system

Abstract

The invention provides a high-precision voltameter battery monitoring system, and relates to the field of monitoring systems, a distributed electric quantity detection module of the system adopts a plurality of independent and flexibly-configured electric quantity detection units, and each electric quantity detection unit corresponds to a battery unit. The high-precision current sampler and the high-precision voltage sampler are respectively used for accurately measuring current and voltage, and a built-in electric quantity calculation algorithm of the microprocessor is combined, so that the charging electric quantity and the discharging electric quantity of each battery unit can be accurately calculated in real time; the distributed architecture overcomes the limitation of the traditional centralized detection, and realizes the accurate control of the electric quantity of each battery unit in the battery pack; in the application of the electric vehicle, reliable data can be provided for endurance mileage prediction through accurate electric quantity detection, and the situation that the vehicle breaks down due to inaccurate electric quantity estimation is avoided; in an energy storage power station, balanced charge and discharge control of the battery pack can be realized, the overall performance of the battery pack is improved, the service life of the battery pack is prolonged, and the quality and efficiency of battery pack management are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of monitoring systems, and more specifically, to a high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] Battery systems are widely used in technologies such as smart terminals, portable power supplies, and electric vehicles. During the operation of a battery system, it is usually necessary to monitor the remaining chemical capacity of the battery in real time using a fuel gauge. In other words, the fuel gauge tracks and monitors the state of charge of the battery so that users can understand the remaining chemical capacity of the battery in a timely manner.

[0003] Current battery monitoring systems directly detect the charging and discharging capacity of batteries. They cannot accurately detect battery cells composed of small, series-parallel connected battery packs. Furthermore, existing battery cell temperature monitoring only monitors the external layer, resulting in poor accuracy. Therefore, improvements to the current system are necessary. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system that can solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] This application provides a high-precision battery monitoring system, including a distributed power detection module, a multi-level temperature monitoring module, a central processing and control module, and a data transmission and display module. The distributed power detection module consists of multiple independent power detection units, each corresponding to a battery cell, detecting the charging and discharging power of the battery cell. Through a distributed architecture, it achieves accurate power detection for each battery cell within a battery cell composed of multiple series-parallel connected small battery packs. The multi-level temperature monitoring module uses layered temperature sensors. The central processing and control module is connected to both the distributed power detection module and the multi-level temperature monitoring module, responsible for receiving and processing power detection data and temperature monitoring data, and analyzing and processing the data using a preset algorithm. The data transmission and display module is connected to the central processing and control module, enabling the transmission of processed data to a remote monitoring terminal or a local display device.

[0006] Preferably, the power detection unit includes a voltage sampler and a current sampler. The voltage sampler adopts a differential amplification and isolation design, with a range covering 0-5V and a resolution of 0.1mV. The current sampler uses a Hall sensor or a precision sampling resistor, supports bidirectional current detection, and has an accuracy better than ±0.5%. The power detection unit has a built-in microcontroller, which is responsible for local data preprocessing and uploads the data to the central processing and control module through an isolated serial bus.

[0007] Preferably, the temperature sensor is a Hall sensor or a precision sampling resistor, which supports bidirectional current detection and has an accuracy better than ±0.5%; the temperature sensor is directly attached to the surface of the battery cell or embedded in the gap between the batteries, and the temperature measurement range covers -40℃ to 125℃ with a resolution of 0.1℃.

[0008] Preferably, the central processing and control module calculates the cumulative charging and discharging capacity by integrating the real-time current sampling value over time using the ampere-hour integration method, and periodically corrects the ampere-hour integration result by using the relationship curve between the battery cell open-circuit voltage and the state of charge.

[0009] Preferably, the high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system also includes an equalization control module. The equalization control module adjusts the charge distribution between battery cells through an active equalization circuit based on the voltage difference of each battery cell, so as to improve the overall capacity utilization of the battery cells. The central processing and control module also monitors the consistency of each battery cell in real time. When the voltage or temperature difference exceeds a set threshold, the equalization control module is triggered to work.

[0010] Preferably, the equalization control module adopts a hybrid architecture of active and passive equalization: the active equalization part: based on a DC-DC converter or capacitor array, it transfers the energy of high-capacity battery cells to low-capacity cells, with an equalization efficiency of over 85%; the passive equalization part: discharges battery cells with excessively high voltage through parallel resistors, and the equalization current is programmable, ranging from 10mA to 500mA; the equalization triggering conditions include: a single cell voltage difference greater than 50mV, a temperature difference greater than 5℃, or a SOC difference greater than 3%; the status of each cell is monitored in real time during the equalization process, and if abnormal temperature rise or voltage reversal is detected, the equalization is immediately stopped and the fault is reported to the central processing and control module.

[0011] Preferably, the high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system also includes a temperature compensation module. This module dynamically adjusts the power calculation parameters based on the internal temperature data of each battery cell to eliminate the influence of temperature on power accuracy. The module establishes a battery cell temperature-capacity mapping table and fits effective capacity curves at different temperatures based on experimental data. It also acquires the internal temperature of each battery cell in real time and obtains the capacity correction coefficient for the current temperature from the mapping table using an interpolation algorithm. Combined with temperature sensor data, it models the temperature difference between the surface and interior of the battery cell to further correct the calculated power value. In low-temperature environments, it automatically activates the heating film control logic. When the battery cell temperature is below 0°C, it adjusts the heating power using a PID algorithm to ensure that the power detection accuracy is not affected by sudden temperature changes.

[0012] Preferably, in the multi-level temperature monitoring module, temperature sensors are evenly distributed on the six outer surfaces of the battery cell, with at least two temperature sensors on each outer surface to monitor the heat exchange between the battery cell and the external environment. Inside the battery cell, temperature sensors are set in different layers and regions according to the internal structure of the battery cell. For a multi-layer battery cell, at least four temperature sensors are set in each layer, located at the four corners and the center of the layer, to monitor the temperature distribution of different layers inside the battery cell.

[0013] Preferably, the data transmission and display module supports multiple communication methods, including wired and wireless communication; wired communication uses high-speed Ethernet or CAN bus communication protocols; wireless communication uses Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or 4G / 5G communication technologies; the local display device can display the total battery capacity, temperature distribution cloud map of the battery unit, remaining charge (SOC), and state of health (SOH) key parameters in real time.

[0014] Preferably, the high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system also includes a self-test module, which periodically performs self-tests on the sensor accuracy and communication link of the unit monitoring module to ensure long-term stable operation of the system.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides a high-precision battery monitoring system with a power meter, comprising a distributed power detection module, a multi-level temperature monitoring module, a central processing and control module, and a data transmission and display module. Traditional power meter battery monitoring systems struggle to accurately detect battery cells within series-parallel small battery packs. This system's distributed power detection module employs multiple independent and flexibly configurable power detection units, each corresponding to one battery cell. High-precision current and voltage samplers accurately measure current and voltage, respectively. Combined with the microprocessor's built-in power calculation algorithm, it can calculate the charging and discharging capacity of each battery cell in real time and with high accuracy. This distributed architecture overcomes the limitations of traditional centralized detection, achieving precise control over the power of each battery cell within the battery pack. In electric vehicle applications, accurate power detection provides reliable data for range prediction, preventing vehicle breakdowns due to inaccurate power estimation. In energy storage power stations, it helps achieve balanced charging and discharging control of the battery pack, improving the overall performance and lifespan of the battery pack, thereby enhancing the quality and efficiency of battery pack management. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the battery cell structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is another schematic diagram of the battery cell structure of the present invention.

[0018] The reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows: 1. Distributed power detection module; 2. Multi-level temperature monitoring module; 3. Central processing and control module; 4. Data transmission and display module; 5. Voltage sampler; 6. Current sampler; 7. Temperature sensor; 8. Temperature compensation module; 9. Self-test module; 10. Battery unit; 11. Power detection unit. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0020] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0022] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this application is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0024] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] like Figure 1-3As shown, a high-precision battery monitoring system includes a distributed power detection module 1, a multi-level temperature monitoring module 2, a central processing and control module 3, and a data transmission and display module 4. The distributed power detection module 1 consists of multiple independent power detection units 11, each corresponding to a battery cell 10, detecting the charging and discharging power of the battery cell 10. Through a distributed architecture, it achieves accurate power detection for each battery cell 10 within multiple series-parallel connected battery packs. The multi-level temperature monitoring module 2 employs layered temperature sensors 7. The central processing and control module 3 is connected to both the distributed power detection module 1 and the multi-level temperature monitoring module 2, responsible for receiving and processing power detection data and temperature monitoring data, and analyzing and processing the data using a preset algorithm. The data transmission and display module 4 is connected to the central processing and control module 3. The system can transmit processed data to a remote monitoring terminal or local display device. The distributed power detection module 1 of this system employs multiple independent and flexibly configurable power detection units 11, each corresponding to a battery cell 10. Voltage sampler 5 and current sampler 6 accurately measure current and voltage, respectively. Combined with the power calculation algorithm built into the microprocessor, it can calculate the charging and discharging power of each battery cell 10 in real time and accurately. This distributed architecture overcomes the limitations of traditional centralized detection, achieving precise control over the power of each battery cell 10 within the battery pack. In electric vehicle applications, accurate power detection provides reliable data for range prediction, preventing vehicle breakdowns due to inaccurate power estimation. In energy storage power stations, it helps achieve balanced charging and discharging control of the battery pack, improving the overall performance and lifespan of the battery pack, thereby enhancing the quality and efficiency of battery pack management.

[0026] In this embodiment, the power detection unit 11 includes a voltage sampler 5 and a current sampler 6. The voltage sampler 5 adopts a differential amplification and isolation design, with a range covering 0-5V and a resolution of 0.1mV. The current sampler 6 adopts a Hall sensor or a precision sampling resistor, supports bidirectional current detection, and has an accuracy better than ±0.5%. Each unit monitoring module has a built-in microcontroller, which is responsible for local data preprocessing and uploads the data to the central processing and control module 3 through an isolated serial bus (such as SPI or I2C). The central processing and control module 3 adopts a low-power design, with a current of less than 10μA in standby mode, so as to extend the overall battery life of the battery unit 10.

[0027] In this embodiment, the temperature sensor 7 adopts a Hall sensor or a precision sampling resistor, supports bidirectional current detection, and has an accuracy better than ±0.5%. The temperature sensor 7 is directly attached to the surface of the battery cell 10 or embedded in the battery gap, and the temperature measurement range covers -40℃ to 125℃ with a resolution of 0.1℃.

[0028] The use of a differential voltage sampler 5 with a resolution of 0.1mV and a bidirectional current sampler 6 with an accuracy better than ±0.5% provides a high-quality underlying data source for the accurate calculations of the central processing and control module 3, which is the foundation for achieving high-precision power metering. Each module has a built-in microcontroller for local preprocessing and communicates with the central processing and control module 3 via a standard serial bus. This distributed architecture significantly reduces the real-time data throughput pressure of the central processing and control module 3, simplifies the main control program design, and enables the system to flexibly adapt to different numbers of battery cells 10 connected in series and parallel, requiring only the addition or reduction of the number of modules, thus demonstrating strong engineering adaptability. The module-level low-power design (standby current <10μA) is crucial for battery-powered devices. It minimizes the energy consumption of the monitoring system itself, thereby not significantly affecting the battery life of the battery cells 10, achieving a balance between "monitoring" and "energy saving".

[0029] In this embodiment, the central processing and control module 3 calculates the cumulative charging and discharging capacity by integrating the real-time current sampling value over time based on the ampere-hour integration method, and periodically corrects the ampere-hour integration result by using the relationship curve between the open-circuit voltage and the state of charge of the battery cell 10.

[0030] This invention combines the ampere-hour integration method with a voltage correction model, periodically calibrating the accumulated integration error using open-circuit voltage, thus avoiding the problem of infinite error accumulation when the integration method is used alone. This method combines the advantages of coulomb counting and the voltage method; the temperature compensation strategy utilizes real-time acquired internal temperature data to dynamically adjust the calculation model parameters, enabling the energy metering results to adapt to changes in ambient temperature, ensuring the stability and reliability of the output results across the entire temperature range; and a capacity decay prediction model based on a neural network is introduced, which not only reports the current energy level but also assesses the battery's state of health (SOH) and predicts future decay trends. This allows the system to provide early warnings of battery performance degradation, offering a scientific basis for users to maintain or replace batteries, achieving an upgrade from "status reporting" to "health management."

[0031] In this embodiment, the high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system also includes an equalization control module. The equalization control module adjusts the charge distribution between battery cells 10 through an active equalization circuit based on the voltage difference of each battery cell 10, so as to improve the overall capacity utilization of the battery pack. The central processing and control module 3 also monitors the consistency of each battery cell 10 in real time. When the voltage or temperature difference exceeds a set threshold, the equalization control module is triggered to work.

[0032] In this embodiment, the equalization control module adopts a hybrid architecture of active and passive equalization: the active equalization part: based on a DC-DC converter or capacitor array, the energy of the high-capacity battery cell 10 is transferred to the low-capacity cell, with an equalization efficiency of over 85%; the passive equalization part: the battery cell 10 with excessive voltage is discharged through a parallel resistor, and the equalization current is programmable, ranging from 10mA to 500mA; the equalization triggering conditions include: a single cell voltage difference greater than 50mV, a temperature difference greater than 5℃, or a SOC difference greater than 3%; the status of each cell is monitored in real time during the equalization process, and if abnormal temperature rise or voltage reversal is detected, the equalization is immediately stopped and the fault is reported to the central processing and control module 3.

[0033] This system features high active balancing efficiency and low energy loss, making it suitable for large-capacity battery packs or applications with high energy efficiency requirements. The passive balancing circuit is simple and low-cost, serving as a supplement or for cost-sensitive applications. The hybrid architecture can be flexibly configured to meet specific needs, achieving optimal cost-effectiveness. The balancing triggering conditions comprehensively consider voltage, temperature, and SOC differences, making it more scientific and earlier than traditional voltage-based triggering mechanisms. It intervenes as soon as battery consistency shows slight deterioration, preventing problems from escalating and effectively extending the overall cycle life of the battery pack. Real-time monitoring and abnormal stop mechanisms during the balancing process prevent secondary safety issues caused by balancing circuit failures or individual battery cell abnormalities, such as localized overheating or over-discharge.

[0034] In this embodiment, the high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system further includes a temperature compensation module 8. The temperature compensation module 8 dynamically adjusts the power calculation parameters based on the internal temperature data of each battery cell 10 to eliminate the influence of temperature on power accuracy. The temperature compensation module 8 establishes a temperature-capacity mapping table for the battery cell 10 and fits the effective capacity curves at different temperatures based on experimental data. By collecting the internal temperature of each battery cell 10 in real time, the capacity correction coefficient at the current temperature is obtained from the mapping table through an interpolation algorithm. Combined with the data from the temperature sensor 7, the temperature difference between the surface and the interior of the battery cell 10 is modeled to further correct the power calculation value. In low-temperature environments, the heating film control logic is automatically activated. When the temperature of the battery cell 10 is below 0°C, the heating power is adjusted through a PID algorithm to ensure that the power detection accuracy is not affected by sudden temperature changes.

[0035] This system establishes an experimental temperature-capacity mapping table and performs interpolation calculations. The compensation is no longer a simple linear correction, but a more accurate correction that closely reflects the actual nonlinear characteristics of the battery, significantly improving the accuracy of the power display under non-room temperature conditions. It not only utilizes the internal temperature of the cell, but also combines the ambient temperature to model the "temperature difference between the inside and outside," enabling the system to more accurately assess the true thermal state inside the battery and make more reasonable compensation decisions. The heating film control logic that is automatically activated in low-temperature environments is not only to protect the battery, but also to maintain the battery's operating temperature within the range of optimal power detection accuracy, upgrading from "passive compensation" to "actively maintaining ideal detection conditions," further ensuring the stability of measurement accuracy.

[0036] In this embodiment, in the multi-level temperature monitoring module 2, temperature sensors 7 are evenly distributed on the six outer surfaces of the battery unit 10, with at least two temperature sensors 7 on each outer surface, to monitor the heat exchange between the battery unit 10 and the external environment. Inside the battery unit 10, temperature sensors 7 are set at different levels and in different areas according to the internal structure of the battery unit 10. For a multi-layer battery unit 10, at least four temperature sensors 7 are set in each layer, located at the four corners and the center of that layer, to monitor the temperature distribution of different layers inside the battery unit 10. This system performs comprehensive temperature detection on the battery unit 10, ensuring the accuracy of the detection.

[0037] In this embodiment, the data transmission and display module 4 supports multiple communication methods, including wired communication and wireless communication; wired communication adopts high-speed Ethernet or CAN bus communication protocol; wireless communication adopts Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or 4G / 5G communication technology; the local display device can display the total power of the battery unit 10, the temperature distribution cloud map of the battery unit, the remaining power (SOC), and the state of health (SOH) key parameters in real time.

[0038] This system supports a full range of protocols, from industrial fieldbus (CAN, RS485) to general networks (Ethernet) and wireless IoT (4G / 5G, Wi-Fi, BLE), enabling seamless integration with existing automotive, industrial, or consumer-grade IoT platforms. It adapts to various application scenarios, from electric vehicles and energy storage power stations to portable devices. Standardized data frame structures and verification mechanisms ensure accurate data transmission. Built-in firewalls and data encryption units effectively defend against network attacks, preventing the theft of critical battery data or unauthorized system control, meeting the growing information security needs of connected devices.

[0039] In this embodiment, the high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system also includes a self-test module 9. This self-test module 9 periodically performs self-tests on the sensor accuracy and communication links of the unit monitoring module to ensure long-term stable operation of the system. Through power-on, periodic, and triggered three-level self-tests, the system can continuously monitor the performance drift or potential faults of its own sensors and circuits, ensuring the reliability of the measurement data source, which is crucial for maintaining long-term high accuracy. The self-test function can detect hardware performance degradation (such as sensor drift) in advance, prompting maintenance or calibration, avoiding misjudgments of battery status due to monitoring system malfunctions. The design of automatically switching to redundant or backup modes can maintain basic system functions even when some hardware fails, achieving "degraded operation" and greatly improving the mean time between failures (MTBF) and fault tolerance of the entire battery management system. Periodic automatic calibration reduces the frequency and need for manual on-site calibration, and predictive maintenance prompts avoid downtime losses caused by sudden failures, significantly reducing system operation and maintenance costs in the long run.

[0040] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system, characterized in that: The system includes a distributed power detection module, a multi-level temperature monitoring module, a central processing and control module, and a data transmission and display module. The distributed power detection module consists of multiple independent power detection units, each corresponding to a battery cell, detecting the charging and discharging power of the battery cell. Through a distributed architecture, it achieves accurate power detection for each battery cell within a battery pack composed of multiple series-parallel connected small battery cells. The multi-level temperature monitoring module uses layered temperature sensors. The central processing and control module is connected to both the distributed power detection module and the multi-level temperature monitoring module, responsible for receiving and processing power detection data and temperature monitoring data, and analyzing and processing the data using a preset algorithm. The data transmission and display module is connected to the central processing and control module, enabling the transmission of processed data to a remote monitoring terminal or a local display device.

2. The high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power detection unit includes a voltage sampler and a current sampler. The voltage sampler adopts a differential amplification and isolation design, with a range covering 0-5V and a resolution of 0.1mV. The current sampler uses a Hall sensor or a precision sampling resistor, supports bidirectional current detection, and has an accuracy better than ±0.5%. The power detection unit has a built-in microcontroller, which is responsible for local data preprocessing and uploads the data to the central processing and control module through an isolated serial bus.

3. The high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature sensor uses a Hall sensor or a precision sampling resistor, supports bidirectional current detection, and has an accuracy better than ±0.5%. The temperature sensor is directly attached to the surface of the battery cell or embedded in the gap between the batteries, and the temperature measurement range covers -40℃ to 125℃ with a resolution of 0.1℃.

4. The high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central processing and control module calculates the cumulative charging and discharging capacity by integrating the real-time current sampling value over time using the ampere-hour integration method, and periodically corrects the ampere-hour integration result by using the relationship curve between the battery cell open-circuit voltage and the state of charge.

5. The high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system also includes an equalization control module. The equalization control module adjusts the charge distribution between battery cells through an active equalization circuit based on the voltage differences of each battery cell, so as to improve the overall capacity utilization of the battery cells. The central processing and control module also monitors the consistency of each battery cell in real time. When the voltage or temperature difference exceeds a set threshold, the equalization control module is triggered to work.

6. The high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The equalization control module adopts a hybrid architecture of active and passive equalization: the active equalization part: based on a DC-DC converter or capacitor array, it transfers the energy of high-capacity battery cells to low-capacity cells, with an equalization efficiency of over 85%; Passive balancing section: Discharges battery cells with excessive voltage through parallel resistors; the balancing current can be programmed to set from 10mA to 500mA. The equalization trigger conditions include: individual unit voltage difference greater than 50mV, temperature difference greater than 5℃, or SOC difference greater than 3%; during the equalization process, the status of each unit is monitored in real time. If abnormal temperature rise or voltage reversal is detected, the equalization is stopped immediately and the fault is reported to the central processing and control module.

7. The high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system also includes a temperature compensation module. This module dynamically adjusts the power calculation parameters based on the internal temperature data of each battery cell to eliminate the influence of temperature on power accuracy. The temperature compensation module establishes a battery cell temperature-capacity mapping table and fits effective capacity curves at different temperatures based on experimental data. By collecting the internal temperature of each battery cell in real time, it obtains the capacity correction coefficient at the current temperature from the mapping table through an interpolation algorithm. Combined with temperature sensor data, it models the temperature difference between the surface and interior of the battery cell to further correct the power calculation value. In low-temperature environments, it automatically activates the heating film control logic. When the battery cell temperature is below 0°C, it adjusts the heating power through a PID algorithm to ensure that the power detection accuracy is not affected by sudden temperature changes.

8. The high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the multi-level temperature monitoring module, temperature sensors are evenly distributed on the six outer surfaces of the battery cell, with at least two temperature sensors on each outer surface to monitor the heat exchange between the battery cell and the external environment. Inside the battery cell, temperature sensors are set in different layers and regions according to the internal structure of the battery cell. For multi-layer battery cells, at least four temperature sensors are set in each layer, located at the four corners and the center of the layer, to monitor the temperature distribution of different layers inside the battery cell.

9. A high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data transmission and display module supports multiple communication methods, including wired and wireless communication; wired communication uses high-speed Ethernet or CAN bus communication protocols; wireless communication uses Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or 4G / 5G communication technologies; the local display device can display the total battery capacity, temperature distribution cloud map of the battery unit, remaining power (SOC), and state of health (SOH) key parameters in real time.

10. A high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-precision fuel gauge battery monitoring system also includes a self-test module, which periodically performs self-tests on the sensor accuracy and communication link of the unit monitoring module to ensure long-term stable operation of the system.

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