Optical switch implementation method and system for spatially separating double Rydberg atom ensembles
By using a spatially separated dual Rydberg atom ensemble architecture, the weak-field EIT signal channel and the strong-field EIT control channel can be independently controlled, solving the problem of mutual constraints between extinction ratio and insertion loss in the existing technology, and realizing independent optimization of high-performance optical switches.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing optical switch solutions often lead to increased insertion loss when the extinction ratio is increased. It is difficult to independently and flexibly optimize the extinction ratio and insertion loss, which limits the improvement of device performance and practical application.
A spatially separated dual Rydberg atom ensemble architecture is adopted to establish a weak-field EIT signal channel and a strong-field EIT control channel. By independently adjusting the control optical power of the strong-field EIT control channel, the transmittance of the weak-field EIT signal channel is controlled by utilizing the long-range dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms to achieve optical switching function.
Independent optimization of extinction ratio and insertion loss was achieved, with the extinction ratio significantly improved to over 6dB while the insertion loss remained stable, breaking through the performance bottleneck of traditional solutions.
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Figure CN121785029A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the fields of nonlinear optics and quantum information processing, specifically to a method and system for realizing optical switches in spatially separated double Rydberg atom ensembles. Background Technology
[0002] Utilizing the spatial degrees of freedom of photons is key to the study of quantum optics and the development of novel optical devices. However, photons in different spatial modes are difficult to interact directly, which poses a fundamental challenge to realizing quantum computing based on photon-photon interactions.
[0003] Currently, nonlinear optical switches based on Rydberg atoms have become a research hotspot due to their unique properties. Rydberg atoms possess enormous electric dipole moments, enabling strong long-range dipole-dipole interactions, which play a central role in quantum simulation and quantum information processing. The nonlinear effects induced by Rydberg atom interactions provide an effective way to achieve strong coupling between photons, and have demonstrated superior performance in experiments such as single-photon blocking, all-optical switching, and photon entanglement generation.
[0004] Currently, most existing optical switching schemes employ a single-atom ensemble or diatomic clusters trapped in the same optical trap, achieving switching functionality through the Rydberg blocking effect or cross-Kerr nonlinearity. However, such schemes have significant limitations in performance tuning: improving the extinction ratio is often coupled with increasing insertion loss, making separation difficult. For example, when enhancing the nonlinear response (and thus improving the extinction ratio) by increasing the control light intensity, the absorption or scattering of the signal light by the atomic medium is often simultaneously enhanced, leading to a significant increase in the insertion loss of the signal channel itself. This problem severely restricts the optimization space and practical potential of device performance. In existing schemes, heteronuclear atoms are trapped in the same optical trap, and EIT is modulated using inter-cluster interactions. The control light field acts on both atomic components simultaneously, making it impossible to independently and flexibly optimize key performance indicators such as extinction ratio and insertion loss.
[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for an innovative optical switch solution that can overcome the above-mentioned defects, achieve a significant increase in extinction ratio while maintaining stable insertion loss, and possess a high degree of independent controllability. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, one of the objectives of this invention is to provide an optical switch implementation method based on a spatially separated dual Rydberg atom ensemble. This method achieves independent optimization of two key performance indicators, namely, the extinction ratio and insertion loss of the optical switch, through a spatially separated and independently controllable dual atom ensemble architecture.
[0007] The second objective of this invention is to provide an optical switch implementation system with a spatially separated dual Rydberg atom ensemble, which achieves independent optimization of two key performance indicators, namely, optical switch extinction ratio and insertion loss, through a spatially separated and independently controllable dual atom ensemble architecture.
[0008] To achieve one of the objectives of this invention, the following solution is adopted: An optical switch implementation method for spatially separated dual Rydberg atomic ensembles includes the following steps: Step S1: Prepare the first Rydberg atomic ensemble and the second Rydberg atomic ensemble at the first and second spatially separated positions, respectively, to obtain two independently controllable atomic ensembles; Step S2: Establish a weak-field EIT signal channel using the first Rydberg atom ensemble, and establish a strong-field EIT control channel using the second Rydberg atom ensemble; Step S3: By adjusting the control light power that excites the second Rydberg atom ensemble in the strong field EIT control channel, the EIT transmittance of the first Rydberg atom ensemble in the weak field EIT signal channel is controlled by utilizing the long-range dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms, and the optical switching function is realized based on the change in the EIT transmittance.
[0009] Furthermore, in step S1, the spatial interval between the first position and the second position is approximately 5 mm.
[0010] Furthermore, both the first and second Rydberg ensembles are prepared in the following manner: A two-photon transition process is used to excite rubidium atoms from their ground state to a target Rydberg state. A 780nm laser is used as the probe light to couple the rubidium atom to its ground and intermediate states, while a 480nm laser is used as the coupling light to excite the rubidium atom from its intermediate state to the target Rydberg state. The target Rydberg state is... state.
[0011] Furthermore, step S1 also includes: stabilizing the temperature of the vapor chamber containing the rubidium atoms within a preset range using a temperature control system to provide a stable atomic number density; and establishing a quantization axis by applying a uniform magnetic field along the laser propagation direction to prepare the pure target Rydberg state.
[0012] Further, in step S2, the parameters for establishing the weak-field EIT signal channel include: the 780nm laser power used to excite the first Rydberg atom ensemble is 80μW, and the 480nm laser power is 38.3mW; the parameters for establishing the strong-field EIT control channel include: the 780nm laser power used to excite the second Rydberg atom ensemble is adjustable in the range of 0 to 456μW, and the 480nm laser power is fixed at 738mW.
[0013] Furthermore, the extinction ratio ER of the optical switch is defined as: ,in, The transmittance of the weak-field EIT signal channel when the strong-field EIT control channel is closed. The transmittance of the weak field EIT signal channel when the strong field EIT control channel is turned on; by enhancing the control light power that excites the second Rydberg atom ensemble in the strong field EIT control channel, the extinction ratio of the optical switch is increased to more than 6dB.
[0014] Furthermore, the insertion loss IL of the optical switch is defined as: Its magnitude is mainly determined by the parameters of the weak-field EIT signal channel; among which, The transmittance of the weak field EIT signal channel when the strong field EIT control channel is closed; during the adjustment of the control optical power, the insertion loss remains constant at approximately 10.76 dB.
[0015] To achieve the second objective of this invention, the following solution is adopted: An optical switching system for spatially separated double Rydberg atomic ensembles, used to implement the optical switching method for spatially separated double Rydberg atomic ensembles as described in one of the objectives of this invention, comprising: An ensemble container for containing atomic gases; A first laser excitation module is used to excite and form a first Rydberg atomic ensemble at a first spatial position within the atomic ensemble container; The second laser excitation module is used to excite the formation of a second Rydberg atomic ensemble at a second spatial position that is spaced apart from the first spatial position within the atomic ensemble container. The optical paths of the first laser excitation module and the second laser excitation module are independent of each other, and the first Rydberg ensemble constitutes the weak field EIT signal channel of the optical switch, while the second Rydberg ensemble constitutes the strong field EIT control channel of the optical switch.
[0016] Furthermore, the optical switching system for spatially separated dual Rydberg atomic ensembles also includes: A temperature control device, coupled to the atomic ensemble container, is used to stably control the temperature of the atomic gas inside the atomic ensemble container within a preset range; A magnetic field generating device is used to generate a uniform magnetic field in a specific direction within the atomic ensemble container for state preparation.
[0017] Furthermore, the optical switching system of the spatially separated dual Rydberg atomic ensemble also includes a detection module for receiving and measuring the intensity of the probe light transmitted from the first Rydberg atomic ensemble to obtain the transmittance of the weak-field EIT signal channel.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention achieves completely independent and precise control over two Rydberg atomic ensembles. By spatially separating the two atomic ensembles and preparing them independently, the mutual coupling and interference of the control light field on the two sets of atoms in the traditional co-well scheme is physically eliminated, providing a fundamental premise for independent optimization of optical switching performance.
[0019] 2. This invention achieves the separation and decoupling of key performance indicators of optical switches. Two spatially separated ensembles are constructed as functionally independent weak-field EIT signal channels and strong-field EIT control channels, respectively. This allows for the separation of control over signal light transmission (which determines insertion loss) and switching regulation (which determines extinction ratio), thereby enabling separate management and optimization of these two key indicators.
[0020] 3. This invention overcomes the traditional performance bottleneck where extinction ratio and insertion loss are mutually restrictive. By independently adjusting the excitation power of the second Rydberg atom ensemble in the control channel, the nonlocal long-range dipole-dipole interaction between the excitation power and the first ensemble in the signal channel is utilized to modulate the signal transmittance. This mechanism enables the significant improvement of the optical switching extinction ratio (e.g., to over 6 dB) while maintaining the signal channel's insertion loss relatively stable. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the optical switch implementation method for spatially separated double Rydberg atomic ensembles in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the optical switch implementation method for spatially separated double Rydberg atomic ensembles in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 The diagram shows the Rydberg atom excitation energy levels and corresponding EIT spectra in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is an example of the optical path arrangement for preparing two spatially separated Rydberg atom ensembles and the optical path diagram for obtaining the reference EIT signal in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 5 This is a graph showing the measurement and theoretical calculation of the spatial distribution of the uniform magnetic field used for state preparation in the experimental apparatus of this invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the results of the transmission of 780nm laser in group A and 780nm laser in group B as the power of 780nm laser in group B increases in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in relative insertion loss and transmission intensity of the 780nm laser in group A as the power of the 780nm laser in group B increases in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in the extinction ratio and relative insertion loss of the 780nm laser in group A as the power of the 780nm laser in group B increases in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a block diagram of the optical switching system for spatially separated dual Rydberg atomic ensembles in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0022] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.
[0023] Example 1 This invention provides a method for implementing an optical switch using spatially separated dual Rydberg atomic ensembles. By spatially separating the two Rydberg atomic ensembles and independently controlling their control optical fields, the extinction ratio and insertion loss can be independently optimized. This method is applicable to quantum logic gates and integrated quantum optoelectronic devices, providing a new approach for realizing high-performance all-optical switches.
[0024] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the optical switch implementation method for spatially separated dual Rydberg atomic ensembles according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps: Step S1: Prepare a first Rydberg atomic ensemble and a second Rydberg atomic ensemble at the first and second spatially separated positions, respectively, to obtain two independently controllable atomic ensembles.
[0025] Step S2: Establish a weak-field EIT signal channel using the first Rydberg ensemble and establish a strong-field EIT control channel using the second Rydberg ensemble.
[0026] Step S3: By adjusting the control light power that excites the second Rydberg atom ensemble in the strong field EIT control channel, the EIT transmittance of the first Rydberg atom ensemble in the weak field EIT signal channel is controlled by utilizing the long-range dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms, and the optical switching function is realized based on the change in the EIT transmittance.
[0027] Furthermore, in step S1, the spatial interval between the first position and the second position is approximately 5 mm.
[0028] Furthermore, both the first and second Rydberg ensembles are prepared in the following manner: A two-photon transition process is used to excite rubidium atoms from their ground state to a target Rydberg state. A 780nm laser is used as the probe light to couple the rubidium atom to its ground and intermediate states, while a 480nm laser is used as the coupling light to excite the rubidium atom from its intermediate state to the target Rydberg state. The target Rydberg state is... state.
[0029] Furthermore, step S1 also includes: stabilizing the temperature of the vapor chamber containing the rubidium atoms within a preset range using a temperature control system to provide a stable atomic number density; and establishing a quantization axis by applying a uniform magnetic field along the laser propagation direction to prepare the pure target Rydberg state.
[0030] Further, in step S2, the parameters for establishing the weak-field EIT signal channel include: the 780nm laser power used to excite the first Rydberg atom ensemble is 80μW, and the 480nm laser power is 38.3mW; the parameters for establishing the strong-field EIT control channel include: the 780nm laser power used to excite the second Rydberg atom ensemble is adjustable in the range of 0 to 456μW, and the 480nm laser power is fixed at 738mW.
[0031] Furthermore, the extinction ratio ER of the optical switch is defined as: ,in, The transmittance of the weak-field EIT signal channel when the strong-field EIT control channel is closed. The transmittance of the weak field EIT signal channel when the strong field EIT control channel is turned on; by enhancing the control light power that excites the second Rydberg atom ensemble in the strong field EIT control channel, the extinction ratio of the optical switch is increased to more than 6dB.
[0032] Furthermore, the insertion loss IL of the optical switch is defined as: Its magnitude is mainly determined by the parameters of the weak-field EIT signal channel; among which, The transmittance of the weak field EIT signal channel when the strong field EIT control channel is closed; during the adjustment of the control optical power, the insertion loss remains constant at approximately 10.76 dB.
[0033] In this embodiment, the spatially separated diatomic ensemble architecture is employed: the invention uses a two-path spatially separated laser system to confine the diatomic ensemble within a square borosilicate glass vapor chamber. The atoms are excited to Rydberg states, forming two independently tunable Rydberg atom ensembles (A ensemble and B ensemble). A spatial spacing of approximately 5 mm is maintained between the two ensembles, achieving optical physical isolation. This structure effectively avoids the mutual coupling of the laser control field in co-trap schemes, thus ensuring that the two atom ensembles can be independently and precisely controlled.
[0034] In this embodiment, performance indicators are independently adjustable: since the lasers of clusters A and B are independently adjustable, the extinction ratio can be increased by enhancing the control optical power of cluster B without changing the insertion loss of cluster A. Experiments show that the insertion loss stabilizes at approximately 10.76 dB, and the extinction ratio can be significantly increased to over 6 dB with increasing 780 nm laser power of cluster B.
[0035] The optical switch implementation method for spatially separated dual Rydberg atomic ensembles in this invention involves spatially separating two Rydberg atomic ensembles (A-group and B-group) by approximately 5 mm, and then controlling them independently. and Laser excitation to the Rydberg state establishes independently tunable strong-field EIT control and weak-field EIT signal channels. The optical switching method for spatially separated dual Rydberg atomic ensembles in this invention enhances the B-group... By controlling the optical power and utilizing the long-range dipole-dipole interactions between Rydberg atoms, the EIT transmittance of the A-group is modulated to achieve an optical switch function. Experimental results show that this method can significantly improve the extinction ratio from approximately 1 dB to over 6 dB while maintaining stable insertion loss of the A-group, solving the problem of the extinction ratio and insertion loss being mutually coupled and difficult to optimize independently in traditional co-well schemes. The optical switch implementation method of the spatially separated dual Rydberg atom ensemble in this invention allows for independent control of the extinction ratio and insertion loss. The system structure of the implementation method is simple and compatible with existing cold atom experimental platforms.
[0036] Experimental Example Step 1: Select transition energy levels and prepare the Rydberg atomic ensemble.
[0037] The Rydberg state selected in this experiment is Atom state, through Excitation is achieved through a two-photon transition process, such as Figure 3 As shown in (a) of the diagram. Wherein, Laser light is used as a probe beam, coupled to the ground state. and intermediate state ; Laser light is used as the coupling beam to sweep frequencies, exciting atoms from intermediate states to the target Rydberg state. .
[0038] Therefore, embodiments of the present invention have designed and constructed as follows: Figure 4 The optical path shown in the diagram has two opposing paths leading into the rubidium bulb, forming the main body of the experimental optical path. Detecting light and Coupled light. By adjusting a pair of lights before the bulb enters the bulb. A plane mirror ensures that the probe light and coupling light are highly coincident, and the transmitted probe light is received by a photodetector PDA36A2. Both laser beams can be used... The waveplate and polarizing beam splitter (PBS) were individually controlled. In the experiment... Laser frequency locking, scanning The EIT signal can be observed on an oscilloscope by determining the laser frequency, such as... Figure 3 As shown in (b) in the figure. The intensity of EIT excitation reflects the number of excited Rydberg atoms, and the number of excited Rydberg atoms can be easily adjusted by adjusting the laser power.
[0039] Step 2: Build a temperature control and uniform magnetic field generation device.
[0040] The operating temperature of the rubidium bulb directly affects the atomic number density and system stability. In the initial stage of this experiment, the rubidium bulb temperature was approximately 18°C. At this temperature, the rubidium atomic number density was low, making it difficult to obtain a sufficient number of Rydberg atoms, and temperature fluctuations easily led to instability in the EIT signal. Therefore, this embodiment of the invention designed and constructed a precision temperature control system that can stably control the rubidium bulb temperature at around 50°C. This temperature control system mainly consists of a temperature controller (THORLABS-TED200C), a thermoelectric cooler (TEC), a thermistor (THORLABS-TH10K), a heat sink, and an oxygen-free copper casing. The rubidium bulb is placed inside the oxygen-free copper casing. The TEC is attached to the outside of the casing and powered by the temperature controller to heat or cool the rubidium bulb. The thermistor is embedded inside the casing, monitoring the temperature in real time and feeding back to the controller's PID module, forming a closed-loop control. The outer casing is wrapped with insulation material to reduce heat loss. The system supports continuous adjustment of the rubidium bulb temperature within the range of 10℃ to 60℃. In this experiment, it was set to 47℃ to ensure a suitable atomic number density and long-term stability of the EIT spectral lines.
[0041] To prepare pure Rydberg states, a magnetic field is needed to establish a quantized axis to select the atomic transition direction. In this embodiment of the invention, a pair of Helmholtz coils placed parallel along the Z-direction are designed, with a radius of [missing information]. Total number of turns Turns, spacing between two coils The laser beam passes through the center of the coil along the Z-axis. The magnetic field along the Z-axis, measured using a gaussmeter, is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the curves obtained from theoretical calculations are basically consistent. In the central region of the coil, the magnetic field is uniformly distributed, and its magnitude is related to the current in the following way: When only the weak probe EIT of the A group is excited, its transmission spectrum exhibits the corresponding Rydberg level. and Two clear transmission peaks. This was achieved through a state preparation process—via two pairs of... Slide Adjustment Laser light is right-handed circularly polarized light. ), two pairs Slide adjustment opposite Laser light is left-handed circularly polarized light. The embodiments of the present invention yielded pure The transmission lines of the Rydberg state, such as Figure 3 As shown in (b) of the diagram.
[0042] Step 3: Individually regulate the two EIT pathways to prepare one weakly excited cluster and one strongly excited cluster.
[0043] By independently adjusting the two channels and In this embodiment of the invention, the laser power is controlled separately for the excitation intensity of the Rydberg atom ensembles A and B, constructing a strong-field EIT control channel (A group) and a weak-probe EIT signal channel (A group). Specific parameters are set as follows: A group... Power is , Power is Group B Power can be from 0 to Range adjustment, Power fixed at .
[0044] However, when simultaneously stimulating and enhancing such as Figure 6 When the strong-field EIT system of group B is shown in (b) above, the weak-probe EIT of group A is as follows: Figure 6 The transmission spectrum shown in (a) undergoes significant changes: The transmission peak was significantly suppressed, accompanied by a noticeable frequency shift. The solid black line in the figure reflects the normal transmission of cluster A when cluster B is not activated. The solid and dashed lines of other colors respectively reflect the suppression of signal transmission as the 780 laser power of cluster B gradually increases. Based on the characteristics of the large electric dipole moment of Rydberg atoms and their interactions, the Rydberg atom ensemble excited by cluster B effectively modulates the energy level structure of cluster A atoms and suppresses its EIT transmission signal through long-range dipole-dipole coupling, achieving an on / off effect. This result visually demonstrates the nonlinear optical modulation effect of a weak signal probe on a target by strong field control in a spatially separated dual-cluster system.
[0045] In the experiment, the 780nm laser was frequency-locked. Transmittance The intensity of transmitted light is uniformly calculated at a fixed frequency and defined as the intensity of light transmitted when an atomic ensemble exists. Transmitted light intensity when there is no atomic ensemble The ratio: Based on this, the performance indicators of an optical switch can be quantitatively characterized as follows: (1) Insertion Loss: Characterized by the signal attenuation of the 780nm laser in cluster A when channel B is closed, and is defined as: The insertion loss mainly originates from factors such as background absorption in the atomic medium, scattering loss from optical elements, and mode matching efficiency. The insertion loss is measured based on the signal amplitude at DC setting on an oscilloscope. Due to the significant Doppler broadening in the hot atom system, 780 nm laser absorption is strong, and even with the introduction of 480 nm to construct an EIT, complete transmission cannot be achieved; therefore, the current system has a relatively high insertion loss. In this embodiment of the invention, It is mainly determined by the parameters of group A, and its size was experimentally measured to be approximately =10.76 dB. This embodiment of the invention defines the relative insertion loss. Let represent the insertion loss of the 780nm laser transmission in group A. relative insertion loss when not joining cluster B The magnitude of the change in relative insertion loss, such as Figure 7 As shown, as the input power of the 780nm laser is enhanced by modulating the B-group, the transmission of the 780nm laser in the A-group is gradually suppressed, while the relative insertion loss... It remains stable at 1.
[0046] (2) Extinction Ratio: Defined as the transmittance of 780nm laser light in cluster A when channel B is closed. When channel B is open, the 780nm laser transmittance of cluster A is... The ratio, expressed in decibels, is: It directly reflects the contrast of the switch. In this system, such as Figure 8 As shown, by increasing the power of the 780nm laser in the B group, the extinction ratio can be increased while keeping the insertion loss constant. The value increased from approximately 1 dB initially to over 6 dB.
[0047] The embodiments of the present invention can be transferred to cold atom systems, and it is expected that while achieving low insertion loss in cold atom systems, the extinction ratio can be further improved by utilizing another spatially separated group of atoms, thereby achieving higher performance optical switching operation.
[0048] Example 2 like Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment of the invention also provides an optical switch system for spatially separated double Rydberg atomic ensembles, used to implement the optical switch implementation method for spatially separated double Rydberg atomic ensembles as described in Embodiment 1, including: An ensemble container for containing atomic gases; A first laser excitation module is used to excite and form a first Rydberg atomic ensemble at a first spatial position within the atomic ensemble container; The second laser excitation module is used to excite the formation of a second Rydberg atomic ensemble at a second spatial position that is spaced apart from the first spatial position within the atomic ensemble container. The optical paths of the first laser excitation module and the second laser excitation module are independent of each other, and the first Rydberg ensemble constitutes the weak field EIT signal channel of the optical switch, while the second Rydberg ensemble constitutes the strong field EIT control channel of the optical switch.
[0049] Furthermore, the optical switching system for spatially separated dual Rydberg atomic ensembles also includes: A temperature control device, coupled to the atomic ensemble container, is used to stably control the temperature of the atomic gas inside the atomic ensemble container within a preset range; A magnetic field generating device is used to generate a uniform magnetic field in a specific direction within the atomic ensemble container for state preparation.
[0050] Furthermore, the optical switching system of the spatially separated dual Rydberg atomic ensemble also includes a detection module for receiving and measuring the intensity of the probe light transmitted from the first Rydberg atomic ensemble to obtain the transmittance of the weak-field EIT signal channel.
[0051] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.
Claims
1. A method for realizing an optical switch in a spatially separated double Rydberg atomic ensemble, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Prepare the first Rydberg atomic ensemble and the second Rydberg atomic ensemble at the first and second spatially separated positions, respectively, to obtain two independently controllable atomic ensembles; Step S2: Establish a weak-field EIT signal channel using the first Rydberg atom ensemble, and establish a strong-field EIT control channel using the second Rydberg atom ensemble; Step S3: By adjusting the control light power that excites the second Rydberg atom ensemble in the strong field EIT control channel, the EIT transmittance of the first Rydberg atom ensemble in the weak field EIT signal channel is controlled by utilizing the long-range dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms, and the optical switching function is realized based on the change in the EIT transmittance.
2. The optical switch implementation method for spatially separated double Rydberg atomic ensembles according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the spatial interval between the first position and the second position is approximately 5 mm.
3. The optical switch implementation method for spatially separated double Rydberg atomic ensembles according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Both the first and second Rydberg atomic ensembles are prepared by the following method: A two-photon transition process is used to excite rubidium atoms from their ground state to a target Rydberg state. A 780nm laser is used as the probe light to couple the rubidium atom to its ground and intermediate states, while a 480nm laser is used as the coupling light to excite the rubidium atom from its intermediate state to the target Rydberg state. The target Rydberg state is... state.
4. The optical switch implementation method for spatially separated dual Rydberg atomic ensembles according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S1 further includes: stabilizing the temperature of the vapor chamber containing the rubidium atoms within a preset range using a temperature control system to provide a stable atomic number density; and establishing a quantization axis by applying a uniform magnetic field along the laser propagation direction to prepare the pure target Rydberg state.
5. The optical switch implementation method for spatially separated dual Rydberg atomic ensembles according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the parameters for establishing the weak-field EIT signal channel include: the 780nm laser power used to excite the first Rydberg atom ensemble is 80μW, and the 480nm laser power is 38.3mW; the parameters for establishing the strong-field EIT control channel include: the 780nm laser power used to excite the second Rydberg atom ensemble is adjustable in the range of 0 to 456μW, and the 480nm laser power is fixed at 738mW.
6. The optical switch implementation method for spatially separated double Rydberg atomic ensembles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extinction ratio ER of an optical switch is defined as: ,in, The transmittance of the weak-field EIT signal channel when the strong-field EIT control channel is closed. The transmittance of the weak field EIT signal channel when the strong field EIT control channel is turned on; by enhancing the control light power that excites the second Rydberg atom ensemble in the strong field EIT control channel, the extinction ratio of the optical switch is increased to more than 6dB.
7. The optical switch implementation method for spatially separated double Rydberg atomic ensembles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insertion loss IL of an optical switch is defined as: Its magnitude is mainly determined by the parameters of the weak-field EIT signal channel; among which, The transmittance of the weak field EIT signal channel when the strong field EIT control channel is closed; during the adjustment of the control optical power, the insertion loss remains constant at approximately 10.76 dB.
8. An optical switching system for a spatially separated double Rydberg atomic ensemble, used to implement the optical switching method for a spatially separated double Rydberg atomic ensemble as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: An ensemble container for containing atomic gases; A first laser excitation module is used to excite and form a first Rydberg atomic ensemble at a first spatial position within the atomic ensemble container; The second laser excitation module is used to excite the formation of a second Rydberg atomic ensemble at a second spatial position that is spaced apart from the first spatial position within the atomic ensemble container. The optical paths of the first laser excitation module and the second laser excitation module are independent of each other, and the first Rydberg ensemble constitutes the weak field EIT signal channel of the optical switch, while the second Rydberg ensemble constitutes the strong field EIT control channel of the optical switch.
9. The optical switching system for spatially separated dual Rydberg atomic ensembles according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: A temperature control device, coupled to the atomic ensemble container, is used to stably control the temperature of the atomic gas inside the atomic ensemble container within a preset range; A magnetic field generating device is used to generate a uniform magnetic field in a specific direction within the atomic ensemble container for state preparation.
10. The optical switching system for spatially separated dual Rydberg atomic ensembles according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, It also includes a detection module for receiving and measuring the intensity of the probe light transmitted from the first Rydberg ensemble to obtain the transmittance of the weak-field EIT signal channel.