Mine security isolation layer determination method and system, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides a method and system for determining a safety isolation layer of a mine, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of mine engineering.The method comprises the steps that a three-dimensional geometric model of the mine is constructed, grid division is carried out, and a computational grid is obtained; acquiring geomechanical parameters of the mine, assigning the computational grid by combining the geomechanical parameters with the three-dimensional geometric model, simulating the current situation that the open pit is excavated to the open pit by several times, and performing stress balance calculation to obtain a current situation file of the open pit; according to the open pit current situation file and the three-dimensional geometric model, mining and caving of pit bottom primary ore rock and side primary ore rock are simulated, and the thickness of the pit bottom primary ore rock and the thickness of the side primary ore rock are determined; carrying out stress balance calculation and stope caving simulation on the artificially constructed layer based on the primary ore rock layer, and determining the strength and thickness of the artificially constructed layer; and constructing a safety isolation layer according to the thickness of the pit bottom primary ore rock, the thickness of the side primary ore rock and the strength and thickness of the artificial construction layer. The method guarantees efficient connection of open-pit mining and underground mining of the mine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of mining engineering technology, specifically to a method, system, electronic device, and storage medium for determining a safety isolation layer in a mine. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development and utilization of mineral resources, many open-pit mines have transitioned to underground mining due to resource depletion and deteriorating slope stability. During this process, the safe isolation between open-pit and underground mining areas has become a critical challenge. The existing rock mass at the bottom and surrounding areas of open-pit mines already possesses potential stability hazards. Furthermore, the continuous disturbance to the surrounding rock caused by underground mining activities can easily trigger secondary geological disasters such as landslides and debris flows, thus posing a serious threat to the safe production of underground mining areas.

[0003] As a critical protective structure for blocking the transmission of disasters and buffering the impact of underground mining, the structural rationality, strength matching, and thickness effectiveness of the safety isolation layer directly determine the overall safety level of the mine. However, traditional methods mainly rely on traditional empirical formulas or simplified mechanical models for the design of safety isolation layer parameters, making it difficult to scientifically quantify and evaluate various performance parameters of the safety isolation layer. This leads to the inability to scientifically and accurately design the strength and thickness of the safety isolation layer, exposing many technical defects in engineering practice. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, this application provides a method, system, electronic device and storage medium for determining the safety isolation layer in mines, which effectively solves the problem that traditional methods cannot scientifically and accurately design the strength and thickness of the safety isolation layer.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for determining a safety isolation layer in a mine. The method is applied to mines transitioning from open-pit to underground mining. The safety isolation layer includes a primary ore layer, which comprises primary ore layers at the bottom of the mine and primary ore layers at the sides. The method includes: A three-dimensional geometric model of the mine is constructed, and a mesh is generated based on the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain a computational mesh; Obtain the geomechanical parameters of the mine, which include at least rock mass and artificial material parameters, fault mechanics parameters, interface unit parameters, and original rock stress parameters; The computational grid is assigned values ​​based on the three-dimensional geometric model and the geomechanical parameters to simulate the current state of the open pit after multiple excavations, and stress balance calculations are performed to obtain the current state file of the open pit. Based on the current status document of the open pit and the three-dimensional geometric model, the mining and collapse of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the primary ore rock at the side are simulated to determine the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the side. The safety isolation layer is constructed based on the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the top of the pit.

[0006] In an optional embodiment, the safety isolation layer further includes an artificially constructed layer, and after determining the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the sidewalls, the method further includes: The artificial structure layer is simulated based on the three-dimensional geometric model and the current status file of the open pit. Based on the original ore rock layer, stress balance calculation and mining collapse simulation are performed on the artificial structure layer to determine the strength and thickness of the artificial structure layer. The safety isolation layer is constructed based on the strength and thickness of the artificially constructed layer, the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit, and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the side.

[0007] In an optional implementation, the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the top of the pit are determined by simulating the mining and caving of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the primary ore rock at the top of the pit based on the current status file of the open pit and the three-dimensional geometric model, including: Obtain the first initial thickness range of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the second initial thickness range of the primary ore rock at the top of the pit, and set the underground mining sequence according to the current status file of the open pit and the three-dimensional geometric model; Based on the first initial thickness range, different thicknesses of primary ore and rock schemes at the bottom of the pit are set, and the underground mining process is simulated based on the underground mining sequence to determine the first optimized thickness of the primary ore and rock at the bottom of the pit. Based on the second initial thickness range, different thicknesses of primary ore rock schemes for the slab are set, and the mining process of the slab stope is simulated based on the underground mining sequence to determine the second optimized thickness of the primary ore rock for the slab. Determine the highest stress primary ore rock structure at the bottom of the pit in the proposed pit bottom primary ore rock scheme, conduct a stope collapse simulation of the highest stress primary ore rock structure at the bottom of the pit, and determine the first minimum safe thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit. Determine the highest primary ore structure in the primary ore scheme of the sloping side, conduct a stope collapse simulation of the highest primary ore structure of the sloping side, and determine the second minimum safe thickness of the primary ore of the sloping side; The maximum value between the first optimized thickness and the first minimum safe thickness is selected as the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit, and the maximum value between the second optimized thickness and the second minimum safe thickness is selected as the thickness of the primary ore rock at the top of the slope.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the artificial structure layer includes a first artificial structure layer and a second artificial structure layer. Based on the primary ore strata, stress balance calculations and stope caving simulations are performed on the artificial structure layer to determine its strength and thickness, including: Obtain triaxial strength data of the artificial structure layer under different concentrations and ratios, and obtain the strength envelope based on the triaxial strength data; Stress balance calculations were performed on the artificial structure layer to obtain in-situ stress data at different locations of the artificial structure layer. The strength of the artificial structure layer is determined based on the strength envelope and the in-situ stress data. Determine the target primary ore structure at the bottom of the pit corresponding to the thickness of the primary ore at the bottom of the pit, and determine the target primary ore structure at the side corresponding to the thickness of the primary ore at the side of the pit; A stope collapse simulation was performed on the original ore and rock structure at the bottom of the target pit to determine the first collapse height of the first artificial structure layer; A stope collapse simulation was performed on the original ore and rock structure of the target slope to determine the second collapse height of the second artificial structure layer; A physical simulation experiment was conducted based on the artificially constructed layer and the original mineral rock layer to simulate the collapse of the artificially constructed layer, and to obtain the third collapse height of the first artificially constructed layer and the fourth collapse height of the second artificially constructed layer. The maximum value between the first and third collapse heights is selected as the first target collapse height, and the maximum value between the second and fourth collapse heights is selected as the second target collapse height. The thickness of the first artificial structure layer is determined based on the first target collapse height combined with a safety factor, and the thickness of the second artificial structure layer is determined based on the second target collapse height combined with a safety factor.

[0009] In an optional implementation, a three-dimensional geometric model of the mine is constructed, and a computational mesh is obtained by meshing based on the three-dimensional geometric model, including: Construct a three-dimensional geological model of the mine, which includes at least an original surface model of the open-pit, a current surface model of the open-pit, a stratigraphic model, a fault model, and an ore body model; Construct a three-dimensional model of the mining boundary contour of the mine. The three-dimensional model of the mining boundary contour includes at least the boundary contour of the open-pit excavation in stages, the boundary contour of the underground mining dividing the mining area and pillars, the boundary contour of the safety isolation layer of the primary ore rock layer with different thickness schemes, and the boundary contour of the safety isolation layer of the artificial structure layer with different thicknesses. The three-dimensional model of the geological body and the three-dimensional model of the mining boundary outline are intersected and merged to obtain the three-dimensional geometric model; The three-dimensional geometric model is divided into fine-sized meshes to obtain the computational mesh.

[0010] In an optional implementation, the computational grid is assigned values ​​based on the three-dimensional geometric model and the geomechanical parameters to simulate the open-pit excavation process from stage to the current state of the open-pit, and stress balance calculations are performed to obtain an open-pit current state file, including: Based on the three-dimensional model of the geological body, the computational grid is grouped and named according to materials, and the geomechanical parameters are assigned to the corresponding grids in the computational grid. The geostress equilibrium is solved based on the computational grid, and the displacement and velocity fields are reset to obtain the initial geostress equilibrium file; Based on the three-dimensional model of the mining boundary contour, the computational grid is grouped and named for the open-pit excavation in stages. The open pit is simulated in stages based on a three-dimensional geometric model until the current state of the open pit is reached. The excavation grouping material is assigned to the computational grid to calculate the stress balance, and the displacement field and velocity field are reset to obtain the current state file of the open pit.

[0011] Secondly, this application provides a system for determining a safety isolation layer in a mine. The system is applied to mines transitioning from open-pit to underground mining. The safety isolation layer includes a primary ore layer, which comprises primary ore layers at the bottom of the mine and primary ore layers at the sides. The system includes: The model building module is used to construct a three-dimensional geometric model of the mine, and to perform meshing based on the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain a computational mesh; The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the geomechanical parameters of the mine, which include at least rock mass and artificial material parameters, fault mechanics parameters, interface unit parameters, and original rock stress parameters. The first simulation module is used to assign values ​​to the computational grid according to the three-dimensional geometric model and the geomechanical parameters, simulate the open pit being excavated in stages to the current state of the open pit, and perform stress balance calculations to obtain the current state file of the open pit. The second simulation module is used to simulate the mining and collapse of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the primary ore rock at the side of the pit based on the current status file of the open pit and the three-dimensional geometric model, and to determine the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the side of the pit. The first construction module is used to construct the safety isolation layer based on the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the side.

[0012] In an optional implementation, the security isolation layer further includes an artificially constructed layer, and the system further includes: The third simulation module is used to simulate the artificial structure layer based on the three-dimensional geometric model and the current status file of the open pit, and to perform stress balance calculation and mining collapse simulation on the artificial structure layer based on the original ore rock layer, so as to determine the strength and thickness of the artificial structure layer. The second construction module is used to construct the safety isolation layer based on the strength and thickness of the artificially constructed layer, the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit, and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the side.

[0013] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the mine safety isolation layer determination method as described in the first aspect of this application.

[0014] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the mine safety isolation layer determination method as described in the first aspect of this application.

[0015] The method, system, electronic equipment, and storage medium for determining the safety isolation layer in mines provided in this application, based on three-dimensional numerical simulation and refined modeling, accurately assess the pressure on the rock mass and mining disturbances, obtain the strength and thickness parameters of the safety isolation layer, improve the deformation resistance and bearing capacity of the safety isolation layer, block disaster risks, ensure efficient connection between open-pit and underground mining, and extend the mine service life. Simultaneously, through multi-scheme comparison and extreme state analysis, the thickness of the primary ore strata is optimized, improving resource recovery rate and economic benefits while ensuring safety, reducing geological disaster risks, and lowering engineering costs and disaster management investment. The method for determining the parameters of the artificial structure layer covers multiple stages, establishing a realistic numerical model and combining it with physical test simulation results to accurately determine the strength and thickness parameters of the artificial structure layer, improving design reliability and engineering safety. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a first schematic diagram of the safety isolation layer structure of the mine in this application embodiment; Figure 2 This is a first schematic diagram of the process for determining the safety isolation layer in a mine, as provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the mining area collapse simulation procedure in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram simulating the collapse of the most dangerous pit bottom mining area in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram simulating the collapse of the most dangerous section of the mine in this application embodiment; Figure 6 This is a second schematic diagram of the safety isolation layer structure of the mine in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is a second schematic diagram of the process for determining the safety isolation layer in a mine, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram simulating the collapse of the primary ore and rock structure at the bottom of the target pit in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram simulating the collapse of the primary ore and rock structure in the target side of the mining area in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the physical simulation experiment and excavation design in the embodiments of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the mine safety isolation layer determination system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the mine safety isolation layer determination system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Explanation of key component symbols: 200. Mine safety isolation layer determination system; 210. Model building module; 220. Parameter acquisition module; 230. First simulation module; 240. Second simulation module; 250. First construction module; 260. Third simulation module; 270. Second construction module; 300. Electronic equipment; 310. Processor; 320. Communication interface; 330. Memory; 340. Communication bus. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be further described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. It should be noted that the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application.

[0022] As open-pit mineral resources become increasingly depleted, large mines are generally facing the technical challenges of transitioning from open-pit to underground mining. During this transition, the accumulation of rock and soil and water caused by slope instability in open-pit mines, combined with the disturbance of the surrounding rock by underground mining activities, can easily trigger secondary disasters such as landslides and debris flows, posing a serious threat to the safe production of underground mining sites.

[0023] As a crucial protective structure that isolates open-pit mine disasters and buffers the impact of underground mining, the rationality of its structural parameter design, the matching degree of its mechanical properties, and the reliability of its thickness parameters are decisive factors in ensuring safe mine production. However, traditional methods primarily rely on empirical formulas or simplified mechanical models to design safety isolation layers. These methods lack systematic simulations of three-dimensional geological conditions, dynamic mining processes, and the nonlinear response of materials, making it difficult to quantitatively assess the scientific validity of safety isolation layer parameters. This leads to the inability to scientifically and accurately design the strength and thickness of safety isolation layers. For example, empirical methods cannot accurately analyze the load distribution of the mine body and the collaborative bearing mechanism between artificial structures and primary pillars, easily leading to redundant or insufficient isolation layer strength, causing structural instability or cost waste. Simultaneously, simplified mechanical models ignore complex geological factors such as faults and geostress fields, making it difficult to predict chain reactions of disasters.

[0024] Example 1 This application provides a method for determining the safety isolation layer in mines, effectively solving the problem that traditional methods cannot scientifically and accurately design the strength and thickness of the safety isolation layer. This method is applicable to mines transitioning from open-pit to underground mining. Figure 1 This is a first schematic diagram of the safety isolation layer structure of the mine in this application embodiment, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the safety isolation layer of this mine includes a primary ore layer, which comprises primary ore at the bottom of the pit and primary ore at the sidewalls. The primary ore at the bottom of the pit is located at the bottom of the open pit, while the primary ore at the sidewalls is located at the bottom and sidewalls of the open pit. Below the safety isolation layer are multiple underground mining areas, and above the safety isolation layer is a multi-state stockpile formed within the open pit due to slope instability. This multi-state stockpile includes, but is not limited to, media such as water, silt, waste rock mixtures, and tailings. Figure 2 This is a first schematic diagram of the method for determining the safety isolation layer in a mine, as provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes the following steps: S100. Construct a three-dimensional geometric model of the mine, and perform mesh generation based on the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain the computational mesh.

[0025] Optionally, the three-dimensional geometric model can employ an advanced strain softening constitutive model, which can simulate the degree of damage to the surrounding rock caused by mining excavation. The safety isolation layer also adopts an advanced strain softening constitutive model, and subsequent thickness calculations and optimizations are based on the processing of the advanced strain softening constitutive model, with the primary ore layer set as the Mohr-Coulomb constitutive parameter.

[0026] First, a 3D geological model is constructed, including the original surface model of the open-pit, the current surface model of the open-pit, a stratigraphic model, a fault model, and an ore body model. Then, a 3D model of the mining boundary contour is established, including the boundary contours of the open-pit excavation phases, the boundary contours of the underground mining areas and pillars, the boundary contours of the safety isolation layers of primary ore strata with different thicknesses, and the boundary contours of the safety isolation layers of artificial structures with different thicknesses. The boundary contours of the open-pit excavation phases can be obtained by multiple translations of the current surface boundary contours of the open-pit. The different thicknesses of the primary ore strata can be obtained by moving the plane fitted to the current bottom boundary of the open-pit downwards by different distances, and by moving the plane fitted to the current side boundary of the open-pit along the normal direction by different distances, to obtain the different thicknesses of the primary ore strata at the bottom.

[0027] In one embodiment of this application, the boundary contour of the open pit excavation in stages can be obtained by translating the existing surface boundary contour of the open pit in five stages. The plane fitted by the existing bottom boundary of the open pit is translated downward by 15m, 20m, 25m, 30m and 35m respectively to obtain different thickness schemes of primary ore and rock at the bottom of the pit. The plane fitted by the existing side boundary of the open pit is translated along the normal direction by 15m, 20m, 25m, 30m, 35m and 40m respectively to obtain different thickness schemes of primary ore and rock at the side.

[0028] Finally, the 3D geological body model and the 3D mining boundary contour model are intersected and merged to obtain a 3D geometric model. Professional meshing software is used to mesh the 3D geometric model, generating the computational mesh required for numerical simulation. Fine-scale meshing is performed on key areas such as underground mines, primary ore structures, and artificially constructed layers. The mesh size for key areas needs to match the safety isolation layer thickness optimization scheme, the geometric dimensions of the underground mine and pillars, and the mesh size should be divisible by the aforementioned parameters. This ensures that optimization adjustments only require adding or subtracting integer multiples of the mesh number, avoiding model errors or computational redundancy due to size incompatibility. Subsequent model simulations can use commands to change the grouping of the computational mesh to meet different computational needs.

[0029] In one embodiment of this application, the grid size for underground mining in the key area is 3m, the grid size for the safety isolation layer is 2.5m, the grid size for the underground mining area is 90m×18m, and the thickness schemes for different safety isolation layers are 15m, 20m, 25m, 30m, 35m and 40m.

[0030] S200. Obtain the geomechanical parameters of the mine. The geomechanical parameters shall include at least the parameters of the rock mass and artificial materials, the fault mechanics parameters, the interface unit parameters, and the original rock stress parameters.

[0031] In this embodiment, the advanced strain softening constitutive mechanical parameters of the ore body, surrounding rock, artificially constructed layers of different strengths, and multi-state embankments can be obtained through experiments and field investigations, thus obtaining the parameters of the rock mass and artificial materials. For example, the uniaxial compressive strength parameter can be obtained from laboratory tests, the geological strength parameter can be determined based on field investigations and experience, and the material constant can be obtained from empirical values ​​based on lithology.

[0032] In this embodiment, the mechanical parameters required for adopting the Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model of the fault can be obtained through experience or experimentation, thus acquiring the fault mechanical parameters, including cohesion and internal friction angle. For example, material samples can be taken from the fault filling material at the site, and direct shear tests can be conducted using a direct shear apparatus. Based on multiple sets of material shear tests under vertical pressure, a curve showing the relationship between shear strength and vertical pressure can be plotted with shear strength as the ordinate and vertical pressure as the abscissa. The cohesion and internal friction angle can then be obtained through fitting the curve. Alternatively, by comparing literature, a suitable cohesion and internal friction angle for fault numerical simulation can be selected.

[0033] In this embodiment, the required mechanical parameters for the interface element at the interface between the artificial structure layer and the rock-ore interface can be obtained through experimentation and experience. These interface element parameters include the cohesion, internal friction angle, normal stiffness, and tangential stiffness of the interface element. For example, in the laboratory, artificial structure layer material and rock-ore mixture samples are prepared by casting. The cohesion and internal friction angle of the interface element are obtained through direct shear tests and uniaxial tests, and the normal stiffness and tangential stiffness are obtained by measuring strain gauges at the interface location. Alternatively, empirical values ​​for the interface element between the underground infill and the surrounding rock can be obtained by consulting literature. The interface mechanical parameters are generally 0.1 to 0.5 times the mechanical parameters of the infill.

[0034] In this embodiment of the application, key parameters such as the original rock stress formula and principal stress direction of the open pit are obtained through in-situ testing, thereby obtaining the original rock stress parameters.

[0035] As a further implementation of this application, a general file for simulating and calculating three-dimensional geometric models and computational meshes can also be created. Optionally, a material information file can be created, defining material names and their constitutive parameters, and writing geomechanical parameters into this material information file. Secondly, a safety factor calculation program file can be created to solve for the safety factor results of each mesh element in the computational mesh and store them in the mesh element's properties. The formula for calculating the safety factor of a mesh element is as follows:

[0036] In the above formula, FS Indicates the safety factor of the grid cell. This represents the maximum principal stress of the mesh element. This represents the minimum principal stress of the mesh element. This represents the uniaxial compressive strength in an advanced strain softening constitutive model. , a and s Depending on the properties of the rock mass, This represents an empirical constant used to control the confining pressure sensitivity of the rock mass; it is generally the software default value. a and s Represents material constants ， The parameters are automatically calculated by the advanced strain softening constitutive model software, and their values ​​are related to the input material parameters.

[0037] In the embodiments of this application, the safety factor of the grid cell is generally not less than 1.3.

[0038] Optionally, a batch processing program file for calculation results can be created to iterate through each calculation result file, batch generate maps from preset post-processing display views, and extract and store the calculation data of grid cells at key locations. A stope collapse simulation program file can also be created, which includes bottom traction ore release functionality, stope collapse height calculation and display. This stope collapse simulation program includes the following steps: defining three key region groups, removing material from the excavated stope collapse zone, applying dynamic boundary conditions, solving to the convergence threshold, and calculating and displaying the stope collapse height.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the mine collapse simulation procedure in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 3As shown, the three key area groups include the excavated stope caving zone, the roof area, and the surrounding constraint zone. The excavated stope caving zone is defined based on the original pillar area to be excavated and caving. The surrounding constraint zone is the boundary of the stope caving zone excluding the roof. Removing material from the excavated stope caving zone is achieved by assigning null material models to the mesh elements. Applying dynamic boundary conditions is achieved using the `add_reaction_force` function: marking the roof nodes as the "stope caving" group, applying reverse balancing forces to the surrounding "surrounding rock" group nodes to simulate surrounding rock constraints, and forcibly applying a certain subsidence velocity to the roof "stope caving" group nodes. In this simulation, since no ore extraction is performed from the stope caving rock mass, the subsidence velocity is set to 0. The stope caving height is calculated and displayed by defining the cells with damage sloss < 0 in the "roof" group mesh elements as the stope caving zone, and using its contour lines to display the extent of the stope caving zone.

[0040] S300. Assign values ​​to the computational grid based on the three-dimensional geometric model and geomechanical parameters, simulate the open pit excavation in stages to the current state of the open pit, and perform stress balance calculations to obtain the current state file of the open pit.

[0041] In this embodiment, the initial geostress balance is first established. Based on the 3D geological model, the computational grid is grouped and named according to materials such as rock mass, ore body, and surrounding rock. Geomechanical parameters, including in-situ rock stress information, are assigned to the corresponding grids in the computational grid. Elastic material parameters are assigned to the materials of all computational grids. The geostress balance is solved based on the computational grid, and the displacement and velocity fields are reset to obtain the initial geostress balance file. Then, the initial geostress balance file is read, and the computational grid is grouped and named according to the 3D model of the mining boundary contour for the open-pit excavation in stages. Finally, the open-pit is simulated in stages according to the 3D geometric model until the current state of the open-pit is reached. After each excavation, the material of the excavation group is assigned a null material model, the geostress balance is calculated, and the displacement and velocity fields are reset to obtain the current state file of the open-pit.

[0042] S400. Based on the current status documents and three-dimensional geometric model of the open pit, simulate the mining and collapse of the primary ore rock at the bottom and sides of the pit to determine the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom and sides of the pit.

[0043] In this embodiment, the thickness design of the primary ore-bearing strata can be optimized through comparison of multiple thickness schemes and extreme state analysis. The specific steps are as follows: S410. Obtain the first initial thickness range of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the second initial thickness range of the primary ore rock at the top, and set the underground mining sequence according to the current status file of the open pit and the three-dimensional geometric model.

[0044] In this embodiment, an empirical calculation method can be used for comprehensive comparative analysis to obtain the first initial thickness range of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the second initial thickness range of the primary ore rock at the top. This empirical calculation method includes, but is not limited to, empirical formula calculation methods, limit equilibrium methods, proportional span methods, and experiences from similar mines both domestically and internationally. The empirical formula calculation methods include, but are not limited to, Rubeneit theory, fixed beam theory, engineering calculation methods, and Protodyakonov arch theory. The limit equilibrium method and proportional span method can be obtained through formula calculation or table lookup, or directly calculated using specialized software such as CPillar. The limit equilibrium method must consider the loads exerted by the multi-state mass within the open pit on the primary ore rock layer.

[0045] In this embodiment of the application, the three-dimensional geometric model includes primary ore layers of different thicknesses, underground mining areas, and multi-state piles formed naturally or artificially in open pits. The underground mining sequence is established by grouping and naming based on the current status documents of the open pits and the three-dimensional geometric model.

[0046] S420. Based on the first initial thickness range, set different thickness schemes for the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit, simulate the underground mining process based on the underground mining sequence, and determine the first optimized thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit.

[0047] In this embodiment, different thicknesses of primary ore and rock at the bottom of the pit are set according to the first initial thickness range. The underground mining process is simulated according to the underground mining sequence. The damage index is analyzed to determine whether the self-stabilizing condition is met. The first optimized thickness of the primary ore and rock at the bottom of the pit is determined by the displacement change law of key points.

[0048] The damage index is the sloss value of the grid cell in the computational grid corresponding to the advanced strain softening constitutive model. Its value ranges from [1,-1] and is used to evaluate the degree of fracture and damage of the rock mass. sloss=1 means that the rock mass corresponding to the cell is undamaged, 0<sloss<1 means that the rock mass corresponding to the cell has crack damage, -1<sloss<0 means that the rock mass corresponding to the cell is damaged, and sloss=-1 means that the rock mass corresponding to the cell collapses.

[0049] As a further implementation of the embodiments of this application, the sloss value is further divided into four stages. Stage A is [0.7, 1.0], indicating that the rock mass is intact or basically intact, and the rock mass is in the elastic deformation stage. Stage B is [0.3, 0.7), indicating that the rock mass is partially damaged, that is, in the early stage of crack development, the crack begins to expand, but does not penetrate. Stage C is [-0.3, 0.3), indicating that the rock mass is significantly damaged, the cracks penetrate and the strength decreases significantly, which manifests as phenomena such as rockfall and loosening in underground engineering. Stage D is [-1.0, -0.3), indicating that the rock mass is severely damaged to the point of complete instability, the structure has lost its bearing capacity, and the rock mass is completely destroyed or collapses.

[0050] In this embodiment of the application, the self-stability condition of the primary ore and rock at the bottom of the pit is determined based on the damage index and safety factor distribution law of the grid cells: when the grid cells with damage less than 0 or the grid cells with safety factor less than 1 do not form an integral vertical connection in the primary ore and rock at the bottom of the pit, they meet the self-stability condition.

[0051] In this embodiment, the displacement variation law of key point positions is set to determine the first optimized thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit. The key position is generally set as the center point of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit. Under the condition of self-stability, the minimum displacement of the key point is determined as the first optimized thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit.

[0052] S430. Based on the second initial thickness range, set up different thickness schemes for the primary ore rock of the slab, simulate the mining process of the slab stope based on the underground mining sequence, and determine the second optimized thickness of the primary ore rock of the slab.

[0053] In this embodiment, the determination of the second optimal thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit is similar to the determination of the first optimal thickness. Different thicknesses of primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit are set according to the second initial thickness range. The underground mining process is simulated according to the underground mining sequence. Damage indexes are analyzed to determine whether the self-stabilization condition is met. The second optimal thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit is determined by the displacement variation law of key points. Specifically, if a grid cell with a damage degree less than 0 or a safety factor less than 1 does not form an integral vertical connection within the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit, then it meets the self-stabilization condition, and the key position can be set as the center point of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit.

[0054] S440. Determine the highest stress primary ore rock structure at the bottom of the pit in the primary ore rock scheme, conduct a stope collapse simulation on the highest stress primary ore rock structure at the bottom of the pit, and determine the first minimum safe thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit.

[0055] In this embodiment of the application, the highest stress pit bottom primary ore rock structure is determined as the most dangerous pit bottom mining area based on the different thicknesses of the pit bottom primary ore rock scheme in step S420. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram simulating the collapse of the most dangerous pit bottom in the embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 4 As shown, a stope collapse simulation was performed on the most dangerous pit bottom stope to determine the critical collapse height of the primary ore rock at the pit bottom. The height was then multiplied by the corresponding safety factor to calculate the first minimum safe thickness of the primary ore rock at the pit bottom.

[0056] S450. Determine the highest primary ore structure in the primary ore scheme of the sloping side, conduct a stope collapse simulation on the highest primary ore structure of the sloping side, and determine the second minimum safe thickness of the primary ore of the sloping side.

[0057] In this embodiment of the application, the highest thickness primary ore rock structure in the sloping side is determined as the most dangerous sloping side mining area based on the different thicknesses of the primary ore rock scheme in step S430. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram simulating the collapse of the most dangerous section of the mine in this application embodiment, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, a stope collapse simulation was performed on the most dangerous side stope to determine the critical collapse height of the primary ore rock in the side stope. The height was then multiplied by the corresponding safety factor to estimate the top elevation and calculate the second minimum safe thickness of the primary ore rock in the side stope.

[0058] S460. Select the maximum value between the first optimized thickness and the first minimum safe thickness as the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit, and select the maximum value between the second optimized thickness and the second minimum safe thickness as the thickness of the primary ore rock at the top of the slope.

[0059] S500, construct a safety isolation layer based on the thickness of the primary ore and rock at the bottom of the pit and the thickness of the primary ore and rock at the top of the pit.

[0060] This application's embodiments comprehensively utilize various theoretical calculations, numerical simulations, and stope collapse and ore discharge simulation techniques to determine the thickness of the primary ore layer at the bottom and sides of the pit, achieving a comprehensive consideration of the impact of multi-state stockpiles, complex geological conditions, and the mining process within the open pit. This allows for optimization of the primary ore layer thickness design, maximizing resource recovery and economic benefits while ensuring safety.

[0061] As a further embodiment of this application, the security isolation layer also includes an artificially constructed layer. Figure 6 This is a second schematic diagram of the safety isolation layer structure of the mine in this application embodiment, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the artificial structure includes a first artificial structure and a second artificial structure. The first artificial structure is located above the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit, and the second artificial structure is located above the first artificial structure. The upper surface of the second artificial structure is higher than the highest point of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit. Above the second artificial structure is a multi-state mass formed naturally or artificially.

[0062] In this embodiment, the material strength of the artificial structure layer needs to ensure it does not fail under burial stress conditions. The first artificial structure layer is close to the mining area and requires relatively high strength; therefore, it is a high-strength artificial structure layer. To reduce costs, the second artificial structure layer is set as a low-strength layer. The low-strength layer is thickened, reducing the volume of the high-strength layer while providing sufficient strength. Optionally, the materials for both the high-strength and low-strength artificial structures can be cemented sand or concrete. Alternatively, depending on the actual mining engineering needs, a composite material system containing admixtures can be used. Different formulation ratios can be used to obtain high-strength and low-strength artificial structures to meet the strength and flowability requirements under different working conditions.

[0063] Figure 7 This is a second schematic diagram of the method for determining the safety isolation layer in a mine, as provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 7 As shown, after step S400, the following steps may also be included: S600. Based on the three-dimensional geometric model and the current status file of the open pit, simulate the artificial structure layer, perform stress balance calculation and mining collapse simulation on the artificial structure layer based on the original ore rock layer, and determine the strength and thickness of the artificial structure layer.

[0064] In this embodiment, the current status file of the open pit is read, and the boundary contour geometric model of the safety isolation layer of artificial construction layers of different thicknesses in the three-dimensional geometric model is used to group and name the computational mesh that has been excavated to null in stages as the first and second artificial construction layers. For the named mesh of the first artificial construction layer, interface elements between the open pit boundary interface and the first artificial construction layer are constructed, and material parameters are assigned to the first artificial construction layer based on experience. For the named mesh of the second artificial construction layer, interface elements between the open pit boundary interface and the second artificial construction layer are constructed, and material parameters are assigned to the second artificial construction layer based on experience. In this embodiment, the artificial construction layer is set to the advanced strain softening constitutive parameters corresponding to plasticity.

[0065] In this embodiment of the application, the strength and thickness parameters of the artificial structure layer are accurately determined by combining the results of digital simulation and physical experiments. The specific steps are as follows: S610. Obtain triaxial strength data of the artificially constructed layer under different concentrations and ratios, and obtain the strength envelope based on the triaxial strength data.

[0066] In this embodiment, strength and flowability tests were conducted on artificially constructed layer samples with different concentrations and ratios. Based on the strength and flowability results, a reasonable concentration of the artificially constructed layer was determined. Simultaneously, triaxial strength data for various ratios at this concentration were acquired. A strength envelope was obtained by fitting the triaxial strength data to 28-day standard-cured samples. For example, peak axial stress data at rock sample failure under different confining pressures were collected. Using the normal stress at failure as the abscissa and the confining pressure as the ordinate, regression analysis was performed on the peak axial stress data and the strength criterion to generate a continuous strength envelope characterizing the rock mass strength. The function parameters were determined through regression parameters.

[0067] S620. Perform stress balance calculations on the artificial structure layer to obtain in-situ stress data for different parts of the artificial structure layer.

[0068] Based on a three-dimensional geometric model, a layered simulation was performed, incorporating a first and second artificial structure layer. Stress balance calculations were then conducted, and in-situ stress data from different locations within the first and second artificial structure layers were extracted from the final calculation results. The extraction of in-situ stress data is as follows: coordinate points at different locations were extracted according to the elevation gradient. The stress field output results of the corresponding mesh element in the computational grid for each coordinate point were retrieved, and the principal stress components, including the maximum principal stress, intermediate principal stress, and minimum principal stress, were automatically extracted and summarized. This systematically yielded in-situ stress data for the first and second artificial structure layers at different depths and locations.

[0069] S630. Determine the strength of the artificial structure layer based on the strength envelope and in-situ stress data.

[0070] In this embodiment, the strength of the artificial structure layer is determined by comparing the strength envelope with the in-situ stress data. It is necessary to ensure that the in-situ stress state is below the strength envelope to determine the required design strength of the artificial structure layer. Optionally, the strength of the first artificial structure layer is not less than 4 MPa, and the strength of the second artificial structure layer is not less than 2 MPa.

[0071] S640. Determine the target primary ore structure at the bottom of the pit corresponding to the thickness of the primary ore at the bottom of the pit, and determine the target primary ore structure at the side corresponding to the thickness of the primary ore at the side of the pit.

[0072] In this embodiment of the application, the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit corresponding to the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit determined in step S400 is taken as the target primary ore rock structure at the bottom of the pit, and the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit corresponding to the thickness of the primary ore rock at the side of the pit is taken as the target primary ore rock structure at the side of the pit. The entire process of underground mining and backfilling is simulated according to the set underground mining sequence.

[0073] S650. Simulate the caving of the primary ore and rock structure at the bottom of the target pit to determine the first caving height of the first artificial structure layer.

[0074] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram simulating the collapse of the primary ore and rock structure at the bottom of the target pit in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 8As shown, a predetermined span of exposed space is excavated in a high-stress area of ​​the primary ore and rock structure at the bottom of the target pit, where the roof pillars have partially failed. The size of this predetermined excavation span of exposed space is generally that of a single stope. The excavation location is near the primary ore and rock structure at the bottom of the pit, above the most dangerous stope in the underground mining simulation. This most dangerous stope is one of several stopes in the stress concentration area during the mining phase. The material of the grid cells corresponding to this predetermined span of exposed space is assigned null, and a reverse balancing force is applied to the surrounding and bottom units to simulate surrounding rock constraints. After geostress balance calculations, the first collapse height of the first artificial structure layer is determined. This first collapse height is delineated based on the damaged collapse units, i.e., the grid cells with a loss < 0 are calculated.

[0075] S660. Conduct a stope collapse simulation on the original ore rock structure of the target slope to determine the second collapse height of the second artificial structure layer.

[0076] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram simulating the collapse of the primary ore rock structure in the target side of the mining area in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 9 As shown, a predetermined span of exposed space is excavated in a high-stress area of ​​the primary ore and rock structure of the target sidewall, where the boundary pillars partially fail. The size of this predetermined excavation span of exposed space is generally that of a single stope. The excavation location is near the primary ore and rock structure of the sidewall above the most dangerous stope in the underground mining simulation. This most dangerous stope is one of several stopes in the stress concentration area of ​​the mining section. The material of the grid cells corresponding to this predetermined span of exposed space is assigned null, and a reverse balancing force is applied to the surrounding and bottom units to simulate surrounding rock constraints. After geostress balance calculations, the second collapse height of the second artificial structure layer is determined. This second collapse height is delineated based on the damaged collapse units, i.e., the grid cells with a loss < 0 are calculated.

[0077] S670. Conduct physical simulation experiments based on the artificial structure layer and the original ore layer to simulate the collapse of the artificial structure layer and obtain the third collapse height of the first artificial structure layer and the fourth collapse height of the second artificial structure layer.

[0078] In this embodiment of the application, after simulating the entire underground mining and backfilling process according to the physical simulation experiment, the original ore and rock structures with large deformations are excavated and monitored, and the collapse of the artificial structure layer is simulated to obtain its collapse height. The physical simulation experiment specifically includes the following steps: S671. Determine the similarity ratio based on the test dimensions of the similar simulation model and the actual size of the open-pit pit in the simulation area.

[0079] S672. Based on the rock mass mechanics parameters, the strength mechanics parameters of the artificial structure layer, and the similarity ratio, conduct material proportioning experiments to determine the material proportion number that meets the conditions for similar simulated rock mass strength. This material proportion number is determined through multiple sets of material proportioning experiments based on the rock mass mechanics parameters and the similarity ratio, and meets the requirements of the similarity ratio.

[0080] S673. Screen dry river sand, mix river sand, gypsum, putty powder and water according to the preset similar strength ratio, lay a friction-reducing layer (oil paper-lubricating oil-oil paper) on the test platform and set the height benchmark. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the physical simulation experiment and excavation design in the embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 10 As shown, based on the geological structure design outline, a layered mixture was constructed to simulate rock strata and ore bodies. Mica powder was used to simulate weak surfaces, and strain bricks were embedded. The placement of these strain bricks should cover key locations such as the hanging wall and footwall, the primary ore structure, and the artificially constructed layers. This is used to monitor stress changes within the rock mass, but the placement should not affect the excavation of the primary ore structure or the collapse of the artificially constructed layers. The strain bricks were connected to the data acquisition system and zeroed to obtain stress evolution data. Simultaneously, settlement monitoring points were set on the model surface, and micrometers were installed to collect surface settlement data. A matte speckle pattern was sprayed and the DIC system calibrated. DIC digital speckle technology was used to monitor strain data across the entire field: speckle patterns were sprayed onto the specimen surface, images were acquired using a high-speed camera, and displacement and strain were calculated using image processing technology.

[0081] S674. Conduct similar simulation tests. Based on the mining design, simulate the entire process of underground mining and backfilling. After the excavation of a single stope is completed, first collect surface settlement, stress and strain data for the entire field for 20 minutes. Then, backfill the goaf of this step. After backfilling, continue to collect data for 10 minutes. Finally, after the backfill body stabilizes, proceed to the next cycle of mining.

[0082] S675. Process the collected surface subsidence data, stress evolution data, and DIC full-field strain data to analyze the evolution law of the overburden stress field and determine the primary ore rock structure with high stress and large excavation monitoring deformation.

[0083] S676. After completing all designed ore body mining and backfilling cycles, excavate the primary ore rock structure at the bottom and the primary ore rock structure at the side with larger deformations in sequence. Measure the collapse size of the first and second artificial structures after excavation, and calculate the third collapse height of the first artificial structure and the fourth collapse height of the second artificial structure using similarity ratio.

[0084] S680. Select the maximum value between the first and third collapse heights as the first target collapse height, and select the maximum value between the second and fourth collapse heights as the second target collapse height.

[0085] S690. Determine the thickness of the first artificial structure layer based on the first target collapse height and the safety factor, and determine the thickness of the second artificial structure layer based on the second target collapse height and the safety factor.

[0086] In this embodiment, the thickness of the first artificial structure layer is calculated based on the first target collapse height and a safety factor. The top elevation reference value is calculated based on the second target collapse height and a safety factor, and then the thickness of the second artificial structure layer is determined based on the vertical distance between the top elevation reference value and the top surface of the first artificial structure layer.

[0087] In the embodiments of this application, the thickness of both the first artificial structure layer and the second artificial structure layer is not less than 20m, and the upper surface of the second artificial structure layer is higher than the highest point of the original ore rock in the side.

[0088] This application embodiment establishes a realistic numerical model under complex geological and mining conditions through multiple steps, including material strength design, three-dimensional numerical simulation, structural stability analysis, and similar physical simulation verification. By combining the results of physical experiments and digital simulations, the strength and thickness parameters of the artificial structure layer are accurately determined, effectively improving the design reliability and engineering safety of the artificial structure layer.

[0089] S700. Construct a safety isolation layer based on the strength and thickness of the artificially constructed layer, the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit, and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the top of the pit.

[0090] Based on the strength and thickness of the artificially constructed layer, the thickness of the primary ore and rock at the bottom of the pit, and the thickness of the primary ore and rock at the top of the pit, a safety isolation layer is constructed, and the final mining model file is obtained.

[0091] As a further implementation of this application, an overall stability analysis is performed on the final mining model file. The final mining model file is read, and based on the determined parameters and the named network units in the model, numerical simulation calculations are performed on the entire process of constructing the artificial structure layer and excavating the underground mining area. Each step of the calculation is balanced, and the calculation files of the calculation process are saved.

[0092] Optionally, post-processing can be performed on the calculation files to locate key points and define the calculation view for post-processing display. The key unit safety factor for each calculation file can be calculated, key point data can be extracted from each calculation file, and a key post-processing view can be exported.

[0093] Optionally, key data on the distribution patterns of the plastic zone, damage degree, and safety factor throughout the entire process can be analyzed to evaluate the stability of the entire mining process.

[0094] The method for determining the safety isolation layer in a mine provided in this application uses three-dimensional numerical simulation and refined modeling to accurately assess the pressure of the rock mass and mining disturbances, obtain the strength and thickness parameters of the safety isolation layer, improve the deformation resistance and bearing capacity of the safety isolation layer, block disaster risks, ensure efficient connection between open-pit and underground mining, and extend the mine service life.

[0095] Example 2 Based on the same technical concept as Embodiment 1 above, this application provides a safety isolation layer determination system for mines. This system is applied to mines that have transitioned from open-pit to underground mining. The safety isolation layer includes the primary ore layer, which includes the primary ore layer at the bottom of the pit and the primary ore layer at the sides. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the mine safety isolation layer determination system provided in the embodiments of this application, as shown below. Figure 11 As shown, the mine safety isolation layer determination system 200 includes: The model building module 210 is used to build a three-dimensional geometric model of the mine, and to perform meshing based on the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain a computational mesh.

[0096] The parameter acquisition module 220 is used to acquire the geomechanical parameters of the mine. The geomechanical parameters include at least the parameters of the rock mass and artificial materials, fault mechanics parameters, interface unit parameters, and original rock stress parameters.

[0097] The first simulation module 230 is used to assign values ​​to the computational grid based on the three-dimensional geometric model and geomechanical parameters, simulate the open pit being excavated in stages to the current state of the open pit, perform stress balance calculations, and obtain the current state file of the open pit.

[0098] The second simulation module 240 is used to simulate the mining and collapse of the primary ore rock at the bottom and the primary ore rock at the top of the pit based on the current status file and three-dimensional geometric model of the open pit, and to determine the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the top.

[0099] The first building module 250 is used to build a safety isolation layer based on the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the top of the pit.

[0100] As a further embodiment of this application, the security isolation layer also includes an artificially constructed layer. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the mine safety isolation layer determination system provided in the embodiments of this application, as shown below. Figure 12 As shown, the mine safety isolation layer determination system 200 also includes: The third simulation module 260 is used to simulate the artificial structure layer based on the three-dimensional geometric model and the current status file of the open pit. It performs stress balance calculations and mining collapse simulations on the artificial structure layer based on the original ore rock layer to determine the strength and thickness of the artificial structure layer.

[0101] The second construction module 270 is used to construct a safety isolation layer based on the strength and thickness of the artificially constructed layer, the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit, and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the top of the pit.

[0102] The mine safety isolation layer determination system provided in this application, based on three-dimensional numerical simulation and refined modeling, obtains the strength and thickness parameters of the safety isolation layer, thereby improving its deformation resistance and bearing capacity. Simultaneously, it optimizes the thickness of the primary ore layer through multi-scheme comparison and limit state analysis, reducing geological hazard risks and lowering engineering costs and disaster mitigation investment. It accurately determines the strength and thickness parameters of artificially constructed layers, improving design reliability and engineering safety.

[0103] It is understood that the implementation method of determining the safety isolation layer in the mine in the above embodiment 1 is also applicable to this embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect, so it will not be described again here.

[0104] Example 3 Based on the same concept, this application also provides an electronic device. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 13 As shown, the electronic device 300 may include a processor 310, a communication interface 320, a memory 330, and a communication bus 340, wherein the processor 310, the communication interface 320, and the memory 330 communicate with each other via the communication bus 340. The processor 310 can call logical instructions in the memory 330 to execute the steps of the mine safety isolation layer determination method as described in the above embodiments. For example, it includes: S100. Construct a three-dimensional geometric model of the mine, and perform mesh generation based on the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain the computational mesh; S200. Obtain the geomechanical parameters of the mine. The geomechanical parameters shall include at least the parameters of the rock mass and artificial materials, the fault mechanics parameters, the interface unit parameters, and the original rock stress parameters. S300. Assign values ​​to the computational grid based on the three-dimensional geometric model and geomechanical parameters, simulate the open pit excavation in stages to the current state of the open pit, and perform stress balance calculations to obtain the current state file of the open pit. S400. Based on the current status document of the open pit and the three-dimensional geometric model, simulate the mining and collapse of the primary ore rock at the bottom and the primary ore rock at the top of the pit to determine the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the top. S500, construct a safety isolation layer based on the thickness of the primary ore and rock at the bottom of the pit and the thickness of the primary ore and rock at the top of the pit.

[0105] The processor 310 can be a central processing unit (CPU). The processor can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or combinations of the above types of chips.

[0106] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 330 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0107] The memory 330 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and applications required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created by the processor, etc. Furthermore, the memory may include high-speed random access memory and non-transitory memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory may optionally include memory remotely located relative to the processor, which can be connected to the processor via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0108] Example 4 Based on the same concept, embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program containing at least one piece of code executable by a master control device to control the master control device to implement the steps of the mine safety isolation layer determination method as described in the above embodiments. For example, it includes: S100. Construct a three-dimensional geometric model of the mine, and perform mesh generation based on the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain the computational mesh; S200. Obtain the geomechanical parameters of the mine. The geomechanical parameters shall include at least the parameters of the rock mass and artificial materials, the fault mechanics parameters, the interface unit parameters, and the original rock stress parameters. S300. Assign values ​​to the computational grid based on the three-dimensional geometric model and geomechanical parameters, simulate the open pit excavation in stages to the current state of the open pit, and perform stress balance calculations to obtain the current state file of the open pit. S400. Based on the current status document of the open pit and the three-dimensional geometric model, simulate the mining and collapse of the primary ore rock at the bottom and the primary ore rock at the top of the pit to determine the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the top. S500, construct a safety isolation layer based on the thickness of the primary ore and rock at the bottom of the pit and the thickness of the primary ore and rock at the top of the pit.

[0109] Based on the same technical concept, this application also provides a computer program, which, when executed by a main control device, is used to implement the above-described method embodiments.

[0110] The computer program may be stored, in whole or in part, on a computer-readable storage medium packaged with the processor, or in part or in whole on a memory not packaged with the processor.

[0111] Based on the same technical concept, this application also provides a processor for implementing the above-described method embodiments. The processor can be a chip.

[0112] In summary, the method, system, electronic equipment, and storage medium for determining the safety isolation layer in mines provided in this application, based on three-dimensional numerical simulation and refined modeling, accurately assess the pressure on the rock mass and mining disturbances, obtain the strength and thickness parameters of the safety isolation layer, improve the deformation resistance and bearing capacity of the safety isolation layer, block disaster risks, ensure efficient connection between open-pit and underground mining, and extend the mine service life. Simultaneously, by comparing multiple schemes and performing limit state analysis, the thickness of the primary ore strata is optimized, improving resource recovery rate and economic benefits while ensuring safety, reducing geological disaster risks, and lowering engineering costs and disaster management investment. The method for determining the parameters of the artificial structure layer covers multiple stages, establishing a realistic numerical model and combining it with physical test simulation results to accurately determine the strength and thickness parameters of the artificial structure layer, improving design reliability and engineering safety.

[0113] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0114] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0115] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A method for determining a safety isolation layer in a mine, characterized in that, The method is applied to mines transitioning from open-pit to underground mining. The safety isolation layer includes primary ore layers, which in turn include primary ore layers at the bottom and sides of the pit. The method includes: A three-dimensional geometric model of the mine is constructed, and a mesh is generated based on the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain a computational mesh; Obtain the geomechanical parameters of the mine, which include at least rock mass and artificial material parameters, fault mechanics parameters, interface unit parameters, and original rock stress parameters; The computational grid is assigned values ​​based on the three-dimensional geometric model and the geomechanical parameters to simulate the current state of the open pit after multiple excavations, and stress balance calculations are performed to obtain the current state file of the open pit. Based on the current status document of the open pit and the three-dimensional geometric model, the mining and collapse of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the primary ore rock at the side are simulated to determine the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the side. The safety isolation layer is constructed based on the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the top of the pit.

2. The method for determining the safety isolation layer in a mine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The safety isolation layer also includes an artificially constructed layer. After determining the thickness of the primary ore and rock at the bottom of the pit and the thickness of the primary ore and rock at the sides, the method further includes: The artificial structure layer is simulated based on the three-dimensional geometric model and the current status file of the open pit. Based on the original ore rock layer, stress balance calculation and mining collapse simulation are performed on the artificial structure layer to determine the strength and thickness of the artificial structure layer. The safety isolation layer is constructed based on the strength and thickness of the artificially constructed layer, the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit, and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the side.

3. The method for determining the safety isolation layer in a mine according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the existing open pit data and the three-dimensional geometric model, the mining and caving of the primary ore rock at the pit bottom and the primary ore rock at the sidewalls are simulated to determine the thickness of the primary ore rock at the pit bottom and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the sidewalls, including: Obtain the first initial thickness range of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the second initial thickness range of the primary ore rock at the top of the pit, and set the underground mining sequence according to the current status file of the open pit and the three-dimensional geometric model; Based on the first initial thickness range, different thicknesses of primary ore and rock schemes at the bottom of the pit are set, and the underground mining process is simulated based on the underground mining sequence to determine the first optimized thickness of the primary ore and rock at the bottom of the pit. Based on the second initial thickness range, different thicknesses of primary ore rock schemes for the slab are set, and the mining process of the slab stope is simulated based on the underground mining sequence to determine the second optimized thickness of the primary ore rock for the slab. Determine the highest stress primary ore rock structure at the bottom of the pit in the proposed pit bottom primary ore rock scheme, conduct a stope collapse simulation of the highest stress primary ore rock structure at the bottom of the pit, and determine the first minimum safe thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit. Determine the highest primary ore structure in the primary ore scheme of the sloping side, conduct a stope collapse simulation of the highest primary ore structure of the sloping side, and determine the second minimum safe thickness of the primary ore of the sloping side; The maximum value between the first optimized thickness and the first minimum safe thickness is selected as the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit, and the maximum value between the second optimized thickness and the second minimum safe thickness is selected as the thickness of the primary ore rock at the top of the slope.

4. The method for determining the safety isolation layer in a mine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The artificial structure layer includes a first artificial structure layer and a second artificial structure layer. Based on the primary ore strata, stress balance calculations and stope caving simulations are performed on the artificial structure layer to determine its strength and thickness, including: Obtain triaxial strength data of the artificial structure layer under different concentrations and ratios, and obtain the strength envelope based on the triaxial strength data; Stress balance calculations were performed on the artificial structure layer to obtain in-situ stress data at different locations of the artificial structure layer. The strength of the artificial structure layer is determined based on the strength envelope and the in-situ stress data. Determine the target primary ore structure at the bottom of the pit corresponding to the thickness of the primary ore at the bottom of the pit, and determine the target primary ore structure at the side corresponding to the thickness of the primary ore at the side of the pit; A stope collapse simulation was performed on the original ore and rock structure at the bottom of the target pit to determine the first collapse height of the first artificial structure layer; A stope collapse simulation was performed on the original ore and rock structure of the target slope to determine the second collapse height of the second artificial structure layer; A physical simulation experiment was conducted based on the artificially constructed layer and the original mineral rock layer to simulate the collapse of the artificially constructed layer, and to obtain the third collapse height of the first artificially constructed layer and the fourth collapse height of the second artificially constructed layer. The maximum value between the first and third collapse heights is selected as the first target collapse height, and the maximum value between the second and fourth collapse heights is selected as the second target collapse height. The thickness of the first artificial structure layer is determined based on the first target collapse height combined with a safety factor, and the thickness of the second artificial structure layer is determined based on the second target collapse height combined with a safety factor.

5. The method for determining the safety isolation layer in a mine according to claim 1, characterized in that, Constructing a three-dimensional geometric model of the mine, and meshing the model to obtain a computational mesh, including: Construct a three-dimensional geological model of the mine, which includes at least an original surface model of the open-pit, a current surface model of the open-pit, a stratigraphic model, a fault model, and an ore body model; Construct a three-dimensional model of the mining boundary contour of the mine. The three-dimensional model of the mining boundary contour includes at least the boundary contour of the open-pit excavation in stages, the boundary contour of the underground mining dividing the mining area and pillars, the boundary contour of the safety isolation layer of the primary ore rock layer with different thickness schemes, and the boundary contour of the safety isolation layer of the artificial structure layer with different thicknesses. The three-dimensional model of the geological body and the three-dimensional model of the mining boundary outline are intersected and merged to obtain the three-dimensional geometric model; The three-dimensional geometric model is divided into fine-sized meshes to obtain the computational mesh.

6. The method for determining the safety isolation layer in a mine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The computational grid is assigned values ​​based on the three-dimensional geometric model and the geomechanical parameters to simulate the current state of the open pit after phased excavation. Stress balance calculations are then performed to obtain the current state file of the open pit, including: Based on the three-dimensional model of the geological body, the computational grid is grouped and named according to materials, and the geomechanical parameters are assigned to the corresponding grids in the computational grid. The geostress equilibrium is solved based on the computational grid, and the displacement and velocity fields are reset to obtain the initial geostress equilibrium file; Based on the three-dimensional model of the mining boundary contour, the computational grid is grouped and named for the open-pit excavation in stages. The open pit is simulated in stages based on a three-dimensional geometric model until the current state of the open pit is reached. The excavation grouping material is assigned to the computational grid to calculate the stress balance, and the displacement field and velocity field are reset to obtain the current state file of the open pit.

7. A system for determining a safety isolation layer in a mine, characterized in that, The system is applied to mines transitioning from open-pit to underground mining. The safety isolation layer includes primary ore layers, which consist of primary ore layers at the bottom and sides of the pit. The system includes: The model building module is used to construct a three-dimensional geometric model of the mine, and to perform meshing based on the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain a computational mesh; The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the geomechanical parameters of the mine, which include at least rock mass and artificial material parameters, fault mechanics parameters, interface unit parameters, and original rock stress parameters. The first simulation module is used to assign values ​​to the computational grid according to the three-dimensional geometric model and the geomechanical parameters, simulate the open pit being excavated in stages to the current state of the open pit, and perform stress balance calculations to obtain the current state file of the open pit. The second simulation module is used to simulate the mining and collapse of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the primary ore rock at the side of the pit based on the current status file of the open pit and the three-dimensional geometric model, and to determine the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the side of the pit. The first construction module is used to construct the safety isolation layer based on the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the side.

8. The mine safety isolation layer determination system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The security isolation layer also includes an artificially constructed layer, and the system further includes: The third simulation module is used to simulate the artificial structure layer based on the three-dimensional geometric model and the current status file of the open pit, and to perform stress balance calculation and mining collapse simulation on the artificial structure layer based on the original ore rock layer, so as to determine the strength and thickness of the artificial structure layer. The second construction module is used to construct the safety isolation layer based on the strength and thickness of the artificially constructed layer, the thickness of the primary ore rock at the bottom of the pit, and the thickness of the primary ore rock at the side.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the method for determining the safety isolation layer in a mine as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the method for determining the safety isolation layer of a mine as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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