Evaluation method for mutual fusion of vulnerability and sensitivity of ecological environment in alpine and arid region

Abstract

The invention discloses an alpine and arid region ecological environment vulnerability and sensitivity mutual fusion evaluation method, and relates to the technical field of ecological environment protection. According to the method, a mutual fusion conceptual model containing a positive and negative feedback mechanism is constructed according to the ecological environment characteristics of the alpine and arid region. On the basis, an index system fusing ecological vulnerability and sensitivity is established, and index weights are determined by adopting a combined weighting method. By collecting and standardizing multi-source data, a vulnerability index and a sensitivity index are calculated respectively, and a preliminary spatial differentiation graph is generated. And calculating the mutual fusion coordination degree between the two indexes, dividing the evaluation unit into different types of mutual fusion regions according to the coordination level, and finally forming a mutual fusion evaluation classification chart to realize comprehensive integration evaluation of the vulnerability and the sensitivity. According to the method, the ecological risk spatial differentiation of the alpine and arid region can be accurately revealed through mutual fusion evaluation of the vulnerability and the sensitivity, and a scientific basis is provided for targeted protection and treatment decisions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological and environmental protection technology, and in particular to a method for evaluating the vulnerability and sensitivity of the ecological environment in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions. Background Technology

[0002] High-altitude, arid regions are characterized by low temperatures, drought, strong radiation, short growing seasons, sparse vegetation, and poor soil development. Their ecosystems have simple structures and weak resistance to disturbance, making them typical ecologically fragile areas globally. Currently, ecological assessments often focus on a single dimension. The shortcomings of existing technologies are: Vulnerability and sensitivity are often evaluated independently, neglecting their inherent causal relationship and dynamic feedback mechanism. Sensitivity is one of the core driving factors of vulnerability, while the state of vulnerability, in turn, affects the degree of sensitivity. The two exhibit a high degree of interdependence in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions.

[0003] Existing methods are mostly static evaluations, failing to fully reflect the impact of dynamic processes such as freeze-thaw cycles and wet-dry cycles in high-altitude and arid regions on the interaction between vegetation cover and vegetation cover. Furthermore, the evaluation index systems overlap (such as vegetation cover), but their physical meanings and assignment logics differ, which can easily lead to confusion and double counting.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new method that can deeply integrate vulnerability and sensitivity, reveal their mutual feedback relationship, and achieve dynamic, comprehensive, and operable evaluation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for evaluating the vulnerability and sensitivity of the ecological environment in high-altitude and arid regions, aiming to solve or improve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: A method for evaluating the vulnerability and sensitivity of the ecological environment in high-altitude and arid regions, comprising: Construct a mutually integrated conceptual model; the mutually integrated conceptual model is a closed-loop conceptual model that includes positive feedback and negative feedback; Based on the aforementioned concept model of mutual integration, an evaluation index system of mutual integration of ecological vulnerability index and ecological sensitivity index is constructed, and the comprehensive weight of the index is determined by the combined weighting method. Based on the aforementioned integrated evaluation index system, index data of the evaluation units are collected, and the collected data are preprocessed to obtain multi-source standardized index data. The ecological vulnerability index and ecological sensitivity index are calculated by combining the multi-source standardized index data and the comprehensive weight of the index, and a preliminary spatial differentiation analysis is performed to obtain a preliminary evaluation distribution map. Based on the preliminary evaluation distribution map, the degree of compatibility and coordination between the ecological vulnerability index and the ecological sensitivity index is calculated, and the evaluation unit is divided into different types of compatible zones to obtain a compatibility evaluation classification map.

[0007] Optionally, the integrated conceptual model is used to describe the integrated relationship between ecological vulnerability and ecological sensitivity. Specifically, ecological sensitivity is activated by external disturbances, resulting in negative ecological effects. As the negative ecological effects affect the change of the ecological environment state, ecological vulnerability is triggered. Furthermore, as the changed ecological environment state reacts back to ecological sensitivity through the feedback path, the integration of ecological vulnerability and ecological sensitivity is achieved.

[0008] Optionally, the integrated evaluation index system adopts a three-level structure of "target layer - criterion layer - index layer", wherein the criterion layer and the index layer adopt integrated correlation rules; the correlation rules include bidirectional index provisions and causal chain correlation relationships; the bidirectional index provisions are specifically as follows: for indicators that appear simultaneously in the ecological vulnerability and ecological sensitivity criterion layers, they are specified as state results in the ecological vulnerability criterion layer and as adjustment factors in the ecological sensitivity criterion layer; the causal chain correlation relationship is used to define specific impact trends.

[0009] Optionally, the method for determining the comprehensive weight of the indicators is as follows: subjective weights are determined by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and objective weights are determined by using the entropy weight method. The subjective and objective weights are then combined and optimized using a deviation minimization model to obtain the comprehensive weight of the indicators.

[0010] Optionally, the specific process of the preprocessing includes: normalizing and dimensionless processing the collected index data to unify it to a preset numerical range.

[0011] Optionally, the step of combining the multi-source standardized index data and the comprehensive weight of the indicators to calculate the ecological vulnerability index and the ecological sensitivity index, and performing preliminary spatial differentiation analysis to obtain a preliminary evaluation distribution map, specifically includes: Combining the multi-source standardized index data and the comprehensive weight of the index, the ecological vulnerability index and ecological sensitivity index of the evaluation unit are calculated respectively. The natural breakpoint method is used to classify and spatially visualize the calculated ecological vulnerability index and ecological sensitivity index to obtain a preliminary evaluation distribution map. The classification includes five levels: low, lower, medium, higher and high.

[0012] Optionally, the degree of compatibility and coordination between the ecological vulnerability index and the ecological sensitivity index is calculated by a comprehensive harmonization index, which is determined by a regulating factor.

[0013] Optionally, the types of the inter-fusion zones include: high inter-fusion high-risk zones, high-sensitivity induced vulnerability zones, high-vulnerability aggravated sensitivity zones, low inter-fusion low-risk zones, and disordered degeneration zones.

[0014] According to specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects: This invention discloses a method for evaluating the interplay between vulnerability and sensitivity in high-altitude, arid regions. The method constructs an interplay conceptual model incorporating positive and negative feedback mechanisms, tailored to the ecological characteristics of these regions. Based on this, an index system integrating ecological vulnerability and sensitivity is established, and the weights of the indicators are determined using a combined weighting method. By collecting and standardizing multi-source data, vulnerability and sensitivity indices are calculated separately, generating a preliminary spatial differentiation map. Furthermore, the degree of interplay and coordination between the two indices is calculated, and the evaluation units are divided into different types of interplay zones based on the coordination level, ultimately forming an interplay evaluation classification map, achieving a comprehensive integrated evaluation of vulnerability and sensitivity. This invention can accurately reveal the spatial differentiation of ecological risks in high-altitude, arid regions through the interplay of vulnerability and sensitivity, providing a scientific basis for targeted protection and governance decisions. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for evaluating the vulnerability and sensitivity of the ecological environment in high-altitude and arid regions according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for evaluating the vulnerability and sensitivity of the ecological environment in high-altitude and arid regions, aiming to solve or improve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] like Figure 1As shown, this invention provides a method for evaluating the vulnerability and sensitivity of the ecological environment in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions, comprising: Step 100: Construct a mutual integration conceptual model; the mutual integration conceptual model is a closed-loop conceptual model that includes positive feedback and negative feedback.

[0021] As a specific implementation method, ecological vulnerability in high-altitude and arid regions is defined as an inherent attribute and state of the system that is easily damaged and difficult to recover, while ecological sensitivity is the probability and severity of a negative response of the system to a specific disturbance. A fusion conceptual model of "stress / disturbance - sensitivity response - change in vulnerability state - feedback affecting sensitivity" is constructed.

[0022] Therefore, the constructed concept model of mutual integration is used to describe the mutual integration relationship between ecological vulnerability and ecological sensitivity. Specifically, ecological sensitivity is activated by external disturbances, which generates negative ecological effects. As the negative ecological effects affect the change of the ecological environment state, ecological vulnerability is triggered. Furthermore, as the changed ecological environment state reacts back to ecological sensitivity through the feedback path, the mutual integration of ecological vulnerability and ecological sensitivity is achieved.

[0023] Step 200: Based on the aforementioned fusion concept model, construct a fusion evaluation index system of ecological vulnerability index and ecological sensitivity index, and use the combined weighting method to determine the comprehensive weight of the index.

[0024] The integrated evaluation index system adopts a three-level structure of "target layer - criterion layer - index layer", wherein the criterion layer and the index layer adopt integrated correlation rules; the correlation rules include bidirectional index provisions and causal chain correlation relationships; the bidirectional index provisions are specifically as follows: for indicators that appear simultaneously in the ecological vulnerability and ecological sensitivity criterion layers, they are specified as state results in the ecological vulnerability criterion layer and as adjustment factors in the ecological sensitivity criterion layer; the causal chain correlation relationship is used to define specific impact trends.

[0025] As a specific implementation method, the ecological vulnerability criterion layer includes ecological baseline stability (such as vegetation biomass, soil organic matter content, and permafrost continuity), system resilience (such as vegetation recovery rate and soil enzyme activity), and current damage status (such as land degradation index and biodiversity loss rate). The ecological sensitivity criterion layer includes sensitivity to climate disturbances (such as response to temperature fluctuations and precipitation variability coefficient), sensitivity to freeze-thaw processes (such as the rate of change in active layer thickness and freeze-thaw cycle frequency), sensitivity to hydraulic erosion, sensitivity to wind erosion, and sensitivity to human activity disturbances (such as the system state's response threshold or rate of change to human activity pressure).

[0026] As a specific implementation method, the causal chain relationship stipulates that some indicators are "mutually integrated nodes". For example, "vegetation coverage" serves as both a positive indicator of "baseline stability" in vulnerability and a negative indicator of "hydraulic erosion sensitivity" in sensitivity. However, its assignment needs to be carried out independently within its respective criterion layer and coupled through subsequent models.

[0027] As a specific implementation method, the method for determining the comprehensive weight of the indicators is as follows: subjective weights are determined by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and objective weights are determined by using the entropy weight method. The subjective and objective weights are then combined and optimized using a deviation minimization model to obtain the comprehensive weight of the indicators.

[0028] Step 300: Based on the aforementioned integrated evaluation index system, collect index data from the evaluation units and preprocess the collected data to obtain multi-source standardized index data. The specific preprocessing process includes: normalizing and dimensionless processing the collected index data to unify it to a preset numerical range.

[0029] Step 400: Calculate the ecological vulnerability index and ecological sensitivity index by combining the multi-source standardized index data and the comprehensive weight of the indicators, and perform preliminary spatial differentiation analysis to obtain a preliminary evaluation distribution map. The specific processing steps in this step include: Combining the multi-source standardized index data and the comprehensive weight of the index, the ecological vulnerability index and ecological sensitivity index of the evaluation unit are calculated respectively. The natural breakpoint method is used to classify and spatially visualize the calculated ecological vulnerability index and ecological sensitivity index to obtain a preliminary evaluation distribution map. The classification includes five levels: low, lower, medium, higher and high.

[0030] Step 500: Based on the preliminary evaluation distribution map, calculate the compatibility and coordination degree between the ecological vulnerability index and the ecological sensitivity index, and divide the evaluation unit into different types of compatibility zones to obtain a compatibility evaluation classification map. The compatibility and coordination degree between the ecological vulnerability index and the ecological sensitivity index is calculated by a comprehensive harmonization index, which is determined by a regulating factor. The types of compatibility zones include: high compatibility high-risk zone, high sensitivity induced vulnerability zone, high vulnerability aggravated sensitivity zone, low compatibility low-risk zone, and imbalanced degradation zone.

[0031] As a specific implementation method, the following zones are defined: High-interconnection, high-risk zone: The system is extremely unstable and requires immediate and strict protection and repair measures. High-sensitivity, induced-vulnerability zone: Sensitivity is the dominant driving factor; key control should be given to corresponding sources of disturbance (such as overgrazing and engineering construction). High-vulnerability, amplified-sensitivity zone: The vulnerability background amplifies the disturbance response; ecological restoration is the primary focus to enhance system resilience. Low-interconnection, low-risk zone: The system is relatively stable and can be considered a zone for moderate development. Disharmony and degradation zone: The relationship between the two is unhealthy; sudden changes in state require vigilance.

[0032] Based on the above technical solution, a specific implementation process is provided, taking Lazi County, Shigatse City, Tibet Autonomous Region as an example.

[0033] Step 100: Construct a conceptual model of mutual integration.

[0034] Taking a typical alpine semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral ecosystem in Lazi County, Shigatse City, Tibet Autonomous Region as the research object, its ecological vulnerability is defined as being mainly manifested in its sensitivity to freeze-thaw erosion, infertile soil, poor vegetation recovery capacity, and simple ecosystem structure; its ecological sensitivity is mainly manifested in its significant response to climate change (such as increased precipitation variability and rising temperature), freeze-thaw activity, and the combined disturbance of agricultural cultivation and grazing. A localized intertwined conceptual model is constructed: Increased precipitation variability and combined disturbance of cultivation and grazing (stress) → The system's sensitivity to climate and human disturbance is activated (manifested as soil moisture imbalance and intensified topsoil disturbance) → Negative ecological effects are generated (freeze-thaw landslides, soil erosion, and grassland degradation) → The ecological vulnerability state changes (decreased land productivity and decline in ecosystem service functions) → The changed vulnerability state, through feedback pathways (such as reduced vegetation cover intensifying the surface freeze-thaw cycle and soil structure damage further reducing the system's resistance to disturbance), reacts back to the system's sensitivity to climate fluctuations and human activities, forming a closed-loop dynamic process of "vulnerability-sensitivity" intertwining.

[0035] Step 200: Construct and assign weights to the mutual integration evaluation index system.

[0036] 1. A three-level structure is used to construct the indicator system: Target layer: Integrated evaluation of ecological vulnerability and sensitivity in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions.

[0037] Criterion layer: Ecological vulnerability (V): includes baseline stability (V1), system resilience (V2), and current state of damage (V3).

[0038] Ecological sensitivity (S): includes sensitivity to climate disturbance (S1), sensitivity to freeze-thaw processes (S2), sensitivity to hydraulic erosion (S3), and sensitivity to human activity disturbance (S4).

[0039] Indicator Layer: A total of 15 indicators were selected. They follow a "two-way indicator rule," for example: “Vegetation cover (FVC)”: In V1, it is a state result (positive indicator, the higher the value, the lower the vulnerability); in S3, it is a moderating factor (negative indicator, the higher the value, the less sensitive to water erosion).

[0040] "Soil organic matter content (SOM)": It is a state result (positive indicator) in V1; and a regulating factor (negative indicator) in S4 (sensitivity to grazing). The higher the value, the stronger the soil's resistance to compaction and the less sensitive it is to grazing disturbance.

[0041] Causal chain association: Define "FVC" and "SOM" as key interconnected nodes, and their assignments within the V and S criterion layers are performed independently.

[0042] 2. Determine the overall weight: Ten domain experts were invited to conduct pairwise comparisons of the criterion layer and the indicator layer using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to obtain subjective weights. W a .

[0043] Five periods of remote sensing and field measurement data from 2018 to 2022 were collected for the study area to form an initial data matrix. The objective weights of each indicator were calculated using the entropy weight method. W e .

[0044] Establish a deviation minimization model: , ; in, j For indicator serial number, n For the total number of indicators, W aj Let j be the subjective weight of the j-th indicator. W ej Let be the objective weight of the j-th indicator. Solving this equation yields the comprehensive weights of all indicators. W j .

[0045] Step 300: Data Acquisition and Preprocessing.

[0046] The study area was divided into several evaluation units using a 1km × 1km grid. Data for various indicators were collected from each unit, using data sources including Landsat / MODIS remote sensing imagery, meteorological station interpolation data, soil survey data, field observation data, and statistical yearbooks. Range normalization was used to standardize all indicator data to the [0, 1] interval. Different normalization formulas were used for positive indicators (such as FVC and SOM) and negative indicators (such as the land degradation index) to ensure consistent numerical direction.

[0047] Step 400: Calculate the vulnerability and sensitivity indices and conduct preliminary analysis.

[0048] 1. Index calculation: A linear weighted model is used.

[0049] Ecological vulnerability index: ; Ecological sensitivity index: ; in, i As an evaluation unit, w For comprehensive weighting, x The standardized index value, W vq The overall weight of the q-th vulnerability indicator is... x viq Let be the standardized value of the q-th vulnerability index in the i-th unit. W sk The comprehensive weight of the k-th sensitivity index is... x sik is the standardized value of the k-th sensitivity index in the i-th unit.

[0050] 2. Preliminary Spatial Differentiation: In ArcGIS software, the calculated EVI and ESI were divided into 5 levels (low, lower, medium, higher, and high) using the natural breakpoint method, generating "Preliminary Ecological Vulnerability Assessment Distribution Map" and "Preliminary Ecological Sensitivity Assessment Distribution Map". Preliminary analysis shows that highly vulnerable areas and highly sensitive areas overlap spatially, mainly distributed in the meadow-bare land transition zone with higher altitudes, steeper slopes, and relatively frequent human activities.

[0051] Step 500: Calculate the degree of mutual integration and coordination and partitioning.

[0052] 1. Calculate the Interoperability Coordination Degree (ICD): Drawing inspiration from the coupling coordination degree model, a comprehensive harmonic index T is introduced, where adjustment factors α and β represent the relative importance of vulnerability and sensitivity in the interpenetrating system, respectively. Through expert consultation, α = 0.4 and β = 0.6 are set to emphasize the inducing effect of sensitivity on vulnerability under the current interference context. The formula is as follows: ; ; ; in, To achieve a high degree of integration and coordination, For coupling degree, As a comprehensive harmonization index, As a vulnerability regulator, It is a sensitivity regulator.

[0053] 2. Delineate the interoperability zone: Based on the ICD value and the relative magnitudes of EVI and ESI, classification rules are established to divide the evaluation units into five categories: Highly Interconnected and High-Risk Zone (HH): ICD > 0.8, and both EVI and ESI > high-level thresholds. The ecosystem in this zone is extremely unstable, requiring immediate delineation of ecological red lines and implementation of grazing bans, grazing rest periods, and ecological relocation.

[0054] Highly sensitive induced vulnerable area (SH): ICD∈(0.6,0.8], and ESI>EVI. Sensitivity dominates in this area, and grazing intensity and engineering activity range should be controlled as a key focus, and a sensitivity monitoring and early warning system should be established.

[0055] High vulnerability exacerbates sensitivity in the VH region: ICD ∈ (0.6, 0.8], and EVI > ESI. This region has a fragile baseline and should focus on ecological restoration projects such as artificial grass planting, rodent control, and black soil beach management to enhance system resilience.

[0056] Low Interconnectedness and Low Risk Zone (LL): ICD < 0.4, and both EVI and ESI < medium-level threshold. This zone has a relatively stable ecosystem and can be used as a suitable area for the moderate development of ecological animal husbandry, implementing zoned rotational grazing.

[0057] Disordered Degradation Zone (DD): ICD < 0.4, but either EVI or ESI exceeds the high-level threshold. This zone exhibits an abnormal relationship between the two, potentially indicating a potential mutation. Close monitoring is necessary to prevent a rapid deterioration of the ecological state.

[0058] 3. Generate final results: Draw a “Classification Map of Ecological Vulnerability and Sensitivity Interaction Evaluation” in GIS, and propose differentiated management countermeasures for different interaction zones to form a spatial decision support scheme.

[0059] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0060] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the vulnerability and sensitivity of the ecological environment in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions, characterized in that, include: Construct a mutually integrated conceptual model; the mutually integrated conceptual model is a closed-loop conceptual model that includes positive feedback and negative feedback; Based on the aforementioned concept model of mutual integration, an evaluation index system of mutual integration of ecological vulnerability index and ecological sensitivity index is constructed, and the comprehensive weight of the index is determined by the combined weighting method. Based on the aforementioned integrated evaluation index system, index data of the evaluation units are collected, and the collected data are preprocessed to obtain multi-source standardized index data. The ecological vulnerability index and ecological sensitivity index are calculated by combining the multi-source standardized index data and the comprehensive weight of the index, and a preliminary spatial differentiation analysis is performed to obtain a preliminary evaluation distribution map. Based on the preliminary evaluation distribution map, the degree of compatibility and coordination between the ecological vulnerability index and the ecological sensitivity index is calculated, and the evaluation unit is divided into different types of compatible zones to obtain a compatibility evaluation classification map.

2. The method for evaluating the vulnerability and sensitivity of the ecological environment in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned concept model is used to describe the mutual integration relationship between ecological vulnerability and ecological sensitivity. Specifically, ecological sensitivity is activated by external disturbances, resulting in negative ecological effects. As the negative ecological effects affect the state of the ecological environment, ecological vulnerability is triggered. Furthermore, the changed state of the ecological environment acts back on ecological sensitivity through feedback paths, thus achieving the mutual integration of ecological vulnerability and ecological sensitivity.

3. The method for evaluating the vulnerability and sensitivity of the ecological environment in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated evaluation index system adopts a three-level structure of "target layer - criterion layer - index layer", wherein the criterion layer and the index layer adopt integrated association rules; the association rules include bidirectional index provisions and causal chain association relationships; the bidirectional index provisions are specifically as follows: for indicators that appear simultaneously in the ecological vulnerability and ecological sensitivity criterion layers, they are specified as state results in the ecological vulnerability criterion layer and as adjustment factors in the ecological sensitivity criterion layer. The causal chain relationship is used to define specific influence trends.

4. The method for evaluating the vulnerability and sensitivity of the ecological environment in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for determining the comprehensive weight of the indicators is as follows: subjective weights are determined by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and objective weights are determined by using the entropy weight method. The subjective and objective weights are then combined and optimized using a deviation minimization model to obtain the comprehensive weight of the indicators.

5. The method for evaluating the vulnerability and sensitivity of the ecological environment in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific preprocessing process includes: normalizing and dimensionless processing the collected index data to unify them to a preset numerical range.

6. The method for evaluating the vulnerability and sensitivity of the ecological environment in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves calculating the ecological vulnerability index and ecological sensitivity index by combining the multi-source standardized index data and the comprehensive weight of the indicators, and performing preliminary spatial differentiation analysis to obtain a preliminary evaluation distribution map, specifically including: Combining the multi-source standardized index data and the comprehensive weight of the index, the ecological vulnerability index and ecological sensitivity index of the evaluation unit are calculated respectively. The natural breakpoint method is used to classify and spatially visualize the calculated ecological vulnerability index and ecological sensitivity index to obtain a preliminary evaluation distribution map. The classification includes five levels: low, lower, medium, higher and high.

7. The method for evaluating the vulnerability and sensitivity of the ecological environment in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions according to claim 3, is characterized in that... The degree of compatibility and coordination between the ecological vulnerability index and the ecological sensitivity index is calculated by a comprehensive harmonization index, which is determined by a regulating factor.

8. The method for evaluating the vulnerability and sensitivity of the ecological environment in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The types of the mutual integration zones include: high mutual integration high risk zone, high sensitivity induces vulnerability zone, high vulnerability aggravates sensitivity zone, low mutual integration low risk zone, and disordered degradation zone.

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