Cerebrovascular and nerve conduction model

Abstract

A cerebrovascular and nerve conduction model comprises a base, four universal wheels are installed at the bottom of the base, a supporting column is installed on the upper surface of the base, a brain profiling structure is installed at the upper end of the supporting column, and a first lamp strip and a second lamp strip are arranged on the front portion and the rear portion of the left side of the brain profiling structure respectively. A third lamp strip and a fourth lamp strip are arranged on the front portion and the rear portion of the right side of the brain profiling structure respectively. In conclusion, the lamp strip is used for simulating the brain to control the reflection area, the motor drives the profiling limb to display the paralysis symptom, and the pathogenesis of hemiplegia and paraplegia is helped to be visually understood; the hydraulic system controls the lesion simulation switch to accurately simulate various paralysis conditions, such as left or right hemiplegia, bilateral paralysis and partial paralysis of a unilateral limb, so that the demonstration capability of complex cases is enhanced, learners and doctors can more accurately judge the correlation between lesion positions and symptoms, the formulation of personalized treatment schemes is promoted, and the treatment efficiency is improved. The important significance is realized on improving the living quality of patients.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of clinical teaching equipment technology, specifically relating to a cerebral blood vessel and nerve conduction model. Background Technology

[0002] The process of the brain perceiving and controlling the limbs is a complex physiological process involving the coordinated action of multiple nervous systems and pathways. Brain perception can be broadly divided into the following steps: Receptors in the limbs (such as tactile receptors and pain receptors) receive external stimuli. These receptors convert the stimuli into nerve signals, which are then transmitted to surrounding nerve fibers via nerve endings. The nerve signals travel along the nerve fibers to the spinal cord and then ascend to the corresponding sensory centers in the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex processes and interprets the received signals, forming our perception of external stimuli.

[0003] Brain control can be broadly divided into the following processes: The cerebral cortex generates corresponding motor commands based on perceived information and the individual's intentions. These commands are transmitted to the spinal cord via nerve fibers, and then further transmitted to the corresponding motor neurons. The motor neurons convert the commands into nerve impulses, which are then transmitted to muscle fibers, causing them to contract or relax. The contraction or relaxation of muscles drives the movement of bones and joints, thereby realizing limb movements.

[0004] The brain's perception and control are characterized by a left-right crossover: the left hemisphere controls the movement and sensation of the right limbs, and the right hemisphere controls the movement and sensation of the left limbs. Therefore, when damage to the central nervous system occurs above the crossover point, unilateral brain damage will lead to sensory and motor dysfunction on the contralateral side of the brain; conversely, when damage occurs below the crossover point, unilateral brain damage will lead to sensory and motor dysfunction on the ipsilateral side of the brain.

[0005] Cerebrovascular diseases include cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction. When cerebrovascular diseases occur, local nerve cells die and lose function, resulting in hemiplegia. When spinal cord blood vessels are diseased, it can lead to paraplegia.

[0006] The brain's sensory and limb control processes are crucial to the human body. Cerebrovascular diseases, central nervous system damage, or peripheral nerve damage can lead to various symptoms, the most common being hemiplegia and paraplegia. Hemiplegia is usually caused by cerebrovascular disease or damage to one side of the central nervous system, such as cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, or traumatic brain injury. Paraplegia, on the other hand, is caused by spinal cord injury or spinal cord vascular disease. Hemiplegia primarily manifests as unilateral limb movement impairment, including muscle weakness, decreased muscle tone, and may also be accompanied by sensory abnormalities such as numbness and pain. Paraplegia primarily manifests as bilateral paralysis of limbs at the same level, motor dysfunction, and may also be accompanied by sensory disturbances. Depending on the location of the spinal cord lesion, it can further present as paralysis of both lower limbs or paralysis of both upper and lower limbs.

[0007] The diagnosis of limb paralysis requires combining the patient's symptoms and examination results to determine the location and cause of the lesion. Since lesions in different locations lead to different paralysis symptoms, accurately diagnosing the lesion site is crucial for patient treatment. Therefore, inventing a device capable of simulating different causes and lesion sites is of great significance for patient health guidance, clinical teaching, and auxiliary clinical diagnosis. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention aims to provide a cerebral blood vessel and nerve conduction model to solve the technical problem that existing technologies do not have clinical teaching aids that simulate different causes and lesion sites.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A cerebral blood vessel and nerve conduction model includes a base, four casters are installed at the bottom of the base, a support column is installed on the upper surface of the base, a brain-shaped structure is installed at the upper end of the support column, a first light strip and a second light strip are respectively provided on the left front and rear parts of the brain-shaped structure, and a third light strip and a fourth light strip are respectively provided on the right front and rear parts of the brain-shaped structure. A contoured left upper limb and a contoured left lower limb are mounted on the left side of the support column, and a contoured right upper limb and a contoured right lower limb are mounted on the right side of the support column. The contoured left upper limb, left lower limb, right upper limb, and right lower limb are each hinged to the support column via a hinge shaft. A first rotation drive assembly, a second rotation drive assembly, a third rotation drive assembly, and a fourth rotation drive assembly are also mounted on the support column. The first rotation drive assembly includes a first motor and a torque transmission mechanism, and the second rotation drive assembly includes a second motor and a torque transmission mechanism. The structure includes a third rotation drive assembly comprising a third motor and a set of torque transmission mechanisms, and a fourth rotation drive assembly comprising a fourth motor and a set of torque transmission mechanisms. The four sets of torque transmission mechanisms have the same structure. The first motor can drive the contoured left upper limb to rotate around the hinge axis through the torque transmission mechanism. The second motor can drive the contoured left lower limb to rotate around the hinge axis through the torque transmission mechanism. The third motor can drive the contoured right upper limb to rotate around the hinge axis through the torque transmission mechanism. The fourth motor can drive the contoured right lower limb to rotate around the hinge axis through the torque transmission mechanism. A hydraulic station and a power supply are installed on the base. The positive and negative terminals of the power supply are connected to the main nerve lead. A third lesion simulation switch is also installed on the main nerve lead. A left limb simulation control circuit and a right limb simulation control circuit are connected in parallel on the main nerve lead. The left limb simulation control circuit includes a first lesion simulation switch, a first light strip control circuit, a second light strip control circuit, and a left limb motor control circuit. The first light strip control circuit, the second light strip control circuit, and the left limb motor control circuit are connected in parallel. A first light strip and a fifth switch are installed on the first light strip control circuit. A sixth switch and a second light strip are installed on the second light strip control circuit. A first switch, a first motor, and a second motor are installed on the left limb motor control circuit. The first motor and the second motor are connected in parallel. A fifth lesion simulation switch is installed between the second light strip control circuit and the circuit connected to the second motor. The fifth lesion simulation switch controls the second motor and the second light strip. The right limb simulation control circuit includes a second lesion simulation switch, a third light strip control circuit, a fourth light strip control circuit, and a right limb motor control circuit. The third light strip control circuit, the fourth light strip control circuit, and the right limb motor control circuit are connected in parallel. The third light strip control circuit is equipped with a third light strip and a third switch. The fourth light strip control circuit is equipped with a fourth switch and a fourth light strip. The right limb motor control circuit is equipped with a second switch, a third motor, and a fourth motor. The third motor and the fourth motor are connected in parallel. A fourth lesion simulation switch is provided between the fourth light strip control circuit and the circuit connecting the fourth motor. The fourth lesion simulation switch jointly controls the fourth motor and the fourth light strip. The first switch is installed at the front left side of the brain-shaped structure, the second switch is installed at the front right side of the brain-shaped structure, the third switch is installed at the left upper limb of the brain-shaped structure, the fourth switch is installed at the left lower limb of the brain-shaped structure, the fifth switch is installed at the right upper limb of the brain-shaped structure, and the sixth switch is installed at the right lower limb of the brain-shaped structure. A lesion simulation switch box is installed on the support column, and a first hydraulic valve, a second hydraulic valve, a third hydraulic valve, a fourth hydraulic valve and a fifth hydraulic valve are installed inside the lesion simulation switch box; The hydraulic station controls the first lesion simulation switch, the second lesion simulation switch, the third lesion simulation switch, the fourth lesion simulation switch, and the fifth lesion simulation switch via oil circuits. The first hydraulic valve, the second hydraulic valve, the third hydraulic valve, the fourth hydraulic valve, and the fifth hydraulic valve are respectively installed on the oil circuits connecting the hydraulic station to the first lesion simulation switch, the second lesion simulation switch, the third lesion simulation switch, the fourth lesion simulation switch, and the fifth lesion simulation switch.

[0010] Furthermore, the torque transmission mechanism includes a worm and a worm wheel, with the worm wheel mounted on a hinge shaft and the worm mounted on a support column by rotation.

[0011] Furthermore, the first lesion simulation switch, the second lesion simulation switch, and the third lesion simulation switch have the same structure, each including an execution unit and a switching unit; the fourth lesion simulation switch and the fifth lesion simulation switch have the same structure, each including an execution unit and two switching units. The execution unit includes an execution box, which contains two movable clamps that can move within the execution box. A hydraulic bladder is located between the two movable clamps. Several return springs are located between each movable clamp and the inner wall of the execution box. The hydraulic station is connected to the hydraulic bladder via an oil circuit. The switching unit includes a switching box, inside which are two conductive plates that can move within the switching box. Wire holes are provided on the opposite side walls of the switching box, and wires are connected to the two conductive plates respectively, with the two wires passing out from the wire holes. The execution box of the first lesion simulation switch is connected to the switching box, and a first elongated hole is provided at the connection between the execution box and the switching box. The two movable clamps in the execution box are respectively connected to the two conductive plates in the switching box through the first short rod. The first elongated hole allows the first short rod to pass through and provides movement space. The two wires of the first lesion simulation switch are connected to the left limb simulation control circuit. The two on / off boxes of the fourth lesion simulation switch are connected to both sides of the execution box. A second elongated hole is provided at the connection between the execution box and the two on / off boxes. The two ends of the two movable clamps are respectively connected to two conductive pieces in the two on / off boxes through a second short rod. The second elongated hole allows the second short rod to pass through and provides movement space. Two wires of one on / off box are connected to the fourth light strip control circuit, and two wires of the other on / off box are connected to the fourth motor control circuit.

[0012] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides an innovative tool for medical and health guidance, clinical teaching, and auxiliary diagnosis by simulating different causes and lesion sites. It uses light strips to simulate the brain's control reflex zones and a motor to drive a prosthetic limb to demonstrate paralysis symptoms, helping to intuitively understand the pathogenesis of hemiplegia and paraplegia. The hydraulic system controls the lesion simulation switch, accurately simulating various paralysis conditions, such as left or right hemiplegia, bilateral paralysis, and partial paralysis of one side of the body, enhancing the demonstration ability for complex cases. The torque transmission mechanism ensures the realism of the prosthetic limb's movement, enabling learners and doctors to more accurately determine the correlation between lesion location and symptoms. In addition, this model helps improve medical students' and healthcare professionals' understanding of cerebrovascular diseases and their consequences, promotes the development of personalized treatment plans, and is of great significance for improving patients' quality of life. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cerebral blood vessel and nerve conduction model according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of a cerebral blood vessel and nerve conduction model according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first lesion simulation switch; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth lesion simulation switch. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0016] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a specific embodiment of the cerebral blood vessel and nerve conduction model provided by the present invention is as follows: A cerebral blood vessel and nerve conduction model includes a base 1, four casters 2 mounted on the bottom of the base 1, a support column 3 mounted on the upper surface of the base 1, a brain-shaped structure 4 mounted on the upper end of the support column 3, a first light strip 5 and a second light strip 6 respectively provided on the left front and rear parts of the brain-shaped structure 4, and a third light strip 7 and a fourth light strip 8 respectively provided on the right front and rear parts of the brain-shaped structure 4; the first light strip 5, the second light strip 6, the third light strip 7 and the fourth light strip 8 are all different colors, used to simulate the control reflex areas of the limbs in the brain.

[0017] The left side of the support column 3 is equipped with a contoured left upper limb 9 and a contoured left lower limb 10, and the right side of the support column 3 is equipped with a contoured right upper limb 11 and a contoured right lower limb 12. The contoured left upper limb 9, contoured left lower limb 10, contoured right upper limb 11, and contoured right lower limb 12 are respectively hinged to the support column 3 via a hinge shaft 13. The support column 3 is also equipped with a first rotation drive assembly, a second rotation drive assembly, a third rotation drive assembly, and a fourth rotation drive assembly. The first rotation drive assembly includes a first motor 14 and a set of torque transmission mechanisms 15; the second rotation drive assembly includes a second motor 16 and a set of torque transmission mechanisms 15; the third rotation drive assembly... The moving component includes a third motor 17 and a set of torque transmission mechanisms 15. The fourth rotation drive component includes a fourth motor 18 and a set of torque transmission mechanisms 15. The four sets of torque transmission mechanisms 15 have the same structure. The first motor 14 can drive the contoured left upper limb 9 to rotate around the axis of the hinge shaft 13 through the torque transmission mechanism 15. The second motor 16 can drive the contoured left lower limb 10 to rotate around the axis of the hinge shaft 13 through the torque transmission mechanism 15. The third motor 17 can drive the contoured right upper limb 11 to rotate around the axis of the hinge shaft 13 through the torque transmission mechanism 15. The fourth motor 18 can drive the contoured right lower limb 12 to rotate around the axis of the hinge shaft 13 through the torque transmission mechanism 15. The base 1 is equipped with a hydraulic station 19 and a power supply 20, such as Figure 2 As shown, the positive and negative terminals of the power supply 20 are connected to the main nerve conductor 21. The main nerve conductor 21 is also equipped with a third lesion simulation switch 22. The main nerve conductor 21 is connected in parallel with a left limb simulation control circuit 23 and a right limb simulation control circuit 24. The left limb simulation control circuit 23 includes a first lesion simulation switch 25, a first light strip control circuit, a second light strip control circuit, and a left limb motor control circuit 28. The first light strip control circuit, the second light strip control circuit, and the left limb motor control circuit 28 are connected in parallel. The first light strip control circuit is equipped with a first light strip 5 and a fifth switch 29. The second light strip control circuit is equipped with a sixth switch 30 and a second light strip 6. The left limb motor control circuit 28 is equipped with a first switch 31, a first motor 14, and a second motor 16. The first motor 14 and the second motor 16 are connected in parallel. A fifth lesion simulation switch 32 is provided between the second light strip control circuit and the circuit connecting the second motor 16. The fifth lesion simulation switch 32 controls the second motor 16 and the second light strip 6. The right limb simulation control circuit 24 includes a second lesion simulation switch 33, a third light strip control circuit, a fourth light strip control circuit, and a right limb motor control circuit 36. The third light strip control circuit, the fourth light strip control circuit, and the right limb motor control circuit 36 ​​are connected in parallel. The third light strip control circuit is equipped with a third light strip 7 and a third switch 37. The fourth light strip control circuit is equipped with a fourth switch 40 and a fourth light strip 8. The right limb motor control circuit 36 ​​is equipped with a second switch 38, a third motor 17, and a fourth motor 18. The third motor 17 and the fourth motor 18 are connected in parallel. A fourth lesion simulation switch 39 is provided between the fourth light strip control circuit and the circuit connecting the fourth motor 18. The fourth lesion simulation switch 39 jointly controls the fourth motor 18 and the fourth light strip 8. The first switch 31 is installed at the front left side of the brain-shaped structure 4, the second switch 38 is installed at the front right side of the brain-shaped structure 4, the third switch 37 is installed at the left upper limb 9, the fourth switch 40 is installed at the left lower limb 10, the fifth switch 29 is installed at the right upper limb 11, and the sixth switch 30 is installed at the right lower limb 12. A lesion simulation switch box 41 is installed on the support column 3. The lesion simulation switch box 41 is equipped with a first hydraulic valve, a second hydraulic valve, a third hydraulic valve, a fourth hydraulic valve and a fifth hydraulic valve. The hydraulic station 19 controls the first lesion simulation switch 25, the second lesion simulation switch 33, the third lesion simulation switch 22, the fourth lesion simulation switch 39, and the fifth lesion simulation switch 32 via oil circuits. The first hydraulic valve, the second hydraulic valve, the third hydraulic valve, the fourth hydraulic valve, and the fifth hydraulic valve are respectively installed on the oil circuits connecting the hydraulic station 19 to the first lesion simulation switch 25, the second lesion simulation switch 33, the third lesion simulation switch 22, the fourth lesion simulation switch 39, and the fifth lesion simulation switch 32. The hydraulic valves can control the "opening" and "closing" of the corresponding lesion simulation switches.

[0018] In this embodiment, the nerve main lead 21, the left limb simulation control circuit 23, and the right limb simulation control circuit 24 simulate the cerebral blood vessels and spinal cord blood vessels of the human body. For example, the first motor 14 and the second motor 16 can be controlled by the first switch 31. The first motor 14 and the second motor 16 can control the rotation of the simulated left upper limb 9 and the simulated left lower limb 10 through the torque transmission mechanism 15. The third motor 17 and the fourth motor 18 can be controlled by the second switch 38. The third motor 17 and the fourth motor 18 can control the rotation of the simulated right upper limb 11 and the simulated right lower limb 12 through the torque transmission mechanism 15. The third switch 37 controls the opening and closing of the third light strip 7, the fourth switch 40 controls the opening and closing of the fourth light strip 8, the fifth switch 29 controls the opening and closing of the first light strip 5, and the sixth switch 30 controls the opening and closing of the second light strip 6.

[0019] The first lesion simulation switch 25, the second lesion simulation switch 33, the third lesion simulation switch 22, the fourth lesion simulation switch 39, and the fifth lesion simulation switch 32 are used to simulate nerve conduction disorders caused by vascular or nerve lesions. For example, when all switches are closed, operating the first hydraulic valve allows hydraulic oil from the hydraulic station 19 to enter the first lesion simulation switch 25, opening the first lesion simulation switch 25. This creates an open circuit in the left limb simulation control circuit 23, causing the first switch 31, the fifth switch 29, and the sixth switch 30 to fail and be unable to control the corresponding electrical components. The second switch 38, the third switch 37, and the fourth switch 40 function normally, meaning that the first light strip 5 and the second light strip 6 cannot be turned on, and the simulated left upper limb 9 and the simulated left lower limb 10 cannot be controlled. The third light strip 7 and the fourth light strip 8 can be turned on and off normally, and the simulated right upper limb 11 and the simulated right lower limb 12 can be controlled normally, simulating left hemiplegia.

[0020] Similar to the above, operating the second hydraulic valve allows hydraulic oil from hydraulic station 19 to enter the second lesion simulation switch 33, opening the second lesion simulation switch 33. This creates an open circuit in the right limb simulation control circuit 24, causing the second switch 38, third switch 37, and fourth switch 40 to malfunction and fail to control the corresponding electrical components. The first switch 31, fifth switch 29, and sixth switch 30 function normally, meaning the third light strip 7 and fourth light strip 8 cannot be turned on, and the prototypical right upper limb 11 and prototypical right lower limb 12 cannot be controlled. The first light strip 5 and second light strip 6 can be turned on and off normally, and the prototypical left upper limb 9 and prototypical left lower limb 10 can be controlled normally, mimicking right-sided hemiplegia.

[0021] When the third hydraulic valve is operated, the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic station 19 enters the third lesion simulation switch 22. The third lesion simulation switch 22 is opened, and the left limb simulation control circuit 23 and the right limb simulation control circuit 24 are both disconnected. At this time, the first switch 31 to the sixth switch 30 are all ineffective, simulating the paraplegia situation.

[0022] When the fourth hydraulic valve is operated, the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic station 19 enters the fourth lesion simulation switch 39, which is then turned on. The fourth motor 18 and the fourth light strip 8 are controlled by the fourth lesion simulation switch 39. At this time, the fourth switch 40 cannot control the fourth light strip 8. The second switch 38 can control the third motor 17, but cannot control the fourth motor 18. The prototypical right upper limb 11 can move, while the prototypical right lower limb 12 is uncontrolled, mimicking the situation of right leg hemiplegia.

[0023] When the fifth hydraulic valve is operated, the hydraulic oil of the hydraulic station 19 enters the fifth lesion simulation switch 32, and the fifth lesion simulation switch 32 is opened. The second motor 16 and the second light strip 6 are controlled by the fifth lesion simulation switch 32. At this time, the sixth switch 30 cannot control the second light strip 6, the first switch 31 can control the first motor 14, but cannot control the second motor 16. The prototypical left upper limb 9 can move, while the prototypical left lower limb 10 is uncontrolled, simulating the condition of left leg hemiplegia.

[0024] The torque transmission mechanism 15 in this embodiment is used to transmit the power of the motor to the corresponding contoured limb. The torque transmission mechanism 15 includes a worm and a worm wheel. The worm wheel is mounted on the hinge shaft 13, and the worm is mounted on the support column 3 by rotation. The main shaft of the first motor 14 is connected to the worm. The first motor 14 drives the worm to rotate, and the worm drives the worm wheel to rotate. The hinge shaft 13 rotates accordingly. The contoured left upper limb 9 is set on the hinge shaft 13. Therefore, the contoured left upper limb 9 can rotate under the drive of the hinge shaft 13. The rotation process of the contoured left lower limb 10, the contoured right upper limb 11, and the contoured right lower limb 12 is the same as described above, and will not be repeated.

[0025] This embodiment also designs a lesion simulation switch controlled by hydraulic pressure. Specifically, the first lesion simulation switch 25, the second lesion simulation switch 33 and the third lesion simulation switch 22 have the same structure, which includes an execution unit and a switching unit. The fourth lesion simulation switch 39 and the fifth lesion simulation switch 32 have the same structure, which includes an execution unit and two switching units. The execution unit includes an execution box 42, which contains two movable clamping plates 43 that can move within the execution box 42. A hydraulic bladder 44 is provided between the two movable clamping plates 43. Several return springs 45 are provided between each movable clamping plate 43 and the inner wall of the execution box 42. The hydraulic station 19 is connected to the hydraulic bladder 44 via an oil circuit 46. The switching unit includes a switching box 47, and two conductive plates 48 are provided inside the switching box 47. The two conductive plates 48 can move inside the switching box 47. Wire holes are opened on the opposite side walls of the switching box 47. The two conductive plates 48 are respectively connected to wires 49, and the two wires 49 pass out from the wire holes. like Figure 3As shown, the execution box 42 of the first lesion simulation switch 25 is connected to the switching box 47, and a first elongated hole 50 is provided at the connection between the execution box 42 and the switching box 47. The two movable clamps 43 inside the execution box 42 are respectively connected to the two conductive plates 48 inside the switching box 47 through the first short rod 51. The first elongated hole 50 allows the first short rod 51 to pass through and provides movement space. The two wires 49 of the first lesion simulation switch 25 are connected to the left limb simulation control circuit 23. Under normal circumstances, the two conductive plates 48 are in contact and can transmit power, i.e., the first lesion... The analog switch 25 is in the "closed" state. When the first hydraulic valve is operated, the hydraulic oil of the hydraulic station 19 enters the hydraulic bladder 44 of the first lesion analog switch 25. The hydraulic bladder 44 is expanded. During the expansion process, the hydraulic bladder 44 pushes the two movable clamps 43, causing the two movable clamps 43 to move in opposite directions. The return spring 45 is compressed, and the movable clamps 43 are connected to the conductive plates 48. The two movable clamps 43 move, causing the two conductive plates 48 to separate. The two conductive plates 48 are not in contact and cannot transmit electricity, forming an open circuit. That is, the first lesion analog switch 25 is in the "open" state.

[0026] like Figure 4 As shown, the two on / off boxes 47 of the fourth lesion simulation switch 39 are connected to both sides of the execution box 42. A second elongated hole 52 is provided at the connection between the execution box 42 and the two on / off boxes 47. The two ends of the two movable clamps 43 are respectively connected to the two conductive pieces 48 inside the two on / off boxes 47 through the second short rods 53. The second elongated hole 52 allows the second short rods 53 to pass through and provides space for movement. The two wires 49 of one on / off box 47 are connected to the fourth light strip control circuit, and the two wires 49 of the other on / off box 47 are connected to the control circuit of the fourth motor 18. Similar to the operation of the first lesion simulation switch 25, under normal circumstances, the two conductive pieces 48 in the two switch boxes 47 are in contact and in a connected state, and can transmit power normally. The fourth lesion simulation switch 39 is in a "closed" state. When the fourth hydraulic valve is operated, the hydraulic oil of the hydraulic station 19 enters the hydraulic bladder 44 of the fourth lesion simulation switch 39. The hydraulic bladder 44 is expanded. During the expansion process, the hydraulic bladder 44 simultaneously pushes the two movable clamps 43 in the two switch boxes 47, so that the two movable clamps 43 in the switch boxes 47 move in opposite directions. Finally, the two conductive pieces 48 separate, and the two conductive pieces 48 in the two switch boxes 47 are no longer in contact and cannot transmit power, forming an open circuit. That is, the fourth lesion simulation switch 39 is in an "open" state, forming joint control of the fourth light strip 8 and the fourth motor 18.

[0027] It should be noted that, in this document, terms such as “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0028] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cerebral blood vessel and nerve conduction model, characterized in that: Includes a base, with four casters installed at the bottom of the base, a support column installed on the upper surface of the base, and a brain-shaped structure installed at the upper end of the support column. The left front and rear parts of the brain-shaped structure are respectively equipped with a first light strip and a second light strip, and the right front and rear parts of the brain-shaped structure are respectively equipped with a third light strip and a fourth light strip. A contoured left upper limb and a contoured left lower limb are mounted on the left side of the support column, and a contoured right upper limb and a contoured right lower limb are mounted on the right side of the support column. The contoured left upper limb, left lower limb, right upper limb, and right lower limb are each hinged to the support column via a hinge shaft. A first rotation drive assembly, a second rotation drive assembly, a third rotation drive assembly, and a fourth rotation drive assembly are also mounted on the support column. The first rotation drive assembly includes a first motor and a torque transmission mechanism, and the second rotation drive assembly includes a second motor and a torque transmission mechanism. The structure includes a third rotation drive assembly comprising a third motor and a set of torque transmission mechanisms, and a fourth rotation drive assembly comprising a fourth motor and a set of torque transmission mechanisms. The four sets of torque transmission mechanisms have the same structure. The first motor can drive the contoured left upper limb to rotate around the hinge axis through the torque transmission mechanism. The second motor can drive the contoured left lower limb to rotate around the hinge axis through the torque transmission mechanism. The third motor can drive the contoured right upper limb to rotate around the hinge axis through the torque transmission mechanism. The fourth motor can drive the contoured right lower limb to rotate around the hinge axis through the torque transmission mechanism. A hydraulic station and a power supply are installed on the base. The positive and negative terminals of the power supply are connected to the main nerve lead. A third lesion simulation switch is also installed on the main nerve lead. A left limb simulation control circuit and a right limb simulation control circuit are connected in parallel on the main nerve lead. The left limb simulation control circuit includes a first lesion simulation switch, a first light strip control circuit, a second light strip control circuit, and a left limb motor control circuit. The first light strip control circuit, the second light strip control circuit, and the left limb motor control circuit are connected in parallel. A first light strip and a fifth switch are installed on the first light strip control circuit. A sixth switch and a second light strip are installed on the second light strip control circuit. A first switch, a first motor, and a second motor are installed on the left limb motor control circuit. The first motor and the second motor are connected in parallel. A fifth lesion simulation switch is installed between the second light strip control circuit and the circuit connected to the second motor. The fifth lesion simulation switch controls the second motor and the second light strip. The right limb simulation control circuit includes a second lesion simulation switch, a third light strip control circuit, a fourth light strip control circuit, and a right limb motor control circuit. The third light strip control circuit, the fourth light strip control circuit, and the right limb motor control circuit are connected in parallel. The third light strip control circuit is equipped with a third light strip and a third switch. The fourth light strip control circuit is equipped with a fourth switch and a fourth light strip. The right limb motor control circuit is equipped with a second switch, a third motor, and a fourth motor. The third motor and the fourth motor are connected in parallel. A fourth lesion simulation switch is provided between the fourth light strip control circuit and the circuit connecting the fourth motor. The fourth lesion simulation switch jointly controls the fourth motor and the fourth light strip. The first switch is installed at the front left side of the brain-shaped structure, the second switch is installed at the front right side of the brain-shaped structure, the third switch is installed at the left upper limb of the brain-shaped structure, the fourth switch is installed at the left lower limb of the brain-shaped structure, the fifth switch is installed at the right upper limb of the brain-shaped structure, and the sixth switch is installed at the right lower limb of the brain-shaped structure. A lesion simulation switch box is installed on the support column, and a first hydraulic valve, a second hydraulic valve, a third hydraulic valve, a fourth hydraulic valve and a fifth hydraulic valve are installed inside the lesion simulation switch box; The hydraulic station controls the first lesion simulation switch, the second lesion simulation switch, the third lesion simulation switch, the fourth lesion simulation switch, and the fifth lesion simulation switch via oil circuits. The first hydraulic valve, the second hydraulic valve, the third hydraulic valve, the fourth hydraulic valve, and the fifth hydraulic valve are respectively installed on the oil circuits connecting the hydraulic station to the first lesion simulation switch, the second lesion simulation switch, the third lesion simulation switch, the fourth lesion simulation switch, and the fifth lesion simulation switch.

2. The cerebral blood vessel and nerve conduction model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The torque transmission mechanism includes a worm and a worm wheel. The worm wheel is mounted on a hinge shaft, and the worm is mounted on a support column by rotation.

3. The cerebral blood vessel and nerve conduction model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first lesion simulation switch, the second lesion simulation switch, and the third lesion simulation switch have the same structure, each including an execution unit and a switching unit. The fourth lesion simulation switch and the fifth lesion simulation switch have the same structure, each including an execution unit and two switching units. The execution unit includes an execution box, which contains two movable clamps that can move within the execution box. A hydraulic bladder is located between the two movable clamps. Several return springs are located between each movable clamp and the inner wall of the execution box. The hydraulic station is connected to the hydraulic bladder via an oil circuit. The switching unit includes a switching box, inside which are two conductive plates that can move within the switching box. Wire holes are provided on the opposite side walls of the switching box, and wires are connected to the two conductive plates respectively, with the two wires passing out from the wire holes. The execution box of the first lesion simulation switch is connected to the switching box, and a first elongated hole is provided at the connection between the execution box and the switching box. The two movable clamps in the execution box are respectively connected to the two conductive plates in the switching box through the first short rod. The first elongated hole allows the first short rod to pass through and provides movement space. The two wires of the first lesion simulation switch are connected to the left limb simulation control circuit. The two on / off boxes of the fourth lesion simulation switch are connected to both sides of the execution box. A second elongated hole is provided at the connection between the execution box and the two on / off boxes. The two ends of the two movable clamps are respectively connected to two conductive pieces in the two on / off boxes through a second short rod. The second elongated hole allows the second short rod to pass through and provides movement space. Two wires of one on / off box are connected to the fourth light strip control circuit, and two wires of the other on / off box are connected to the fourth motor control circuit.

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