Antenna, equipment and antenna optimization method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of antennas, and discloses an antenna, equipment and an optimization method of the antenna. The antipodal Vivaldi antenna structure comprises a first radiation arm and a second radiation arm which are printed on two sides of the dielectric plate; the electromagnetic combined structure is connected with the antipodal Vivaldi antenna structure and is used for forming a magnetic dipole to reconstruct surface current distribution; the absorption resistor is loaded on a current backflow path formed by the electromagnetic combination structure; and the regulator is connected with the absorption resistor and is used for guiding edge current to the absorption resistor for dissipation. Through cooperative arrangement of the electromagnetic combination structure, the absorption resistor and the regulator, low-frequency-band current reflection is suppressed through current path reconstruction and energy dissipation, and the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna is optimized to expand the impedance bandwidth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of antennas, and particularly relates to an antenna, a device, and a method for optimizing the antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Vivaldi antennas, as a classic tapered slot antenna, are widely used in radar imaging, electromagnetic detection, and other fields due to their ultra-wideband characteristics, directional radiation, and simple structure. Traditional antipodal Vivaldi antennas (AVAs) improve impedance matching by printing the radiating arms on both sides of a dielectric substrate, but their surface current distribution remains unsatisfactory. Specifically, the surface current exhibits a global distribution phenomenon, causing a large amount of non-radiating current to dissipate on the radiating arms and reflect back to the feedback port. This results in severe impedance mismatch, especially at low frequencies, leading to a deterioration in the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and limiting further expansion of the antenna's impedance bandwidth.

[0003] Related technologies often employ methods that complicate antenna geometry, such as introducing multi-level gradients or complex slot designs. However, these methods increase fabrication difficulty and manufacturing costs, and are sensitive to fabrication errors. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention discloses an antenna, a device, and an antenna optimization method, which can solve the shortcomings existing in related technologies.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention discloses the following technical solution: According to a first aspect of the present invention, an antenna is provided, the system comprising: Medium plate; The Vivaldi antenna structure includes a first radiating arm and a second radiating arm printed on both sides of the dielectric substrate. An electromagnetic combination structure, connected to the Vivaldi antenna structure, is used to form a magnetic dipole to reconstruct the surface current distribution; An absorption resistor is applied to the current return path formed by the electromagnetic combination structure. A regulator, connected to the absorption resistor, is used to guide edge current to the absorption resistor for dissipation; wherein, the electromagnetic combination structure, the absorption resistor and the regulator work together to suppress low-frequency current reflection through current path reconstruction and energy dissipation, and optimize the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna to extend the impedance bandwidth.

[0006] Preferably, the electromagnetic combination structure includes a conductor stub or loop connected to the first radiating arm and / or the second radiating arm, the conductor stub or loop being sized to generate a magnetic dipole moment that engages with the electric dipole when the antenna is in operation.

[0007] Preferably, the electromagnetic combination structure increases the proportion of traveling wave energy in the near-field region of the antenna, and the wave impedance in its main radiation direction tends to be the free space wave impedance in the near-field region.

[0008] Preferably, the absorption resistor is directly welded or printed on the conductor loop formed by the electromagnetic combination structure, and is used to absorb specific frequency current flowing through the feedback port of the loop.

[0009] Preferably, the regulator is a conductor branch extending from the edge of the radiating arm, and its shape includes, but is not limited to, a straight line, an arc, or a broken line, for capturing and shunting edge current based on the skin effect.

[0010] Preferably, the regulator and the absorption resistor form a dissipation branch connected in parallel to the main radiation path, which is used to directionally guide part of the low-frequency energy of the original intended reflection feedback source and convert it into heat energy.

[0011] Preferably, the contours of the first and second radiating arms are defined by an exponentially gradient curve, and the width of the curve opening is determined by the high and low cutoff frequencies of the antenna's operating frequency band.

[0012] Preferably, the contours of the first and second radiating arms follow an exponential gradient curve, which is defined by the following formula: ; Where x and y are contour coordinates, a is the exponential rate of change, and (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are two points on the curve.

[0013] According to a second aspect of the invention, an electronic device is provided, comprising an antenna as described in the first aspect.

[0014] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a method for optimizing antenna impedance bandwidth is proposed, the method being applied to an antenna as described in the first aspect, the method comprising: The electromagnetic combination structure excites the magnetic dipole and coordinates it with the electric dipole of the antenna to reconstruct the current distribution on the antenna surface and increase the traveling wave radiation energy. On the current return path generated by the electromagnetic combination structure, the reflected current energy that causes impedance mismatch is dissipated by loading an absorption resistor. The regulator actively guides the current distributed at the conductor edge to the absorption resistor to reduce the energy flow at the reflection feedback port.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: On the one hand, by optimizing the basic impedance characteristics through an electromagnetic combination structure and combining it with an absorption resistor and a regulator to specifically suppress reflections, the antenna achieves low VSWR and low reflection coefficient across an extremely wide frequency band from low to high frequencies, thus realizing ultra-wideband high-performance impedance matching. On the other hand, by reconstructing the current distribution, more energy is guided to the effective radiation path, reducing the dissipation and reflection of non-radiative energy, thereby improving radiation efficiency. This invention's structure, which coordinates the electromagnetic combination structure, absorption resistor, and regulator, does not introduce a complex three-dimensional structure, is relatively insensitive to manufacturing tolerances, and enhances the antenna's reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided in an exemplary embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a gradient section of a Vivaldi antenna provided in an exemplary embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the Vivaldi structure and radiation mechanism as provided in an exemplary embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the wave impedance distribution of an electric dipole, a magnetic dipole, and an electromagnetic combined oscillator along the main radiation direction, provided as an exemplary embodiment. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a Vivaldi antenna based on the principle of electromagnetic combination, provided as an exemplary embodiment; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a modulator-based Vivaldi antenna provided in an exemplary embodiment; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a Vivaldi antenna with a loaded resistor provided in an exemplary embodiment; Figure 8 This is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method for optimizing antenna impedance bandwidth. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of systems consistent with one or more embodiments of the present invention as detailed in the appended claims.

[0018] It should be noted that the steps of the corresponding methods in other embodiments are not necessarily performed in the order shown and described in this invention. In some other embodiments, the methods may include more or fewer steps than those described in this invention. Furthermore, a single step described in this invention may be broken down into multiple steps in other embodiments; and multiple steps described in this invention may be combined into a single step in other embodiments.

[0019] Vivaldi antennas, as a classic tapered slot antenna, are widely used in radar imaging, electromagnetic detection, and other fields due to their ultra-wideband characteristics, directional radiation, and simple structure. Traditional antipodal Vivaldi antennas (AVAs) improve impedance matching by printing the radiating arms on both sides of a dielectric substrate, but their surface current distribution remains unsatisfactory. Specifically, the surface current exhibits a global distribution phenomenon, causing a large amount of non-radiating current to dissipate on the radiating arms and reflect back to the feedback port. This results in severe impedance mismatch, especially at low frequencies, leading to a deterioration in the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and limiting further expansion of the antenna's impedance bandwidth.

[0020] Related technologies often employ methods that complicate antenna geometry, such as introducing multi-level gradients or complex slot designs. However, these methods increase fabrication difficulty and manufacturing costs, and are sensitive to fabrication errors.

[0021] To address the shortcomings of related technologies, this invention proposes an antenna.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided in an exemplary embodiment. (As shown) Figure 1 As shown, the antenna includes: Medium plate; The Vivaldi antenna structure includes a first radiating arm and a second radiating arm printed on both sides of the dielectric substrate. An electromagnetic combination structure, connected to the Vivaldi antenna structure, is used to form a magnetic dipole to reconstruct the surface current distribution; An absorption resistor is applied to the current return path formed by the electromagnetic combination structure. A regulator, connected to the absorption resistor, is used to guide edge current to the absorption resistor for dissipation; wherein, the electromagnetic combination structure, the absorption resistor and the regulator work together to suppress low-frequency current reflection through current path reconstruction and energy dissipation, and optimize the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna to extend the impedance bandwidth.

[0023] The Vivaldi antenna structure is printed on both sides of a dielectric substrate, serving as the basic radiator. The electromagnetic assembly structure is directly connected to this basic structure to modify its electromagnetic properties. The absorption resistor is precisely applied to the critical path formed by the electromagnetic assembly structure. Finally, one end of the regulator is connected to the edge of the radiating arm, and the other end is connected to the absorption resistor, forming an additional dissipation branch.

[0024] In this embodiment, the electromagnetic combination structure is responsible for reconstructing the energy distribution at the near-field level, laying a solid impedance foundation; the absorption resistor is responsible for the directional absorption of harmful reflections that have already occurred; and the regulator actively guides the edge current, working in conjunction with the resistor. Through the mechanism of "basic reconstruction - directional absorption - active guidance," the three components work together on the surface current, suppressing low-frequency current reflections, thereby synergistically optimizing the antenna's voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and extending the impedance bandwidth.

[0025] The dielectric substrate is a crucial component for achieving excellent performance in a graded slotted antenna. The thickness and dielectric constant of the substrate affect the ability of the slot lines to confine surface waves. The effective thickness of the dielectric substrate is shown below: ; Where h is the actual thickness of the dielectric substrate. ε r It is the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate. h eff The optimal value range for λ is 0.005. g ~ 0.03λg, λ g It is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in free space.

[0026] The front-end feed section of a Vivaldi antenna can be a balun, whose main function is to convert from single-ended transmission to differential transmission. A slotted line is a balanced transmission line, while signal transmission lines in engineering design are mostly unbalanced. Therefore, antenna design requires a converter from unbalanced transmission line to slotted line for feeding.

[0027] like Figure 2 As shown, the parameters of the tapered section of the Vivaldi antenna are divided into the slot opening size W, the antenna length H, and the exponential tapering rate a. The slot opening width H is determined by the high and low cutoff frequencies of the designed operating frequency band.

[0028] In one embodiment, the contours of the first and second radiating arms are defined by an exponentially gradient curve, and the width of the curve opening is determined by the high and low cutoff frequencies of the antenna's operating frequency band.

[0029] The contours of the first and second radiating arms follow an exponential gradient curve, which is defined by the following formula: ; Where x and y are contour coordinates, a is the exponential rate of change, and (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are two points on the curve.

[0030] This gradient curve is the core of the Vivaldi antenna's ultra-wideband characteristics. It ensures that electromagnetic waves can smoothly and continuously transition and effectively radiate from the feed point to the radiating aperture in the form of a traveling wave. This is the geometric basis for the antenna to achieve wideband characteristics, and together with the aforementioned optimization measures, it ensures the realization of the final performance.

[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, the Vivaldi antenna differs from the classic Vivaldi antenna. Its radiating metal patches are printed on both sides of the substrate, making impedance matching easier. The Vivaldi antenna consists of three parts: the radiating region, the transmission region, and the feeding region. At low frequencies, it can be considered a resonant antenna; at high frequencies, it can be considered a non-resonant traveling-wave antenna. The radiation mechanism of the Vivaldi antenna involves electromagnetic waves propagating along the inner edge of the exponentially gradient line on the radiating patch. The energy on the two metal patches then couples to produce radiation, with maximum radiation occurring in the opening direction. Furthermore, the Vivaldi antenna achieves ultra-wideband performance primarily because the traveling-wave currents on the two arms are 180° out of phase.

[0032] The core of electromagnetic combination design lies in the coordination of electric and magnetic dipoles. The energy near the dipole mainly includes: traveling wave energy in the antenna's near field, reactive energy, and boundary energy.

[0033] The traveling wave energy in the near field of the antenna: The average energy density of the traveling wave energy depends on the integral of the average Poynting vector I through the closed surface S1. In this part of the energy, the average electric field energy and the average magnetic field energy are equal, and their phase difference decreases as the distance from the antenna increases. Eventually, the electric field energy and the magnetic field energy form synchronous oscillations, thus generating a traveling wave. Therefore, this part of the energy corresponds to the radiated energy in the far field of the antenna, ultimately forming a space electromagnetic wave.

[0034] Unenergized energy: This portion of energy does not participate in the formation of traveling waves and oscillates periodically between the near field and the excitation source. This portion of energy determines the integral of the imaginary part of the Poynting vector across the region.

[0035] Boundary energy: This portion of energy participates in the interconversion between the near-field electric and magnetic field energy of the antenna, but its net outflow value is 0 on the closed surface S1. It mainly oscillates between the electric and magnetic field energy regions, and the average density of the boundary energy does not change with time. In the far-field region of the antenna, this energy density is 0.

[0036] The wave impedance distribution of electric dipoles, magnetic dipoles, and electromagnetic combined oscillators along the main radiation direction is as follows: Figure 4 As shown in the figure, compared with electric dipoles and magnetic dipoles, the electromagnetic combined oscillator maintains the same wave impedance as the vacuum wave impedance in the main radiation direction, meaning that the proportion of near-field traveling wave energy is increased, thereby improving its radiation characteristics.

[0037] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic combination structure includes a conductor stub or loop connected to the first radiating arm and / or the second radiating arm, the conductor stub or loop being sized to generate a magnetic dipole moment that engages with an electric dipole when the antenna is in operation.

[0038] Furthermore, the electromagnetic combination structure increases the proportion of traveling wave energy in the near-field region of the antenna, and the wave impedance in its main radiation direction tends to be the free space wave impedance in the near-field region.

[0039] Specifically, this structure manifests as a conductor stub connected to the first and / or second radiating arms, or a loop formed by the stub and the radiating arms. Its dimensions are carefully designed to ensure that a magnetic dipole moment that matches the antenna's inherent electric dipole is excited during antenna operation.

[0040] In this embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the key role of this electromagnetic combined dipole structure is to optimize the near-field characteristics of the antenna. Compared with a single electric dipole or magnetic dipole, it makes the wave impedance of the antenna in the main radiation direction approach the free-space wave impedance (approximately 377Ω) in the near-field region.

[0041] like Figure 5 As shown, the electromagnetic combination primarily short-circuits the reactive energy in the antenna's near field, forming a magnetic dipole. Through the coordination of the electromagnetic combination oscillators, the low-frequency radiation characteristics of the antenna are improved, increasing its operating bandwidth. This characteristic means that the reactive energy in the antenna's near field, which originally oscillated back and forth between the source and near field and did not participate in radiation, is effectively converted, increasing the proportion of traveling wave energy that can be radiated to the far field. This provides an excellent impedance matching foundation for the antenna from a physical level, which is the fundamental prerequisite for widening the bandwidth.

[0042] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the regulator is a conductor branch extending from the edge of the radiating arm, and its shape includes, but is not limited to, a straight line, an arc, or a broken line, for capturing and shunting edge current based on the skin effect.

[0043] Furthermore, the regulator and the absorption resistor form a dissipation branch connected in parallel to the main radiation path, which is used to directionally guide part of the low-frequency energy of the original intended reflection feedback source and convert it into heat energy.

[0044] The regulator is a conductor branch extending from the edge of the radiating arm, and its shape can be straight, arc, or polygonal, designed to efficiently capture edge current.

[0045] The regulator works as follows: When a planar conductor operates at high frequencies, the skin effect causes current to naturally distribute along the edges of the structure. Through specific geometric design, the regulator actively captures and guides these edge currents to the regulating branch.

[0046] The regulator serves two purposes: firstly, to suppress reflected waves and optimize VSWR by shunting part of the return current, thereby reducing the reflected energy at the feed port and specifically addressing the low-frequency mismatch problem of the original VCA structure; secondly, to reconstruct the current distribution, enhance radiation efficiency, and forcibly change the current flow on the conductor surface: in the original structure, the current diffuses randomly; after the regulator is applied, the current is constrained to the radiation edge, thus regulating the branch and improving radiation efficiency.

[0047] In this embodiment, the structure operates based on the high-frequency "skin effect" (current naturally distributed at the edge of a conductor), actively capturing and guiding these edge currents. It is connected to an absorption resistor, together forming a dissipation branch in parallel with the main radiation path. Its effect is to "guide" a portion of the low-frequency energy that would otherwise be reflected back to the source to this branch for dissipation.

[0048] In one embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, the absorption resistor is directly welded or printed on the conductor loop formed by the electromagnetic combination structure, and is used to absorb specific frequency current flowing through the feedback port of the loop.

[0049] The working principle of the absorption resistor: In an electromagnetic composite structure, some current flows back to the input port through the internal metal loop, creating strong energy reflection and causing impedance mismatch. Essentially, it utilizes resistive elements to achieve directional absorption of the reflected wave that affects the voltage standing wave ratio. Simultaneously, the resistor's layout cleverly conforms to the physical characteristic that high-frequency current tends to distribute towards the conductor's edge, ensuring efficient energy conversion of the return current.

[0050] The core function of the absorption resistor: This design expands the antenna's operating bandwidth, lowers the effective lower limit of the frequency band, achieves ultra-wideband coverage from extremely low frequencies to high frequencies, and ensures that the reflection coefficient remains stable at an excellent level across the entire frequency band, fundamentally optimizing the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). More importantly, the resistor strongly suppresses the intensity of the return current, weakening the reflected energy at the feed port and improving the antenna's radiation efficiency. When working in conjunction with the regulator structure, it further enhances the dissipation capability of low-frequency reflected energy, specifically addressing the impedance matching bottleneck of traditional Vivaldi antennas in the low-frequency region, and providing an innovative space electromagnetic energy regulation mechanism for ultra-wideband systems.

[0051] The absorption resistor is directly soldered or printed on the conductor loop formed by the electromagnetic combination structure, typically located at the point of maximum return current density determined by simulation.

[0052] In this embodiment, its core function is to directionally absorb reflected current energy in a specific frequency band (especially low frequencies). When current flows through the feedback port of this loop, the resistor converts its energy into heat and dissipates it.

[0053] The present invention also proposes an electronic device comprising the antenna as described above.

[0054] The antenna proposed in this invention can be integrated into electronic devices such as ultra-wideband radar and communication terminals as their radio frequency front-end. Due to its advantages of ultra-wideband, low VSWR, and high radiation efficiency, this antenna can improve the detection range, resolution, or communication quality and stability of the entire device.

[0055] This invention also proposes a method for optimizing antenna impedance bandwidth, which is applied to antennas as described above, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the method includes at least the following steps: Step 801: Excite the magnetic dipole through the electromagnetic combination structure and cooperate with the electric dipole of the antenna to reconstruct the current distribution on the antenna surface and increase the traveling wave radiation energy. Step 802: On the current return path generated by the electromagnetic combination structure, the reflected current energy that causes impedance mismatch is dissipated by loading an absorption resistor. Step 803: Actively guide the current distributed at the edge of the conductor to the absorption resistor through the regulator to weaken the energy flow at the reflection feedback port.

[0056] In this embodiment, on the one hand, by optimizing the basic impedance characteristics through an electromagnetic combination structure and combining an absorption resistor and a regulator to specifically suppress reflections, the antenna achieves low VSWR and reflection coefficient across an extremely wide frequency band from low to high frequencies, thus realizing ultra-wideband high-performance impedance matching. On the other hand, by reconstructing the current distribution, more energy is guided to the effective radiation path, reducing the dissipation and reflection of non-radiative energy, thereby improving radiation efficiency. This invention's structure, which synergistically combines the electromagnetic combination structure, absorption resistor, and regulator, does not introduce complex three-dimensional structures, is relatively insensitive to manufacturing tolerances, and enhances the antenna's reliability.

[0057] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0058] The foregoing has described specific embodiments of the invention. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps described in the claims may be performed in a different order than that shown in the embodiments and may still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific or sequential order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0059] The terminology used in one or more embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in one or more embodiments of the invention and in the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0060] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used to describe various information in one or more embodiments of the present invention, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of the present invention, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to a determination."

[0061] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of one or more embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of one or more embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, include: Medium plate; The Vivaldi antenna structure includes a first radiating arm and a second radiating arm printed on both sides of the dielectric substrate. An electromagnetic combination structure, connected to the Vivaldi antenna structure, is used to form a magnetic dipole to reconstruct the surface current distribution; An absorption resistor is applied to the current return path formed by the electromagnetic combination structure. A regulator, connected to the absorption resistor, is used to guide edge current to the absorption resistor for dissipation; wherein, the electromagnetic combination structure, the absorption resistor and the regulator work together to suppress low-frequency current reflection through current path reconstruction and energy dissipation, and optimize the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna to extend the impedance bandwidth.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic combination structure includes a conductor stub or loop connected to the first radiating arm and / or the second radiating arm, the conductor stub or loop being sized to generate a magnetic dipole moment that engages with an electric dipole when the antenna is in operation.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The electromagnetic combination structure increases the proportion of traveling wave energy in the near field region of the antenna, and its wave impedance in the main radiation direction tends to be the free space wave impedance in the near field region.

4. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absorption resistor is directly welded or printed on the conductor loop formed by the electromagnetic combination structure, and is used to absorb specific frequency current flowing through the feedback port of the loop.

5. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regulator is a conductor branch extending from the edge of the radiating arm, and its shape includes, but is not limited to, a straight line, an arc, or a broken line, used to capture and shunt edge current based on the skin effect.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The regulator and the absorption resistor form a dissipation branch connected in parallel to the main radiation path, which is used to directionally guide part of the low-frequency energy of the original intended reflection feedback source and convert it into heat energy.

7. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The contours of the first and second radiating arms are defined by an exponentially gradient curve, and the width of the curve opening is determined by the high and low cutoff frequencies of the antenna's operating frequency band.

8. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The contours of the first and second radiating arms follow an exponential gradient curve, which is defined by the following formula: ； Where x and y are contour coordinates, a is the exponential rate of change, and (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are two points on the curve.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes an antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A method for optimizing an antenna, characterized in that, The method is applied to the antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, and the method includes: The electromagnetic combination structure excites the magnetic dipole and coordinates it with the electric dipole of the antenna to reconstruct the current distribution on the antenna surface and increase the traveling wave radiation energy. On the current return path generated by the electromagnetic combination structure, the reflected current energy that causes impedance mismatch is dissipated by loading an absorption resistor. The regulator actively guides the current distributed at the conductor edge to the absorption resistor to reduce the energy flow at the reflection feedback port.

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