Modular communication system and method based on identifiable codes
By using a modular communication system based on identifiable codes, the problems of low efficiency, poor scalability, and difficult debugging in existing communication protocols are solved, realizing a high-efficiency and easily expandable communication system that supports automatic device identification and cloud management.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing communication protocols for industrial control and IoT devices suffer from problems such as low processing efficiency, poor scalability, low transmission efficiency, rigid structure, difficult debugging, poor compatibility, and lack of device identification mechanisms, which cannot meet the needs of modern IoT devices for efficient communication and functional expansion.
A modular communication system based on recognizable codes is adopted. The frame structure consists of a frame header and a 4-byte basic unit. The frame header contains device identification information. The high-order part of the 4-byte basic unit is the type identification code, and the low-order part is the parameter value. It supports single-byte or double-byte identification codes and adopts a two-stage confirmation interaction process and CRC check to achieve automatic device identification and efficient data processing.
It has achieved a communication system with a clear structure, easy debugging, efficient processing, and easy expansion. It supports multiple concurrent commands, simplifies development and debugging, and improves the ability of automatic device identification and cloud management.
Smart Images
Figure CN121792016A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of industrial Internet of Things (IoT) communication technology. Specifically, it relates to an efficient, highly reliable, and scalable frame structure communication protocol suitable for embedded systems or 32-bit microcontrollers such as ARM. It features a modular communication frame structure system and is particularly suitable for scenarios requiring efficient data communication and interactive processing with IoT terminal devices and industrial control equipment. Background Technology
[0002] In existing industrial control and smart metering (such as electric vehicle battery monitoring modules) IoT devices, inter-device communication commonly uses serial communication protocols such as Modbus RTU. These protocols, mostly employing 8-bit byte structures and fixed function codes, can no longer meet the demands of modern IoT devices for efficient communication and functional expansion, and suffer from the following problems:
[0003] 1. Low processing efficiency: Most traditional protocols use 8-bit or 16-bit basic unit structures, which cannot fully utilize the data processing advantages of the bus bandwidth of modern 32-bit microcontrollers. This results in the need for additional data alignment on 32-bit platforms such as ARM. For example, operating 8-bit or 16-bit data units requires additional splitting and splicing, which reduces the operating efficiency of 32-bit processors.
[0004] 2. Poor scalability: Existing protocol identifiers typically use a fixed single-byte design, resulting in a limited instruction set space (only 256 possibilities), making it difficult to adapt to the rapid iteration needs of IoT device functions. Adding new functions requires redefining the frame structure or adding dedicated command codes, making it difficult to adapt to product series development.
[0005] 3. Low transmission efficiency: The command combination is not flexible, and multiple communication interactions are required for multi-parameter operations, resulting in poor real-time performance.
[0006] 4. Rigid structure: Most protocols use fields in a fixed order (such as frame header, address, function code, data, checksum, etc.), which cannot support the concurrent execution of multiple commands.
[0007] 5. Difficult and complex debugging: Traditional protocols use fixed function codes and linear parameter arrangements, lacking a unified identification code classification system. Different types of data (such as real-time data and alarm data) are mixed, increasing the difficulty of debugging and the time required for error troubleshooting. Data fields lack clear type identifiers, requiring reliance on documentation for parsing, resulting in low efficiency for on-site debugging.
[0008] 6. Poor compatibility: Most protocol frame headers lack a complete manufacturer and product self-identification mechanism, which leads to the need to develop different client software or supporting software for different product series. Multiple product lines require the development of different supporting software, increasing development and maintenance costs.
[0009] 7. Lack of device identification mechanism: Device serial numbers and manufacturer information are often managed independently, making it difficult to achieve automatic identification and accurate cloud management.
[0010] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a communication frame structure scheme that is clear, easy to identify, efficient to process, and has good scalability. Summary of the Invention
[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide a modular communication system and method that is structurally clear, freely combinable, efficient in processing, easy to expand, and supports automatic identification, thereby addressing the deficiencies in the prior art.
[0012] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows: a modular communication system based on identifiable codes is applied between a communication module containing a battery meter / BMS (Battery Management System) and a receiving end of an on-board controller, wherein the communication module includes a memory and the communication frame consists of a frame header and at least one 4-byte basic unit;
[0013] The frame header contains information for device identification, and the high-order part of each 4-byte basic unit contains at least one byte of type identification code, and the low-order part contains parameter values.
[0014] The type identification code is used to identify the data type or function category of the unit, so that the receiving end can independently parse and execute the commands or parameters represented by each unit according to the identification code, and the arrangement order of each basic unit in the frame can be changed.
[0015] Furthermore, the type identification code is a single-byte or double-byte structure; when it is a single byte, the following 3 bytes are parameters; when it is a double byte, the following 2 bytes are parameters.
[0016] Furthermore, the type identification code has a preset classification prefix, wherein the identification code starting with 0xAx is used to identify real-time data, and the identification code starting with 0xCx is used to identify user information.
[0017] Furthermore, the system supports parameter querying by sending "type identification code + all F parameters" and parameter modification by sending "type identification code + specific numerical parameter".
[0018] Furthermore, the information contained in the frame header for device identification includes at least the manufacturer identification code, product model number, and product serial number.
[0019] Furthermore, the system adopts the following process:
[0020] After the receiving end correctly receives the communication frame sent by the sending end, it first returns a reception confirmation to the sending end.
[0021] After processing the commands in the communication frame, the receiving end sends a response data frame to the sending end.
[0022] After receiving the response data frame, the sending end returns a data reception confirmation receipt to the receiving end.
[0023] Furthermore, if the sending end does not receive a reception confirmation or data reception confirmation within a preset time, it will retransmit the original communication frame or response data frame.
[0024] Furthermore, the communication frame sent by the sending end includes a command-level CRC checksum generated based on the content of the frame as an information fingerprint; the received confirmation receipt and response data frame both carry the corresponding information fingerprint, which is used by the sending end to match and confirm the command and receipt.
[0025] As one aspect of the present invention, a communication method based on a modular communication frame structure with identifiable encoding is proposed and applied to the above-mentioned system. The method includes:
[0026] The sending end constructs a communication frame, which includes a frame header and at least one 4-byte basic unit, each basic unit containing a type identification code and parameter values;
[0027] The sending end sends the communication frame to the receiving end;
[0028] The receiving end receives and parses the communication frame, and performs corresponding operations according to the type identification code of each basic unit.
[0029] As another aspect of the present invention, a memory storing a computer program is proposed, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described communication method.
[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:
[0031] 1. Clear structure and easy debugging: The data type can be intuitively determined by the type identification code (such as 0xAx, 0xBx), and the problem can be quickly located without looking up a table, which greatly improves the efficiency of on-site debugging;
[0032] 2. Highly scalable: Supports single-byte and double-byte identification codes, with ample encoding space, allowing for seamless expansion of new functions without affecting the compatibility of the original protocol;
[0033] 3. High processing efficiency: Fully compatible with 32-bit processor architecture, with high memory alignment and bus utilization, and data processing speed is superior to traditional 8-bit / 16-bit segmentation protocols.
[0034] 4. High communication efficiency: Supports multiple commands / parameters to be completed in one frame, reducing the number of communication polling times, which is especially suitable for frequent interaction scenarios;
[0035] 5. Easy to use and develop: The unified "identification code + FFFF" query and "identification code + value" writing mode simplifies the upper computer programming logic;
[0036] 6. Supports automatic identification and cloud management: The frame header integrates manufacturer, model, and serial number information, helping to achieve plug-and-play devices, automatic configuration, and precise control of IoT platforms. Attached Figure Description
[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the data packet transmission sequence of the present invention.
[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the PDU command / parameter structure. Detailed Implementation
[0039] The following will refer to the appendices in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 1-2 The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described herein. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0040] like Figure 1-2 As shown, to solve the problems of the existing technology, the following technical solution is adopted:
[0041] A modular communication frame structure system based on identifiable encoding is provided for use between a communication module containing a battery meter / BMS (such as a BW-RECS data acquisition and communication module) and a receiver for an on-board controller or display screen. The communication module includes a memory (such as a 25Q128). The core of the system lies in its communication frame structure, which consists of a frame header and at least one 4-byte basic unit (PDU).
[0042] The aforementioned frame header contains information for device identification, such as manufacturer identification code, product model number, and unique product serial number (SN code), thereby enabling automatic device identification.
[0043] Each of the aforementioned 4-byte basic units contains at least one byte of type identification code (key value) in its high-order part and parameter value in its low-order part. The type identification code is used to identify the data type (such as real-time data, user information) or function category (such as modification, query) of the unit. This design allows the receiving end to independently parse and execute the commands or parameters represented by each unit based on the identification code, without needing to care about their arrangement order within the frame; that is, the arrangement order of the basic units within the frame can change while maintaining the same function.
[0044] Preferably, the type identification code can be a single byte (followed by 3 bytes of parameters) or a double byte (followed by 2 bytes of parameters), providing ample encoding space. The identification code has a preset classification prefix, such as starting with 0xAx to identify real-time data (e.g., voltage, current) and starting with 0xCx to identify user information (e.g., capacity settings), facilitating rapid classification and identification.
[0045] Preferably, the system supports a unified read / write interface: parameter query is performed by sending "type identification code + all F parameters (e.g., 0xFFFF)"; parameter modification is performed by sending "type identification code + specific numerical parameter".
[0046] To ensure reliability, the system employs a two-stage acknowledgment-based interaction process. After correctly receiving a communication frame from the sender, the receiver first returns a reception acknowledgment (ACK). If the sender does not receive this acknowledgment within a preset time, it retransmits the original communication frame. After processing the command, the receiver sends a response data frame. Upon receiving this, the sender returns a data reception acknowledgment; if the receiver does not receive this acknowledgment, it retransmits the response data frame.
[0047] To support high-concurrency, non-blocking communication requirements, the communication frames sent by the sending end include a command-level CRC checksum generated based on the frame content as an information fingerprint. This fingerprint is also carried in all receipt frames, enabling the sending end to match commands with receipts and implement command pipelined processing.
[0048] The present invention also provides a communication method based on the above system, and a memory (such as 25Q128) storing a computer program implementing the method.
[0049] The following example uses the communication between the BW-RECS acquisition and communication module and the vehicle display screen. The module's memory 25Q128 stores the firmware program that implements this protocol.
[0050] Application Example 1 - Querying Battery Voltage:
[0051] The vehicle display screen sends a query frame (frame header omitted): [0xC1C1FFFF];
[0052] Meaning: Query full capacity voltage (double key value 0xC1C1 + query parameter 0xFFFF).
[0053] The RECS module returns a response frame (frame header omitted): [0xC1C11234];
[0054] Meaning: The full-capacity voltage value is 46.60V.
[0055] Application Example 2 - Modifying Parameters and Enabling Real-Time Data Transmission (Multiple Command Combinations):
[0056] The vehicle display screen sends command frames: [0xC1C103E8] and [0xD0055202];
[0057] Meaning: The first PDU 0xC1C103E8 indicates that the full-capacity voltage has been modified to 1000 (10.00V); the second PDU 0xD0055202 is a four-key value command, indicating that real-time data transmission is enabled.
[0058] After processing the commands sequentially, the RECS module returns a successful receipt.
[0059] Application Example 3 - High Reliability Communication Process:
[0060] A. The vehicle display screen sends a command frame containing a CRC information fingerprint;
[0061] B. After receiving the frame, the RECS module verifies that it is correct and immediately returns a receive acknowledgment (ACK) containing the same CRC fingerprint.
[0062] C. Module processing commands;
[0063] D. After processing, the module sends a response data frame, which also contains the CRC fingerprint of the command;
[0064] E. After receiving the response data frame, the vehicle display screen verifies that there are no errors and returns a data reception confirmation receipt.
[0065] F. If no receipt is received within any step of the process, the sender will automatically retransmit.
[0066] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "front," and "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. In this invention, it should also be noted that the terms "installation" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integrally formed connection, a mechanical connection, or an indirect connection through intermediate connecting parts. The specific meaning of the terms in this utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0067] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.
[0068] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. A modular communication system based on recognizable codes, characterized in that, The communication module, which includes a battery meter / BMS, is used between a receiver and a vehicle controller. The communication module includes a memory, and the communication frame consists of a frame header and at least one 4-byte basic unit. The frame header contains information for device identification, and the high-order part of each 4-byte basic unit contains at least one byte of type identification code, and the low-order part contains parameter values. The type identification code is used to identify the data type or function category of the unit, so that the receiving end can independently parse and execute the commands or parameters represented by each unit according to the identification code, and the arrangement order of each basic unit in the frame can be changed.
2. The modular communication system based on identifiable codes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The type identification code is a single-byte or double-byte structure; when it is a single-byte structure, the following 3 bytes are parameters; when it is a double-byte structure, the following 2 bytes are parameters.
3. A modular communication system based on identifiable codes according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The type identification code has a preset classification prefix, wherein the identification code starting with 0xAx is used to identify real-time data, and the identification code starting with 0xCx is used to identify user information.
4. A modular communication system based on identifiable codes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system supports parameter querying by sending "type identification code + all F parameters" and parameter modification by sending "type identification code + specific numerical parameter".
5. A modular communication system based on identifiable codes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The information contained in the frame header for device identification includes at least the manufacturer identification code, product model number, and product serial number.
6. A modular communication system based on recognizable codes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system adopts the following process: After the receiving end correctly receives the communication frame sent by the sending end, it first returns a reception confirmation to the sending end. After processing the commands in the communication frame, the receiving end sends a response data frame to the sending end. After receiving the response data frame, the sending end returns a data reception confirmation receipt to the receiving end.
7. A modular communication system based on recognizable codes according to claim 6, characterized in that, If the sending end does not receive a reception confirmation or data reception confirmation within a preset time, it will retransmit the original communication frame or response data frame.
8. A modular communication system based on identifiable codes according to claim 6, characterized in that, The communication frame sent by the sending end contains a command-level CRC checksum generated based on the content of the frame as an information fingerprint; Both the received confirmation receipt and the response data frame carry the corresponding information fingerprint, which is used by the sending end to match and confirm the command and the receipt.
9. A communication method based on a modular communication frame structure with recognizable encoding, characterized in that, Applied to the system as described in any one of claims 1-8, the method comprises: The sending end constructs a communication frame, which includes a frame header and at least one 4-byte basic unit, each basic unit containing a type identification code and parameter values; The sending end sends the communication frame to the receiving end; The receiving end receives and parses the communication frame, and performs corresponding operations according to the type identification code of each basic unit.
10. A memory storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the communication method as described in claim 9.