Silage corn daily ration regulation and control method for improving feed conversion rate of middle-yield dairy cows
By precisely selecting and optimizing the fermentation process of silage corn raw materials, adding compound microbial strains and enzyme preparations, and scientifically formulating the diet, the problem of low feed conversion rate of medium-yielding dairy cows has been solved, thereby improving the nutritional value of feed and increasing the milk production of dairy cows.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-07
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
The feed conversion efficiency of middle-yield dairy cows is low. Traditional silage fermentation processes are simple, resulting in low microbial conversion efficiency. The nutritional value of the feed is not fully explored, and there is a lack of precise regulation targeting the nutritional needs of middle-yield dairy cows. This leads to insufficient feed digestibility and absorption, and the milk yield and quality of dairy cows have not been effectively improved.
By precisely selecting silage corn raw materials, optimizing the fermentation process, adding compound microbial strains and enzyme preparations, scientifically formulating the daily diet, and adopting a feeding method of roughage first and then concentrate, we ensure that dairy cows receive balanced nutrition.
It significantly improves the nutritional value and fermentation quality of silage, increases feed conversion rate, reduces breeding costs, and improves milk production and quality in dairy cows.
Smart Images
Figure CN121795391A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a method for regulating silage corn diets to improve feed conversion rate in middle-yielding dairy cows, belonging to the field of dairy farming technology. Background Technology
[0002] With the expanding dairy market, dairy farming has developed rapidly. Medium-yielding dairy cows (daily milk production of 25-40 kg) constitute a large proportion of the herd, and their farming efficiency directly impacts the overall development of the dairy industry. Silage corn is an important source of roughage in dairy cow diets, and its quality and utilization efficiency directly affect the cows' production performance and farming profitability. Medium-yielding dairy cows are in their peak milk production period and have high nutritional requirements, but improving feed conversion efficiency often encounters bottlenecks.
[0003] Existing feed formulations often use a high proportion of imported high-quality roughage such as alfalfa and oat hay, leading to high feed costs. Meanwhile, traditional silage fermentation processes are simple, resulting in low microbial conversion efficiency, insufficient exploitation of nutritional value, and a lack of precise control over the nutritional needs of middle-yielding dairy cows. This results in inadequate feed digestibility and absorption, further reducing feed conversion rates and often failing to effectively improve milk yield and quality. Therefore, this invention provides a method for regulating corn silage diets to improve feed conversion rates in middle-yielding dairy cows. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for regulating silage corn diets to improve feed conversion rate in middle-yielding dairy cows. By accurately selecting silage corn raw materials, optimizing fermentation process, accurately formulating diet and scientifically regulating feeding, the nutritional value and fermentation quality of silage feed are significantly improved, resulting in a significant increase in feed conversion rate, while reducing breeding costs and increasing milk production and milk quality in dairy cows.
[0005] This invention provides a method for regulating silage corn diets to improve feed conversion ratio in middle-yielding dairy cows. The proposed technical solution includes the following steps: S1: Screening and pretreatment of silage corn raw materials: Select whole-plant corn with dry matter content ≥30% and starch content ≥30% as silage raw materials, crush them to a particle size of 1-3cm, and set aside for later use; S2: Fermentation process optimization: Add compound microbial strains to the pretreated silage corn raw material, control the fermentation environment temperature and humidity, seal the fermentation time, maintain an anaerobic environment during fermentation, and obtain high-quality silage corn; wherein, the lactic acid content of the silage corn at the end of fermentation is ≥6%; S3: Diet formulation: By weight percentage, mix 60-70% of the high-quality silage corn obtained in step 2, 10-15% of soybean meal, 8-12% of wheat bran, 3-5% of premix, 0.1-0.3% of enzyme preparation, and 0.05-0.1% of probiotics evenly to obtain the required silage corn diet. S4: Feeding regulation: Select medium-yielding dairy cows with a daily milk production of 25-40kg and feed them twice a day, morning and evening. When feeding, adopt the method of feeding roughage first and then concentrate. First feed them silage corn rations, and then supplement them with a small amount of concentrate supplements to ensure that the dairy cows have free access to water.
[0006] Furthermore, in step S1, the whole corn plant is harvested from the late milk stage to the early waxy stage.
[0007] Furthermore, in step S2, the composite microbial strain is composed of lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a mass ratio of 3-5:1, and the amount added is 0.05-0.1% of the mass of the silage corn raw material.
[0008] Furthermore, in step S2, the temperature of the fermentation environment is 25-30℃, the humidity of the fermentation environment is 60-70%, and the number of days for sealed fermentation in the fermentation environment is 25-35 days.
[0009] Furthermore, in step S2, the fermentation process adopts a layer-by-layer compaction and sealing method, with compaction performed every 30-50cm of filling thickness to remove air from the material pile.
[0010] Furthermore, in step S3, the enzyme preparation is a compound enzyme composed of cellulase and amylase in a mass ratio of 2:1, and the probiotic is a compound probiotic composed of Bifidobacterium and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:2.
[0011] Furthermore, in step S3, the premix includes calcium, phosphorus, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, and trace elements, wherein the calcium content is 8-12% of the premix mass, the phosphorus content is 4-6%, the vitamin A content is ≥50000 IU / kg, the vitamin D3 content is ≥10000 IU / kg, and the vitamin E content is ≥200 IU / kg.
[0012] Furthermore, in step S4, the amount of concentrate supplement added does not exceed 10% of the total daily feed intake, in order to avoid digestive disorders in dairy cows due to excessive concentrate intake.
[0013] Furthermore, in step S4, the daily feed amount is calculated as 2.5%-3.0% of the cow's body weight.
[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention significantly improves the nutritional value and fermentation quality of silage by precisely selecting silage corn raw materials and optimizing the fermentation process, laying the foundation for improving feed conversion rate. The diet formula scientifically proportions high-quality silage corn, soybean meal, wheat bran and other raw materials, and adds compound enzyme preparations and probiotics to achieve a balanced supply of nutrients, which significantly improves feed conversion rate. The use of high-quality silage corn to replace some of the expensive imported alfalfa and oat hay reduces feed costs. At the same time, through scientific feeding regulation, it ensures a balanced intake of nutrients for dairy cows, which not only improves feed conversion rate, but also increases milk production and milk quality. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for regulating silage corn diets to improve feed conversion rate in middle-yielding dairy cows, according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0016] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail.
[0017] This invention provides a method for regulating silage corn diets to improve feed conversion ratio in middle-yielding dairy cows, comprising four steps: screening and pretreatment of silage corn raw materials, optimization of fermentation process, formulation of diet and feeding regulation, as detailed below: S1: Screening and pretreatment of corn raw materials for silage: Select whole-plant corn with a dry matter content of ≥30% and a starch content of ≥30% as silage raw materials. Whole-plant corn at this stage is harvested from the late milk stage to the early waxy stage. At this time, the nutritional components of corn are most balanced, and the starch content and dry matter content can meet the subsequent fermentation and dairy cow nutritional needs. After harvesting, the whole-plant corn is crushed to a particle size of 1-3cm. The crushed raw material is conducive to compaction and sealing, reducing air residue during fermentation, and increasing the contact area between feed and dairy cow digestive juices, thereby improving digestibility and absorption rate. S2: Fermentation process optimization: Add a compound microbial strain to the pretreated silage corn raw material. The compound microbial strain consists of lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a mass ratio of 3-5:1. Lactic acid bacteria can promote the production of lactic acid in silage, reduce the pH value of the feed, inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms, and improve the fermentation quality. Yeast can decompose complex carbohydrates such as cellulose in the raw material to generate easily digestible nutrients and improve the nutritional value of the feed. The amount of compound microbial strain added is 0.05-0.1% of the mass of the silage corn raw material, and it should be thoroughly mixed after addition. The fermentation environment is controlled at a temperature of 25-30℃ and a humidity of 60-70%. Fermentation is carried out by layer-by-layer compaction and sealing. The material is compacted every 30-50cm of thickness to remove air from the pile. An anaerobic environment is maintained during the fermentation process. The sealed fermentation period is 25-35 days. At the end of fermentation, the lactic acid content of the silage corn is ≥6%, the dry matter content is ≥30%, and the starch content is ≥30%, ensuring excellent quality of silage and obtaining high-quality silage corn. S3: Diet Formulation: By weight percentage, mix 60-70% of the high-quality silage corn obtained in step 2, 10-15% of soybean meal, 8-12% of wheat bran, 3-5% of premix, 0.1-0.3% of enzyme preparation, and 0.05-0.1% of probiotics evenly to obtain the required silage corn diet. The enzyme preparation is a compound enzyme composed of cellulase and amylase in a mass ratio of 2:1. Cellulase can decompose cellulose in feed, and amylase promotes the digestion and absorption of starch. The probiotics are a compound probiotic composed of Bifidobacterium and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:2, which can regulate the balance of intestinal flora in dairy cows and improve intestinal digestive function. The premix includes calcium, phosphorus, vitamin A, vitamin D3, and vitamin E. And trace elements, including calcium content of 8-12% of the premix weight, phosphorus content of 4-6%, vitamin A content ≥50000 IU / kg, vitamin D3 content ≥10000 IU / kg, and vitamin E content ≥200 IU / kg, to ensure a balanced intake of minerals and vitamins for dairy cows; S4: Feeding Regulation: The prepared silage corn diet is used for medium-yielding dairy cows with a daily milk production of 25-40kg. It is fed twice a day, morning and evening. The daily feed amount is calculated as 2.5%-3.0% of the cow's body weight. When feeding, the roughage is fed first and then the concentrate is fed. The silage corn diet is fed first, and then a small amount of concentrate supplement is added. The amount of concentrate supplement added should not exceed 10% of the total daily feed to avoid digestive disorders caused by excessive concentrate intake. At the same time, ensure that the dairy cows have free access to water to maintain normal metabolism and digestive function.
[0018] As an optional embodiment 1 A method for regulating silage corn diets to improve feed conversion ratio in middle-producing dairy cows includes the following steps: 1. Screening and pretreatment of silage corn raw materials: Select whole-plant corn harvested from the late milk stage to the early waxy stage, test its dry matter content to be 32% and starch content to be 31%, and crush it to a particle size of 1-2cm. 2. Fermentation process optimization: Add a compound microbial strain (lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a 3:1 mass ratio) to the crushed silage corn raw material at a rate of 0.05% of the raw material mass, and mix thoroughly. Pack the raw material into the silage pit, compacting it every 30cm thickness. After sealing, control the fermentation environment temperature at 25-27℃ and humidity at 60-65%, and ferment for 25 days. At the end of fermentation, the lactic acid content was measured to be 6.2%. 3. Diet formulation: By weight percentage, take 60% high-quality silage corn, 15% soybean meal, 12% wheat bran, 5% premix, 0.1% compound enzyme preparation (cellulase and amylase in a mass ratio of 2:1), and 0.05% compound probiotics (Bifidobacterium and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:2), and mix them evenly; the premix contains 10% calcium, 5% phosphorus, 60,000 IU / kg vitamin A, 12,000 IU / kg vitamin D3, and 250 IU / kg vitamin E. 4. Feeding regulation: Select medium-yielding dairy cows with a daily milk production of 25-40kg. The daily feed amount is calculated as 2.5% of the cow's body weight and is divided into two feedings, one in the morning and one in the evening. First, feed the cow silage corn ration, and then supplement with a small amount of concentrate supplement (8% of the total daily feed). Ensure that the cows have free access to water.
[0019] Experiments showed that after feeding medium-yielding dairy cows with the method described in this embodiment for 3 months, the feed conversion rate increased by 18% compared with the traditional diet, the feed cost decreased by 12%, the average daily milk production of dairy cows increased by 1.8 kg, and the milk protein content increased by 0.2 percentage points.
[0020] Optional Embodiment 2 A method for regulating silage corn diets to improve feed conversion ratio in middle-producing dairy cows includes the following steps: 1. Screening and pretreatment of silage corn raw materials: Select whole-plant corn harvested from the late milk stage to the early waxy stage, test its dry matter content to be 33% and starch content to be 32%, and crush it to a particle size of 2-3cm; 2. Fermentation process optimization: Add a compound microbial strain (lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a mass ratio of 4:1) to the crushed silage corn raw material at a rate of 0.08% of the raw material mass, and mix thoroughly. Pack the raw material into the silage pit, compacting it every 40cm of filling. After sealing, control the fermentation environment temperature at 27-29℃ and humidity at 65-68%, and ferment for 30 days. At the end of fermentation, the lactic acid content was measured to be 6.5%. 3. Diet formulation: By weight percentage, take 65% high-quality silage corn, 12% soybean meal, 10% wheat bran, 4% premix, 0.2% compound enzyme preparation (cellulase and amylase in a mass ratio of 2:1), and 0.08% compound probiotics (Bifidobacterium and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:2), and mix them evenly; the premix contains 11% calcium, 5.5% phosphorus, 70,000 IU / kg vitamin A, 15,000 IU / kg vitamin D3, and 300 IU / kg vitamin E. 4. Feeding regulation: Select medium-yielding dairy cows with a daily milk production of 25-40kg. The daily feed amount is calculated as 2.8% of the cow's body weight and is divided into two feedings, one in the morning and one in the evening. First, feed the cow silage corn ration, and then supplement with a small amount of concentrate supplement (the amount of supplement is 9% of the total daily feed). Ensure that the cows have free access to water.
[0021] Experiments showed that after feeding medium-yielding dairy cows with the method described in this embodiment for 3 months, the feed conversion rate increased by 20% compared with the traditional diet, the feed cost decreased by 13%, the average daily milk production of dairy cows increased by 2.1 kg, and the milk fat content increased by 0.18 percentage points.
[0022] As an optional embodiment 3 A method for regulating silage corn diets to improve feed conversion ratio in middle-producing dairy cows includes the following steps: 1. Screening and pretreatment of silage corn raw materials: Select whole-plant corn harvested from the late milk stage to the early waxy stage, test its dry matter content to be 35% and starch content to be 33%, and crush it to a particle size of 1-3cm. 2. Fermentation process optimization: Add a compound microbial strain (lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a mass ratio of 5:1) to the crushed silage corn raw material at a rate of 0.1% of the raw material mass, and mix thoroughly. Pack the raw material into the silage pit, compacting it every 50cm of filling. After sealing, control the fermentation environment temperature at 29-30℃ and humidity at 68-70%, and ferment for 35 days. At the end of fermentation, the lactic acid content was measured to be 6.8%. 3. Diet formulation: By weight percentage, take 70% high-quality silage corn, 10% soybean meal, 8% wheat bran, 3% premix, 0.3% compound enzyme preparation (cellulase and amylase in a mass ratio of 2:1), and 0.1% compound probiotics (Bifidobacterium and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:2), and mix them evenly; the premix contains 12% calcium, 6% phosphorus, 80,000 IU / kg vitamin A, 18,000 IU / kg vitamin D3, and 350 IU / kg vitamin E; 4. Feeding regulation: Select medium-yielding dairy cows with a daily milk production of 25-40kg. The daily feed amount is calculated as 3.0% of the cow's body weight and is divided into two feedings, one in the morning and one in the evening. First, feed the cow silage corn diet, and then supplement with a small amount of concentrate supplement (10% of the total daily feed). Ensure that the cows have free access to water.
[0023] Experiments showed that after feeding medium-yielding dairy cows with the method described in this embodiment for 3 months, the feed conversion rate increased by 22% compared to the traditional diet, the feed cost decreased by 15%, the average daily milk production of dairy cows increased by 2.3 kg, and the lactose content increased by 0.15 percentage points.
[0024] In summary, this invention, through precise selection of silage corn raw materials and optimization of fermentation processes, and the use of compound microbial strains to regulate the fermentation process, ensures that the lactic acid content of the silage is ≥6%, and the dry matter and starch content are both ≥30%, significantly improving the nutritional value and fermentation quality of the silage and laying the foundation for improving feed conversion rate. The diet formula scientifically proportions high-quality silage corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, and other raw materials, and adds compound enzymes and probiotics, achieving a balanced supply of nutrients. The compound enzymes promote the decomposition of nutrients such as cellulose and starch in the feed, while the probiotics regulate the balance of the dairy cow's intestinal flora. The synergistic effect of these two factors effectively improves the absorption rate of feed nutrients, significantly enhancing feed conversion rate. Furthermore, this invention uses high-quality silage corn to replace some of the expensive imported alfalfa and oat hay, reducing feed costs. Simultaneously, through scientific feeding regulation, it ensures a balanced nutritional intake for dairy cows, not only improving feed conversion rate but also increasing milk production and milk quality, significantly enhancing the economic benefits of dairy farming. The method of this invention is simple to operate and highly practical, making it suitable for widespread application in the breeding of medium-yield dairy cows. It is of great significance for promoting cost reduction, efficiency improvement, and sustainable development in the dairy industry.
[0025] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for regulating silage corn diets to improve feed conversion ratio in middle-producing dairy cows, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Screening and pretreatment of silage corn raw materials: Select whole-plant corn with dry matter content ≥30% and starch content ≥30% as silage raw materials, crush them to a particle size of 1-3cm, and set aside for later use; S2: Fermentation process optimization: Add compound microbial strains to the pretreated silage corn raw material, control the fermentation environment temperature and humidity, seal the fermentation time, maintain an anaerobic environment during fermentation, and obtain high-quality silage corn; wherein, the lactic acid content of the silage corn at the end of fermentation is ≥6%; S3: Diet formulation: By weight percentage, mix 60-70% of the high-quality silage corn obtained in step 2, 10-15% of soybean meal, 8-12% of wheat bran, 3-5% of premix, 0.1-0.3% of enzyme preparation, and 0.05-0.1% of probiotics evenly to obtain the required silage corn diet. S4: Feeding regulation: Select medium-yielding dairy cows with a daily milk production of 25-40kg and feed them twice a day, morning and evening. When feeding, adopt the method of feeding roughage first and then concentrate. First feed them silage corn rations, and then supplement them with a small amount of concentrate supplements to ensure that the dairy cows have free access to water.
2. The method for regulating silage corn diets to improve feed conversion ratio in middle-yielding dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the whole corn plant is harvested from the late milk stage to the early waxy stage.
3. The method for regulating silage corn diets to improve feed conversion ratio in middle-yielding dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the composite microbial strain is composed of lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a mass ratio of 3-5:1, and the amount added is 0.05-0.1% of the mass of the silage corn raw material.
4. The method for regulating silage corn diets to improve feed conversion ratio in middle-yielding dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the temperature of the fermentation environment is 25-30℃, the humidity of the fermentation environment is 60-70%, and the number of days of sealed fermentation in the fermentation environment is 25-35 days.
5. The method for regulating silage corn diets to improve feed conversion ratio in middle-yielding dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the fermentation process adopts a layer-by-layer compaction and sealing method, with compaction performed every 30-50cm of filling to remove air from the material pile.
6. The method for regulating silage corn diets to improve feed conversion ratio in middle-yielding dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the enzyme preparation is a compound enzyme composed of cellulase and amylase in a mass ratio of 2:1, and the probiotic is a compound probiotic composed of Bifidobacterium and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:
2.
7. The method for regulating silage corn diets to improve feed conversion ratio in middle-yielding dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the premix includes calcium, phosphorus, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, and trace elements, wherein the calcium content is 8-12% of the premix mass, the phosphorus content is 4-6%, the vitamin A content is ≥50000 IU / kg, the vitamin D3 content is ≥10000 IU / kg, and the vitamin E content is ≥200 IU / kg.
8. The method for regulating silage corn diets to improve feed conversion ratio in middle-yielding dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the amount of concentrate supplement added does not exceed 10% of the total daily feed intake, in order to avoid digestive disorders in dairy cows due to excessive concentrate intake.
9. The method for regulating silage corn diets to improve feed conversion ratio in middle-yielding dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the daily feed amount is calculated as 2.5%-3.0% of the cow's body weight.