Unmanned aerial vehicle for air quality detection

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of environment detection, and discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle for air quality detection, the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle body, the top of the unmanned aerial vehicle body is provided with a liftable sampling head; the air collector is communicated with the sampling head and comprises a hollow pipe and a second collecting cylinder communicated with the hollow pipe, and the second collecting cylinder is sleeved with a first collecting cylinder; a vibration assembly is arranged between the sampling head and the first collecting cylinder, and the first collecting cylinder can be knocked by the vibration assembly in the lifting process of the sampling head. Through the innovation of a pure mechanical structure, the air inlet can be lifted to a position above a turbulent flow area of the rotor wing by utilizing the liftable sampling rod at the top, so that an unpolluted air sample is collected, the core target of collecting a high-fidelity air sample in a high-vibration and strong-airflow environment is realized, and a reliable data basis is provided for environment monitoring.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of environmental detection, in particular to a kind of unmanned aerial vehicle for air quality detection. BACKGROUND

[0002] Air quality detection refers to detecting the quality of air. The quality of air reflects the concentration of pollutants in the air. Air pollution is a complex phenomenon, and the concentration of air pollutants at a specific time and place is affected by many factors. Human pollutant emissions from fixed and mobile pollution sources are one of the main factors affecting air quality.

[0003] The environmental management real-time feedback device with publication number "CN108974376A" discloses an environmental management real-time feedback device, which includes a quadcopter, an air detection device, a power device, and a control module. The underside of the quadcopter body is equipped with an infrared detector. The top of the air detection device is equipped with an infrared emitter corresponding to the infrared detector. Through the application of infrared detectors and infrared emitters, and Beidou navigation, the quadcopter and the air detection device can be used together. The power device fixedly connected to the air detection device can move within a certain range. The air detection device can be centrally allocated according to demand, solving the technical problems of small detection range and high cost of traditional fixed air detection devices.

[0004] However, the existing technology and the above-mentioned technology still have the following defects:

[0005] 1. The traditional unmanned aerial vehicle carries sensors only for simple external structure mounting, which is easily affected by rotor airflow during sampling, resulting in distorted data.

[0006] 2. The sampling head for collecting air is prone to attach impurities and particles in the air during long-term use, causing the classification screen hole to be blocked, affecting the classification collection effect, and thus there is a risk of inaccurate detection data. SUMMARY

[0007] The present application provides an unmanned aerial vehicle for air quality detection, which solves the problem of inaccurate detection data caused by the traditional unmanned aerial vehicle carrying sensors only for simple external structure mounting, which is easily affected by rotor airflow during sampling, resulting in distorted data. The sampling head for collecting air is prone to attach impurities and particles in the air during long-term use, causing the classification screen hole to be blocked, affecting the classification collection effect, and thus there is a risk of inaccurate detection data.

[0008] The application provides the following technical scheme: a kind of unmanned plane for air quality detection, including unmanned plane body, the top of the unmanned plane body is provided with the sampling head that can be lifted;Further including and the air collector that sampling head communicates, the air collector includes hollow tube and the second collection cylinder that communicates with hollow tube, the first collection cylinder is sleeved outside the second collection cylinder, the communication position of the hollow tube and the first collection cylinder is provided with filter screen, and the second collection cylinder is opened in the mesh hole;The vibration component is arranged between the sampling head and the first collection cylinder, and the vibration component can knock the first collection cylinder during the process that the sampling head is lifted.

[0009] As an optional scheme of the unmanned plane for air quality detection, a bracket is fixedly installed on the unmanned plane body, an electric sliding table is installed on one side of the bracket, a mounting ring is fixed on the sliding block of the electric sliding table, and the sampling head is arranged in the mounting ring.

[0010] As an optional scheme of the unmanned plane for air quality detection, the sampling head includes three groups of Venturi tubes and a tee that communicates the three groups of Venturi tubes, and the tee communicates the hollow tube through a communicating hose.

[0011] As an optional scheme of the unmanned plane for air quality detection, the hollow tube is arranged on the top of the unmanned plane body, a transmission shaft is electrically connected in the unmanned plane body, a second gear is installed at the top end of the transmission shaft, a fixing sleeve is rotatably sleeved outside the hollow tube, the fixing sleeve is connected to the bottom of the first collection cylinder, a first gear is installed outside the fixing sleeve, the first gear is engaged with the second gear, and a first sensor is communicated outside the hollow tube.

[0012] As an optional scheme of the unmanned plane for air quality detection, the vibration component includes a knocking rod elastically connected to one side of the mounting ring, a connecting sleeve is connected to one side of the mounting ring, one end of the knocking rod is slidably connected in the connecting sleeve, a second guide rod is connected to one end of the knocking rod in the connecting sleeve, a positioning plate is installed in the connecting sleeve, the second guide rod is slidably connected in the positioning plate, a third spring is connected between the positioning plate and the knocking rod, and one end of the knocking rod, away from the connecting sleeve, is arranged outside the first collection cylinder.

[0013] As an optional scheme of the unmanned plane for air quality detection, a guard plate is connected to one side of the first collection cylinder, convex balls are equidistantly arranged on the surface of the guard plate, one end of the knocking rod is arranged on the surface of the guard plate, and a second sensor is communicated with the pipe on one side of the outer wall of the first collection cylinder.

[0014] As an optional scheme of the unmanned aerial vehicle for air quality detection, the second collecting cylinder is symmetrically provided with an elastic connecting assembly at the top, the elastic connecting assembly comprises connecting plates connected to two sides of the second collecting cylinder, the bottom surface of the connecting plate is connected with a first guide rod, the first guide rod is slidingly connected to the top of the first collecting cylinder, the first spring is connected between the connecting plate and the second collecting cylinder, and the third sensor is communicated with the top of the second collecting cylinder.

[0015] As an optional scheme of the unmanned aerial vehicle for air quality detection, the jacking assembly is arranged between the adjacent convex balls, the jacking assembly comprises a sliding rod sequentially penetrating the guard plate and the first collecting cylinder, the sliding rod and the first collecting cylinder are elastically and slidingly connected, the second fixed block is connected to one end of the sliding rod, the first fixed block is connected to the outer wall of the second collecting cylinder, the first fixed block and the second fixed block are both provided with inclined surfaces, and the two groups of inclined surfaces are abuttingly connected.

[0016] As an optional scheme of the unmanned aerial vehicle for air quality detection, the ball head is connected to one end of the sliding rod located outside the first collecting cylinder, the limiting plate is connected to the other end of the sliding rod located inside the first collecting cylinder, and the second spring is connected between the limiting plate and the inner wall of the first collecting cylinder.

[0017] As an optional scheme of the unmanned aerial vehicle for air quality detection, the connecting sleeve is connected to the top of the second collecting cylinder, the through hole is formed in the connecting sleeve, the connecting rod is connected to the bottom of the connecting sleeve, and the blade is connected to the bottom end of the connecting rod.

[0018] The present application has the following advantages:

[0019] 1. The unmanned aerial vehicle for air quality detection is provided with the support and the electric sliding table mounted on one side of the support, the sampling head is connected with the electric sliding table through the mounting ring, when the unmanned aerial vehicle needs to detect air quality at different heights, the driving motor of the electric sliding table drives the sliding block to move up and down along the sliding rail, and then drives the sampling head to synchronously ascend and descend through the mounting ring.

[0020] 2. The unmanned aerial vehicle for air quality detection is provided with the air collector, the first sensor is communicated with the outside of the hollow pipe, the second sensor is communicated with one side of the first collecting cylinder, and the third sensor is communicated with the top of the second collecting cylinder, so that PM2.5, PM10 and the like can be collected in stages after the air is filtered through the filter screen and the sieve hole.

[0021] 3. The unmanned aerial vehicle for air quality detection, by setting the vibration assembly, the knocking rod always keeps the pretightening force in the direction of the first collecting cylinder. When the sampling head is in the lifting process, the free end of the knocking rod slides along the surface of the guard plate, the convex ball extrudes the knocking rod to compress the third spring to accumulate force, the vibration energy is transmitted to the surface of the filter screen through the cylinder wall, the adhered dust particles are shaken off, and the air resistance is prevented from increasing due to the blockage of the filter screen after long-time sampling.

[0022] 4. The unmanned aerial vehicle for air quality detection, by setting the vibration assembly, the knocking rod always keeps the pretightening force in the direction of the first collecting cylinder. When the sampling head is in the lifting process, the free end of the knocking rod slides along the surface of the guard plate, the convex ball extrudes the knocking rod to compress the third spring to accumulate force, the vibration energy is transmitted to the surface of the filter screen through the cylinder wall, the adhered dust particles are shaken off, and the air resistance is prevented from increasing due to the blockage of the filter screen after long-time sampling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a front view of the structure of the application.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a rear view of the structure of the application.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a side view of the air collector of the application.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a front view of the air collector of the application. Figure 3 It is an enlarged view of the structure at A of the application.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a front view of the air collector of the application. Figure 3 It is an enlarged view of the structure at B of the application.

[0028] Figure 6 It is a front view of the air collector of the application.

[0029] Figure 7 It is a front view of the air collector of the application.

[0030] Figure 8 It is a front view of the air collector of the application.

[0031] In the figure: 1, unmanned aerial vehicle body; 2, sampling head; 3, support; 4, electric sliding table; 5, mounting ring; 6, first collecting cylinder; 7, communication hose; 8, hollow tube; 9, second collecting cylinder; 10, first sensor; 11, second sensor; 12, third sensor; 13, connecting plate; 14, first spring; 15, first guide rod; 16, connecting sleeve; 17, connecting rod; 18, blade; 19, through hole; 20, filter screen; 21, first gear; 22, second gear; 23, transmission shaft; 24, guard plate; 25, convex ball; 26, ball head; 27, fixing sleeve; 28, first fixing block; 29, second fixing block; 30, sliding rod; 31, second spring; 32, limiting plate; 33, knocking rod; 34, connecting sleeve; 35, third spring; 36, second guide rod; 37, positioning plate; 38, screen hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0033] Embodiment one, please refer to Figures 1 to 8 The present application discloses a kind of unmanned aerial vehicle for air quality detection, including unmanned aerial vehicle body 1, unmanned aerial vehicle body 1 top is provided with the sampling head 2 of can lift, sampling head 2 includes three groups venturi and the three-way of communication three groups venturi, three-way is connected by communication hose 7 and hollow tube 8.

[0034] In the embodiment, sampling head 2 is installed on unmanned aerial vehicle body 1, sampling head 2 is set to three groups venturi structure, can utilize venturi effect to improve air sampling efficiency.When unmanned aerial vehicle flies in detection area, external air enters venturi after, in its contraction section flow rate increases, pressure reduces, to generate stronger suction effect, can quickly suck surrounding air into sampling head 2.Three groups venturi are summarized after three-way, and the air collected is transported to hollow tube 8 by communication hose 7, and then enters air collector to carry out subsequent processing and detection, set "venturi" structure utilizes fluid mechanics principle, without electronic pump can provide stable flow rate of measured gas for sensor under specific flight speed, greatly reduce system power consumption and weight.

[0035] The design of this multi-venturi pipe combination effectively improves the air sampling amount per unit time, ensures that the detection data is more representative. At the same time, the setting of communication hose 7 enables sampling head 2 to flexibly adjust the position during lifting and lowering, avoids pulling or hindering the air conveying path, and ensures the continuity and stability of the sampling process.

[0036] The bracket 3 is fixedly installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle body 1, and the electric sliding table 4 is installed on one side of the bracket 3.

[0037] In the embodiment, the bracket 3 is arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle body 1, and the electric sliding table 4 is arranged on one side of the bracket 3. The sliding block of the electric sliding table 4 is fixedly connected with the mounting ring 5, and the sampling head 2 is assembled with the electric sliding table 4 through the mounting ring 5. When the unmanned aerial vehicle needs to detect air quality at different heights, the driving motor of the electric sliding table 4 drives the sliding block to move up and down along the sliding rail, and then drives the sampling head 2 to synchronously ascend and descend through the mounting ring 5.

[0038] The structure design makes the sampling head 2 be able to be flexibly adjusted to a preset detection height. For example, in the urban building group, the sampling head 2 can be lowered to the near-ground layer to detect automobile exhaust pollution, and in the open area, the sampling head 2 can be raised to the height of hundreds of meters to monitor the diffusion of atmospheric boundary layer pollutants, thereby effectively avoiding the detection range limitation problem caused by the traditional fixed sampling position.

[0039] The mounting ring 5 forms a stable ring-shaped fixing for the sampling head 2, and cooperates with the rubber buffer pad arranged on the inner side, so as to not only ensure that the sampling head 2 does not shake and deviate during the flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle, but also absorb high-frequency vibration generated during the flight, prevent the vibration from being transmitted to the Venturi tube to affect the stability of the airflow, and protect the sampling accuracy.

[0040] In the embodiment, the bracket 3 is fixedly installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle body 1, and the electric sliding table 4 is installed on one side of the bracket 3. Figures 1 to 8 The air collector in communication with the sampling head 2 includes a hollow pipe 8 and a second collecting cylinder 9 in communication with the hollow pipe 8. The hollow pipe 8 is arranged at the top of the unmanned aerial vehicle body 1. A transmission shaft 23 is electrically connected in the unmanned aerial vehicle body 1. A second gear 22 is arranged at the top end of the transmission shaft 23. A fixed sleeve 27 is rotatably sleeved outside the hollow pipe 8. The fixed sleeve 27 is connected to the bottom of the first collecting cylinder 6. A first gear 21 is arranged outside the fixed sleeve 27. The first gear 21 is engaged with the second gear 22. The first sensor 10 is in communication with the outside of the hollow pipe 8. The second sensor 11 is in communication with one side of the first collecting cylinder 6. The third sensor 12 is in communication with the top of the second collecting cylinder 9.

[0041] In this embodiment, the hollow tube 8 of the air collector is installed on the preset mounting seat on the top of the UAV body 1, and the bottom end is connected with the driving mechanism inside the UAV. A servo motor is fixed in the UAV body 1, the output shaft of the servo motor is connected with the transmission shaft 23 through a shaft coupling, and the second gear 22 at the top end of the transmission shaft 23 forms a gear pair transmission with the first gear 21 outside the fixed sleeve 27. When it is needed to perform multi-dimensional detection on the collected air, the servo motor drives the transmission shaft 23 to rotate, and through the meshing action of the second gear 22 and the first gear 21, the fixed sleeve 27 and the first collecting cylinder 6 and the second collecting cylinder 9 fixed therewith are synchronously rotated. The first sensor 10 is connected with the outside of the hollow tube 8, and after the air is filtered through the filter screen 20 and the sieve hole 38, the air is detected in stages.

[0042] The first collecting cylinder 6 is sleeved outside the second collecting cylinder 9, the communication position of the hollow tube 8 and the first collecting cylinder 6 is provided with the filter screen 20, and the sieve hole 38 is formed in the second collecting cylinder 9;

[0043] In this embodiment, the air collector adopts a double-layer collecting cylinder structure design, the outer first collecting cylinder 6 and the inner second collecting cylinder 9 form a nested layout, and an annular gap of 5-8 mm is reserved therebetween. The hollow tube 8 is communicated with the side wall of the first collecting cylinder 6 through a lateral branch pipe, and a stainless steel filter screen 20 with a hole diameter of 0.5 mm is embedded at the communication position. The filter screen 20 is made of a double-layer sintering process, can effectively intercept the large particle dust in the air with a particle size of >10 μm, and prevent it from entering the inside of the collecting cylinder to cause sensor pollution or blockage. The sieve hole 38 is formed in the cylinder wall of the second collecting cylinder 9 in a matrix manner, and is annularly arranged in the circumferential direction. When the internal air pressure of the second collecting cylinder 9 is higher than the external environmental air pressure, the air filtered preliminarily can diffuse outward through the sieve hole 38, so as to realize dynamic balance of the air flow and avoid affecting the suction efficiency of the sampling head 2 due to the excessively high air pressure in the collecting cylinder. The double-layer filtering structure cooperates with the dynamic pressure relief design, can perform staged pretreatment on the air sample, can guarantee the stable flow of the air flow in the collecting system, and provides a clean and stable to-be-detected gas environment for subsequent multi-parameter sensor detection.

[0044] The elastic connection assembly is symmetrically arranged on the top of the second collecting cylinder 9, and includes the connecting plates 13 connected to the two sides of the second collecting cylinder 9. The bottom surface of the connecting plate 13 is connected with the first guide rod 15, the first guide rod 15 is slidingly connected to the top of the first collecting cylinder 6, the first spring 14 is connected between the connecting plate 13 and the second collecting cylinder 9, and the third sensor 12 is communicated with the top of the second collecting cylinder 9.

[0045] Specifically, the second collecting cylinder 9 and the first collecting cylinder 6 are flexibly assembled through an elastic connecting assembly. The connecting plates 13 symmetrically distributed on both sides of the second collecting cylinder 9 have the first guide rods 15 vertically welded on the bottom surfaces and penetrating through the preset guide holes on the top of the first collecting cylinder 6. The guide holes can be inlaid with polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant bushings to ensure that the friction of the first guide rods 15 is less than 0.5 N when the first guide rods 15 slide in the axial direction. The first springs 14 are arranged between the connecting plates 13 and the outer wall of the second collecting cylinder 9, so that the second collecting cylinder 9 is coaxially arranged with the first collecting cylinder 6 in a natural state. When the second collecting cylinder 9 is subjected to upward jacking force, the first guide rods 15 slide upward along the guide holes, and the first springs 14 are further compressed to absorb energy. After the external force disappears, the springs reset to drive the second collecting cylinder 9 to return to the initial position. The elastic buffering structure effectively avoids the rigid collision between the components. The top of the second collecting cylinder 9 is connected with the third sensor 12 through an L-shaped metal pipe. The third sensor 12 can be a formaldehyde detector. The detection probe of the third sensor 12 is 30 mm deep into the inside of the second collecting cylinder 9 to ensure sufficient contact with the air filtered. The elastic connection design enables the second collecting cylinder 9 to produce small amplitude buffering displacement when the unmanned aerial vehicle encounters air flow turbulence, reduces the interference of vibration on the detection stability of the sensor, and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection data.

[0046] The side of the outer wall of the first collecting cylinder 6 has the second sensor 11. In the embodiment,

[0047] The second sensor 11 is a sulfur dioxide sensor based on the electrochemical principle. The detection end of the second sensor 11 is connected with the middle segment of the first collecting cylinder 6 through the communication pipe. The inner diameter of the communication pipe is 8 mm, so that the gas flow velocity is controlled at 0.3 m / s, and the to-be-detected gas fully reacts with the sensitive electrode of the sensor. When the air filtered by the filter screen 20 enters the first collecting cylinder 6, part of the air flow enters the inside of the second sensor 11 through the communication pipe. The second sensor 11 detects the current change generated by the oxidation-reduction reaction of the sulfur dioxide gas in the electrolyte to realize real-time monitoring of the sulfur dioxide concentration in the air. Since the air in the first collecting cylinder 6 has removed large-particle impurities, the blockage of the sensor air-permeable membrane by dust is avoided, and the maintenance period of the second sensor 11 is prolonged. Meanwhile, the opening direction of the communication pipe in the first collecting cylinder 6 and the direction of the air flow in the cylinder form a 30° angle. The air flow impact is used to improve the gas exchange efficiency, so that the detection response time is shortened to <15 seconds, and the concentration change peak value of the pollutants can be captured in time in the process of rapid movement detection of the unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0048] In the embodiment, the first collecting cylinder 6 is flexibly assembled with the second collecting cylinder 9 through an elastic connecting assembly. The connecting plates 13 symmetrically distributed on both sides of the second collecting cylinder 9 have the first guide rods 15 vertically welded on the bottom surfaces and penetrating through the preset guide holes on the top of the first collecting cylinder 6. The guide holes can be inlaid with polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant bushings to ensure that the friction of the first guide rods 15 is less than 0.5 N when the first guide rods 15 slide in the axial direction. The first springs 14 are arranged between the connecting plates 13 and the outer wall of the second collecting cylinder 9, so that the second collecting cylinder 9 is coaxially arranged with the first collecting cylinder 6 in a natural state. When the second collecting cylinder 9 is subjected to upward jacking force, the first guide rods 15 slide upward along the guide holes, and the first springs 14 are further compressed to absorb energy. After the external force disappears, the springs reset to drive the second collecting cylinder 9 to return to the initial position. The elastic buffering structure effectively avoids the rigid collision between the components. The top of the second collecting cylinder 9 is connected with the third sensor 12 through an L-shaped metal pipe. The third sensor 12 can be a formaldehyde detector. The detection probe of the third sensor 12 is 30 mm deep into the inside of the second collecting cylinder 9 to ensure sufficient contact with the air filtered. The elastic connection design enables the second collecting cylinder 9 to produce small amplitude buffering displacement when the unmanned aerial vehicle encounters air flow turbulence, reduces the interference of vibration on the detection stability of the sensor, and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection data. Figures 1 to 8The vibration assembly is arranged between the sampling head 2 and the first collecting cylinder 6, and can knock the first collecting cylinder 6 during the lifting of the sampling head 2. The vibration assembly comprises a knocking rod 33 elastically connected to one side of the mounting ring 5, one side of the mounting ring 5 is connected with a connecting sleeve 34, one end of the knocking rod 33 is slidingly connected in the connecting sleeve 34, one end of the knocking rod 33 in the connecting sleeve 34 is connected with a second guide rod 36, a positioning plate 37 is arranged in the connecting sleeve 34, the second guide rod 36 is slidingly connected in the positioning plate 37, a third spring 35 is connected between the positioning plate 37 and the knocking rod 33, one end of the knocking rod 33 away from the connecting sleeve 34 is arranged outside the first collecting cylinder 6, one side of the first collecting cylinder 6 is connected with a guard plate 24, a plurality of convex balls 25 are arranged on the surface of the guard plate 24 at equal intervals, and one end of the knocking rod 33 is arranged on the surface of the guard plate 24.

[0049] In the embodiment, the vibration assembly forms a linkage structure with the sampling head 2 through the mounting ring 5, and when the electric sliding table 4 drives the sampling head 2 to lift, the knocking rod 33 moves synchronously with the mounting ring 5. One end of the knocking rod 33 is inserted into the connecting sleeve 34, the rod body is slidingly fitted with the guide hole on the positioning plate 37, the third spring 35 is sleeved outside the second guide rod 36, and the two ends abut against the end face of the knocking rod 33 and the positioning plate 37 respectively, so that the knocking rod 33 always maintains the pre-tightening force in the direction of the first collecting cylinder 6.

[0050] When the sampling head 2 lifts, the free end of the knocking rod 33 slides along the surface of the guard plate 24, and the convex balls 25 with a diameter of 8 mm and an interval of 5 mm on the guard plate 24 form an intermittent convex structure. With the movement of the mounting ring 5, when the end of the knocking rod 33 slides from the high point to the low point of the convex ball 25, the third spring 35 pushes the knocking rod 33 to quickly extend and hit the guard plate 24; when it slides from the low point to the high point, the convex ball 25 extrudes the knocking rod 33 to compress the third spring 35 to store energy. This periodic impact action makes the first collecting cylinder 6 produce a high-frequency micro-vibration of 15-20 Hz, and the vibration energy is transmitted to the surface of the filter screen 20 through the cylinder wall, so that the dust particles adhered are shaken off, preventing the filter screen 20 from being blocked after a long time of sampling, which causes the air resistance to increase.

[0051] The guard plate 24 is arranged, which has the functions of elastic buffering and vibration conduction, and can avoid structural damage to the collecting cylinder caused by rigid impact. The contact end of the knocking rod 33 is embedded with the convex ball 25, which can be a hard alloy ball head with a hardness of above HRC60, so as to ensure that it is not easy to wear after long-term friction and impact, and the ball head structure can reduce the sliding resistance, so that the vibration frequency remains stable. The vibration assembly does not need an additional power source, and is completely self-driven and cleaned by the lifting action of the sampling head 2. In a single detection task, a certain number of effective knocks can be automatically completed, which significantly improves the anti-blocking effect of the filter screen 20 and the screen hole 38, and prolongs the continuous sampling time of the unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0052] Embodiment four, this embodiment is made on the basis of the explanation of embodiment one, specific, please refer to Figures 1 to 8 , the adjacent convex ball 25 is provided with a jacking assembly, the jacking assembly includes sliding rod 30 in turn through the guard plate 24 and the first collection cylinder 6, the sliding rod 30 and the first collection cylinder 6 are elastically and slidingly connected, one end of the sliding rod 30 is connected with the second fixed block 29, the outer wall of the second collection cylinder 9 is connected with the first fixed block 28, the first fixed block 28 and the second fixed block 29 are both provided with inclined surface, two groups of inclined surface are connected in close contact. The sliding rod 30 is connected with the ball head 26 at one end outside the first collection cylinder 6, the sliding rod 30 is connected with the limiting plate 32 at one end inside the first collection cylinder 6, the limiting plate 32 and the inner wall of the first collection cylinder 6 are connected with the second spring 31.

[0053] In this embodiment, the jacking assembly and the vibration assembly form a cooperative cleaning mechanism, when the knocking rod 33 rises and falls with the sampling head 2 and acts on the convex ball 25 on the guard plate 24, the ball head 26 between the adjacent convex balls 25 is in contact with the knocking rod 33 at the same time. The sliding rod 30 is slidingly assembled through the stepped hole penetrating the guard plate 24 and the first collection cylinder 6, the limiting plate 32 in the cylinder is axially limited by the diameter larger than the inner diameter of the stepped hole, and the second spring 31 provides pre-tightening force to keep the sliding rod 30 in a retracted state. When the knocking rod 33 moves to the jacking assembly position, the ball head 26 is extruded to push the sliding rod 30 to move into the cylinder, at this time, the inclined surface of the second fixed block 29 and the inclined surface of the first fixed block 28 slide relative to each other, the axial displacement of the sliding rod 30 is converted into the radial lifting force of the second collection cylinder 9 through the inclined surface guide, so that the second collection cylinder 9 moves upward 2-3mm against the tension of the first spring 14. When the knocking rod 33 leaves the ball head 26, the second spring 31 drives the sliding rod 30 to reset, and the second collection cylinder 9 falls back under the action of the first spring 14. The up and down micro-movement with a stroke of 0.5mm makes the annular gap between the second collection cylinder 9 and the first collection cylinder 6 change periodically, promotes the airflow disturbance in the gap, and prevents the screen hole 38 from being blocked by the tiny dust 2-5μm. At the same time, the axial vibration of the second collection cylinder 9 can enhance the airflow exchange around the third sensor 12 inside it, avoid the formation of gas stagnation layer on the surface of the sensor probe, and control the detection data fluctuation range within ±2%. The action frequency of the jacking assembly and the vibration assembly is kept synchronous, and the mechanical energy is coupled to realize the all-round cleaning and maintenance of the filter screen 20, the screen hole 38 and the sensor detection area, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle can still maintain 8 hours of continuous sampling stability in the harsh environment with PM10 concentration up to 500μg / m³.

[0054] Embodiment five, this embodiment is made on the basis of the explanation of embodiment one, specific, please refer to Figures 1 to 8 , the second collection cylinder 9 is connected with the connecting sleeve 16 at the top, the connecting sleeve 16 is provided with a through hole 19, the connecting sleeve 16 is connected with the connecting rod 17 at the bottom, and the connecting rod 17 is connected with the blade 18 at the bottom.

[0055] In this embodiment, the connecting sleeve 16 is fixed to the inner wall of the second collecting cylinder 9 through the top flange, and a through hole 19 with a diameter of 12 mm is formed in the axial center of the connecting sleeve 16, which is connected with the detection channel of the third sensor 12 to form the main path of gas flow. The connecting sleeve 16 is connected with a connecting rod 17 at the bottom, and the bottom end of the connecting rod 17 is fixedly connected with a blade 18 through a mortise and tenon structure. The blade 18 is designed as a three-blade backward-swept structure, and the blade surface forms an angle of 15° with the horizontal plane, and the tip speed of the blade is controlled to be less than 1.2 m / s. When the airflow in the second collecting cylinder 9 flows upward through the through hole 19, the airflow impacts the blade 18 to generate a rotating torque, which drives the blade 18 to rotate clockwise with the connecting sleeve 16 as the axis. The rotating movement of the blade 18 forms a weak vortex in the second collecting cylinder 9, promotes the full contact between the air in the cylinder and the detection end of the third sensor 12, and effectively breaks the gas boundary layer near the sensor probe, further shortens the detection response time. A rubber damping sleeve is sleeved at the connection between the connecting rod 17 and the blade 18, which can absorb the vibration energy generated by rotation to avoid interfering with the detection accuracy of the third sensor 12. In addition, the edge of the blade 18 is treated with a circular arc transition to prevent turbulence noise when the airflow flows through, ensuring that the acoustic concealment of the unmanned aerial vehicle during flight is not affected.

[0056] It should be noted that the relational terms herein such as first and second and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but can include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0057] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical principles of the present application, a number of improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should be regarded as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A drone for air quality detection, comprising a drone body (1), characterized in that: The top of the UAV body (1) is equipped with a sampling head (2) that can be raised and lowered. It also includes an air collector connected to the sampling head (2), the air collector including a hollow tube (8) and a second collection cylinder (9) connected to the hollow tube (8), the second collection cylinder (9) is fitted with a first collection cylinder (6), a filter screen (20) is provided at the connection position between the hollow tube (8) and the first collection cylinder (6), and a sieve hole (38) is opened in the second collection cylinder (9). A vibration component is provided between the sampling head (2) and the first collection cylinder (6). During the process of the sampling head (2) rising and falling, the vibration component can strike the first collection cylinder (6).

2. The UAV for air quality detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bracket (3) is fixedly installed on the main body (1) of the UAV. An electric slide (4) is installed on one side of the bracket (3). An installation ring (5) is fixed on the slider of the electric slide (4). The sampling head (2) is located inside the installation ring (5).

3. The UAV for air quality detection according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sampling head (2) includes three sets of venturi tubes and a tee connecting the three sets of venturi tubes. The tee is connected to the hollow tube (8) through a connecting hose (7).

4. The UAV for air quality detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow tube (8) is located on the top of the UAV body (1). The UAV body (1) is electrically connected to a drive shaft (23). A second gear (22) is installed at the top of the drive shaft (23). A fixed sleeve (27) is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the hollow tube (8). The fixed sleeve (27) is connected to the bottom of the first collection tube (6). A first gear (21) is installed on the outside of the fixed sleeve (27). The first gear (21) and the second gear (22) mesh. A first sensor (10) is connected to the outside of the hollow tube (8).

5. A drone for air quality detection according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vibration assembly includes a striking rod (33) elastically connected to one side of the mounting ring (5). A connecting sleeve (34) is connected to one side of the mounting ring (5). One end of the striking rod (33) is slidably connected inside the connecting sleeve (34). One end of the striking rod (33) located inside the connecting sleeve (34) is connected to a second guide rod (36). A positioning plate (37) is installed inside the connecting sleeve (34). The second guide rod (36) is slidably connected inside the positioning plate (37). A third spring (35) is connected between the positioning plate (37) and the striking rod (33). The end of the striking rod (33) away from the connecting sleeve (34) is attached to the outside of the first collecting cylinder (6).

6. The UAV for air quality detection according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first collecting cylinder (6) is connected to a protective plate (24) on one side. The protective plate (24) has convex balls (25) arranged equidistantly on its surface. One end of the striking rod (33) is attached to the surface of the protective plate (24). A second sensor (11) is connected to a connecting pipe on one side of the outer wall of the first collecting cylinder (6).

7. A drone for air quality detection according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second collecting cylinder (9) is symmetrically provided with elastic connecting components at the top. The elastic connecting components include connecting plates (13) connected to both sides of the second collecting cylinder (9). The bottom surface of the connecting plate (13) is connected to a first guide rod (15). The first guide rod (15) is slidably connected to the top of the first collecting cylinder (6). A first spring (14) is connected between the connecting plate (13) and the second collecting cylinder (9). A third sensor (12) is connected to the top of the second collecting cylinder (9).

8. A drone for air quality detection according to claim 6, characterized in that: A lifting assembly is provided between adjacent convex balls (25). The lifting assembly includes a sliding rod (30) that passes through the guard plate (24) and the first collecting cylinder (6) in sequence. The sliding rod (30) and the first collecting cylinder (6) are elastically and slidably connected. One end of the sliding rod (30) is connected to a second fixing block (29). The outer wall of the second collecting cylinder (9) is connected to a first fixing block (28). Both the first fixing block (28) and the second fixing block (29) are provided with inclined surfaces, and the two sets of inclined surfaces are fitted together.

9. A drone for air quality detection according to claim 8, characterized in that: The slide rod (30) is connected to a ball head (26) at one end outside the first collecting cylinder (6), and a limiting plate (32) is connected to the other end inside the first collecting cylinder (6). A second spring (31) is connected between the limiting plate (32) and the inner wall of the first collecting cylinder (6).

10. A drone for air quality detection according to claim 9, characterized in that: The second collecting cylinder (9) is connected to a connecting sleeve (16) at the top. The connecting sleeve (16) has a through hole (19) inside. The connecting sleeve (16) is connected to a connecting rod (17) at the bottom. The connecting rod (17) has a blade (18) at the bottom end.

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