Tidal energy storage and self-repairing integrated seawall / wharf revetment wall structure

Abstract

The invention provides a tidal energy storage and self-repairing integrated seawall / wharf revetment wall structure, and relates to the technical field of intelligent hydraulic protection materials, the tidal energy storage and self-repairing integrated seawall / wharf revetment wall structure comprises an outer protection flow collection layer, an inner protection flow collection layer and an outer protection flow collection layer, the energy storage protection layer comprises a conductive framework and a pseudocapacitance material, is constructed as a capacitor electrode capable of storing electric energy and is also used as an auxiliary anode of an impressed current cathodic protection system; a three-dimensional capillary network is distributed in the self-repairing and electrolyte functional layer; a structural bearing layer; and the backing is connected with the terminal interface layer. The four functions of ocean wave energy collection, electrochemical energy storage, impressed current cathode protection and crack self-repairing are integrated into a single wall structure for the first time, energy autonomy can be achieved through inexhaustible ocean energy, and a green power source is provided for a self-protection system and shore-based equipment; and a repair mechanism can be automatically triggered through an intelligent material during crack initiation, so that the service life of the device is greatly prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent hydraulic engineering protection materials technology, specifically to a seawall / dock revetment structure that integrates tidal energy storage and self-repair. Background Technology

[0002] A prior art concrete retaining wall revetment for seawalls, disclosed in publication number "CN220789596U", includes a first main body. A connecting mechanism is provided on the front of the first main body. The connecting mechanism includes a fixing plate, a connecting shaft, a connecting plate, and a U-shaped block. The back of the fixing plate is fixedly connected to the front of the first main body. This concrete retaining wall revetment for seawalls utilizes a fixing plate fixedly installed on the front of the first main body. The connecting plate is rotated to a certain position by sliding the connecting shaft's outer surface within the fixing plate. The right side of the U-shaped block, fixedly installed on the right side of the connecting plate, is then engaged with the left side of the engaging block. After engagement, a threaded rod is connected to the internal threads of the U-shaped block and the engaging block. This effectively solves the problem of ensuring stability during connection, improving overall stability and enhancing practical application, thus facilitating widespread adoption.

[0003] However, the aforementioned device is commonly found in traditional seawalls and wharf revetments that are exposed to tidal, wave-splashed, and chloride-salt environments for extended periods, resulting in the following problems: 1. Chloride ion corrosion: leading to steel reinforcement corrosion, cracking, and spalling; 2. Insufficient utilization of external energy: wave impact and tidal pressure differences are not utilized; 3. Difficulty in repair: cracks and seepage are difficult to heal themselves, and maintenance costs are high.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative revetment structure that combines protection and energy conversion functions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a seawall / dock revetment structure that integrates tidal energy storage and self-healing, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A seawall / dock revetment structure integrating tidal energy storage and self-healing, comprising layers stacked sequentially from the outside in: The outer protective current collection layer is used to directly contact seawater, resist environmental erosion, and collect current. The energy storage protection layer, which includes a conductive framework and a pseudocapacitive material, is constructed as a capacitor electrode capable of storing electrical energy and also serves as an auxiliary anode in an impressed current cathodic protection system. The self-repairing and electrolyte functional layer has a three-dimensional microvascular network distributed inside, which is filled with electrolyte fluid and repair agent. It is used to release the repair agent to achieve self-healing when the structure cracks, and to provide an ion conduction pathway for the electrochemical process. The structural load-bearing layer, composed of cement-based composite materials, bears the mechanical properties of the main structure; and... The backing and terminal interface layer includes an energy management module, a cathodic protection controller, and an external terminal interface; it also includes: An energy harvesting module, wherein the energy harvesting module is a piezoelectric or hydraulic energy harvesting element, generates electrical energy in response to the mechanical action of waves or tides, and charges the energy storage protective layer; The energy management module electrically connects the backing and terminal interface layer to the external power supply, collects the electrical energy generated by the energy harvesting module and the electrical energy stored in the energy storage protection layer, and prioritizes the power supply of the energy storage protection layer, thereby achieving uninterrupted protection when the external power supply is interrupted.

[0007] Preferably, the outer protective current collection layer includes a chloride ion permeation resistant film with a thickness of 10-50 μm and a conductive current collection coating.

[0008] Preferably, in the energy storage protective layer, the conductive framework is selected from at least one material selected from graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon fibers, and its mass percentage is 0.3%-2%; the pseudocapacitive material is selected from at least one material selected from polyaniline, polypyrrole, and manganese dioxide, and its mass percentage is 3%-15%.

[0009] Preferably, the three-dimensional microvascular network in the self-repairing and electrolyte functional layer is composed of interwoven transverse main channels and longitudinal branch channels. The channel material of the three-dimensional microvascular network is any one of polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, silicone or epoxy glass fiber tube. The inner diameter of the main channel is 1.0-1.5 mm and the spacing between them is 50-150 mm. The inner diameter of the branch channel is 0.3-0.8 mm and the spacing between them is 20-50 mm.

[0010] Preferably, the electrolyte fluid is PVA-H3PO4 gel, Na2SO4 solution, or ionic liquid; the repair agent is a silicate-based repair agent or an epoxy resin-based repair agent.

[0011] Preferably, the structural load-bearing layer is a concrete matrix reinforced with carbon fiber woven mesh and uniformly mixed with self-healing microcapsules accounting for 3%-8% of the matrix mass.

[0012] Preferably, the energy harvesting module is arranged between the energy storage and protection layer and the self-repairing and electrolyte functional layer, and converts the fluid pressure fluctuations experienced by the three-dimensional microvascular network into electrical energy.

[0013] Preferably, the volumetric capacitance of the energy storage protective layer is 2-8 F / cm³.

[0014] Preferably, the backing and terminal interface layer further includes an Ag / AgCl reference electrode, and the cathodic protection controller controls the cathodic protection system to operate in constant potential mode or constant current mode based on the feedback signal of the reference electrode.

[0015] Preferably, the energy management module is configured to maintain the cathodic protection system in operation for at least 120 minutes in the event of an external power failure.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention is the first to integrate four major functions—ocean wave energy harvesting, electrochemical energy storage, impressed current cathodic protection, and crack self-repair—into a single wall structure. It fundamentally solves the pain points of traditional marine engineering structures, such as reliance on external power supply, protective gaps, difficult repairs, and high maintenance costs. This device can not only utilize the inexhaustible ocean energy to achieve energy autonomy and provide green power for its own protection system and shore-based equipment, but also automatically trigger a repair mechanism when cracks appear through smart materials. It also ensures continuous cathodic protection for no less than 120 minutes after the external power grid fails, realizing a shift in the protection concept of infrastructure from passive protection to active protection and greatly extending the service life of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall layered structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the microvascular network structure of the self-repairing and electrolyte functional layer of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage + impressed current cathodic protection + energy management circuit framework of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the crack self-healing and electrochemical deposition machine of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. External protective current collection layer, 2. Energy storage protective layer, 3. Self-healing and electrolyte functional layer, 4. Three-dimensional microvascular network, 5. Structural load-bearing layer, 6. Backing and terminal interface layer, 7. Main pipeline, 8. Branch pipeline, 9. Crack, 10. External power supply. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figure 1-5 The present invention provides a technical solution: Example: A seawall / dock revetment structure integrating tidal energy storage and self-repair is a modular prefabricated component, which includes, from the outside to the inside, an outer protective current collection layer 1, an energy storage protection layer 2, a self-repairing and electrolyte functional layer 3, a structural load-bearing layer 5, and a backing and terminal interface layer 6.

[0021] in: The outer protective current collection layer 1 is used to directly contact seawater and consists of two layers: the outermost layer is a fluorinated salt-repellent membrane with a thickness of about 20 μm, which can effectively block chloride ion penetration and prevent marine organisms from attaching; the inner layer is a conductive graphite coating with a thickness of about 15 μm, which serves as the current collection layer and is tightly attached to the internal energy storage protective layer 2.

[0022] The energy storage protective layer 2 comprises a conductive framework and a pseudocapacitive material, and is prepared by the following method: 0.8% by mass of graphene and 0.3% by mass of carbon nanotubes are used as the conductive framework, and 8% by mass of polyaniline is used as the pseudocapacitive material, which are uniformly dispersed in an aqueous polymer binder. The aqueous polymer binder is any one of acrylate copolymer emulsion, polyurethane emulsion or polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution.

[0023] By mass percentage, the forming slurry of the energy storage protective layer 2 includes 0.8% graphene, 0.3% carbon nanotubes as a conductive framework, 8% polyaniline as a pseudocapacitive material, and the remainder is an aqueous polymer binder. Graphene, carbon nanotubes and polyaniline are uniformly dispersed in the aqueous polymer binder to form a slurry. The slurry is coated on the inner side of the outer protective current collector layer 1 by a scraping process and formed after drying and curing. The actual measured volumetric capacitance of this layer is about 5.2 F / cm³. This layer not only serves as a capacitor electrode to store electrical energy, but also as an auxiliary anode of the impressed current cathodic protection system.

[0024] The self-repairing and electrolyte functional layer 3 contains a three-dimensional microvascular network 4. (See the attached instruction manual.) Figure 2The three-dimensional microvascular network 4 is composed of interwoven transverse main channels 7 and longitudinal branch channels 8. Both the main channels 7 and branch channels 8 are made of polyurethane. The main channels 7 have an inner diameter of 1.2 mm and a spacing of 100 mm, while the branch channels 8 have an inner diameter of 0.5 mm and a spacing of 30 mm between adjacent channels. The three-dimensional microvascular network 4 is filled with PVA-H3PO4 gel electrolyte and mixed with a silicate repair agent to achieve self-healing through a chemical-electrochemical deposition effect. (See attached instruction manual.) Figure 3 It is represented as CaCO3 / CSH, see the appendix in the instruction manual. Figure 3 When a crack 9 appears in the inner structural load-bearing layer 5, the three-dimensional microvascular network 4 at that location is torn. At this time, the PVA-H3PO4 gel electrolyte and silicate repair agent in the three-dimensional microvascular network 4 are discharged outward and fill the gap. After solidification through chemical-electrochemical deposition effect, a self-healing effect is achieved. In addition, multiple piezoelectric sheets are evenly distributed between the self-repairing and electrolyte functional layer 3 and the energy storage protective layer 2 as energy harvesting modules. When the wave impacts the wall and causes the fluid in the three-dimensional microvascular network 4 to generate pressure fluctuations, the piezoelectric sheets are forced to deform and generate alternating current, which is rectified and used to charge the energy storage protective layer 2.

[0025] Structural load-bearing layer 5, composed of cement-based composite materials, bears the main mechanical properties of the structure. The mass ratio of the cement-based composite material is: cement: silica fume: microspheres: quartz sand: water-reducing agent: water: steel fiber: epoxy resin self-healing microcapsules 1:0.23:0.03:1.58:0.026:0.2:0.26:0.05. This layer is the main load-bearing part of the wall, using ultra-high performance concrete as the matrix, with internal carbon fiber woven mesh to enhance toughness. The carbon fiber woven mesh is an independent component of structural load-bearing layer 5, and its mass is negligible compared to the cement-based composite material, so it will not be elaborated here. Simultaneously, epoxy resin self-healing microcapsules, accounting for 5% of the cement mass, are uniformly incorporated into the concrete mixture. The preparation process of the epoxy resin self-healing microcapsules is as follows: first, epoxy resin is used as the main component, mixed with curing agent and diluent in proportion, and stirred evenly to form a stable core material system. Common materials such as gelatin-gum arabic / polymethyl methacrylate are selected as wall materials. Then, using in-situ polymerization and interfacial polymerization, the core material is dispersed in the wall material solution. By adjusting the pH and temperature, the wall material is induced to form a film on the surface of the core material. Finally, the generated microcapsules are filtered, washed, and dried, and products with uniform particle size are screened for later use. The functions of this epoxy resin self-healing microcapsule are as follows: 1. Self-repairing microcracks: When concrete is subjected to stress and microcracks are generated, the capsule wall breaks, the epoxy resin core material flows out and reacts with the surrounding environment to solidify and fill the crack.

[0026] 2. Maintain mechanical properties: Prevent microcracks from expanding into macrocracks, ensure the coordinated stress distribution between the carbon fiber woven mesh and the UHPC matrix, and prevent a decrease in the structural load-bearing capacity.

[0027] 3. Improved durability: It blocks moisture and harmful substances from entering through cracks, reduces concrete corrosion and carbon fiber aging, and extends the service life of the structure.

[0028] Backing and terminal interface layer 6, which houses the energy management module, is attached to the instruction manual. Figure 4 The BMS module is shown in the diagram; the cathodic protection controller is attached to the instruction manual. Figure 4 The ICCP controller is shown in the diagram. The BMS module and ICCP controller are electrically connected to the energy storage protection layer 2, the piezoelectric element, and the external power supply 10 via wires. An external terminal interface is used to connect the external power supply 10 to the load, such as a mains lighting or coastal lighting unit. Furthermore, Ag / AgCl reference electrodes are embedded in the backing and terminal interface layer 6 at a density of one per square meter to monitor the potential of the reinforcing steel bars within the backing and terminal interface layer 6. The embedded Ag / AgCl reference electrodes support constant potential. 0.85~ 1.0 V vs Ag / AgCl, meaning that in a cathodic protection system, the potential of the protected cathode relative to the Ag / AgCl reference electrode must be precisely controlled within the range of -0.85 V to -1.0 V; Constant current: 2–20 mA·m 2 This means that a protective current of 2 to 20 mA needs to be applied to each square meter of the protected cathode surface. Specific adjustment methods are detailed in the instruction manual. Figure 4The BMS module is electrically connected to the external power supply 10 and the energy storage protection layer 2. The electrical energy generated by the energy storage protection layer 2 can be output to the electrical equipment through the BMS module and the ICCP controller. The electrical equipment can be its own sensors, electrodes, or other devices, or it can be external lighting equipment. It is also equipped with an Ag / AgCl reference electrode as an internal electrical signal monitoring device, thereby providing working instructions to the ICCP controller. The ICCP controller, as a cathodic protection controller, can provide an ICCP sustaining current of not less than 120 minutes when the power is off, thereby performing the electrochemical protection device of this modular prefabricated energy wall. The BMS module electrically connects the backing and terminal interface layer 6 to the external power supply 10, and collects the electrical energy generated by the energy harvesting module and the electrical energy stored in the energy storage protection layer 2. It prioritizes the power supply to the energy storage protection layer 2, thereby achieving uninterrupted protection when the external power supply 10 is interrupted. In order to ensure the normal operation of the device's connection terminals and reference electrodes, they need to be waterproof and sealed to ensure that their protection level is not lower than IP67. According to the above scheme, a simulation experiment was conducted. The experiment showed that the device had a volumetric capacitance of approximately 5.2 F / cm³, an ICCP module protection time of 155 min, and a 10-day closure rate of 85% for a 0.2 mm crack 9 under power failure conditions, demonstrating effective energy conversion, electrochemical protection, and self-healing performance.

[0029] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A seawall / dock revetment structure integrating tidal energy storage and self-repair, characterized in that, Including those stacked sequentially from the outside in: The outer protective current collection layer is used to directly contact seawater, resist environmental erosion, and collect current. The energy storage protection layer, which includes a conductive framework and a pseudocapacitive material, is constructed as a capacitor electrode capable of storing electrical energy and also serves as an auxiliary anode in an impressed current cathodic protection system. The self-repairing and electrolyte functional layer has a three-dimensional microvascular network distributed inside, which is filled with electrolyte fluid and repair agent. It is used to release the repair agent to achieve self-healing when the structure cracks, and to provide an ion conduction pathway for the electrochemical process. The structural load-bearing layer, which is composed of cement-based composite materials, bears the main mechanical properties of the structure. as well as, The backing and terminal interface layer includes an energy management module, a cathodic protection controller, and an external terminal interface; it also includes: An energy harvesting module, wherein the energy harvesting module is a piezoelectric or hydraulic energy harvesting element, generates electrical energy in response to the mechanical action of waves or tides, and charges the energy storage protective layer; The energy management module electrically connects the backing and terminal interface layer to the external power supply, collects the electrical energy generated by the energy harvesting module and the electrical energy stored in the energy storage protection layer, and prioritizes the power supply of the energy storage protection layer, thereby achieving uninterrupted protection when the external power supply is interrupted.

2. The seawall / wharf revetment structure integrating tidal energy storage and self-repair as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The outer protective current collection layer includes a 10-50 μm thick anti-chloride ion permeation film and a conductive current collection coating.

3. A seawall / wharf revetment structure integrating tidal energy storage and self-repair as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In the energy storage protective layer, the conductive framework is selected from at least one material among graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon fibers, with a mass percentage of 0.3%-2%; the pseudocapacitive material is selected from at least one material among polyaniline, polypyrrole, and manganese dioxide, with a mass percentage of 3%-15%.

4. The seawall / wharf revetment structure integrating tidal energy storage and self-repair as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The three-dimensional microvascular network in the self-repairing and electrolyte functional layer is composed of transversely arranged main channels and longitudinally arranged branch channels. The channel material of the three-dimensional microvascular network is any one of polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, silicone or epoxy glass fiber tube. The inner diameter of the main channel is 1.0-1.5mm and the spacing between them is 50-150mm. The inner diameter of the branch channel is 0.3-0.8mm and the spacing between them is 20-50mm.

5. The seawall / wharf revetment structure integrating tidal energy storage and self-repair as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The electrolyte fluid is PVA-H3PO4 gel, Na2SO4 solution, or ionic liquid; the repair agent is a silicate-based repair agent or an epoxy resin-based repair agent.

6. The seawall / wharf revetment structure integrating tidal energy storage and self-repair as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The load-bearing layer of the structure is a concrete matrix reinforced with carbon fiber woven mesh and uniformly mixed with self-healing microcapsules accounting for 3%-8% of the matrix mass.

7. The seawall / wharf revetment structure integrating tidal energy storage and self-repair as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The energy harvesting module is arranged between the energy storage and protection layer and the self-repairing and electrolyte functional layer, and converts the fluid pressure fluctuations experienced by the three-dimensional microvascular network into electrical energy.

8. The seawall / wharf revetment structure integrating tidal energy storage and self-repair as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The volumetric capacitance of the energy storage protective layer is 2-8 F / cm³.

9. A seawall / wharf revetment structure integrating tidal energy storage and self-repair as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The backing and terminal interface layer also includes an Ag / AgCl reference electrode. The cathodic protection controller controls the cathodic protection system to operate in constant potential mode or constant current mode based on the feedback signal of the reference electrode.

10. A seawall / wharf revetment structure integrating tidal energy storage and self-repair as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The energy management module is configured to maintain the cathodic protection system in operation for at least 120 minutes in the event of an external power failure.

Images