Self-powered damping adjustable device and floating offshore wind turbine

Abstract

The application discloses a self-powered damping adjustable device and a floating offshore wind turbine, and relates to the technical field of ocean renewable energy, wherein the self-powered damping adjustable device comprises a shell, two ends of which are provided with standard connection interfaces for being connected with mooring chains in series; a rotor is rotatably arranged in a water flow channel in the shell; a damping adjusting unit is arranged in the shell and comprises a brake disc, a sealed cavity, a magneto-rheological fluid and an electromagnetic excitation assembly; the brake disc is coaxially connected with the rotor and is at least partially immersed in the sealed cavity filled with the magneto-rheological fluid; the water flow channel and the sealed cavity are isolated from each other; and the electromagnetic excitation assembly is arranged outside the sealed cavity; by adjusting the magnetic field intensity, the damping size can be steplessly, accurately and quickly changed, so that the mooring system is changed from a traditional passive characteristic to an active controllable characteristic.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine renewable energy technology, and in particular to a self-powered damping adjustable device and a floating offshore wind turbine. Background Technology

[0002] Floating offshore wind power is a key technology for developing deep-sea wind energy resources. Floating wind turbine platforms experience six degrees of freedom of motion under the combined effects of wind, waves, and currents, with sway, heave, and pitch motion having the most significant impact on turbine operation. These motions not only affect power generation efficiency but also lead to structural fatigue and shorten turbine lifespan.

[0003] Currently, floating wind turbines mainly rely on catenary or tensioned mooring systems for positioning. Traditional mooring systems primarily provide static restoring force, and their damping characteristics are relatively weak. This results in the platform requiring a long time to stabilize after being subjected to impact, and the dynamic response is amplified near the resonant frequency, which is detrimental to the safe operation of the wind turbine.

[0004] Existing technologies include methods to enhance damping by adding counterweights or towing bodies, but these are all passive damping methods, which cannot be changed once set. In extreme sea conditions, excessive damping force may cause the mooring cable to overload and break; while in normal sea conditions, the damping may be insufficient to provide enough stability for the platform. Therefore, existing technologies lack a mooring device that can adaptively adjust damping according to real-time sea conditions and the platform's motion state. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is that existing floating wind turbine mooring systems have the drawback of fixed damping and being unable to adapt to changing sea conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the invention, a self-powered adjustable damping device is provided, comprising: a housing having standard connection interfaces at both ends for connecting mooring chains in series; an impeller rotatably disposed in a water channel inside the housing; and a damping adjustment unit disposed inside the housing, comprising a brake disc, a sealed cavity, a magnetorheological fluid, and an electromagnetic excitation assembly; the brake disc is coaxially connected to the impeller and is at least partially immersed in the sealed cavity filled with the magnetorheological fluid; the water channel is isolated from the sealed cavity; and the electromagnetic excitation assembly is disposed outside the sealed cavity for generating a magnetic field perpendicular to the shear direction of the brake disc, thereby adjusting the shear resistance of the magnetorheological fluid by changing the magnetic field strength to achieve damping control.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, a functional control module is further included, which is electrically connected to the damping adjustment unit. The functional control module includes a control unit and a power generation and energy storage system. The control unit is electrically connected to the electromagnetic excitation component and is used to adjust the excitation current of the electromagnetic excitation component according to the received control signal. The power generation and energy storage system is disposed outside the housing and electrically connected to the control unit.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the brake disc and the impeller are coaxially connected via a main shaft, the outer shell is a streamlined shell made of alloy, and its internal sealed cavity is dynamically isolated from the main shaft through a magnetic fluid sealing mechanism; the electromagnetic excitation assembly includes an excitation coil and a magnetically conductive shell, the magnetically conductive shell forming a magnetic circuit and enclosing the excitation coil.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the outer shell and the mooring chain are connected by a universal adapter, allowing the device to adaptively adjust its orientation under the action of multi-directional water flow.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the power generation and energy storage system includes a generator coaxially connected to the impeller, a power management module, and a battery; the generator converts the rotational kinetic energy of the impeller into electrical energy, which is then regulated by the power management module and stored in the battery, and supplies power to the electromagnetic excitation components and control unit.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the interior of the outer shell is divided into a water inlet chamber and a flow channel rear chamber by an inner shell; the impeller is housed in the water inlet chamber, and the sealing chamber is housed in the flow channel rear chamber; a shaft bracket is mounted between the water inlet chamber and the flow channel rear chamber to support the main shaft, and the shaft bracket has a shaft bracket through hole connecting the water inlet chamber and the flow channel rear chamber; the water inlet chamber and the flow channel rear chamber are respectively connected to the external liquid environment.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the sealing cavity is coaxially fixed within the inner shell by a front support ring and a rear support ring arranged sequentially along the water flow direction; both the front support ring and the rear support ring are provided with a plurality of ring disc through holes in the circumferential direction.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the outer shell further includes an end cap, which is fixed to the inlet side of the water inlet chamber by fasteners; the end cap has a mooring chain connection part at its center, and several flow holes are opened circumferentially thereon.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the power generation and energy storage system is also equipped with an interface that supports external power supply.

[0015] A floating offshore wind turbine includes a floating wind turbine platform, a mooring system, and a self-powered damping adjustable device as described in any of the above technical solutions, wherein the damping adjustable device is connected in series in the mooring chain.

[0016] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0017] 1. This invention, by adjusting the magnetic field strength, can steplessly, precisely, and rapidly change the damping magnitude, transforming the mooring system from a traditional passive characteristic to an active and controllable one;

[0018] 2. Furthermore, the device ingeniously utilizes the fluid kinetic energy generated by the relative motion between the mooring chain and the seawater environment to drive the impeller, and converts this mechanical energy into a controllable damping force through the magnetorheological fluid effect, without relying on external power grids, thus solving the core pain point of equipment power supply difficulties in deep-sea environments;

[0019] 3. Furthermore, the housing and streamlined design reduce hydrodynamic loads. Magnetohydrodynamic sealing technology and pressure-balanced diaphragm design ensure the long-term sealing and stable operation of the core damping unit in high-pressure, corrosive marine environments. The use of universal joints allows the device to adapt to water flow in different directions, ensuring energy capture efficiency. This robust design enables it to withstand the harsh sea conditions of the deep ocean;

[0020] 4. By introducing adjustable damping into the mooring system, this invention can effectively suppress the harmful movement of the floating platform under the action of wind, waves and currents, providing a more stable platform for the wind turbine. This not only helps to improve power generation efficiency and power quality, but also significantly reduces the dynamic load and fatigue damage of the mooring system and platform structure, and extends the service life of the entire wind farm. From the perspective of the whole life cycle, it has good economic benefits.

[0021] Further or other beneficial effects will be discussed in the embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the component disposed inside the outer casing of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the uncut lower part of the damping adjustable device of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of each chamber and the direction of water flow within the outer shell of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pile structure of the adjustable damping device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the power generation and energy storage system of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a control flowchart of the power generation and energy storage system of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7A simplified diagram of the floating offshore wind turbine of the present invention;

[0029] Among them, 1-outer shell, 11-water channel, 2-impeller, 3-damping adjustment unit, 31-brake disc, 32-sealing cavity, 33-magnetorheological fluid, 34-electromagnetic excitation assembly, 4-power generation and energy storage system, 41-generator, 42-power management module, 43-battery, 44-external power supply interface, 111-water inlet cavity, 112-rear cavity of the channel, 12-shaft bracket, 121-shaft bracket through hole, 13-front support ring, 14-rear support ring, 101-ring disc through hole, 15-end cover, 16-inner shell, 151-flow hole, 5-main shaft, 6-universal adapter, 7-floating wind turbine platform, 8-mooring chain. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The directional terms such as up, down, left, right, front, back, front, back, top, and bottom mentioned or possibly used in this specification are defined relative to the construction shown in the accompanying drawings. The terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively. These are relative concepts and may therefore vary depending on their location and usage. Therefore, these or other directional terms should not be interpreted as restrictive.

[0031] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the embodiments:

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] A self-powered damping adjustable device, as described in the reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The device is modularly integrated into the mooring chain 8 of a floating offshore wind turbine. The outer shell 1 is made of a high-strength, corrosion-resistant alloy with a streamlined structure to reduce water flow resistance. To prevent marine organism attachment, the surface of the outer shell 1 in this embodiment is coated with an anti-biofouling material. Both ends of the device are connected to the standard links of the mooring chain 8 via universal joints 6. These joints allow the device to adaptively adjust its orientation under complex multi-directional currents, ensuring that the impeller 2 always faces the incoming flow direction. The interior of the outer shell 1 is divided into two independent chambers: a water flow channel 11 and a sealed cavity 32, achieving physical isolation between the flow passage and the core damping adjustment unit 3.

[0034] Impeller 2, made of corrosion-resistant composite material, is rotatably mounted in the water channel 11 via main shaft 5. When the mooring chain 8 generates relative water flow due to the movement of the floating platform, it drives impeller 2 to rotate. Brake disc 31, coaxially connected to impeller 2, extends into sealed cavity 32, which is filled with magnetorheological fluid 33. This maintains a dynamic balance between the pressure inside and outside the cavity and the hydrostatic pressure of the deep sea, ensuring sealing reliability while preventing damage to the cavity structure from the high-pressure environment of the deep sea. Magnetorheological fluid 33 is a smart fluid whose apparent viscosity and shear stress can undergo significant and reversible changes under an applied magnetic field.

[0035] Reference Figure 3 Inside the modular housing 1 of this device, an inner shell 16 divides the cavity into two main areas: a water inlet chamber 111 at the front and a flow channel rear chamber 112 at the rear. The impeller 2 is housed in the water inlet chamber 111, while the sealed cavity 32 containing the magnetorheological fluid 33 is located in the flow channel rear chamber 112. A shaft bracket 12 is also included, positioned between the water inlet chamber 111 and the flow channel rear chamber 112. Its main function is to support the main shaft 5 connecting the impeller 2 and the brake disc 31, ensuring its stable rotation. The shaft bracket 12 has a through hole 121, which connects the water inlet chamber 111 and the flow channel rear chamber 112, allowing water to flow through. Importantly, the water inlet chamber 111 and the flow channel rear chamber 112 are respectively connected to the external liquid environment of the device, forming a complete water flow path.

[0036] To ensure the stability of the core working component, the sealing cavity 32, in complex fluid environments, it is coaxially fixed within the inner shell 16 by a front support ring 13 and a rear support ring 13 arranged sequentially along the water flow direction. This double support ring structure provides reliable axial positioning for the sealing cavity 32. To minimize obstruction to fluid movement, several annular through holes 10 are formed circumferentially on both the front and rear support rings 13. These through holes allow water to flow smoothly while ensuring structural strength.

[0037] In the assembly design of the outer casing 1, an end cap 15 is fixed to the inlet side of the water inlet chamber 111 by fasteners. A mooring chain 8 connection is located at the center of this end cap 15, used for a crucial connection to the mooring system; that is, this mooring chain 8 connection is used to connect to the universal adapter 6 mentioned above. To ensure smooth water flow into the device, several flow holes 151 are circumferentially formed on the end cap 15 around the mooring chain 8 connection. These flow holes 151 are optimized to provide sufficient flow area while maintaining structural strength, reducing inflow resistance and enabling the device to efficiently capture water energy.

[0038] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5The sealed cavity 32 is externally enclosed by an electromagnetic excitation assembly 34, which consists of a shell made of highly permeable magnetic material forming a magnetic circuit, with an excitation coil wound inside. When current is applied to the coil, a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the shear direction of the brake disc 31 is formed in the narrow gap between the brake disc 31 and the cavity wall within the sealed cavity 32. By changing the magnitude of the current in the excitation coil, the magnetic field strength can be precisely and quickly adjusted, thereby changing the shear yield stress of the magnetorheological fluid 33. When the brake disc 31 attempts to rotate in the magnetorheological fluid 33 under the drive of the impeller 2, it will be subjected to a changing shear resistance, which acts in the opposite direction on the impeller 2, ultimately manifesting as an adjustable damping force on the movement of the mooring chain 8. A magnetorheological sealing mechanism is used for dynamic isolation between the main shaft 5 and the outer shell 1, ensuring a long-term effective seal between the rotating parts and the static outer shell 1, preventing leakage of the magnetorheological fluid 33 and seawater intrusion.

[0039] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The device also includes a functional control module, which is electrically connected to the damping adjustment unit 3. The functional control module includes a control unit and a power generation and energy storage system 4. The control module is electrically connected to the electromagnetic excitation component 34 and is used to adjust the excitation current of the electromagnetic excitation component 34 according to the received control signal. The power generation and energy storage system 4 is located outside the outer casing 1 and is electrically connected to the control unit. Specifically, the power generation and energy storage system 4 includes a generator 41 coaxially connected to the impeller 2, a power management module 42, and a battery 43. The rotational kinetic energy of the impeller 2 is converted into electrical energy by the generator 41, rectified and regulated by the power management module 42, and stored in the battery 43. This electrical energy is then used to power the electromagnetic excitation component 34 and the control unit itself, achieving energy self-sufficiency. The control unit, as the "brain" of the device, has a microprocessor at its core and integrates a state sensing unit. This unit includes at least a tension measuring unit for measuring the tension of the mooring chain 8 and a stress sensor for monitoring the platform's motion state. The specific control process is described in detail below. Figure 6 .

[0040] Theoretical Derivation and Parameter Selection:

[0041] To facilitate understanding of the damping generation mechanism of the device of this invention and its equivalent conversion relationship to mooring force, a theoretical derivation based on a fluid mechanics and magnetorheological shear damping model is presented. The following derivation is used to illustrate the working principle of the device and the method for selecting parameters, and does not constitute a limitation on the structural form of the device.

[0042] (1) Water flow disturbance - impeller 2 driving force and torque conversion:

[0043] When the platform undergoes relative motion under the influence of waves and ocean currents, a relative velocity u(t) is formed between the outer shell 1 and the surrounding water. This relative velocity acts on the impeller 2 through the internal flow channels of the outer shell 1. The force on the impeller 2 can be approximated by the dynamic pressure and drag coefficient.

[0044] Ⅰ

[0045] in, The hydrodynamic force (N) acting in the equivalent force direction of impeller 2, Seawater density (kg / m³) 3 ), This is the equivalent drag coefficient. The equivalent frontal area of ​​impeller 2 (m²) 2 ), The relative flow velocity is (m / s).

[0046] Impeller 2 converts hydrodynamic force into axial torque:

[0047] II

[0048] in, The output torque of impeller 2 (N·m) Let be the equivalent effective arm of impeller 2 (usually taken as the effective radius of impeller 2) (m). In the initial parameter selection stage, to obtain a closed-form expression, impeller 2 is approximately assumed to be under low slip / weak load conditions, making... ≈ / In precise design, it is necessary to combine the characteristic curves of the impeller and impeller. Or solve the rotor dynamics equations .

[0049] (2) Shear model of magnetorheological fluid 33 and damping torque of brake disc 31:

[0050] The magnetorheological fluid 33 inside the sealed cavity 32 can be described using the Bingham viscoplastic model:

[0051] III

[0052] in, Shear stress (Pa), The yield shear stress (Pa) under magnetic field B. The post-yield viscosity (Pa·s) Shear rate (s) -1 ).

[0053] The empirical relationship between yield shear stress and magnetic flux density can be written as:

[0054] IV

[0055] in, The zero-field yield stress (Pa) and is a material constant.

[0056] For radius arrive The disk in the gap Shear flow occurs within the interior, and the shear rate can be approximated as:

[0057] V

[0058] The damping torque generated by the single-sided disk is:

[0059] VI

[0060] The integral yields:

[0061] VII

[0062] If brake disc 31 exists If there are multiple effective shear surfaces (e.g., double-sided or multi-sheet structures), then the total damping torque is approximately .

[0063] (3) Equivalent conversion of damping torque to mooring force:

[0064] The device is connected in series at both ends to the mooring chain 8 via connection interfaces. The damping torque of the device consumes the hydrodynamic input power through the impeller 2-main shaft 5 system, manifesting as an equivalent damping force on the relative motion of the platform. Under energy balance:

[0065] VIII

[0066] in Power dissipation (W). Relative linear velocity along the mooring line direction. An equivalent linear damping coefficient can be defined. :

[0067] IX

[0068] Therefore, we can conclude that:

[0069] X

[0070] When the geometric relationships of the device are determined, it can be used Let λ(0-1) represent the internal velocity proportionality coefficient caused by motion in the mooring direction. Substituting equations (I)-(VII) into the equations, we can obtain... The monotonic adjustable characteristic that varies with the excitation current enables active adjustment of the mooring system damping; the formula gives the final mapping relationship from the internal dissipation of the device to the equivalent damping in the mooring direction. The feasibility of the scheme in this embodiment is demonstrated.

[0071] (4) Explanation of the conversion of force into resistance in water flow sloshing (wave reciprocating flow):

[0072] In the reciprocating flow field caused by waves, It exhibits an approximately sinusoidal variation and can be written as From formula (I), it can be seen that hydrodynamics includes... The second-order nonlinear term has an average power dissipation over one period as follows:

[0073] XI

[0074] because and same direction and with Proportional A positive value indicates that the kinetic energy of the reciprocating water flow is absorbed by the impeller 2 and dissipated by magnetorheological shear, which macroscopically manifests as a resistance (damping) effect opposite to the direction of motion.

[0075] The significance of expression XI in this embodiment is that researchers may have a question: in the wave reciprocating flow, u(t) is alternating between positive and negative. Will this device "do work in half a cycle and cancel it out in half a cycle", resulting in no energy consumption (or no effective damping) on ​​average? However, expression (XI) gives the average power dissipation in one cycle in the reciprocating flow field and states that it is a positive value, indicating that the kinetic energy of the reciprocating water flow can be absorbed by impeller 2 and dissipated by magnetorheological shear. Macroscopically, this manifests as a resistance effect opposite to the direction of motion. Therefore, the device can still provide effective damping under the wave reciprocating flow condition.

[0076] Based on this data and control strategy, the control unit automatically adjusts the current output to the electromagnetic excitation component 34, thereby achieving adaptive real-time adjustment of the damping force. The power generation and energy storage system 4 is also equipped with an interface supporting external power supply, allowing connection to an external power source under special circumstances.

[0077] Example 2:

[0078] A floating offshore wind turbine, reference Figure 7 Referring to the accompanying drawings of Embodiment 1, the system includes a floating wind turbine platform 7, a mooring system, and the self-powered damping adjustable device from Embodiment 1. The damping adjustable device is connected in series in the mooring chain 8. The functional control module interacts with the main control system of the floating wind turbine platform 7 via an underwater acoustic communication module, adjusting the damping force in real time according to the platform's motion state. In Embodiment 1, the power generation and energy storage system 4 is also equipped with an external power supply interface 44 that supports external power supply. This interface can directly receive the electrical energy generated by the floating wind turbine platform 7 and charge the battery 43, enhancing the system's reliability.

[0079] Example 3:

[0080] The difference from Embodiment 1 lies in that this embodiment aims to provide a simplified magnetorheological damper prototype for flume testing. Its core purpose is to visually verify the feasibility of the invention's core principles through a simple, low-cost test prototype. This prototype is a scaled-down model used to simulate the damping effect of mooring chain 8 in a wave flume. Its goal is to clearly observe significant differences in the amplitude of motion of the moored float by manually changing the magnetic field.

[0081] As a simplified and low-cost experimental model implementation, the outer shell 1 can be made of a high-strength transparent acrylic tube, with both ends sealed with metal end caps 15 with standard threads. The impeller 2 and brake disc 31 can be integrally injection molded from engineering plastic, with a stainless steel main shaft 5 embedded inside. The main shaft 5 achieves a static seal with the end caps 15 via O-rings. The electromagnetic excitation assembly 34 can be simplified to two powerful neodymium iron boron permanent magnets. The magnetic field strength acting on the magnetorheological fluid 33 is changed by manually adjusting the distance between the magnets and the acrylic tube wall, thereby achieving coarse adjustment of the damping force. This design facilitates direct observation of the working state of the magnetorheological fluid 33 and verification of its basic principles in a laboratory environment.

[0082] As for the control and sensing in this embodiment, there is no need to integrate a control module. Damping adjustment is achieved by manually moving the permanent magnet. The effect is verified by measuring the motion decay time of the floating body through a high-speed camera or motion capture system.

[0083] The specific operating procedure for the experiment is as follows:

[0084] S1: Install the experimental model in the water tank experiment to simulate one end of the mooring line;

[0085] S2: The wave generator produces regular waves, which stimulate the movement of the floating body;

[0086] S3 (First Experiment): Move the permanent magnet away to make the magnetic field weakest and record the decay time of the floating body's motion.

[0087] S4 (Second test): Place the permanent magnet tightly against the outer shell 1 to make the magnetic field strongest, and record the decay time of the floating body's motion.

[0088] S5: Comparing the decay times of the two experiments, it can be clearly observed that the decay time is shortened under a strong magnetic field, proving the principle of adjustable damping.

[0089] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0090] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A self-powered, damping adjustable device, characterized in that, include: The outer shell (1) has standard connection interfaces at both ends for connecting the mooring chain (8) in series; The impeller (2) is rotatably disposed in the water channel (11) inside the housing (1); The damping adjustment unit (3) is located inside the housing (1) and includes a brake disc (31), a sealed cavity (32), a magnetorheological fluid (33), and an electromagnetic excitation assembly (34). The brake disc (31) is coaxially connected to the impeller (2) and is at least partially immersed in the sealed cavity (32) filled with the magnetorheological fluid (33). The water channel (11) is isolated from the sealed cavity (32). The electromagnetic excitation assembly (34) is located outside the sealed cavity (32) and is used to generate a magnetic field perpendicular to the shear direction of the brake disc (31). The shear resistance of the magnetorheological fluid (33) is adjusted by changing the magnetic field strength to achieve damping control.

2. The self-powered damping adjustable device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a functional control module, which is electrically connected to the damping adjustment unit (3). The functional control module includes a control unit and a power generation and energy storage system (4). The control unit is electrically connected to the electromagnetic excitation component (34) and is used to adjust the excitation current of the electromagnetic excitation component (34) according to the received control signal. The power generation and energy storage system (4) is located outside the housing (1) and is electrically connected to the control unit.

3. The self-powered damping adjustable device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The brake disc (31) and the impeller (2) are coaxially connected through the main shaft (5). The outer shell (1) is a streamlined shell made of alloy. Its internal sealed cavity (32) is dynamically isolated from the main shaft (5) through a magnetic fluid sealing mechanism. The electromagnetic excitation assembly (34) includes an excitation coil and a magnetic housing. The magnetic housing forms a magnetic circuit and wraps around the excitation coil.

4. The self-powered damping adjustable device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer shell (1) is connected to the mooring chain (8) via a universal adapter (6), allowing the device to adaptively adjust its orientation under the action of multi-directional water flow.

5. The self-powered damping adjustable device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power generation and energy storage system (4) includes a generator (41) coaxially connected to the impeller (2), a power management module (42) and a battery (43); the generator (41) converts the rotational kinetic energy of the impeller (2) into electrical energy, which is then regulated by the power management module (42) and stored in the battery (43), and supplies power to the electromagnetic excitation assembly (34) and the control unit.

6. The self-powered damping adjustable device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer shell (1) is divided into an inlet chamber (111) and a flow channel rear chamber (112) by an inner shell (16); the impeller (2) is housed in the inlet chamber (111), and the sealing cavity (32) is housed in the flow channel rear chamber (112); a shaft bracket (12) is mounted between the inlet chamber (111) and the flow channel rear chamber (112) to support the main shaft (5), and the shaft bracket (12) has a shaft bracket through hole (121) connecting the inlet chamber (111) and the flow channel rear chamber (112); the inlet chamber (111) and the flow channel rear chamber (112) are respectively connected to the external liquid environment.

7. The self-powered damping adjustable device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sealing cavity (32) is coaxially fixed inside the inner shell (16) by a front support ring (13) and a rear support ring (14) arranged sequentially along the water flow direction; both the front support ring (13) and the rear support ring (14) are provided with a number of ring disc through holes (101) in the circumferential direction.

8. The self-powered damping adjustable device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer shell (1) also includes an end cap (15), which is fixed to the inlet side of the water inlet chamber (111) by fasteners; the end cap (15) has a mooring chain (8) connection part at the center, and several flow holes (151) are opened around it.

9. The self-powered damping adjustable device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The power generation and energy storage system (4) is also equipped with an external power supply interface (44).

10. A floating offshore wind turbine, comprising a floating wind turbine platform (7), a mooring system, and a self-powered damping adjustable device as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The adjustable damping device is connected in series in the mooring chain (8).

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