Adjustable passive solar heating and heat insulation system for building outer wall

Abstract

The invention discloses an adjustable passive solar heating and heat insulation system for a building outer wall, which comprises an outer heat insulation plate, one side of the outer heat insulation plate is provided with an outer heat insulation frame, and one end of the outer heat insulation frame is provided with hollow toughened glass; a heat absorption cavity is formed among the outer heat insulation plate, the hollow tempered glass and the outer heat insulation frame, a plurality of solar heat absorption and release / heat insulation assemblies are arranged in the heat absorption cavity in a turnover mode in a shutter mode, each solar heat absorption and release / heat insulation assembly comprises a middle shaft, and a blackening aluminum corrugated plate with efficient heat absorption and heat dissipation performance is fixedly arranged on each middle shaft. One side of the blackening aluminum corrugated plate is of a corrugated structure, and the other side of the blackening aluminum corrugated plate is fixedly provided with a heat insulation layer. According to the solar heat absorption and release / heat insulation assembly, switching of solar heat absorption and release or heat insulation functions can be achieved through vertical or transverse state adjustment, the whole system is designed in an integrated and adjustable mode, solar energy collection, storage, heating and building heat insulation requirements are successfully and dynamically combined, and remarkable economic and social benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar heating technology for building construction, and more particularly to an adjustable passive solar heating and insulation system for building exterior walls. Background Technology

[0002] With the transformation of the global energy structure and the increasing demands for building energy efficiency, solar energy, as a clean and renewable energy source, is receiving increasing attention in the field of building heating. Building energy consumption accounts for a large proportion of global total energy consumption, with winter heating energy consumption being particularly prominent. In cold and frigid regions, traditional heating methods mainly rely on fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas, which not only consume large amounts of non-renewable resources but also generate greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. Therefore, developing efficient and environmentally friendly solar heating technology is of great significance for reducing building energy consumption, reducing carbon emissions, and achieving sustainable development.

[0003] However, existing passive solar heating and thermal storage systems for building exterior walls still face some significant technical limitations and challenges in practical applications: The design of current passive solar heating systems often focuses solely on winter heating, lacking comprehensive consideration of summer insulation needs. In summer, existing thermal storage walls may absorb excessive solar radiation, leading to indoor overheating and increased cooling load; the systems also lack an effective mechanism for switching operating modes in different seasons and time periods. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an adjustable passive solar heating and thermal insulation system for building exterior walls. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adjustable passive solar heating and insulation system for building exterior walls, thereby solving the technical problems mentioned in the background section.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention discloses an adjustable passive solar heating and insulation system for building exterior walls, comprising an external insulation panel fixedly installed on the outdoor side of the building exterior wall; an external insulation frame fixedly installed on the side of the external insulation panel away from the building exterior wall; and a hollow tempered glass with a vacuum layer installed at the end of the external insulation frame away from the external insulation panel. A heat absorption cavity is formed between the external insulation panel, the hollow tempered glass, and the inner wall of the external insulation frame. A horizontal upper baffle and a lower baffle made of insulating material are fixedly installed on the side of the external insulation panel located in the heat absorption cavity near its upper and lower ends, respectively. Multiple solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation components are evenly spaced and rotatably arranged in a louvered manner within the heat absorption cavity. When the multiple solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation components are in a vertical position, they are seamlessly arranged on the upper and lower baffles. When the multiple solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation components are in a horizontal position, the horizontal contour of each solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation component matches the cross-sectional contour of the heat absorption cavity. Each solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation component includes a central shaft forming a louver structure. A blackened aluminum corrugated plate with high-efficiency heat absorption and heat dissipation performance is fixedly installed on the central shaft. One side of the blackened aluminum corrugated plate is set with a corrugated structure, and the other side of the blackened aluminum corrugated plate is fixedly installed with an insulation layer. By adjusting the vertical or horizontal position of the multiple solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation components, the function of solar energy absorption / excitation or insulation can be switched. The upper and lower ends of the external insulation plate are respectively provided with external air inlets and external air outlets. The external air inlets and external air outlets are respectively connected to the air inlet channel and air outlet channel fixedly installed on the exterior wall of the building.

[0006] Furthermore, the external heat insulation panel includes an external heat insulation panel structural layer one and an external heat insulation panel structural layer two spaced apart, with an external heat insulation layer filling the space between the external heat insulation panel structural layer one and the external heat insulation panel structural layer two. The external heat insulation panel structural layer one and the external heat insulation panel structural layer two are both made of 304 stainless steel, and the external heat insulation layer is made of rigid polyurethane foam.

[0007] Furthermore, the outer heat insulation frame includes a square-shaped outer heat insulation frame structure layer one, and an outer heat insulation frame structure layer two is sleeved on the outside of the outer heat insulation frame structure layer one. There is a gap between the outer peripheral wall of the outer heat insulation frame structure layer one and the inner peripheral wall of the outer heat insulation frame structure layer two, which is filled with an outer heat insulation frame insulation layer. The outer heat insulation frame structure layer one and the outer heat insulation frame structure layer two are made of 304 stainless steel, and the outer heat insulation frame insulation layer is made of rigid polyurethane foam.

[0008] Furthermore, the air intake channel includes an inner air intake cylinder, and an outer air intake cylinder is fitted around the inner air intake cylinder. A gap exists between the inner circumferential wall of the outer air intake cylinder and the outer circumferential wall of the inner air intake cylinder, and this gap is filled with an air intake channel insulation layer. Both the inner and outer air intake cylinders are made of 304 stainless steel, and the insulation layer is made of rigid polyurethane foam. The air return channel includes an inner air return cylinder, and an outer air return cylinder is fitted around the inner air return cylinder. A gap exists between the inner and outer circumferential walls of the outer air return cylinder and is filled with an air return channel insulation layer. Both the inner and outer air return cylinders are made of 304 stainless steel, and the insulation layer is made of rigid polyurethane foam.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes an inner heat insulation panel fixedly installed on the interior side of the building's exterior wall. An inner heat insulation frame is fixedly installed on the side of the inner heat insulation panel away from the building's exterior wall. A heat dissipation plate is installed at the end of the inner heat insulation frame away from the inner heat insulation panel. A heat storage cavity is formed between the inner heat insulation panel, the heat dissipation plate, and the inner wall of the inner heat insulation frame. Multiple heat storage elements are evenly fixedly installed in a rectangular array on the side of the heat dissipation plate facing the heat storage cavity. An inner air inlet and an inner air return hole are respectively opened at the upper and lower ends of the inner heat insulation panel. The inner air inlet and the inner air return hole are connected to the air inlet channel and the air return channel, respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, the inner heat insulation board includes an inner heat insulation board structural layer one and an inner heat insulation board structural layer two spaced apart, and an inner heat insulation layer is filled between the inner heat insulation board structural layer one and the inner heat insulation board structural layer two. The inner heat insulation board structural layer one and the inner heat insulation board structural layer two are both made of 304 stainless steel, and the inner heat insulation layer is made of rigid polyurethane foam.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner heat insulation frame includes a square-shaped inner heat insulation frame structure layer one, and an inner heat insulation frame structure layer two is sleeved on the outside of the inner heat insulation frame structure layer one. There is a gap between the outer peripheral wall of the inner heat insulation frame structure layer one and the inner peripheral wall of the inner heat insulation frame structure layer one, which is filled with an inner heat insulation frame insulation layer. The inner heat insulation frame structure layer one and the inner heat insulation frame structure layer two are made of 304 stainless steel, and the inner heat insulation frame insulation layer is made of rigid polyurethane foam.

[0012] Furthermore, multiple heat dissipation grilles are fixedly and evenly spaced on the side of the heat dissipation plate facing the room. The multiple heat dissipation grilles and the heat dissipation plate are an integral structure. The heat dissipation plate and the heat dissipation grilles are made of aluminum. A metal decorative mesh cover is fixedly installed on the outside of the multiple heat dissipation grilles on the heat dissipation plate.

[0013] Furthermore, each of the heat storage components includes a heat storage tube core, one end of which is fixedly provided with a connecting plate, the connecting plate being fixedly connected to the heat dissipation plate, and a plurality of heat storage fins communicating with the interior of the heat storage tube core are uniformly fixedly provided along the circumference, and the inner cavity of the heat storage tube core and the heat storage fins is filled with heat storage material.

[0014] Furthermore, the inner air inlet and the inner air outlet are each uniformly provided with louvered opening and closing gates made of heat-insulating material.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows: In this invention, the blackened aluminum corrugated plate of the solar heat absorption / heat insulation component serves as a highly efficient solar collector and heat sink. Its high absorptivity and high emissivity, combined with the large heat exchange area brought by the corrugated structure, greatly improve the heat collection and heat dissipation efficiency.

[0016] A louvered adjustment mechanism composed of multiple solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation components enables the switching of the entire system's winter and summer operating modes. During the heating season, the blackened aluminum corrugated plates of each solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation component, positioned vertically and facing the hollow tempered glass, effectively absorb solar radiation and transfer heat to the interior. During the hot season, the components are adjusted to a horizontal position with the insulation layer on their upper surface, reducing the absorption of solar heat. The horizontally positioned components also block airflow within the heat absorption chamber, and the closed gate prevents heat transfer. Furthermore, the external insulation panel, inner and outer insulation frames, and air inlet and outlet channels all employ a sandwich insulation structure consisting of a 304 stainless steel structural layer and a rigid polyurethane foam insulation layer, achieving full-path airflow insulation. This minimizes heat loss to the outside in winter and effectively prevents the transfer of high outdoor temperatures in summer.

[0017] This invention utilizes the principle of hot air rising and cold air sinking during the heating process to form a passive air heat exchange circulation loop that requires no power, resulting in zero energy consumption and no operating noise. By leveraging the high thermal conductivity of the aluminum heat sink and the large heat dissipation area of ​​the heat dissipation grille structure, rapid and uniform radiation and convection of heat into the room are achieved, effectively improving indoor heating efficiency. Furthermore, this invention encapsulates graphene-modified phase change material within a finned heat storage component and tightly integrates it with the heat sink. Excess heat stored during the day can be released at night, smoothing out diurnal temperature fluctuations.

[0018] In summary, the entire system of this invention, through its integrated and adjustable modular design, successfully combines the collection, storage, heating, and building insulation needs of solar energy, resulting in significant economic and social benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the usage of Embodiment 1 of the present invention during the heating season. Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the usage of Embodiment 1 of the present invention during the hot season. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the solar heat absorption / release / insulation component structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the heat sink structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the expansion anchor nail structure in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Building exterior wall; 2. External insulation panel; 2-1. External insulation panel structural layer one; 2-2. External heat insulation panel structural layer two; 2-3, external heat insulation panel insulation layer; 2-4, external air inlet; 2-5, external air return; 3. Outer heat insulation frame; 3-1. Outer heat insulation frame structural layer one; 3-2. Outer heat insulation frame structural layer two; 3-3. Outer heat insulation frame heat insulation layer; 4. Insulating tempered glass; 5. Heat absorption cavity; 6. Solar heat absorption / release / insulation component; 6-1. Central axis; 6-2. Blackened aluminum corrugated plate; 6-3. Insulation layer; 7. Air intake channel; 7-1. Inner air intake cylinder; 7-2. Outer air intake cylinder; 7-3. Air intake channel insulation layer 8. Heat return layer; 8-1. Inner cylinder for heat return; 8-2. Outer cylinder for heat return; 8-3. Heat return channel insulation layer; 9. Inner insulation plate; 9-1. Inner insulation plate structural layer one; 9-2. Inner insulation plate structural layer two; 9-3. Inner insulation plate insulation layer; 9-4. Inner air inlet; 9-5. Inner air return hole; 10. Inner insulation frame; 10-1. Inner insulation frame structural layer one; 10-2. Inner insulation frame Structural layer two; 10-3, Inner insulation frame insulation layer; 11, Heat dissipation plate; 11-1, Heat dissipation grille; 12, Metal decorative mesh cover; 13, Heat storage chamber; 14, Heat storage component; 14-1, Heat storage tube core; 14-2, Connecting plate; 14-3, Heat storage fins; 15, Expansion anchor; 15-1, Main anchor; 15-1-1, Threaded hole; 15-1-2, Inner cavity; 15-1-3, Guide... 15-2. Through hole; 15-3. Outer end seat; 15-4. Stabilizing screw; 15-5. Screw; 15-6. Force application rod; 15-7. Feed rod; 15-8. Extrusion head; 15-9. Force receiving plate; 15-10. Connecting rod; 15-11. Radial anchor cone; 15-12. Spring; 15-13. Limiting sleeve; 15-14. Slide seat; 16. Upper baffle; 17. Lower baffle; 18. Opening and closing gate. Detailed Implementation

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, an adjustable passive solar heating and insulation system for building exterior walls includes an external insulation panel 2 fixedly installed on the outdoor side of the building exterior wall 1. The external insulation panel 2 includes an external insulation panel structural layer 2-1 and an external insulation panel structural layer 2-2 spaced apart. The external insulation panel structural layer 2-1 is attached to the outdoor side of the building exterior wall 1. An external insulation panel insulation layer 2-3 is filled between the external insulation panel structural layer 2-1 and the external insulation panel structural layer 2-2. The external insulation panel structural layer 2-1 and the external insulation panel structural layer 2-2 are both made of 304 stainless steel, and the external insulation panel insulation layer 2-3 is made of rigid polyurethane foam. The external insulation panel 2 provides stable structural strength through the external insulation panel structural layer 2-1 and the external insulation panel structural layer 2-2, and the 60mm thick rigid polyurethane foam filling of the external insulation panel insulation layer 2-3 gives it good thermal insulation performance.

[0022] An external insulation frame 3 is fixedly installed on the side of the external insulation panel 2 away from the building's exterior wall 1. The external insulation frame 3 includes a square-shaped external insulation frame structure layer 3-1, and an external insulation frame structure layer 3-2 is fitted on the outside of the external insulation frame structure layer 3-1. The external insulation frame structure layer 3-1 and the external insulation frame structure layer 3-2 are made of 304 stainless steel, and the inner wall of the external insulation frame structure layer 3-1 is fixedly connected to the external insulation panel structure layer 2-1 and the external insulation panel structure layer 2-2 by welding. There is a gap between the outer peripheral wall of the external insulation frame structure layer 3-1 and the inner peripheral wall of the external insulation frame structure layer 3-2, which is filled with an external insulation frame insulation layer 3-3. The external insulation frame insulation layer 3-3 is made of rigid polyurethane foam.

[0023] A hollow tempered glass 4 with a vacuum layer is fixedly installed at the end of the outer heat insulation frame 3 away from the outer heat insulation plate 2. The vacuum layer of the hollow tempered glass 4 is approximately 10 mm thick. A heat absorption cavity 5 is formed between the outer heat insulation plate 2, the hollow tempered glass 4, and the inner wall of the outer heat insulation frame 3. A horizontal upper baffle 16 and a lower baffle 17 made of heat insulation material are fixedly installed on one side of the outer heat insulation plate 2 located in the heat absorption cavity 5, near the upper and lower ends, respectively.

[0024] Multiple solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation components 6 are evenly spaced and rotatably installed in a louvered manner within the heat absorption cavity 5. When in a vertical position, these components are seamlessly arranged between the upper baffle 16 and the lower baffle 17. When in a horizontal position, the horizontal profile of each component matches the cross-sectional profile of the heat absorption cavity. The louvered structure formed by the multiple solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation components 6 in this example operates on the same principle as common rotatable louvered structures, and its specific driving method can be manual (zero energy consumption), which will not be elaborated upon in this specification. Each of the solar energy heat absorption / heat insulation components 6 includes a central shaft 6-1 rotatably connected to the two inner walls of the outer heat insulation frame 3 in the vertical direction. A blackened aluminum corrugated plate 6-2 with high heat absorption and dissipation performance is fixedly mounted on the central shaft 6-1. The blackened aluminum corrugated plate 6-2 has very low reflectivity and high absorptivity to solar radiation (especially visible and near-infrared bands), meaning that the vast majority of solar energy irradiated onto it is absorbed and converted into heat energy. Furthermore, blackened aluminum is an excellent thermal conductor; once its surface absorbs heat, the heat can be quickly dissipated into the heat absorption cavity 5 and heat the air circulating in the heat absorption cavity 5. In this embodiment, the central shaft 6-1 is also made of blackened aluminum, possessing the same heat absorption and dissipation performance as the blackened aluminum corrugated plate 6-2. Moreover, in this embodiment, one side of the blackened aluminum corrugated plate 6-2 has a corrugated structure, giving it a larger heat exchange area, thereby effectively improving heat absorption and dissipation efficiency. An insulation layer 6-3 is fixedly provided on the other side of the blackened aluminum corrugated plate 6-2. The insulation layer has an extremely low thermal conductivity (its specific material can be aerogel felt) and plays a role in isolating the blackened aluminum corrugated plate 6-2 from heat absorption and reducing the absorption of solar radiation heat.

[0025] The upper and lower ends of the external heat insulation plate 2 are respectively provided with external air inlet 3-4 and external air return 3-5. The external air inlet 3-4 and external air return 3-5 are respectively connected to the air inlet channel 7 and air return channel 8 which are fixedly installed on the building exterior wall 1.

[0026] In this example, the air intake channel 7 includes an inner air intake cylinder 7-1, and an outer air intake cylinder 7-2 is fitted around the inner air intake cylinder 7-1. A gap exists between the inner circumferential wall of the outer air intake cylinder 7-2 and the outer circumferential wall of the inner air intake cylinder 7-1, and this gap is filled with an air intake channel insulation layer 7-3. The outer air intake cylinder 7-2 is fixedly inserted into the building's exterior wall 1. The inner air intake cylinder 7-1 is connected to the outer air intake hole 2-4. The air intake channel insulation layer 7-3 provides thermal insulation to prevent heat loss to the building wall 1. Both the inner air intake cylinder 7-1 and the outer air intake cylinder 7-2 are made of 304 stainless steel, and the air intake channel insulation layer 7-3 is made of rigid polyurethane foam.

[0027] The return air channel 8 includes an inner return air cylinder 8-1, and an outer return air cylinder 8-2 is fitted around the inner return air cylinder 8-1. A gap exists between the inner circumferential wall of the outer return air cylinder 8-2 and the outer circumferential wall of the inner return air cylinder 8-1, and this gap is filled with a return air channel insulation layer 8-3. The outer return air cylinder 8-2 is fixedly inserted into the building's exterior wall 1. The inner return air cylinder 8-1 is connected to the outer return air hole 2-5. The return air channel insulation layer 8-3 provides thermal insulation to prevent heat loss to the building wall 1. Both the inner return air cylinder 8-1 and the outer return air cylinder 8-2 are made of 304 stainless steel, and the return air channel insulation layer 8-3 is made of rigid polyurethane foam.

[0028] In addition, the present invention also includes an internal insulation panel 9 fixedly installed on the indoor side of the building's exterior wall 1. The internal insulation panel 9 includes an inner insulation panel structural layer 9-1 and an inner insulation panel structural layer 9-2 spaced apart. The inner insulation panel structural layer 9-1 is attached to the indoor side of the building's exterior wall 1. An inner insulation panel insulation layer 9-3 is filled between the inner insulation panel structural layer 9-1 and the inner insulation panel structural layer 9-2. The inner insulation panel structural layer 9-1 and the inner insulation panel structural layer 9-2 are both made of 304 stainless steel, and the inner insulation panel insulation layer 9-3 is made of rigid polyurethane foam. The internal insulation panel 9 provides stable structural strength through the inner insulation panel structural layer 9-1 and the inner insulation panel structural layer 9-2, and the 60mm thick rigid polyurethane foam filling of the inner insulation panel insulation layer 9-3 gives it good thermal insulation performance.

[0029] An inner insulation frame 10 is fixedly installed on the side of the inner insulation panel 9 away from the building's outer wall 1. The inner insulation frame 10 includes a square-shaped inner insulation frame structure layer 10-1. An inner insulation frame structure layer 2 10-2 is sleeved on the outside of the inner insulation frame structure layer 10-1. The inner insulation frame structure layer 10-1 and the inner insulation frame structure layer 2 10-2 are made of 304 stainless steel. The inner insulation frame structure layer 10-1 is fixedly connected to the inner insulation panel structure layer 9-1 and the inner insulation panel structure layer 9-2 by welding.

[0030] There is a gap between the outer peripheral wall of the inner heat insulation frame structure layer 10-1 and the inner peripheral wall of the inner heat insulation frame structure layer 10-2, which is filled with the inner heat insulation frame insulation layer 10-3. The inner heat insulation frame structure layer 10-1 and the inner heat insulation frame structure layer 10-2 are made of 304 stainless steel, and the inner heat insulation frame insulation layer 10-3 is made of rigid polyurethane foam.

[0031] A heat dissipation plate 11 is provided at one end of the inner heat insulation frame 10 away from the inner heat insulation board 9. Multiple heat dissipation grilles 11-1 are fixedly arranged at even intervals on the side of the heat dissipation plate 11 facing the room. The multiple heat dissipation grilles 11-1 and the heat dissipation plate 11 are an integral structure. The heat dissipation plate 11 and the heat dissipation grilles 11-1 are made of aluminum. A metal decorative mesh cover 12 is fixedly arranged on the outside of the multiple heat dissipation grilles 11-1 on the heat dissipation plate 11.

[0032] In this embodiment, the rigid polyurethane foam material used in the outer heat insulation board insulation layer 2-3, the outer heat insulation frame insulation layer 3-3, the inner heat insulation board insulation layer 9-3, and the inner heat insulation frame insulation layer 10-3 is an example of a flame-retardant material. In addition to rigid polyurethane foam, other thermal insulation materials can also be used.

[0033] A heat storage cavity 13 is formed between the inner heat insulation plate 9, the heat dissipation plate 11, and the inner wall of the inner heat insulation frame 10. Multiple heat storage components 14 are uniformly fixedly installed in a rectangular array on the side of the heat dissipation plate 11 facing the heat storage cavity 13. The upper and lower ends of the inner heat insulation plate 9 are respectively provided with an inner air inlet 9-4 and an inner air return 9-5, which are connected to the air inlet channel 7 and the air return channel 8, respectively.

[0034] Each of the heat storage components 14 includes a heat storage core 14-1, one end of which is fixedly provided with a connecting plate 14-2. The connecting plate 14-2 is fixedly connected to the heat dissipation plate 11 by a plurality of connecting screws evenly arranged along its circumference. A plurality of heat storage fins 14-3, which are connected to the interior of the heat storage core 14-1, are evenly fixedly arranged along its circumference. The heat storage core 14-1 and the plurality of heat storage fins 14-3 are made of stainless steel. The inner cavity of the heat storage core 14-1 and the heat storage fins 14-3 is filled with heat storage material. In this example, the heat storage material is specifically selected from the graphene-modified phase change heat storage material with high heat storage efficiency and stability disclosed in CN114507509A.

[0035] In addition, in this embodiment, the outer heat insulation layer 3 and the inner heat insulation layer 9 are respectively fixedly connected to the building exterior wall 1 by a plurality of expansion anchors 15.

[0036] The specific working principle of this invention is as follows: During the winter heating season, such as Figure 1As shown, each of the solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation components 6 is in a vertical state, and the ends of each two adjacent solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation components 6 abut against each other. The uppermost solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation component 6 abuts against the free end of the upper baffle 16, and the lowermost solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation component abuts against the free end of the lower baffle 17. Thus, the multiple vertical solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation components 6 divide the heat absorption chamber into two independent chambers. The blackened aluminum corrugated plates 6-2 of each solar heat absorption / insulation component 6, which are arranged vertically, face the hollow tempered glass 4. Sunlight shines through the hollow tempered glass 4 onto each of the blackened aluminum corrugated plates 6-2. After absorbing the heat from the solar radiation, the surface temperature of the blackened aluminum corrugated plates 6-2 rises, which in turn heats the air located between the vacuum tempered glass 4 and the multiple solar heat absorption / insulation components 6. After the air is heated, it moves upward inside the heat absorption cavity 5 and enters the heat storage cavity 13 through the external air inlet 2-4, the air inlet channel 7, and the internal air inlet 9-4. The hot air exchanges heat with the heat dissipation plate 11 in the heat storage cavity 13. After the heat dissipation plate 11 absorbs heat and rises in temperature, it dissipates the heat into the room, thereby achieving the effect of heating the room. In addition, the multiple heat dissipation grilles 11-1 on the heat dissipation plate 11 can increase the heat dissipation area of ​​the heat dissipation plate 11, thereby effectively improving the heat dissipation effect. The air that has absorbed heat from the heat dissipation plate 11 flows downward inside the heat storage chamber 13 and returns to the heat absorption chamber 5 through the inner return air hole 9-5, the return air channel 8, and the outer return air hole 2-5. This cycle repeats continuously, achieving a passive solar airflow heating effect, which can effectively reduce the energy consumption for indoor heating in buildings during winter.

[0037] In addition, multiple heat storage components 14 are installed in the heat storage chamber 13 in this embodiment. When hot air enters the heat storage chamber, the heat storage materials in the multiple heat storage components 14 will also absorb heat from the air and store the heat. When it is night or in weather with insufficient sunlight that solar-heated airflow circulation cannot be achieved, the heat stored in the heat storage components 14 will be released to the outside, thereby continuing to heat the room through the heat dissipation plate 11.

[0038] When heating is not needed during the hot season, such as Figure 2 As shown, the solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation components 6 are kept in a horizontal position by means of the louver structure, and the insulation layer 6-3 of each solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation component 6 is located on its upper surface. The insulation layer 6-3 has a low solar heat absorption rate and blocks the heat absorption cavity 5 from the air inlet channel 7 and the air return channel 8. Moreover, the heat radiation from the sun can be effectively reduced to the room by the outer heat insulation plate 2 and the inner heat insulation plate 9, thereby avoiding the overheating of the building interior in summer.

[0039] As a further improvement to this example, louvered opening and closing gates 18 are evenly arranged on the inner air inlet 9-4 and the inner air return 9-5. The louver structure formed by the opening and closing gates 18 is based on the same principle as the common flip-up louver structure, and its specific driving method can be manually driven (zero energy consumption), which will not be described in detail in this specification. During the winter heating season, the opening and closing gates 18 are in a horizontal position, thereby keeping the air inlet channel 7, the air return channel 8 and the heat storage chamber 13 in a connected state, ensuring normal hot air circulation. At night during the heating season or in the hot season, the opening and closing gates 18 are in a vertical position, closing the inner air inlet 9-4 and the inner air return 9-5, keeping the air inlet channel 7, the air return channel 8 and the heat storage chamber 13 in an isolated state, thereby preventing the heat in the heat storage chamber 13 from dissipating outward at night during the heating season and preventing outdoor heat radiation to the heat storage chamber and the room during the hot season. In this embodiment, the opening and closing gates 18 are made of heat-insulating material to isolate heat transmission.

[0040] Example 2 This embodiment further defines the structure of the expansion anchor 15 without changing the other structures of Embodiment 1.

[0041] like Figures 5-6As shown, the main anchor 15-1, including an expansion anchor 15, penetrates the outer insulation board 2 or the inner insulation board 9 and is embedded inside the building exterior wall 1. An outer end seat 15-2 is fixedly installed on the outside of one end of the main anchor 15-1 located on the outer side of the outer insulation board 2 or the inner insulation board 9. The outer end seat 15-2 is fixedly connected to the outer insulation board 2 or the inner insulation board 9 by a plurality of anchoring screws 15-3 evenly arranged along its circumference. The main anchor 15-1 has a threaded hole 15-1-1 and an inner cavity 15-1-2 sequentially opened from its outer end. A matching screw 15-4 is installed in the threaded hole 15-1-1. Two force-applying rods 15-5 are symmetrically fixedly installed at one end of the screw 15-4 located outside the main anchor 15-1. The other end of the screw 15-4 extends into the interior of the inner cavity 15-1-2 and is fixedly connected to the feed rod 15-6. Multiple frustum-shaped extrusion heads 15-7 are evenly spaced and fixedly arranged on the feed rod 15-6. Multiple force-bearing plates 15-8 are evenly fixedly arranged circumferentially on the inner cavity 15-1-2 at locations corresponding to each extrusion head 15-7. The inner wall of each force-bearing plate 15-8 is configured as a conical structure that matches the outer peripheral wall of the extrusion head 15-7. A connecting rod 15-9 and a radial anchor cone 15-10 are fixedly arranged at both ends of the outer wall of each force-bearing plate 15-8. The connecting rod 15-9 is fixedly connected to a spring 15-11 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main anchor 15-1. The radial anchor cone 15-10 is slidably engaged with a guide hole 15-1-3 on the peripheral wall of the main anchor 15-1.

[0042] In this embodiment, after the initial fixed connection between the outer heat insulation board 2 or the inner heat insulation board 9 and the building exterior wall 1 is achieved by the main anchor 15-1, the main anchor 15-1 is fixed to the outer heat insulation board 2 or the inner heat insulation board 9 by multiple anchoring screws 15-3. Then, the installer drives the screw 15-4 to rotate by the force bar 15-5 outside the screw 15-4. Since the screw 15-4 is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole 15-1-1 on the main anchor 15-1, the screw 15-4 will also rotate during the rotation process. The circumferential feeding action pushes the feed rod 15-6 to move inward toward the main anchor 15-1. As each extrusion head 15-7 moves with the feed rod 15-6, it extrudes multiple force-bearing plates 15-8 on its outer periphery to move outward toward the main anchor 15-1. This causes multiple radial anchor cones 15-10 to extend outward toward the outside of the main anchor 15-1 and anchor in the outer wall, thereby effectively improving the connection strength between the inner and outer insulation panels and the building's outer wall and preventing the installation components from falling off the building's outer wall.

[0043] The inner wall of the main anchor 15-1 is fixedly provided with limiting sleeves 15-12 at positions corresponding to each connecting rod 15-9. Each connecting rod 15-9 slides with a limiting through hole opened at the free end of the corresponding limiting sleeve 15-12 and extends into the interior of the limiting sleeve 15-12. A slide block 15-13 is fixedly provided at one end of the connecting rod 15-9 inside the limiting sleeve 15-12, which slides with the inner wall of the limiting sleeve 15-12. The spring 15-11 is fixedly disposed between the slide block 15-13 and the inner wall of the main anchor 15-1. Through the sliding limiting engagement of the slide block 15-13 and the limiting sleeve 15-12, the stability of the linear movement of the connecting rod 15-9 and the force-bearing plate 15-8 along the radial direction of the main anchor 15-1 is ensured.

[0044] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable passive solar heating and insulation system for building exterior walls, characterized in that: The system includes an external heat insulation panel fixedly installed on the exterior wall of a building on the outdoor side. An external heat insulation frame is fixedly installed on the side of the external heat insulation panel away from the building's exterior wall. A hollow tempered glass unit with a vacuum layer is installed at the end of the external heat insulation frame away from the external heat insulation panel. A heat absorption cavity is formed between the external heat insulation panel, the hollow tempered glass, and the inner wall of the external heat insulation frame. Horizontal upper and lower baffles made of heat-insulating material are fixedly installed on the side of the external heat insulation panel located in the heat storage cavity, near its upper and lower ends. Multiple solar heat absorption / release / insulation components are evenly spaced and rotatably arranged in a louvered manner within the heat absorption cavity. When the multiple solar heat absorption / release / insulation components are in a vertical position, they are seamlessly arranged between the upper and lower baffles. When the insulation components are in a horizontal position, the horizontal contour of each solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation component matches the cross-sectional contour of the heat absorption cavity; each solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation component includes a central shaft forming a louver structure, on which a blackened aluminum corrugated plate with high-efficiency heat absorption and heat dissipation performance is fixedly installed. One side of the blackened aluminum corrugated plate is set with a corrugated structure, and the other side of the blackened aluminum corrugated plate is fixedly installed with an insulation layer; by adjusting the vertical or horizontal position of multiple solar heat absorption / excitation / insulation components, the function of solar energy absorption / excitation or insulation can be switched; the upper and lower ends of the external insulation plate are respectively provided with external air inlets and external air outlets, which are respectively connected to air inlets and air outlets fixedly installed on the exterior wall of the building.

2. The adjustable passive solar heating and insulation system for building exterior walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external heat insulation panel includes an external heat insulation panel structural layer one and an external heat insulation panel structural layer two spaced apart. An external heat insulation layer is filled between the external heat insulation panel structural layer one and the external heat insulation panel structural layer two. The external heat insulation panel structural layer one and the external heat insulation panel structural layer two are both made of 304 stainless steel, and the external heat insulation layer is made of rigid polyurethane foam.

3. The adjustable passive solar heating and insulation system for building exterior walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer heat insulation frame includes a square-shaped outer heat insulation frame structure layer one, and an outer heat insulation frame structure layer two is sleeved on the outside of the outer heat insulation frame structure layer one. There is a gap between the outer peripheral wall of the outer heat insulation frame structure layer one and the inner peripheral wall of the outer heat insulation frame structure layer two, which is filled with an outer heat insulation frame insulation layer. The outer heat insulation frame structure layer one and the outer heat insulation frame structure layer two are made of 304 stainless steel, and the outer heat insulation frame insulation layer is made of rigid polyurethane foam.

4. The adjustable passive solar heating and insulation system for building exterior walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake channel includes an inner air intake cylinder, and an outer air intake cylinder is fitted around the inner air intake cylinder. A gap exists between the inner circumferential wall of the outer air intake cylinder and the outer circumferential wall of the inner air intake cylinder, and this gap is filled with an air intake channel insulation layer. Both the inner and outer air intake cylinders are made of 304 stainless steel, and the insulation layer is made of rigid polyurethane foam. The air return channel includes an inner air return cylinder, and an outer air return cylinder is fitted around the inner air return cylinder. A gap exists between the inner and outer circumferential walls of the outer air return cylinder and is filled with an air return channel insulation layer. Both the inner and outer air return cylinders are made of 304 stainless steel, and the insulation layer is made of rigid polyurethane foam.

5. The adjustable passive solar heating and insulation system for building exterior walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an inner heat insulation panel fixedly installed on the interior side of the building's exterior wall. An inner heat insulation frame is fixedly installed on the side of the inner heat insulation panel away from the building's exterior wall. A heat dissipation plate is installed at the end of the inner heat insulation frame away from the inner heat insulation panel. A heat storage cavity is formed between the inner heat insulation panel, the heat dissipation plate, and the inner wall of the inner heat insulation frame. Multiple heat storage elements are evenly fixedly installed in a rectangular array on the side of the heat dissipation plate facing the heat storage cavity. An inner air inlet and an inner air return hole are respectively opened at the upper and lower ends of the inner heat insulation panel. The inner air inlet and the inner air return hole are connected to the air inlet channel and the air return channel, respectively.

6. The adjustable passive solar heating and insulation system for building exterior walls according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner heat insulation board includes an inner heat insulation board structural layer one and an inner heat insulation board structural layer two spaced apart. An inner heat insulation layer is filled between the inner heat insulation board structural layer one and the inner heat insulation board structural layer two. The inner heat insulation board structural layer one and the inner heat insulation board structural layer two are both made of 304 stainless steel, and the inner heat insulation layer is made of rigid polyurethane foam.

7. The adjustable passive solar heating and insulation system for building exterior walls according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner heat insulation frame includes a square-shaped inner heat insulation frame structure layer one, and an inner heat insulation frame structure layer two is sleeved on the outside of the inner heat insulation frame structure layer one. There is a gap between the outer peripheral wall of the inner heat insulation frame structure layer one and the inner peripheral wall of the inner heat insulation frame structure layer one, which is filled with an inner heat insulation frame insulation layer. The inner heat insulation frame structure layer one and the inner heat insulation frame structure layer two are made of 304 stainless steel, and the inner heat insulation frame insulation layer is made of rigid polyurethane foam.

8. The adjustable passive solar heating and insulation system for building exterior walls according to claim 5, characterized in that: Multiple heat dissipation grilles are fixedly and evenly spaced on the side of the heat dissipation plate facing the room. The multiple heat dissipation grilles and the heat dissipation plate are an integral structure. The heat dissipation plate and the heat dissipation grilles are made of aluminum. A metal decorative mesh cover is fixedly installed on the outside of the multiple heat dissipation grilles on the heat dissipation plate.

9. The adjustable passive solar heating and insulation system for building exterior walls according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each of the heat storage components includes a heat storage tube core, one end of which is fixedly provided with a connecting plate, the connecting plate being fixedly connected to the heat dissipation plate, and a plurality of heat storage fins connected to the interior of the heat storage tube core are uniformly fixedly provided along the circumference, and the inner cavity of the heat storage tube core and the heat storage fins is filled with heat storage material.

10. The adjustable passive solar heating and insulation system for building exterior walls according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner air inlet and the inner air outlet are each uniformly provided with louvered opening and closing gates made of heat-insulating material.

Images