Weighing type rain gauge self-adaptive anti-freezing device

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive anti-freezing device for a weighing type rain gauge, and belongs to the technical field of precipitation observation. Comprising a heating film arranged on the outer wall of a rain bearing opening, a first temperature sensor arranged in a groove in the outer wall of the rain bearing opening, a second temperature sensor and a controller which are arranged on the inner side of an outer barrel, a humidity sensor arranged on the outer side of the outer barrel and a third temperature sensor arranged in the heating film. And the controller is in signal connection with each sensor and the heating film, receives acquisition signals fed back by each sensor, switches a self-adaptive double-pulse-width heating mode or a background self-management mode according to the acquisition signals, controls the heating state of the heating film, and switches a heating self-inspection mode once at an interval of a self-inspection period to inspect each sensor and the heating film. According to the anti-freezing device, the problems of measurement distortion caused by the fact that snow or ice is easily attached to the rain bearing opening during low-temperature rainfall and the problems that an existing anti-freezing heating mode is high in energy consumption and lack of self-adaptive capacity can be solved, and high-precision and low-energy-consumption self-adaptive anti-freezing control is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge, belonging to the field of precipitation observation technology. Background Technology

[0002] Weighing rain gauges mainly consist of a rain inlet, a water collector, a weighing sensor processing unit, an outer bucket, and a windproof ring. They utilize the gravity of precipitation to collect rainwater through the rain inlet into the water collector. A force sensor converts the gravity on the water collector into an electrical signal, and by measuring and processing this signal, the mass of the precipitation is obtained, thereby calculating the amount of precipitation. This allows for all-weather automated monitoring of solid, liquid, and solid-liquid mixed precipitation.

[0003] However, when seasonal low temperatures and humidity occur, solid or mixed precipitation, such as freezing rain and snow, may partially adhere to and freeze on the inner wall of the rain collection inlet, forming a thin layer of ice and snow. As a result, this part of the precipitation cannot fall into the water collector in time for weighing. Moreover, the adhesion will also reduce the collection area of ​​the rain collection inlet, reducing the amount of precipitation collected, resulting in the measured precipitation being lower than the actual precipitation. Then, as the ambient temperature rises, the precipitation frozen in the rain collection inlet melts and falls into the water collector, causing the measured precipitation during this period to be higher than the actual precipitation.

[0004] In existing weighing rain gauges, to prevent freezing rain and snow from adhering to and freezing on the inner wall of the rain collection port, a hydrophobic design is incorporated. This can be achieved by creating a hydrophobic textured structure or coating the inner wall with a hydrophobic material, or by heating the rain collection port. A hydrophobic texture involves creating rough, striped hydrophobic channels or microstructures on the surface of the inner wall of the rain collection port. The hydrophobic coating material is typically a low surface energy material such as fluorides or nanomaterials. Both methods reduce the adhesion between water droplets and the inner wall of the rain collection port, making them easier to detach and reducing or delaying the formation and accumulation of ice. Heating the rain collection port allows it to maintain a temperature above freezing even at low temperatures, preventing precipitation from condensing at the rain collection port.

[0005] However, various environmental factors such as prolonged sunlight, oxidation, dust adhesion, and hail impact can cause the hydrophobic texture structure of the inner wall of the rain-collecting opening and the hydrophobic effect of the coated hydrophobic material to deteriorate. At low temperatures, the hydrophobic material coated on the inner wall of the rain-collecting opening may harden or undergo structural changes, leading to a reduction or disappearance of the hydrophobic effect. When freezing rain or snow falls on this altered surface, the anti-freezing effect will be weakened, affecting the accuracy of precipitation measurements.

[0006] While existing methods for heating rain-collecting components are reliable, they also have some shortcomings. Existing weighing rain gauges, such as the weighing rain gauge structure disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN105204095A for measuring freezing rain, have a constant-temperature heating element on the outer wall of the rain-collecting opening, maintaining its temperature between 0°C and 1°C. However, there is no corresponding temperature measurement structure for the rain-collecting opening, making it impossible to obtain the actual temperature of the opening. Furthermore, the heating element remains at 0°C to 1°C regardless of whether there is precipitation, resulting in unnecessary high energy consumption. Other rain gauges, such as the snow-melting rain gauge and control method disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN116106992A, attach large and small heating films to the inner wall and opening of the rain gauge funnel, respectively. When the monitored ambient temperature falls below a threshold, the small heating film at the funnel opening is activated to melt any potential precipitation. This leads to useless energy consumption during low-temperature, non-precipitation periods. For example, Chinese patent CN118112689A discloses an adaptive temperature-controlled snow-melting rain gauge, which includes a snow-melting heating film at the bottom of the rain collector, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a heating controller. When the humidity sensor detects precipitation and the temperature at the bottom of the rain collector is below a threshold, the snow-melting heating film is activated. The heating controller uses a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm to control the heating temperature and power consumption. However, the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient of the PID algorithm need to be manually selected according to the local weather temperature. The parameter configuration is cumbersome and cannot adaptively configure the parameters in real time when the ambient temperature changes. In addition, there is a problem of insufficient snow melting, and the average power consumption during precipitation is still relatively high, generally not less than 50W. These methods and devices have problems such as affecting the accuracy of precipitation measurement, complex parameter configuration, and high power consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge, which can solve the problems of existing weighing rain gauges where the rain inlet is prone to adhesion or icing during low-temperature precipitation, leading to measurement distortion, as well as the high energy consumption and lack of adaptability of existing antifreeze heating methods in response to changing environments, thereby achieving high-precision, low-energy adaptive antifreeze control.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides an adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge. The weighing rain gauge includes an outer barrel, a support frame disposed inside the outer barrel, a water collector disposed on the support frame, and a rain-collecting inlet disposed on the outer barrel. The adaptive antifreeze device includes a first temperature sensor disposed in a groove on the outer wall of the rain-collecting inlet, a heating film disposed on the outer wall of the rain-collecting inlet, a second temperature sensor and a controller disposed on the inner side of the outer barrel, a humidity sensor disposed on the outer side of the outer barrel, and a third temperature sensor disposed inside the heating film. The controller is connected to each sensor and the heating film, receives the collected signals fed back by each sensor, switches between an adaptive dual-pulse width heating mode and a background autonomous management mode according to the collected signals, controls the heating state of the heating film, and switches to a heating self-test mode once every self-test cycle to check each sensor and the heating film.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, furthermore, the groove on the outer wall of the rain-collecting opening and the first temperature sensor are filled with thermally conductive material.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, the heating film further comprises, in sequence, thermal insulation cotton, polyimide film, resistance wire and polyimide film stacked together.

[0011] In addition to the first aspect, the material of the rain catch is aluminum alloy.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, furthermore, the controller switches between adaptive dual-pulse-width heating mode or background autonomous management mode based on the collected signals, controlling the heating state of the heating film including: When the temperature signal collected by the first or second temperature sensor is less than the temperature threshold and the humidity signal collected by the humidity sensor indicates that there is precipitation, the controller switches to the adaptive dual-pulse width heating mode. In the adaptive dual-pulse width heating mode, the controller controls the heating state of the heating film through the adaptive dual-pulse width modulation heating control algorithm, so that the rain collection port maintains the target temperature in each weighing measurement of the weighing rain gauge, and maintains the preparatory temperature between two adjacent weighing measurements of the weighing rain gauge. When the duration of the temperature signal collected by the second temperature sensor exceeding the temperature threshold reaches the first time threshold, or when the duration of the absence of precipitation, as determined by the humidity signal collected by the humidity sensor, reaches the second time threshold, the controller switches to the background autonomous management mode. In the background autonomous management mode, the controller controls the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the humidity sensor to work, and controls the heating film and the third temperature sensor to stop working, so that the average power of the adaptive antifreeze device is maintained within the power threshold range.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, the adaptive dual-pulse-width modulation heating control algorithm further includes: An adaptive external pulse width modulation heating control algorithm is used to divide the heating process of the heating film into an alternating heating stage and a preparation stage according to the weighing measurement cycle of the weighing rain gauge. This ensures that the heating film enters the heating stage before each weighing measurement of the weighing rain gauge, enters the preparation stage after each weighing measurement, and re-enters the heating stage from the preparation stage before the next weighing measurement. An adaptive internal pulse width modulation heating control algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the pulse width duty cycle control amount of the heating time of the heating film based on the difference between the current temperature and the target temperature of the rain collection port. The improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm is used to drive the heating film to work according to the pulse width duty cycle control amount, so that the rain collection port is heated to the target temperature and maintained at the target temperature during the heating stage, and cooled to the preparatory temperature and maintained at the preparatory temperature during the preparatory stage. The proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient of the improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm are adaptively adjusted through a fuzzy inference process based on the difference between the current temperature and the target temperature of the rain inlet and the temperature change of the heating film.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, the formula for calculating the time between the heating film re-entering the heating stage from the preparatory stage and the next weighing measurement of the weighing rain gauge is as follows: ; in, This indicates the time between the heating film re-entering the heating stage from the preparatory stage and the next weighing measurement of the weighing rain gauge. , , , , , These represent the specific heat capacity, density, volume, temperature difference between the current and target temperatures, heat absorption coefficient, and holding time after heating to the target temperature, respectively. This indicates the rated power of the heating film.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, the formula for calculating the pulse width duty cycle control of the heating time of the heating film is as follows: ; in, Indicates the heating film The pulse width duty cycle control amount for the heating time of the first heating cycle. , , These represent the heating film's first... , , The difference between the current temperature and the target temperature of the rain inlet when the heating is turned on for the first time. , , These represent the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient of the improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm, respectively. This is a constant used to ensure that the improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm always has an output; The formulas for calculating the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient of the improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm are as follows: ; in, , , They represent , , initial value, , , They represent , , The corresponding scaling factor, , , They represent , , The corresponding adaptive adjustment value; The formulas for calculating the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient of the improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm are as follows: ; in, This indicates the time interval for the first temperature sensor to collect temperature signals. This indicates the difference between the current temperature and the target temperature at the rain inlet. This indicates the amount of temperature change of the heating film. , They represent , The corresponding judgment threshold, express The change Indicates or, It indicates that...

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, further, in the heating self-test mode, the controller controls the heating film to turn on the heating, and checks each sensor and the heating film based on the temperature signals collected by the first temperature sensor and the third temperature sensor. If the temperature change measured by the first temperature sensor and the third temperature sensor within a preset time is greater than the temperature change threshold, it is determined that the power supply and installation of the heating film are normal and that the first temperature sensor and the third temperature sensor are normal. If the temperature change measured by the first temperature sensor within a preset time is less than or equal to the temperature change threshold, the temperature change measured by the third temperature sensor within a preset time is greater than the temperature change threshold, and the first temperature sensor follows the change of the second temperature sensor, then it is determined that the heating film is powered normally, the installation is abnormal, and both the first and third temperature sensors are normal. If the temperature change collected by the first temperature sensor within a preset time is less than or equal to the temperature change threshold, the temperature change collected by the third temperature sensor within a preset time is greater than the temperature change threshold, and the first temperature sensor does not follow the change of the second temperature sensor, then it is determined that the heating film is powered normally, the third temperature sensor is normal, and the first temperature sensor is abnormal. If the temperature change collected by the third temperature sensor within a preset time is less than or equal to the temperature change threshold and the third temperature sensor follows the change of the second temperature sensor, then it is determined that the heating film power supply is abnormal and the third temperature sensor is normal. If the temperature change collected by the first temperature sensor within a preset time is greater than the temperature change threshold, and the temperature change collected by the third temperature sensor within a preset time is less than or equal to the temperature change threshold and the third temperature sensor does not follow the change of the second temperature sensor, then it is determined that the power supply and installation of the heating film are normal, the first temperature sensor is normal, and the third temperature sensor is abnormal. If the temperature change measured by the first temperature sensor and the third temperature sensor within a preset time is less than or equal to the temperature change threshold, and the first temperature sensor follows the change of the second temperature sensor while the third temperature sensor does not follow the change of the second temperature sensor, then the first temperature sensor is determined to be normal and the third temperature sensor is abnormal. If the temperature changes collected by the first and third temperature sensors within a preset time are both less than or equal to the temperature change threshold, and neither the first nor the third temperature sensor follows the change of the second temperature sensor, then it is determined that both the first and third temperature sensors are abnormal.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a weighing rain gauge equipped with an adaptive antifreeze device for the weighing rain gauge as described in the first aspect.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge provided by this invention employs an adaptive heating method to prevent solid or mixed precipitation such as freezing rain and snow from adhering to and freezing on the inner wall of the rain collection port during precipitation monitoring. The structure and effectiveness of this antifreeze device do not change over time or with environmental changes, and it is simple to install; requiring only a power supply, it can be directly installed into weighing equipment already in use in the field to achieve adaptive heating of the rain collection port. Specifically, it adopts an adaptive dual-pulse width modulation heating control algorithm, eliminating the need for manual parameter configuration, providing rapid heating, precise temperature control, and high intelligence. A first temperature sensor is installed at the rain-collecting opening to collect its temperature. A second temperature sensor is located inside the outer barrel to collect the ambient temperature. A third temperature sensor is located inside the heating film to collect its temperature. A humidity sensor is also included to determine if precipitation has occurred. Based on the real-time temperatures of the rain-collecting opening and the heating film, as well as the ambient temperature and precipitation conditions, the duty cycle of the inner and outer pulse widths is adaptively adjusted in real time. This ensures that the rain-collecting opening reaches the target temperature before the next weighing measurement and remains stably maintained within 1°C above or below the target temperature. During the interval between two adjacent weighing measurements, a preparatory temperature slightly lower than the target temperature is maintained. When the ambient temperature is -50°C, the rain-collecting opening temperature can rise to 2°C in as little as 180 seconds, preventing situations where the rain-collecting opening temperature is far below the target temperature, resulting in poor anti-freezing performance, or where the rain-collecting opening temperature is too high, causing small amounts of precipitation to evaporate and affecting the accuracy of precipitation measurement.

[0019] This invention also employs several measures to reduce power consumption: heating is activated when precipitation is detected and the ambient temperature or the temperature of the rain collection port is below a temperature threshold, preventing power waste during non-low-temperature precipitation periods; an adaptive internal pulse width modulation heating control algorithm is used to ensure the temperature of the rain collection port quickly and smoothly transitions to the target temperature, avoiding excessive overshoot and other power waste, effectively reducing power consumption; an adaptive external pulse width modulation heating control algorithm is used to maintain the temperature of the rain collection port at a non-icing or minimally icing level during the low-level phase of the external pulse width modulation, i.e., the preparation phase, in the middle period between adjacent weighing measurements, ensuring that the rain collection port quickly reaches the target temperature before weighing and reporting, while reducing power loss during the middle period between two weighing measurements; during non-heating periods, the controller adopts a background autonomous management mode, retaining only necessary functions such as monitoring the ambient temperature and the temperature of the rain collection port, and judging precipitation conditions, significantly reducing power consumption compared to the normal operation mode.

[0020] This invention also features a heating self-test mode, which periodically performs self-tests on the heating function and the functions of each component, stores the results, and uploads them to the main unit of the weighing rain gauge, so that maintenance personnel can promptly understand the status information of the equipment and perform maintenance as needed. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rain-collecting port in the adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the heating control process of the adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a control flowchart of the adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge provided in an embodiment of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. First temperature sensor; 2. Heating film; 3. Second temperature sensor; 4. Controller; 5. Humidity sensor; 6. Main unit; 7. Support frame; 8. Water collector; 9. Outer tub; 10. Third temperature sensor; 11. Rain inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0023] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, embodiments of the present invention and the technical features thereof can be combined with each other.

[0024] This invention provides an adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the weighing rain gauge includes an outer barrel 9, a support frame 7 inside the outer barrel 9, a water collector 8 on the support frame 7, and a rain-collecting port 11 on the outer barrel 9. The adaptive antifreeze device includes a first temperature sensor 1 in a groove on the outer wall of the rain-collecting port 11, a heating film 2 on the outer wall of the rain-collecting port 11, a second temperature sensor 3 and a controller 4 on the inner side of the outer barrel 9, a humidity sensor 5 on the outer side of the outer barrel 9, and a third temperature sensor 10 on the inner side of the heating film 2. The controller 4 is connected to each sensor and the heating film 2, receives the collected signals from each sensor, switches between an adaptive dual-pulse width heating mode and a background autonomous management mode according to the collected signals, controls the heating state of the heating film 2, and switches to a heating self-test mode every time there is a self-test cycle to check each sensor and the heating film 2.

[0025] The adaptive antifreeze device for weighing rain gauges provided in this invention can solve the problems of measurement distortion caused by ice forming at the rain collection port of existing weighing rain gauges during low-temperature precipitation, as well as the high energy consumption and lack of adaptability of existing antifreeze heating methods in response to changing environments, thereby achieving high-precision, low-energy adaptive antifreeze control.

[0026] Specifically, when installing the adaptive antifreeze device for the weighing rain gauge provided in this embodiment of the invention, the first temperature sensor 1 is fixed in the groove on the outer wall of the rain-collecting port 11, so that the first temperature sensor 1 is in close contact with the outer wall of the rain-collecting port 11. The heating film 2 is attached to the outer wall of the rain-collecting port 11, and a third temperature sensor 10 is installed inside the heating film 2. The second temperature sensor 3 and the controller 4 are fixed inside the outer barrel 9, and the humidity sensor 5 is fixed outside the outer barrel 9, so that the humidity sensor 5 is unobstructed. The end of the controller 4 connected to each sensor and the heating film 2 faces upward, and the end connected to the main unit 6 of the weighing rain gauge faces downward. The power cord of the controller 4 and the power cord of the heating film 2 are connected, and the data transmission lines between the controller 4 and each sensor and the communication lines between the controller 4 and the main unit 6 of the weighing rain gauge are connected.

[0027] In this embodiment, the first temperature sensor 1 is used to collect the temperature of the rain-collecting opening 11 in real time, the second temperature sensor 3 is used to collect the ambient temperature in real time, the third temperature sensor 10 is used to collect the temperature of the heating film 2 in real time, and the humidity sensor 5 is used to sense the air humidity so as to determine whether there is precipitation based on the humidity signal.

[0028] In one possible embodiment, the groove on the outer wall of the rain-collecting opening 11 and the first temperature sensor 1 are filled with a thermally conductive material.

[0029] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, in order to measure the true temperature of the rain-collecting opening 11, the first temperature sensor 1 is fixed in the groove dug from the outer wall to the inner wall of the rain-collecting opening 11, so that the temperature measuring surface of the first temperature sensor 1 is in close contact with the groove wall, and an appropriate amount of thermally conductive silicone or thermally conductive grease or other thermally conductive material is filled in the gap in the groove, so that the first temperature sensor 1 can efficiently collect the temperature of the rain-collecting opening 11, and the first temperature sensor 1 has multiple surfaces that can sense the temperature of the rain-collecting opening 11, which increases the contact area between the first temperature sensor 1 and the rain-collecting opening 11, so that the temperature collected by the first temperature sensor 1 is closer to the true temperature of the rain-collecting opening 11.

[0030] In one possible embodiment, the heating film 2 comprises thermal insulation cotton, a polyimide film, a resistance wire, and a polyimide film stacked in sequence.

[0031] In one possible embodiment, the rain-collecting opening 11 is made of aluminum alloy, with an inner wall diameter of 200mm and an inner wall depth greater than or equal to 100mm.

[0032] Specifically, the heating film 2 is closely attached to the outer wall of the rain-collecting opening 11 and transfers heat to the rain-collecting opening 11 through thermal conduction. Therefore, in the adaptive antifreeze device for the weighing rain gauge provided in this embodiment, the power and heating effect of the heating film 2 are closely related to the material and size of the rain-collecting opening 11.

[0033] The formula for calculating the volume of the rain-collecting opening 11 is: ; in, , , , These represent the volume, outer wall radius, inner wall radius, and height of the rain-collecting opening 11, respectively.

[0034] The formula for calculating the heat absorbed by the rain inlet 11 is: ; in, , , , These represent the heat absorbed by the rain-collecting opening 11, its specific heat capacity, density, and the temperature change after heat absorption, respectively.

[0035] It can be seen that when and When they are the same, The larger, The larger.

[0036] The most common materials for the rain catch vent 11 are stainless steel and aluminum alloy, with copper being used in very few cases. Stainless steel has a specific heat capacity of approximately 500 J / (kg·℃) and a density ranging from approximately 7900 kg / m³. 3 Up to 8000 kg / m 3 The specific heat capacity of aluminum alloys ranges from approximately 880 J / (kg·℃) to 1000 J / (kg·℃), and their density ranges from approximately 2630 kg / m³. 3 Up to 2850kg / m 3 The specific heat capacity of copper is approximately 380 J / (kg·℃) to 390 J / (kg·℃), and its density ranges from approximately 8400 kg / m³. 3 Up to 8960kg / m 3 .

[0037] The conversion formula between the power of the heating film 2 and the heat absorbed by the rain inlet 11 is as follows: ; in, This indicates the power of heating film 2. Indicates time.

[0038] It is evident that when the material of the rain inlet 11 is aluminum alloy, the amount of heat required to raise the temperature to the same level for the same volume is minimal, the power required for the heating film 2 is minimal, and the differences between the materials are significant.

[0039] Therefore, in order to reduce the power required by the heating film 2, the material of the rain-collecting opening 11 in this embodiment is aluminum alloy.

[0040] Meanwhile, when the material of the rain-collecting opening 11 and the rising temperature are the same, the smaller the volume of the rain-collecting opening 11, the less power is required for the heating film 2.

[0041] Therefore, in order to reduce the power required by the heating film 2, under the premise of meeting the industry standard for weighing rain gauges, the inner diameter of the rain-collecting opening 11 in this embodiment is 200mm, the inner wall depth is greater than or equal to 100mm, and the outer wall diameter is as small as possible, but it must meet the requirements of installation strength and slotting to place the first temperature sensor 1 for temperature measurement.

[0042] In one possible embodiment, the controller 4 switches between an adaptive dual-pulse-width heating mode and a background autonomous management mode based on the acquired signal, controlling the heating state of the heating film 2 by: When the temperature signal collected by the first temperature sensor 1 or the second temperature sensor 3 is less than the temperature threshold and the humidity signal collected by the humidity sensor 5 indicates that there is precipitation, the controller 4 switches to the adaptive dual-pulse width heating mode. In the adaptive dual-pulse width heating mode, the controller 4 controls the heating state of the heating film 2 through the adaptive dual-pulse width modulation heating control algorithm, so that the rain collection port 11 maintains the target temperature in each weighing measurement of the weighing rain gauge, and maintains the preparatory temperature between two adjacent weighing measurements of the weighing rain gauge. When the duration for which the temperature signal collected by the second temperature sensor 3 exceeds the temperature threshold exceeds the first time threshold, or when the duration for which there is no precipitation is determined based on the humidity signal collected by the humidity sensor 5 to reach the second time threshold, the controller 4 switches to the background autonomous management mode. In the background autonomous management mode, the controller 4 controls the first temperature sensor 1, the second temperature sensor 3, and the humidity sensor 5 to work, and controls the heating film 2 and the third temperature sensor 10 to stop working, so that the average power of the adaptive antifreeze device is maintained within the power threshold range.

[0043] The control flow of the adaptive antifreeze device for the weighing rain gauge provided in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 4As shown, controller 4 includes a microcontroller, a heating film control module, a data acquisition interface, a communication interface, a power supply interface, a power management module, a storage module, and a timing module. The microcontroller is connected to the heating film control module, which in turn is connected to the heating film 2. The microcontroller controls the on / off time of the power supply to the heating film 2 through the heating film control module. The microcontroller is connected to the data acquisition interface, which is connected to the first temperature sensor 1, the second temperature sensor 3, the third temperature sensor 10, and the humidity sensor 5. These sensors send temperature and humidity signals, and controller 4 reads these signals through the data acquisition interface. The microcontroller is connected to the communication interface, which is connected to the main unit 6 of the weighing rain gauge. Controller 4 reads and sends data to and from the main unit 6 of the weighing rain gauge through the communication interface. The microcontroller is connected to the power management module, which is connected to the power supply interface. The power supply interface is connected to an external power supply system. The external power supply system provides power to the microcontroller and other modules and interfaces through the power supply interface and the power management module. The microcontroller connects to the storage module to store data related to the target temperature, preheating temperature, and self-test cycle. It also connects to the timing module for timekeeping, ensuring that time is not lost in the event of a power outage.

[0044] In this embodiment, the adaptive dual-pulse-width modulation heating control algorithm includes: An adaptive external pulse width modulation heating control algorithm is used to divide the heating process of the heating film 2 into an alternating heating stage and a preparation stage according to the weighing measurement cycle of the weighing rain gauge. This allows the heating film 2 to enter the heating stage before each weighing measurement of the weighing rain gauge, enter the preparation stage after each weighing measurement, and re-enter the heating stage from the preparation stage before the next weighing measurement. An adaptive internal pulse width modulation heating control algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the pulse width duty cycle control amount of the heating time of the heating film 2 based on the difference between the current temperature and the target temperature of the rain-collecting opening 11. The improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm is used to drive the heating film 2 to work, so that the rain-collecting opening 11 is heated to the target temperature and maintained at the target temperature during the heating stage, and cooled to the preparation temperature and maintained at the preparation temperature during the preparation stage.

[0045] Specifically, such as Figure 3As shown, the high level of the external pulse width modulation represents the heating stage, and the low level represents the preparation stage. During the heating and preparation stages, the duty cycle of the on / off pulse width of the heating film 2 within a single weighing cycle is the internal pulse width modulation. Both the internal and external pulse width modulations can adaptively adjust the pulse width according to the weighing cycle and the temperature signals collected by each temperature sensor. This rolling optimized heating state allows the temperature of the rain-collecting port 11 to quickly and smoothly transition to the target temperature, and effectively reduces power consumption.

[0046] During the heating stage: After the heating film 2 is activated, the controller 4, based on the current temperature of the rain-collecting opening 11, the target temperature, the current temperature of the heating film 2, and the time remaining until the next weighing test, uses an adaptive internal pulse width modulation heating control algorithm to ensure that the temperature of the rain-collecting opening 11 quickly and smoothly transitions to the target temperature and maintains the target temperature until the end of the next weighing test. This allows the rainwater contact surface frozen on the rain-collecting opening 11 to thaw, ensuring that all rainwater falls into the water collector before the weighing test. If necessary, the target temperature value is autonomously adjusted by the heating control algorithm to ensure antifreeze effect while minimizing power consumption; manual adjustment is also possible.

[0047] Through practical application tests, when the ambient temperature is -20℃, the target temperature of the rain collection port 11 is set to 1℃, which can prevent precipitation from freezing in the rain collection port 11. When the ambient temperature is -50℃, the target temperature of the rain collection port 11 is set to 2℃, which can also prevent precipitation from freezing in the rain collection port. The rain collection port 11 takes at least 110 seconds to rise from -20℃ to 1℃ and at least 180 seconds to rise from -50℃ to 2℃. It is also required that the temperature of the rain collection port 11 be kept stable within 1℃ above or below the target temperature.

[0048] Preparatory stage: To reduce power consumption, when the interval between two adjacent weighing measurements is greater than 3 minutes (3 minutes is an empirical value, and in most cases, the interval between two adjacent weighing measurements is greater than or equal to 5 minutes), the controller 4 is in the preparation stage during the middle period between two adjacent weighing measurements. This stage is a low level of external pulse width modulation.

[0049] In this stage, an adaptive internal pulse width modulation heating control algorithm is used to maintain the temperature of the rain-collecting opening 11 at a preparatory temperature slightly lower than the target temperature. The preparatory temperature is typically set to 0℃. At this temperature, the precipitation at the rain-collecting opening 11 is either not frozen or is a mixture of ice and water, making it less likely for the precipitation to freeze at the rain-collecting opening 11. This is done before the next weighing measurement. After a few seconds, the heating phase resumes. Using an adaptive internal pulse width modulation heating control algorithm, the rain-collecting opening 11 is reheated to the target temperature and maintained thereafter. Second, The preparation time is typically 30 seconds or more, until the next weighing measurement ends. The preparation temperature is related to the weather conditions in the area where the weighing rain gauge is located. The preparation temperature can be adjusted automatically by the heating control algorithm or manually.

[0050] Specifically, the formula for calculating the time between the heating film 2 re-entering the heating stage from the preparatory stage and the next weighing measurement of the weighing rain gauge is as follows: ; in, This indicates the time between the heating film 2 re-entering the heating stage from the preparatory stage and the next weighing measurement of the weighing rain gauge. , , , , , These represent the specific heat capacity, density, volume, temperature difference between the current and target temperatures, heat absorption coefficient, and holding time after heating to the target temperature for the rain-collecting inlet 11, respectively. This indicates the rated power of heating film 2.

[0051] Depending on the heat absorption effect of the material of the rain-collecting opening 11 and the heat insulation effect of the insulation material of the heating film 2, tests have shown that in this embodiment... It is 90%.

[0052] The formula for calculating the pulse width duty cycle control value of the heating time of heating film 2 is as follows: ; in, Indicates heating film 2 The pulse width duty cycle control amount for the heating time of the first heating cycle. , , These represent the heating film 2, respectively. , , The difference between the current temperature and the target temperature of the rain inlet 11 when heating is turned on for the first time. , , These represent the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient of the improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm, respectively. It is a constant used to ensure that the improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm always has an output.

[0053] The adaptive antifreeze device for the weighing rain gauge provided in this embodiment, through the adaptive internal pulse width modulation heating control algorithm combined with the preparation stage, can prevent precipitation from freezing on the rain collection port 11 during non-weighing measurements. Even if a small amount freezes, it can be thawed in time before the next weighing measurement, while effectively reducing power consumption.

[0054] In this embodiment, the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient of the improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm are adaptively adjusted through a fuzzy inference process based on the difference between the current temperature and the target temperature of the rain inlet 11 and the temperature change of the heating film 2.

[0055] When the heating film 2 is turned on, the proportional, integral, and derivative coefficients are set according to the current temperature of the rain-collecting port 11 in order to achieve the heating target. This is a position-adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm. However, tests have shown that no matter how the proportional, integral, and derivative coefficients are adjusted, it is impossible to make the rain-collecting port 11 rise from -50℃ to 2℃ within 180s while keeping the temperature overshoot within 1℃ above or below the target temperature. The actual temperature of the rain-collecting port 11 can be 3℃ to 10℃ higher than the target temperature. Excessive temperature may cause the small amount of precipitation at the rain-collecting port 11 to evaporate. Moreover, it is impossible to adapt a single set of proportional, integral, and derivative coefficients to all ambient temperatures.

[0056] In order to enable the rain-collecting port 11 to quickly reach the target temperature, have a small overshoot, and adapt to changes in ambient temperature during the heating process, this embodiment combines fuzzy inference process to design an adaptive dynamic adjustment method for proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and differential coefficient.

[0057] Specifically, the formulas for calculating the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient of the improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm are as follows: ; in, , , They represent , , The initial value is determined by the temperature of the rain-collecting opening 11 measured when the heating film 2 is turned on for heating. , , They represent , , The corresponding scaling factor is related to the temperature of the heating film 2 and the rain-collecting opening 11. , , They represent , , The corresponding adaptive adjustment value.

[0058] During the heating process, , , , , , Dynamic changes, to find a reasonable , , , , , It is the key to the improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm.

[0059] In this embodiment, the adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge measures the difference between the current temperature and the target temperature at the rain inlet 11 during operation. The actual range is {-2, 52}. Change The actual range is {-6, 6}; The actual range is {-24, 24}, and the quantization range is {-6, 6}. Corresponding quantization factor It is 4; The actual range is {-6, 6}, and the quantization range is {-6, 6}. Corresponding quantization factor =1; The actual range is {-3,3}, and the quantization range is {-6,6}. Corresponding quantization factor It is 0.5.

[0060] , , , , The membership functions are as follows: ; ; ; in, , , , , , , These represent seven fuzzy linguistic variables: negative large, negative medium, negative small, zero, positive small, positive medium, and positive large. express membership function, , , , , , , They represent The degree to which a set belongs to the fuzzy sets of negative large, negative medium, negative small, zero, positive small, positive medium, and positive large. express membership function, , , , , , , They represent The degree to which a set belongs to the fuzzy sets of negative large, negative medium, negative small, zero, positive small, positive medium, and positive large. for abbreviation, express membership function, , , , , , , They represent The degree to which a set belongs to the fuzzy sets of negative large, negative medium, negative small, zero, positive small, positive medium, and positive large.

[0061] , , The control rules are shown in Table 1.

[0062] Table 1: , , Control rule table .

[0063] During the heating process, , Substitute the current measured value into the corresponding membership function to obtain the corresponding membership degree, and then refer to Table 1. , , The control rules perform logical reasoning, and the reasoning formula is as follows: ; in, express The domain of discourse, In Table 1 and The intersection of each corresponding control rule, This represents the 7×7=49 control rules corresponding to Table 1. The relationships implied by each control rule. This indicates the transpose operation. This indicates a fuzzy synthesis operation.

[0064] Then the logical deduction The union of control rules is quantized using the maximum membership average method to obtain... , , The quantized values ​​are multiplied by their respective quantization factors to obtain the final result. , , The actual value.

[0065] The formulas for calculating the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient of the improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm are as follows: ; in, This indicates the time interval for the first temperature sensor 1 to collect temperature signals. This indicates the difference between the current temperature and the target temperature of the rain inlet 11. This indicates the amount of temperature change in heating film 2. , They represent , The corresponding judgment threshold, , , express The change in quantity.

[0066] Will , , , , , Substituting the values ​​into the calculation formulas for the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient of the improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm, the results are obtained. , , The value of .

[0067] , , The pattern of change is: when When it is large, Larger and Smaller, when When it is in the middle value, reduce it appropriately. and ,when Smaller and When the value is large, reduce it appropriately. ,when When it is too small, increase it appropriately. When the system is stable, Close to 0.

[0068] The adaptive dynamic adjustment method for the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and differential coefficient combined with the fuzzy inference process provided in this embodiment enables the rain inlet 11 to adapt to changes, with small overshoot and rapid attainment of the target temperature.

[0069] , , , , , The actual range and quantitative range can also be adjusted according to the environment in which the weighing rain gauge is located.

[0070] In this embodiment, when the duration for which the temperature signal collected by the second temperature sensor 3 exceeds the temperature threshold reaches the first time threshold, or when the duration for which there is no precipitation, as determined by the humidity signal collected by the humidity sensor 5, reaches the second time threshold, the controller 4 switches to the background autonomous management mode. At this time, the controller 4 operates in low-power standby mode. The controller 4's built-in data storage module and the communication module between the controller 4 and the main unit 6 of the weighing rain gauge are all powered off and stop operating. Only the functions of the first temperature sensor 1, the second temperature sensor 3, and the humidity sensor 5 are retained. The humidity sensor 5 operates intermittently at a low frequency, collecting a humidity signal every 30 seconds or 1 minute, compared to collecting a humidity signal every second under normal operation. The storage and control modules of the controller 4 are powered off, and components such as the heating film 2 and the third temperature sensor 10 stop working. The background autonomous management mode only retains the functions of monitoring and maintaining basic operation; therefore, the power consumption is extremely low. In extremely cold environments with a minimum temperature of -50℃, the average daily power consumption does not exceed 0.1W.

[0071] In one possible embodiment, in the heating self-test mode, the controller 4 controls the heating film 2 to turn on the heating, and checks each sensor and the heating film 2 based on the temperature signals collected by the first temperature sensor 1 and the third temperature sensor 10.

[0072] If the temperature change measured by the first temperature sensor 1 and the third temperature sensor 10 within a preset time is greater than the temperature change threshold, it is determined that the power supply and installation of the heating film 2 are normal and that the first temperature sensor 1 and the third temperature sensor 10 are normal.

[0073] If the temperature change collected by the first temperature sensor 1 within a preset time is less than or equal to the temperature change threshold, and the temperature change collected by the third temperature sensor 10 within a preset time is greater than the temperature change threshold, and the first temperature sensor 1 changes in accordance with the second temperature sensor 3, then it is determined that the heating film 2 is powered normally, the installation is abnormal, and both the first temperature sensor 1 and the third temperature sensor 10 are normal.

[0074] If the temperature change collected by the first temperature sensor 1 within a preset time is less than or equal to the temperature change threshold, the temperature change collected by the third temperature sensor 10 within a preset time is greater than the temperature change threshold, and the first temperature sensor 1 does not follow the change of the second temperature sensor 3, then it is determined that the heating film 2 is powered normally, the third temperature sensor 10 is normal, and the first temperature sensor 1 is abnormal.

[0075] If the temperature change collected by the third temperature sensor 10 within a preset time is less than or equal to the temperature change threshold and the third temperature sensor 10 follows the change of the second temperature sensor 3, then it is determined that the heating film 2 is abnormally powered and the third temperature sensor 10 is normal.

[0076] If the temperature change collected by the first temperature sensor 1 within a preset time is greater than the temperature change threshold, and the temperature change collected by the third temperature sensor 10 within a preset time is less than or equal to the temperature change threshold and the third temperature sensor 10 does not follow the change of the second temperature sensor 3, then it is determined that the power supply and installation of the heating film 2 are normal, the first temperature sensor 1 is normal, and the third temperature sensor 10 is abnormal.

[0077] If the temperature changes collected by the first temperature sensor 1 and the third temperature sensor 10 within a preset time are both less than or equal to the temperature change threshold, and the first temperature sensor 1 changes with the second temperature sensor 3 while the third temperature sensor 10 does not change with the second temperature sensor 3, then the first temperature sensor 1 is determined to be normal and the third temperature sensor 10 is abnormal.

[0078] If the temperature changes collected by the first temperature sensor 1 and the third temperature sensor 10 within a preset time are both less than or equal to the temperature change threshold, and neither the first temperature sensor 1 nor the third temperature sensor 10 follows the change of the second temperature sensor 3, then it is determined that both the first temperature sensor 1 and the third temperature sensor 10 are abnormal.

[0079] Specifically, the self-inspection cycle is adjustable. Under specific heating conditions (no precipitation during self-inspection), it defaults to once a month. The temperature change threshold is 4℃ by default. After the controller checks each sensor and heating film 2, it stores the inspection results locally for status recording and uploads them to the host 6 of the weighing rain gauge so that relevant maintenance personnel can understand the equipment status in a timely manner and perform equipment maintenance.

[0080] The adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge provided in this embodiment of the invention has an applicable temperature range of -50℃ to 85℃. The controller 4 is normally in a background autonomous management mode, operating in a low-power mode. The first temperature sensor 1, the second temperature sensor 3, and the humidity sensor 5 normally monitor the ambient temperature, the temperature of the rain collection port 11, and the precipitation. Other sensors and components are not working. In this mode, the average power of the entire antifreeze device is 0.1W. When precipitation is detected based on the humidity signal collected by the humidity sensor 5, and the temperature collected by the first temperature sensor 1 or the second temperature sensor 3 is lower than the temperature threshold, adaptive heating is immediately activated. Through an adaptive dual-pulse-width modulation heating control algorithm, the temperature of the rain collection port 11 rises to the target temperature within a specified time to prevent the precipitation from freezing, and the temperature of the rain collection port 11 is stably maintained within 1℃ above or below the target temperature. If the interval between adjacent weighing measurements is long, during the middle period between two adjacent weighing measurements, the controller 4 controls the rain collection port 11 to maintain a pre-temperature slightly below the target temperature. Then, before the next weighing measurement, the rain collection port 11 is heated to the target temperature. This adaptive control throughout the process requires no parameter configuration, ensuring heating effect while effectively reducing power consumption. Heating stops when the ambient temperature exceeds the temperature threshold for a sustained period, or when the humidity sensor 5 determines there is no precipitation for a sustained period (generally requiring more than 10 minutes or two weighing measurements), and the system enters a background autonomous management mode. It can also periodically and automatically activate a heating self-test mode to automatically check the heating function and the functionality of each component, saving the diagnostic results and sending them to the main unit 6 of the weighing rain gauge. Testing shows that in extremely cold environments not lower than -50℃, the average power consumption of the entire anti-freeze device during a complete rainfall event does not exceed 40W.

[0081] This invention provides a weighing rain gauge equipped with an adaptive antifreeze device as described in this invention.

[0082] The weighing rain gauge provided in this embodiment of the invention has the functions and beneficial effects of the adaptive antifreeze device for the weighing rain gauge provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0083] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A weighing rain gauge adaptive antifreeze device, the weighing rain gauge comprising an outer barrel (9), a support frame (7) disposed inside the outer barrel (9), a water collector (8) disposed on the support frame (7), and a rain-collecting inlet (11) disposed on the outer barrel (9), characterized in that, The adaptive antifreeze device includes a first temperature sensor (1) located in the groove on the outer wall of the rain inlet (11), a heating film (2) located on the outer wall of the rain inlet (11), a second temperature sensor (3) located on the inner side of the outer barrel (9), a controller (4), a humidity sensor (5) located on the outer side of the outer barrel (9), and a third temperature sensor (10) located inside the heating film (2). The controller (4) is connected to each sensor and the heating film (2) and receives the collected signals fed back by each sensor. Based on the collected signals, it switches between the adaptive dual-pulse width heating mode and the background autonomous management mode to control the heating state of the heating film (2). Every time there is a self-test cycle, it switches the heating self-test mode once to check each sensor and the heating film (2).

2. The adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The groove on the outer wall of the rain-collecting opening (11) and the first temperature sensor (1) are filled with thermally conductive material.

3. The adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating film (2) comprises thermal insulation cotton, polyimide film, resistance wire and polyimide film stacked in sequence.

4. The adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rain-collecting opening (11) is made of aluminum alloy.

5. The adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller (4) switches between adaptive dual-pulse width heating mode and background autonomous management mode according to the collected signal, and controls the heating state of the heating film (2) including: When the temperature signal collected by the first temperature sensor (1) or the second temperature sensor (3) is less than the temperature threshold and the humidity signal collected by the humidity sensor (5) indicates that there is precipitation, the controller (4) switches to the adaptive dual-pulse width heating mode. In the adaptive dual-pulse width heating mode, the controller (4) controls the heating state of the heating film (2) through the adaptive dual-pulse width modulation heating control algorithm, so that the rain collection port (11) maintains the target temperature in each weighing measurement of the weighing rain gauge, and maintains the preparatory temperature between two adjacent weighing measurements of the weighing rain gauge. When the duration of the temperature signal collected by the second temperature sensor (3) being greater than the temperature threshold reaches the first time threshold, or when the duration of the absence of precipitation is determined to be greater than the second time threshold based on the humidity signal collected by the humidity sensor (5), the controller (4) switches to the background autonomous management mode. In the background autonomous management mode, the controller (4) controls the first temperature sensor (1), the second temperature sensor (3) and the humidity sensor (5) to work, and controls the heating film (2) and the third temperature sensor (10) to stop working, so that the average power of the adaptive antifreeze device is maintained within the power threshold range.

6. The adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge according to claim 5, characterized in that, The adaptive dual-pulse-width modulation heating control algorithm includes: An adaptive external pulse width modulation heating control algorithm is used to divide the heating process of the heating film (2) into an alternating heating stage and a preparation stage according to the weighing measurement cycle of the weighing rain gauge, so that the heating film (2) enters the heating stage before each weighing measurement of the weighing rain gauge, enters the preparation stage after each weighing measurement, and re-enters the heating stage from the preparation stage before the next weighing measurement. An adaptive internal pulse width modulation heating control algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the pulse width duty cycle control amount of the heating time of the heating film (2) based on the difference between the current temperature and the target temperature of the rain-collecting opening (11) using an improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm. Based on the pulse width duty cycle control amount, the heating film (2) is driven to work, so that the rain-collecting opening (11) is heated to the target temperature and maintained at the target temperature during the heating stage, and cooled to the preparation temperature and maintained at the preparation temperature during the preparation stage. Among them, the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient and derivative coefficient of the improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm are adaptively adjusted through fuzzy reasoning based on the difference between the current temperature of the rain inlet (11) and the target temperature and the temperature change of the heating film (2).

7. The adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge according to claim 6, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the time between the next weighing measurement of the weighing rain gauge and the re-entry of the heating film (2) from the preparatory stage to the heating stage is as follows: ； in, This indicates the time elapsed between the heating film (2) re-entering the heating stage from the preparatory stage and the next weighing measurement of the weighing rain gauge. , , , , , These represent the specific heat capacity, density, volume, temperature difference between the current temperature and the target temperature, heat absorption coefficient, and holding time after heating to the target temperature of the rain-collecting opening (11), respectively. This indicates the rated power of the heating film (2).

8. The adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge according to claim 6, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the pulse width duty cycle control of the heating time of the heating film (2) is as follows: ； in, Indicates the heating film (2) The pulse width duty cycle control amount for the heating time of the first heating cycle. , , These represent the heating film (2) and its first... , , The difference between the current temperature and the target temperature of the rain inlet (11) when the heating is turned on for the first time. , , These represent the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient of the improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm, respectively. This is a constant used to ensure that the improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm always has an output; The formulas for calculating the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient of the improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm are as follows: ； in, , , They represent , , initial value, , , They represent , , The corresponding scaling factor, , , They represent , , The corresponding adaptive adjustment value; The formulas for calculating the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient of the improved fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm are as follows: ； in, This indicates the time interval during which the first temperature sensor (1) collects temperature signals. This represents the difference between the current temperature and the target temperature of the rain inlet (11). This indicates the amount of temperature change in the heating film (2). , They represent , The corresponding judgment threshold, express The change Indicates or, It indicates that...

9. The adaptive antifreeze device for a weighing rain gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the heating self-test mode, the controller (4) controls the heating film (2) to turn on the heating, and checks each sensor and the heating film (2) according to the temperature signals collected by the first temperature sensor (1) and the third temperature sensor (10); If the temperature change collected by the first temperature sensor (1) and the third temperature sensor (10) within a preset time is greater than the temperature change threshold, it is determined that the power supply and installation of the heating film (2) are normal and the first temperature sensor (1) and the third temperature sensor (10) are normal. If the temperature change collected by the first temperature sensor (1) within a preset time is less than or equal to the temperature change threshold, the temperature change collected by the third temperature sensor (10) within a preset time is greater than the temperature change threshold, and the first temperature sensor (1) follows the change of the second temperature sensor (3), then it is determined that the heating film (2) is powered normally, the installation is abnormal, and both the first temperature sensor (1) and the third temperature sensor (10) are normal. If the temperature change collected by the first temperature sensor (1) within a preset time is less than or equal to the temperature change threshold, the temperature change collected by the third temperature sensor (10) within a preset time is greater than the temperature change threshold, and the first temperature sensor (1) does not follow the change of the second temperature sensor (3), then it is determined that the heating film (2) is powered normally, the third temperature sensor (10) is normal, and the first temperature sensor (1) is abnormal. If the temperature change collected by the third temperature sensor (10) within a preset time is less than or equal to the temperature change threshold and the third temperature sensor (10) follows the change of the second temperature sensor (3), then it is determined that the heating film (2) is abnormally powered and the third temperature sensor (10) is normal. If the temperature change collected by the first temperature sensor (1) within a preset time is greater than the temperature change threshold, the temperature change collected by the third temperature sensor (10) within a preset time is less than or equal to the temperature change threshold, and the third temperature sensor (10) does not follow the change of the second temperature sensor (3), then it is determined that the heating film (2) is powered and installed normally, the first temperature sensor (1) is normal, and the third temperature sensor (10) is abnormal. If the temperature change collected by the first temperature sensor (1) and the third temperature sensor (10) within a preset time is less than or equal to the temperature change threshold, the first temperature sensor (1) changes with the second temperature sensor (3) and the third temperature sensor (10) does not change with the second temperature sensor (3), then the first temperature sensor (1) is normal and the third temperature sensor (10) is abnormal. If the temperature change collected by the first temperature sensor (1) and the third temperature sensor (10) within a preset time is less than or equal to the temperature change threshold and neither the first temperature sensor (1) nor the third temperature sensor (10) follows the change of the second temperature sensor (3), then it is determined that both the first temperature sensor (1) and the third temperature sensor (10) are abnormal.

10. A weighing rain gauge, characterized in that, It is equipped with a weighing rain gauge adaptive antifreeze device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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