Coupling lens structure determination method

Abstract

The invention provides a coupling lens structure determination method, which relates to the technical field of optoelectronic device packaging, and is characterized in that based on metasurface microstructure design, a characteristic phase of a calibration lens at a preset light source position is extracted through optical design software, and through simulation modeling, structure interpenetration fusion and angular spectrum method expansion, a coupling lens structure is determined. Therefore, the composite collimating lens with a broadband achromatic function and large off-axis collimating tolerance is formed. The monocrystalline silicon nanometer microstructure and the silicon dioxide substrate are adopted to form the medium metasurface, structural unit parameters are optimized in combination with the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the problem of optical power drop caused by lens displacement under non-airtight packaging of a traditional lens is solved, the achromatic function in the 1260-1360nm wave band is achieved, meanwhile, the lens has the advantages of being small in size, low in cost and high in reliability, and the application range is wide. The method is suitable for optical communication scenes such as data centers.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of optoelectronic device packaging, and in particular to a method for determining a coupling lens structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a core component of optical communication systems, optical modules are responsible for the mutual conversion of electrical and optical signals, and their performance directly determines the quality of signal transmission. In the optical transmitting subassembly, the optical energy of the semiconductor laser needs to be coupled to the optical fiber through an optical lens. Traditional coupling lenses are usually made of bulk materials and fixed by glue. Due to the requirement of sub-micron optical tolerance on the side of the laser, the traditional lens is prone to positional shift under non-hermetic packaging environment due to factors such as glue aging and temperature changes, resulting in problems such as optical power drop and data packet loss.

[0003] At the same time, the chromatic aberration of traditional bulk lenses is mainly caused by the frequency dependence of the refractive index of the medium. A chromatic aberration correction system usually needs to be designed by combining multiple media materials, which has the defects of large volume, complex structure and high cost. As a new type of diffractive optical element, the superlens realizes optical function through phase modulation of super surface microstructure, and has the advantages of small volume, lightweight and batch manufacturing. However, there is no application of superlens in non-hermetic packaging scenarios of optical modules, and existing superlenses cannot meet the dual requirements of wide-band achromatism and large off-axis collimation tolerance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method for determining the structure of a coupling lens to solve the problems in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the prior art and proposes a method for determining the structure of a coupling lens.

[0005] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a method for determining the structure of a coupling lens, comprising:

[0006] Establishing a collimated light path model of a calibration lens, and extracting characteristic phases of a light source at a plurality of predetermined positions;

[0007] Importing the characteristic phases into a physical field simulation software, matching a nano microstructure parameter library through a particle swarm optimization algorithm, and generating superlens physical models corresponding to the plurality of positions through custom scripts and one-to-one mapping of the characteristic phases;

[0008] Using a structure interleaving method, the phase distribution corresponding to the characteristic positions is fused according to the spatial multiplexing rule to generate a basic physical model of a composite collimating lens;

[0009] Using an angular spectrum method to extend the basic physical model to a target coupling lens to obtain the final structure of the coupling lens.

[0010] Furthermore, a collimated optical path model for the calibration lens is established. The specific method includes: constructing a traditional collimating lens and its corresponding collimated optical path model using the optical design software Zemax, and exporting the model as the collimated optical path model for the calibration lens.

[0011] Furthermore, characteristic phases of the light source at multiple locations are extracted, wherein the multiple locations of the light source include at least three locations perpendicular to the optical axis: (-1,0)μm, (0,0)μm, and (1,0)μm.

[0012] Furthermore, the physical model includes the length, width, height, and array distribution information of the nanostructure. The specific implementation method includes: mapping the characteristic phase to nanostructure parameters through a customized script. The optimization objective of the particle swarm optimization algorithm is to achieve continuous phase coverage from 0 to 2π and a 1 / λ linearly correlated transmission phase response, where λ is the operating wavelength.

[0013] Furthermore, by employing the structural interleaving method, the phase distribution corresponding to the feature positions is fused according to the spatial reuse rules to generate the basic physical model of the composite collimating lens. The specific method includes: dividing the lens metasurface microstructure into multiple functional sub-regions, each sub-region corresponding to the phase modulation requirement of a feature position, and realizing the integration of multiple optical functions through the spatial staggered arrangement of nanostructures.

[0014] Furthermore, the lens metasurface microstructure is divided into multiple functional sub-regions, each including at least a light-converging functional region and a light-deflecting and converging functional region, so that the phase distribution of the outgoing light field remains consistent after light sources at different locations pass through the functional sub-regions.

[0015] Furthermore, the calibration lens has a diameter of 31 μm and a focal length range of 15.5 μm; the calibration lens has a diameter range of 10 μm-50 μm and a focal length range of 10 μm-20 μm; the target coupling lens has a light transmission diameter of 500 μm and a focal length range of 250 μm-400 μm.

[0016] Furthermore, the fundamental physical model is extended to the target coupling lens using the angular spectrum method to obtain the final structure of the coupling lens. Specific methods include:

[0017] A two-dimensional Fourier transform is performed on the initial wavefield of the light source to obtain the angular spectrum distribution;

[0018] The angular spectrum is phase-modulated using the free-space transfer function corresponding to the phase distribution of the lens microstructure mapping obtained based on the above method.

[0019] The far-field wave field distribution under the target coupling lens is obtained by performing an inverse Fourier transform on the modulated angular spectrum.

[0020] The parameters of the nanostructure array are adjusted according to the far-field wave field distribution to ensure the collimation effect of the lens within the preset position range of the light source.

[0021] Furthermore, the achromatic function of the coupling lens is achieved through phase compensation, which satisfies the formula:

[0022]

[0023] Where R is the distance from the nanostructure to the center of the lens. Let f be the lens radius, f be the focal length, and C(λ) be the phase factor that is only related to the maximum operating wavelength.

[0024] Secondly, the present invention also discloses an electronic device, comprising:

[0025] One or more processors;

[0026] Memory, used to store one or more programs;

[0027] When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the structure determination method.

[0028] This invention provides a method for determining the structure of a coupling lens. Based on metasurface microstructure design, it extracts the characteristic phase of the calibrated lens at a preset light source position using optical design software. Through simulation modeling, structural interleaving and fusion, and angular spectrum expansion, a composite collimating lens with wide-band achromatic function and large off-axis collimation tolerance is formed. This invention uses a single-crystal silicon nanostructure and a silicon dioxide substrate to form a dielectric metasurface. Combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the structural unit parameters, it solves the problems of misalignment, optical power drop, and chromatic aberration in traditional lenses under non-hermetically sealed packaging. It also has the advantages of small size, low cost, and high reliability, making it suitable for optical communication scenarios such as data centers.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. This invention adopts a metasurface microstructure design, which effectively solves the problem of displacement of traditional bulk lenses and adhesive fixation during the working process, fundamentally solving the problem of light power change caused by micro-displacement in the adhesive curing process, and improving the stability of light power;

[0031] 2. This invention achieves phase multiplexing at multiple feature positions through structural interleaving, enabling the lens to maintain efficient collimation within a ±1μm off-axis range, and improving the optical reliability tolerance of the lens compared to traditional lenses;

[0032] 3. This invention achieves wideband achromatic function based on particle swarm optimization algorithm and specific phase profile design, without the need for multiple media combination, reducing size and manufacturing cost;

[0033] 4. This invention uses a classic dielectric combination of monocrystalline silicon and silicon dioxide, combined with nanotechnology, to achieve high yield in mass production, cost advantage, and reliability that meets the long-term operating requirements of data center optical modules. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining a coupling lens structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a conventional lens optical path provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lens microstructure stacking provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments of the present invention to aid understanding. These should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art should recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Similarly, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0039] Where there is no conflict, the various embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof may be combined with each other.

[0040] As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more related enumerated entries.

[0041] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that when the terms “comprising” and / or “made of” are used in this specification, the presence of the stated feature, integral, step, operation, element, and / or component is specified, but the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof is not excluded. Terms such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0042] Unless otherwise specified, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. It will also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having the meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the invention, and will not be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning unless expressly so defined herein.

[0043] In the technical solution of this invention, the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, and disclosure of user personal information all comply with relevant laws and regulations and do not violate public order and good morals. The use of user data in this technical solution follows relevant national laws and regulations (e.g., the "Information Security Technology - Personal Information Security Specification"). For example: appropriate measures are taken for personal information access control; restrictions are imposed on the display of personal information; the purpose of using personal information does not exceed the scope of direct or reasonable association; and explicit identity targeting is eliminated when using personal information to avoid precisely locating a specific individual.

[0044] To address at least one of the technical problems existing in the aforementioned related technologies, the present invention provides a method for determining the structure of a coupling lens.

[0045] This embodiment discloses a method for determining the structure of a coupling lens, such as... Figure 1 ,include:

[0046] S100. Establish a collimated optical path model for the calibration lens and extract the characteristic phases of the light source at multiple preset positions. In this embodiment, the collimated optical path model for the calibration lens is established. Specifically, this involves constructing a traditional collimating lens and its corresponding collimated optical path model using the optical design software Zemax, and then exporting the model as the collimated optical path model for the calibration lens. Zemax is a benchmark software in the global optical design field, integrating optical system modeling, simulation analysis, optimization iteration, and tolerance verification, covering the needs of the entire industry from consumer electronics to aerospace. Its core value lies in providing full-process support from conceptual design to mass production through a dual-engine approach of "geometric optics + physical optics," combined with intuitive visualization and automation tools.

[0047] Specifically, the phase distribution of a traditional lens is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the coupling lens of the structure needs to be determined to replace the traditional collimating lens. In addition to achieving the phase distribution of the traditional lens, the coupling lens also needs to meet the requirement of being insensitive to lens displacement.

[0048] Through step S100 of this embodiment, the core of achieving integrated model construction and export is to clarify the parameter settings, verification standards and export specifications of each step, so as to ensure that the exported model can be directly used as the collimation optical path reference template for calibration lenses, and is suitable for phase extraction and performance benchmarking in subsequent metasurface lens design.

[0049] S200. Import the characteristic phase into the physics simulation software, match the nanostructure parameter library through the particle swarm optimization algorithm, and generate a superlens physical model corresponding to multiple positions by mapping the characteristic phase one by one through a customized script; the multiple positions of the light source include at least three positions: (-1,0)μm, (0,0)μm, and (1,0)μm.

[0050] In this embodiment, the physical model includes the length, width, height, and array distribution information of the nanostructures. The specific implementation method includes mapping the characteristic phase to nanostructure parameters using a customized script. The optimization objective of the particle swarm optimization algorithm is to achieve continuous phase coverage from 0 to 2π and a 1 / λ linearly correlated transmission phase response, where λ is the operating wavelength. Silicon dioxide is used as the substrate material, and single-crystal silicon is used as the nanostructure material. Single-crystal silicon has high refractive index (≥3.4) and low absorption loss (≤0.01dB / cm) in the near-infrared band, enabling efficient phase modulation; silicon dioxide possesses good optical transparency and process compatibility, reducing manufacturing costs.

[0051] In this embodiment, the diameter of the calibration lens ranges from 10μm to 50μm, and the focal length ranges from 10μm to 20μm. For example, a collimated optical path model of the calibration lens with a diameter of 31μm and a focal length of 15.5μm is established using Zemax software to simulate the optical propagation process of the light source at three characteristic positions: (-1,0)μm, (0,0)μm, and (1,0)μm. The characteristic phase data of each position is obtained using the software's built-in phase export function. The characteristic phase is imported into FDTD simulation software, and the nanostructure parameter library is matched based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). This algorithm optimizes the nanostructure through more than 500 iterations to ensure that the transmission phase response of the nanostructure satisfies a 1 / λ linear relationship, where λ is the working wavelength, achieving continuous phase coverage from 0 to 2π, and generating the physical model of the superlens corresponding to each characteristic position.

[0052] In this embodiment, because the focusing effect of a lens on light of different frequencies is frequency-dependent, light of different wavelengths cannot be focused on the same plane. This often leads to a degradation in the imaging effect of a broadband imaging system, known as chromatic aberration. Traditional volume lenses, as reflective optical elements, primarily suffer from chromatic aberration due to the frequency dependence of the medium's refractive index. Methods to eliminate chromatic aberration often involve designing lens combinations that utilize the differences in refractive index variations of different medium materials to ultimately achieve chromatic aberration in the imaging system. However, such achromatic lenses are bulky and complex to design. Coupled lenses, as diffractive optical elements, primarily suffer from chromatic aberration due to two factors: the resonant phase dispersion of the metasurface structure and the phase difference accumulated as light propagates in free space. However, the phase modulation of a metalens is flexible and customizable, creating conditions for providing chromatic aberration performance for a single optical element. Furthermore, metalenses are smaller and lighter than refractive lenses and can be manufactured at low cost using traditional nanotechnology. In this embodiment, the chromatic aberration function of the coupled lens is achieved through phase compensation, which satisfies the formula:

[0053]

[0054] Where R is the distance from the nanostructure to the center of the lens. Let R be the lens radius, f be the focal length, and C(λ) be the phase factor, which is only related to the maximum operating wavelength. Specifically, R = Where λ is the distance from the nanostructure to the center of the lens, f is the focal length, and C(λ) is the phase compensation factor that is only related to the maximum working wavelength λ_max. It is determined by the particle swarm optimization algorithm to ensure that the focal length fluctuation is ≤ ±5μm in the 1260nm-1650nm band.

[0055] S300. Using the structural interleaving method, the phase distributions corresponding to the feature positions are fused according to the spatial reuse rules to generate the basic physical model of the composite collimating lens;

[0056] In this embodiment, a structural interleaving method is employed to fuse the phase distributions corresponding to the feature positions according to spatial reuse rules, generating the basic physical model of the composite collimating lens. Specifically, the method includes dividing the lens metasurface microstructure into multiple functional sub-regions, each sub-region corresponding to the phase modulation requirement of a feature position. Multiple optical functions are integrated through the spatially staggered arrangement of the nanostructures. Specifically, each sub-functional region includes at least a light-converging functional region and a light-deflecting and converging functional region, ensuring that the phase distribution of the emitted light field remains consistent after passing through the functional sub-regions from light sources at different locations.

[0057] Specifically, by following specific rules, the metasurface microstructures required for different phases under different positional conditions are arranged to generate an integrated microstructure distribution that combines the microstructure distributions of three operating conditions; for example... Figure 3As shown, the microstructure distribution on the left achieves collimation of converging light, and the microstructure distribution in the middle achieves deflection of parallel light. By superimposing the two types of microstructure distributions together, the functions of collimation and deflection of converging light can be achieved.

[0058] The S300 step disclosed in this embodiment divides the surface of the superlens into several functional sub-regions, each corresponding to the phase modulation requirement of a characteristic position. Through the staggered arrangement of nanostructures, a single lens can simultaneously collimate the light source at three characteristic positions and the intermediate transition position. During the fusion process, a customized FDTD script ensures that the phase modulation of each sub-region does not interfere with each other, forming a basic model of a "multi-functional" composite collimating lens.

[0059] S400. The fundamental physical model is extended to the target coupling lens using the angular spectrum method to obtain the final structure of the coupling lens. Since the actual designed lens radius is too large to be simulated in an FTDT script, we utilize the angular spectrum method for its design. The angular spectrum method is a numerical algorithm based on Fourier optics used to calculate the propagation of light waves in free space. Its core idea is to decompose the initial wavefield into a series of plane wave components, each corresponding to a different propagation direction. Then, the phase of each component is modulated using the free space transfer function, and finally, the propagated wavefield is obtained through inverse Fourier transform.

[0060] In this embodiment, the fundamental physical model is extended to the target coupling lens using the angular spectrum method to obtain the final structure of the coupling lens. The specific method includes:

[0061] A two-dimensional Fourier transform is performed on the initial wavefield of the light source to obtain the angular spectrum distribution;

[0062] The angular spectrum is phase-modulated using the free-space transfer function corresponding to the phase distribution of the lens microstructure mapping obtained based on the above method.

[0063] The far-field wave field distribution under the target coupling lens is obtained by performing an inverse Fourier transform on the modulated angular spectrum.

[0064] The parameters of the nanostructure array are adjusted according to the far-field wave field distribution to ensure the collimation effect of the lens within the preset position range of the light source.

[0065] Specifically, when the target coupling lens has a diameter of 500 μm and a focal length range of 250 μm, the specific steps include:

[0066] A two-dimensional Fourier transform is performed on the initial wavefield U(x,y,z=0) of the basic model to obtain the angular spectrum distribution. ,in , Spatial frequency;

[0067] Using free space transfer function H( , ;z)= The angular spectrum is modulated, where kz is an imaginary number. k = 2π / λ is the wave number;

[0068] neglect The corresponding evanescent wave component is used to perform an inverse Fourier transform on the modulated angular spectrum to obtain the far-field wave field U(x,y,z);

[0069] The parameters of the nanostructure array were adjusted according to the far-field wave field distribution to ensure that the light power attenuation of the light source in the (-1,1)μm off-axis range was ≤0.5dB, thus completing the final structure design of the lens.

[0070] This embodiment provides a method for determining the structure of a coupling lens. Based on metasurface microstructure design, it extracts the characteristic phase of the calibrated lens at a preset light source position using optical design software. Through simulation modeling, structural interleaving and fusion, and angular spectrum expansion, a composite collimating lens with wide-band achromatic function and large off-axis collimation tolerance is formed. This invention uses a single-crystal silicon nanostructure and a silicon dioxide substrate to form a dielectric metasurface. Combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the structural unit parameters, it solves the problems of misalignment, optical power drop, and chromatic aberration in traditional lenses under non-hermetically sealed packaging. It also has the advantages of small size, low cost, and high reliability, and is suitable for optical communication scenarios such as data centers.

[0071] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device. Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device including: one or more processors 101, a memory 102, and one or more I / O interfaces 103. The memory 102 stores one or more programs, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement any of the structure determination methods described in the above embodiments; the one or more I / O interfaces 103 are connected between the processor and the memory, configured to enable information interaction between the processor and the memory.

[0072] The processor 101 is a device with data processing capabilities, including but not limited to a central processing unit (CPU); the memory 102 is a device with data storage capabilities, including but not limited to random access memory (RAM, more specifically SDRAM, DDR, etc.), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and flash memory (FLASH); the I / O interface (read / write interface) 103 is connected between the processor 101 and the memory 102, and can realize information interaction between the processor 101 and the memory 102, including but not limited to a data bus (Bus).

[0073] In some embodiments, the processor 101, memory 102, and I / O interface 103 are interconnected via bus 104, and thus connected to other components of the computing device.

[0074] In some embodiments, the one or more processors 101 include a field-programmable gate array.

[0075] This invention also provides a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the structure determination methods described in the above embodiments. The computer-readable storage medium may be volatile or non-volatile.

[0076] This invention also provides a computer program product, including computer-readable code, or a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium carrying computer-readable code. When the computer-readable code is run in the processor of an electronic device, the processor in the electronic device executes the above-described structure determination method.

[0077] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or some of the steps, systems, and apparatuses disclosed above, and their functional modules / units, can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or suitable combinations thereof. In hardware implementations, the division between functional modules / units mentioned above does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, a physical component may have multiple functions, or a function or step may be performed collaboratively by several physical components. Some or all physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Such software can be distributed on a computer-readable storage medium, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transient media).

[0078] As is known to those skilled in the art, the term computer storage medium includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storing information, such as computer-readable program instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), static random access memory (SRAM), flash memory or other memory technologies, portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical disc storage, magnetic cartridges, magnetic tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired information and is accessible to a computer. Furthermore, it is known to those skilled in the art that communication media typically contain computer-readable program instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in modulated data signals such as carrier waves or other transmission mechanisms, and may include any information delivery medium.

[0079] The computer-readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded from computer-readable storage media to various computing / processing devices, or downloaded via a network, such as the Internet, local area network, wide area network, and / or wireless network, to an external computer or external storage device. The network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmission, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing / processing device receives the computer-readable program instructions from the network and forwards them to the computer-readable storage media in the respective computing / processing device.

[0080] The computer program instructions used to perform the operations of this invention may be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state setting data, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Smalltalk, C++, etc., and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The computer-readable program instructions may be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)—or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry, such as programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or programmable logic arrays (PLAs), is personalized by utilizing state information from the computer-readable program instructions. This electronic circuitry can execute the computer-readable program instructions to implement various aspects of the invention.

[0081] The computer program product described herein can be implemented specifically through hardware, software, or a combination thereof. In one alternative embodiment, the computer program product is specifically embodied in a computer storage medium; in another alternative embodiment, the computer program product is specifically embodied in a software product, such as a software development kit (SDK), etc.

[0082] Various aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It should be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-readable program instructions.

[0083] These computer-readable program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine such that, when executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, they create means for implementing the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart and / or block diagram. These computer-readable program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that causes a computer, programmable data processing apparatus, and / or other device to operate in a particular manner; thus, the computer-readable medium storing the instructions comprises an article of manufacture that includes instructions for implementing aspects of the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0084] Computer-readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby causing the instructions executed on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to perform the functions / actions specified in one or more boxes of a flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0085] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of an instruction, which contains one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. In some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those shown in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, may be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0086] Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and while specific terminology has been used, it is for illustrative purposes only and should be construed as such, and is not intended to be limiting. In some instances, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that features, characteristics, and / or elements described in conjunction with particular embodiments may be used alone, or in combination with features, characteristics, and / or elements described in conjunction with other embodiments, unless otherwise expressly indicated. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining the structure of a coupling lens, characterized in that, include: Establish a collimated optical path model for the calibration lens and extract the characteristic phases of the light source at multiple preset positions; The characteristic phases are imported into the physical field simulation software, and the nanostructure parameter library is determined by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. A customized script is then used to map the characteristic phases one by one to generate a superlens physical model corresponding to multiple positions. By employing the structural interleaving method and fusing the phase distributions corresponding to the feature positions according to the spatial reuse rules, a basic physical model of the composite collimating lens is generated. The fundamental physical model is extended to the target coupling lens using the angular spectrum method to obtain the final structure of the coupling lens.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collimated optical path model of the calibration lens is established by means of: constructing a traditional collimating lens and its corresponding collimated optical path model using the optical design software Zemax, and exporting the model as the collimated optical path model of the calibration lens.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The characteristic phase of the light source is extracted at multiple locations, wherein the multiple locations of the light source include at least three locations in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis: (-1,0)μm, (0,0)μm, and (1,0)μm.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical model includes the length, width, height, and array distribution information of the nanostructure. The specific implementation method includes: determining the nanostructure parameters corresponding to the characteristic phase through a customized script. The optimization objective of the particle swarm optimization algorithm is to achieve continuous phase coverage from 0 to 2π and a 1 / λ linearly correlated transmission phase response, where λ is the operating wavelength.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structural interleaving method is adopted to fuse the phase distribution corresponding to the feature positions according to the spatial reuse rules to generate the basic physical model of the composite collimating lens. The specific method includes: dividing the lens metasurface microstructure into multiple functional sub-regions, each sub-region corresponding to the phase modulation requirement of a feature position, and realizing the integration of multiple optical functions through the spatial interleaving of nanostructures.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lens metasurface microstructure is divided into multiple functional sub-regions, each including at least a light-converging functional region and a light-deflecting and converging functional region, so that the phase distribution of the emitted light field remains consistent after passing through the functional regions from light sources at different locations.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calibration lens has a light transmission diameter range of 10μm-50μm and a focal length range of 10μm-20μm; the target coupling lens has a light transmission diameter of 500μm and a focal length range of 250μm-400μm.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fundamental physical model is extended to the target coupling lens using the angular spectrum method to obtain the final structure of the coupling lens. Specific methods include: A two-dimensional Fourier transform is performed on the initial wavefield of the light source to obtain the angular spectrum distribution; The angular spectrum is phase-modulated using the free-space transfer function corresponding to the phase distribution of the lens microstructure mapping obtained based on the above method. The far-field wave field distribution under the target coupling lens is obtained by performing an inverse Fourier transform on the modulated angular spectrum. The parameters of the nanostructure array are adjusted according to the far-field wave field distribution to ensure the collimation effect of the lens within the preset position range of the light source.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The achromatic function of the coupling lens is achieved through phase compensation, which satisfies the formula: Where R is the distance from the nanostructure to the center of the lens. Let f be the lens radius, f be the focal length, and C(λ) be the phase factor that is only related to the maximum operating wavelength.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; Memory, used to store one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the structure determination method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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