Multifunctional composite light-emitting cable and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a multifunctional composite light-emitting cable and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of cables. The multifunctional composite light-emitting cable comprises a fluorescent fiber core, a magnetic response layer, a microbial decomposition layer and a self-adhesive sheath layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, the fluorescent fiber core comprises a red light layer, a green light layer and a blue light layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside; the material of the magnetic response layer comprises silica gel and a Fe3O4 coated SiO2 core-shell material dispersed in the silica gel; the microbial decomposition layer comprises fourth thermoplastic polyurethane and functional powder; the functional powder is prepared from Au / TiO2-WO3 nano enzyme and a chitosan-mannan oligosaccharide microcapsule; the material of the self-adhesive sheath layer comprises fifth thermoplastic polyurethane and an organic silicon-acrylate copolymer pressure-sensitive adhesive microcapsule; the cable has the advantages of high toughness, excellent bending resistance and good color changing effect, and integrates the microbial decomposition characteristic and the induction function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cable technology, and particularly relates to a multifunctional composite light-emitting cable and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In the application of high-end intelligent equipment, especially in complex scenarios such as automobiles, higher requirements are placed on the functional integration, intelligence and environmental protection of cables. There is an urgent need for a cable solution that can simultaneously meet the needs of in-vehicle environment purification, magnetic field sensing dimming, and self-adhesive installation, while taking into account intelligence, environmental protection and reliability.

[0003] Existing technologies have many shortcomings and are difficult to adapt to the above-mentioned needs: In current single-function cable technologies, conventional optical cables focus solely on communication transmission; self-adhesive cables achieve installation through adhesive coating on the sheath; side-emitting optical fibers or LED light strips emphasize visual indication and decorative functions; and some biodegradable cables use materials such as PLA for their sheaths to meet environmental protection requirements. All these technologies have the limitation of single-function operation and cannot achieve multi-functional synergy. Regarding fluorescence color-changing and purification technologies, foreign technologies such as the traditional phosphor color-changing technology in patent JP2020155000A only pursue visual effects, while domestic technologies such as the ultraviolet purification material in patent CN110272754A have spectra that do not overlap with visible light ambient lights, resulting in a disconnect between fluorescence color-changing and purification functions, and failing to achieve synergistic adaptation between spectrum and function. In terms of cable manufacturing technology, the traditional extrusion process using a 30-screw extruder (L / D=25) for cable sheathing and functional filler processing has weak dispersion ability, making it difficult to achieve uniform dispersion of phosphor. When conventional LED + light guide plate solutions are used for lighting cables to achieve light emission, there is a problem with the small direct laser beam angle, resulting in a curved surface illuminance uniformity of <70%, and the photocatalytic purification response is slow, with formaldehyde decomposition requiring more than 2 hours, which cannot meet the real-time purification requirements. At the same time, multi-layer structure preparation is prone to color bleeding and unstable interlayer interfaces. In the combination of biosensing and light emission technology, although some biosensing light-emitting optical cables achieve biosignal sensing and light emission response by filling the sheath with inductive light-emitting powder and biosensors, they do not involve the integration of environmental purification and self-adhesive functions, and still cannot meet the requirements of multi-functional integration.

[0004] Overall, existing technologies mostly focus on achieving single functions. Even simply combining functions such as communication, adhesion, and light emission results in complex cable structures, poor flexibility, and a lack of intelligent sensing capabilities that automatically adjust to the environment. In terms of material performance and environmental friendliness, external adhesives suffer from issues such as easy adhesion decay, residual stains, and non-degradability. The decomposition process of current biodegradable cables is passive and uncontrollable, and the mechanical properties and long-term durability of the materials are inferior to traditional materials. Phosphors are prone to agglomeration, have a high thermal quenching rate, and poor light emission uniformity (CV value > 35%). In terms of intelligence and adaptability, existing technologies lack a rapid response mechanism for magnetic field-spectral linkage, and the mode switching response time cannot meet automotive-grade requirements. Cable installation flexibility is insufficient, the bending radius is large, and it is difficult to adapt to complex curved surface scenarios. Furthermore, a closed-loop control of "perception-decision-execution" has not been formed, resulting in poor product performance consistency. The current state of traditional cables with single functions can no longer keep up with the industry development trend of intelligence and environmental protection, and it is difficult to solve the needs for multi-functional collaboration and efficient adaptation of cables in complex scenarios.

[0005] Therefore, developing a multifunctional composite luminescent cable and its preparation method can overcome many shortcomings of existing technologies, realize the integration of multiple functions such as communication, bonding, luminescence, and environmental purification, and take into account the environmental protection characteristics of ambient lighting, convenient installation, in-vehicle environmental purification and microbial decomposition. It can provide an integrated and high-performance cable solution for high-end intelligent equipment, which has important practical significance and application value. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a multifunctional composite luminescent cable and its preparation method. This cable combines high toughness, excellent bending resistance, and good color-changing effect, integrates microbial decomposition characteristics and sensing function, and can operate stably in complex environments such as automobiles, meeting the access requirements for high-speed and short-distance transmission.

[0007] The first objective of this invention is to provide a multifunctional composite light-emitting cable, comprising, from the inside out, a fluorescent fiber core, a magnetic response layer, a microbial decomposition layer, and a self-adhesive sheath layer arranged sequentially. The fluorescent fiber core comprises, from the inside out, a red light layer, a green light layer, and a blue light layer arranged sequentially. The red light layer comprises a first thermoplastic polyurethane and a red light powder; the red light powder comprises CaAlSiN3:Eu 2 + Doping in CaAlSiN3:Eu 2+ Cr 3+ :Ga2O3; The green light layer comprises a second thermoplastic polyurethane and green light powder; the green light powder comprises (Ba,Sr)₂SiO₄:Eu 2+ Doping in (Ba,Sr)₂SiO₄:Eu2+ Bi in 3+ ; The blue light layer comprises a third thermoplastic polyurethane and blue light powder; the blue light powder comprises Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu 2+ , coated on Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu 2+ MgF2 on the surface; The material of the magnetic response layer includes silicone and Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell material dispersed in the silicone; The microbial decomposition layer comprises a fourth thermoplastic polyurethane and functional powders; the functional powders comprise Au / TiO2-WO3 nanoenzymes and chitosan-mannan oligosaccharide microcapsules; The self-adhesive sheath layer is made of fifth thermoplastic polyurethane and silicone-acrylate copolymer pressure-sensitive adhesive microcapsules.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the red light layer, the green light layer and the blue light layer is (25-28):(32-35):(37-40); And / or, the mass ratio of the first thermoplastic polyurethane to the red light powder is (60-65):(35-40); the CaAlSiN3:Eu 2+ and Cr 3+ The mass ratio of Ga₂O₃ is 100:(0.48-0.52); Cr 3+ Co-doping with Ga2O3 can form new defect energy levels or change the matrix lattice constant, making Eu... 2+ The 5d energy level centroid shifts downward, achieving a redshift of the red light peak. The broadened green light spectrum and the redshifted red light spectrum allow the device spectrum to form a larger color triangle on the colorimetric diagram, improving the color gamut. At the same time, the redshifted red light emission peak can better match the reflection spectrum of objects such as human blood and safflower, improving the color rendering index (R9). And / or, the mass ratio of the second thermoplastic polyurethane to the green light powder is (60-65):(35-40); the (Ba,Sr)2SiO4:Eu 2+ and Bi 3+ The mass ratio is 100:(0.28-0.32); Bi 3+ The incorporation can serve as an additional luminescent center or alter Eu through energy transfer. 2+ Localized crystal field environment broadens the green light emission spectrum; And / or, the mass ratio of the third thermoplastic polyurethane to the blue light powder is (60-65):(35-40); the Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu 2+ The mass ratio of MgF2 to MgF2 is 100:(3.8-4.2); in Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu 2+The surface is coated with a MgF2 layer to form a core-shell structure. Its low refractive index reduces light scattering loss and isolates the interaction between phosphor surface defects and Eu²⁺, suppressing nonradiative transitions and improving blue light emission efficiency. At the same time, it provides a thermal insulation physical barrier for the phosphor, reducing the interaction between phonons and excited-state Eu²⁺ at high temperatures. 2+ The quenching effect.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the CaAlSiN3:Eu 2+ (Ba,Sr)2SiO4:Eu 2+ and Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu 2+ Hydrophobic treatment.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the silica gel to the Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell material is 100:(19-21).

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the fourth thermoplastic polyurethane to the functional powder is (65-75):(25-35); And / or, the mass ratio of the Au / TiO2-WO3 nanozyme to the chitosan-mannooligosaccharide microcapsules is 1:(0.9-1.1); under light irradiation, the Au / TiO2-WO3 nanozyme generates highly oxidizing hydroxyl radicals (・OH) and superoxide radicals (・O2⁻), TiO2 and WO3 form a Z-shaped heterojunction, and Au acts as an electron trap. The three work synergistically to greatly improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and enhance catalytic activity. It can non-selectively oxidize VOCs such as formaldehyde and benzene into harmless CO2 and H2O, achieving complete degradation. Moreover, the byproducts of the photocatalytic reaction can activate the chitosan microcapsule wall material, causing it to release mannooligosaccharides. Mannooligosaccharides, as prebiotics, promote the proliferation of lactobacilli on the surface of leather / fabric in the car. At the same time, the free radicals generated by the nanozyme can directly destroy the cell membrane and DNA of bacteria. The strong growth of lactobacilli can also inhibit the survival of mold and harmful bacteria by competing for nutrients and space, thus constructing a healthy surface microecology.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the fifth thermoplastic polyurethane and the silicone-acrylate copolymer pressure-sensitive adhesive microcapsule is (75-85):(15-25); the silicone-acrylate copolymer pressure-sensitive adhesive microcapsule releases pressure-sensitive adhesive after being compressed, which can achieve bonding with the curved surface of the automotive interior, and the silicone-acrylate copolymer pressure-sensitive adhesive microcapsule is uniformly dispersed in the thermoplastic polyurethane matrix, and the capsule wall material serves as a flexible body to ensure the overall ultra-flexibility of the cable.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the fluorescent fiber core is 0.05mm-0.08mm; And / or, the thickness of the magnetic response layer is 0.05mm-0.08mm; And / or, the thickness of the microbial decomposition layer is 0.05mm-0.08mm; And / or, the thickness of the self-adhesive sheath layer is 0.1mm-0.15mm.

[0014] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the aforementioned multifunctional composite light-emitting cable, comprising the following steps: S1. Mix the materials of each layer evenly according to the ratio, and granulate them to obtain red light layer masterbatch, green light layer masterbatch, blue light layer masterbatch, magnetic response layer masterbatch, microbial decomposition layer masterbatch and self-adhesive sheath layer masterbatch respectively. S2. Fluorescent fiber cores are made from the red light layer masterbatch, green light layer masterbatch and blue light layer masterbatch described in S1 by coaxial co-extrusion drawing process. S3. The fluorescent fiber core described in S1 is fed into the magnetic response layer extrusion unit, and magnetic response layer masterbatch is added to the feed port of the unit. Under the action of an external magnetic field of 0.3T-0.5T, a magnetic response layer is formed on the surface of the fluorescent fiber core. S4. The cable coated with the magnetic response layer is fed into the microbial decomposition layer extrusion unit, and microbial decomposition layer masterbatch is added to the feed port of the unit to form a microbial decomposition layer on the surface of the magnetic response layer. S5. The cable coated with the microbial decomposition layer is fed into the self-adhesive sheath extrusion unit, and self-adhesive sheath masterbatch is added to the feed port of the unit to form a self-adhesive sheath layer on the surface of the microbial decomposition layer. S6. The cable after being covered with a self-adhesive sheath is subjected to gradient cooling and then dried to obtain a multifunctional composite luminous cable.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the extrusion parameters of the red light layer are: barrel temperature of 155℃-165℃ and screw speed of 48rpm-52rpm; And / or, the extrusion parameters of the green light layer are: barrel temperature of 150℃-160℃, screw speed of 53rpm-57rpm; And / or, the extrusion parameters of the blue light layer are: barrel temperature of 145℃-155℃, screw speed of 58rpm-62rpm; And / or, the extrusion parameters of the magnetic response layer are: barrel temperature of 145℃-155℃, screw speed of 43rpm-47rpm; And / or, the extrusion parameters of the microbial decomposition layer are: barrel temperature of 150℃-160℃, screw speed of 38rpm-42rpm; And / or, the extrusion parameters of the self-adhesive sheath layer are: barrel temperature of 150℃-160℃ and screw speed of 48rpm-52rpm.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the gradient cooling is first cooled in water at 25°C-30°C, then cooled in water at 15°C-20°C, and finally cooled in water at 5°C-10°C.

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: (1) The multifunctional composite light-emitting cable of the present invention performs doping or coating treatment on the fluorescent material, optimizes the rigidity of the crystal structure, and improves the thermal stability. In addition, the surface coating can prevent the phosphor surface from being oxidized in a high-temperature environment, avoid the change of valence state of the light-emitting center or the formation of new quenching centers, and ensure the stability of the color coordinates.

[0018] (2) The Fe3O4@SiO2 in the multifunctional composite light-emitting cable of the present invention is a superparamagnetic nanoparticle. Under the action of an external magnetic field, it can be arranged in a chain along the direction of the magnetic field lines. The formed nanochain can constitute a photonic crystal structure or scattering network, thereby changing the local light field environment and photon transmission path around the phosphor, producing a microcavity resonance enhancement effect or scattering enhancement effect for light of a specific wavelength, while suppressing light of other wavelengths, thereby achieving precise control of brightness and color temperature. At the same time, the magnetic particle chain formed by the core-shell material of Fe3O4@SiO2 driven by the magnetic field can act like a "nanoplow" to peel off and de-agglomerate the phosphor agglomerates, and can also prevent the phosphor particles from agglomerating again. The subsequent high shear field can further tear apart the weakened agglomerates, thereby achieving a nanoscale uniform distribution of phosphor and magnetic particles in the thermoplastic polyurethane matrix. This effectively eliminates light-emitting spots, improves optical efficiency and consistency, and avoids cracking when the cable is bent due to the presence of large agglomerates, significantly enhancing the mechanical reliability of the cable. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0020] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the CaAlSiN3:Eu used in the embodiments of this invention 2+ Purchased from Intermay Inc. in the United States, model number R656.

[0021] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the Cr used in the embodiments of this invention... 3+ Cr in Ga2O3 3+ It was introduced in the form of Cr2O3 with a doping concentration of 0.5 mol% and a particle size D50 of 1.5 ± 0.2 μm.

[0022] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the (Ba,Sr)2SiO4:Eu used in the embodiments of this invention2+ When excited by 450nm blue light, the main peaks of the emission spectrum are located at 505nm and 580nm, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) is about 110nm.

[0023] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the Bi used in the embodiments of this invention 3+ It is introduced in the form of Bi2O3 with a purity of ≥99.99%.

[0024] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu used in the embodiments of this invention 2+ Purchased from Intermay Inc. in the United States.

[0025] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the silicone used in the embodiments of this invention is an addition-curing liquid silicone rubber with a viscosity of 5000±500 mPa·s at 25°C, purchased from Dow Corning.

[0026] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell material used in the embodiments of this invention has a particle size of 100±5nm and a shell thickness of 10nm.

[0027] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the Au / TiO2-WO3 nanozyme used in the embodiments of this invention is a nanozyme with a Z-shaped heterojunction structure, wherein TiO2 and WO3 are combined in a molar ratio of 1:(0.1-0.2), the Au loading is 0.8wt%, and the particle size is 20±3nm.

[0028] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the chitosan-mannooligosaccharide microcapsules used in the embodiments of this invention have mannooligosaccharide as the core material, chitosan as the wall material, an overall particle size of 50±10μm, and a capsule wall thickness of 5±1μm.

[0029] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the thermoplastic polyurethane used in the embodiments of this invention is purchased from Bayer, model Desmopan 385E, and the thermoplastic polyurethane needs to be pre-dried under vacuum at 80°C for 4 hours before use.

[0030] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the core material of the silicone-acrylate copolymer pressure-sensitive adhesive microcapsules used in the embodiments of this invention is silicone-acrylate copolymer pressure-sensitive adhesive, and the wall material is polyurea.

[0031] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the CaAlSiN3:Eu used in the embodiments of this invention 2+ (Ba,Sr)2SiO4:Eu 2+ Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu 2+Before use, the phosphor needs to be hydrophobically treated, which includes the following steps: immerse the phosphor in a 0.5wt% KH570 ethanol solution, disperse it using a 40kHz ultrasonic device for 30 minutes, and then dry it in a 60℃ vacuum drying oven until constant weight to obtain the hydrophobic phosphor.

[0032] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the cooling-type high-speed mixer used in the embodiments of this invention can reduce thermal quenching damage during phosphor processing. The MgF2 layer on the phosphor surface isolates oxygen and water vapor from the luminescent centers (Eu) under long-term high temperature. 2+ The uniformly dispersed system helps prevent oxidation and corrosion, and facilitates heat conduction, avoiding accelerated decay caused by local overheating, thus improving the service life and reliability of cables. Example 1

[0033] The multifunctional composite light-emitting cable and its preparation method in this embodiment specifically include the following steps: S1. Raw material preparation S11, Red light layer masterbatch: Weigh CaAlSiN3:Eu at a mass ratio of 100:0.5. 2+ With Cr 3+ Ga2O3 was mixed in a cooling high-speed mixer for 15 minutes to obtain red light powder. Then, under a nitrogen atmosphere, the red light powder and thermoplastic polyurethane were added to the cooling high-speed mixer at a mass ratio of 62:38 and stirred at 1500 rpm for 8 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. Finally, granulation was carried out using a twin-screw extruder with an aspect ratio of 30. The barrel temperature was set to 155℃ and the screw speed to 60 rpm. After the material was extruded, it was successively pelletized and dried to obtain red light layer masterbatch. Green light layer masterbatch: Weigh (Ba,Sr)₂SiO₄:Eu at a mass ratio of 100:0.3. 2+ with Bi 3+ The powder was placed in a cooling high-speed mixer and mixed for 15 minutes to obtain green light powder; then, green light layer masterbatch was prepared according to the preparation process of red light layer masterbatch. Blue light layer masterbatch: Take Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu at a mass ratio of 100:4 2+ Mix MgF2 with Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu using a physical coating method to ensure uniform coating of MgF2 on the surface. 2+ On the surface, blue light powder is obtained; then, blue light layer masterbatch is prepared by referring to the preparation process of red light layer masterbatch. S12, Magnetic Response Layer Masterbatch: Weigh silica gel and Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell material at a mass ratio of 100:20, place them in a planetary ball mill, use anhydrous ethanol as the dispersion medium, ball mill for 30 minutes, and then vacuum dry to obtain magnetic response layer mixed raw material; then granulate using a twin-screw extruder with an aspect ratio of 30, set the barrel temperature to 145℃ and the screw speed to 50rpm, and after the material is extruded, it is successively granulated and dried to obtain magnetic response layer masterbatch; S13. Microbial decomposition layer masterbatch: Weigh Au / TiO2-WO3 nanoenzyme and chitosan-mannan oligosaccharide microcapsules at a mass ratio of 1:1, and mix them in a V-type mixer for 20 minutes to obtain microbial decomposition layer mixed raw materials; then, premix the microbial decomposition layer mixed raw materials and thermoplastic polyurethane in a cooling high-speed mixer at a mass ratio of 30:70 for 10 minutes; finally, granulate the material using a twin-screw extruder with a length-to-diameter ratio of 30, setting the barrel temperature to 150℃ and the screw speed to 55rpm. After the material is extruded, it is successively granulated and dried to obtain microbial decomposition layer masterbatch. S14. Self-adhesive sheath layer mixed raw materials: Weigh thermoplastic polyurethane and silicone-acrylate copolymer pressure-sensitive adhesive microcapsules at a mass ratio of 80:20, put them into a cooling high-speed mixer, and mix them at below 50℃ for 10 minutes; then granulate them using a twin-screw extruder with a length-to-diameter ratio of 30, set the barrel temperature to 145℃ and the screw speed to 60 rpm, and after the material is extruded, it is successively granulated and dried to obtain the self-adhesive sheath layer mixed raw materials.

[0034] S2. Preparation of multifunctional composite light-emitting cables S21. Preparation of fluorescent fiber core (three-layer coaxial co-extrusion): The red, green, and blue masterbatches are added to the corresponding hoppers of the multi-layer co-extrusion drawing machine, and the feeding rate is controlled at a mass ratio of 26:34:40. The extrusion parameters for each layer are set as follows: red layer barrel temperature is 160℃ and screw speed is 50rpm; green layer barrel temperature is 155℃ and screw speed is 55rpm; blue layer barrel temperature is 150℃ and screw speed is 60rpm, resulting in a fluorescent fiber core with a total diameter of 0.06mm. S22. Coating of the magnetic response layer: The fluorescent fiber core is used as the inner core and fed into the magnetic response layer extrusion unit. At the same time, magnetic response layer masterbatch is added to the feed port of the unit. An external magnetic field of 0.4T is applied through the permanent magnet array integrated in the extruder barrel, so that the Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell material in the masterbatch is oriented and aligned. Combined with the shearing action of barrel temperature of 150℃ and screw speed of 45rpm, a magnetic response layer with a coating thickness of 0.06mm is formed on the surface of the fluorescent fiber core. S23. Coating with a microbial decomposition layer: The cable coated with the magnetic response layer is fed into the microbial decomposition layer extrusion unit. At the same time, microbial decomposition layer masterbatch is added to the feed port of the unit. The barrel temperature is set to 155°C and the screw speed is set to 40 rpm. A microbial decomposition layer with a coating thickness of 0.06 mm is formed on the surface of the magnetic response layer. S24. Coating of self-adhesive sheath layer: The cable coated with the microbial decomposition layer is fed into the self-adhesive sheath layer extrusion unit. At the same time, self-adhesive sheath layer masterbatch is added to the feed port of the unit. The barrel temperature is set to 155℃ and the screw speed is set to 50rpm. A self-adhesive sheath layer with a coating thickness of 0.12mm is formed on the surface of the microbial decomposition layer. S25. Cooling and Shaping: The co-extruded cable enters a three-stage cooling water tank in sequence. The first stage uses 28°C warm water for cooling, the second stage uses 18°C ​​cold water for cooling, and the third stage uses 8°C low-temperature water for cooling. After drying, a multi-functional composite luminous cable is obtained. Comparative Example 1

[0035] The process is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the three-layer coaxial co-extrusion is not performed. Instead, the red light layer masterbatch, green light layer masterbatch, and blue light layer masterbatch are directly mixed and then extruded. Comparative Example 2

[0036] The process is basically the same as in Example 1, except that no external magnetic field is used in the preparation of the magnetic response layer. Comparative Example 3

[0037] The process is basically the same as in Example 1, except that chitosan-mannooligosaccharide microcapsules are not added to the microbial decomposition layer masterbatch. Comparative Example 4

[0038] The process is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the silicone-acrylate copolymer pressure-sensitive adhesive microcapsules are replaced with silicone-acrylate copolymer pressure-sensitive adhesive. Comparative Example 5

[0039] The basic structure is the same as in Example 1, except that the mass ratio of Au / TiO2-WO3 nanozyme to chitosan-mannan oligosaccharide microcapsules is 2:1. Test case

[0040] The multifunctional composite light-emitting cables prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were tested: (1) NTSC color gamut: Assemble the cable under test and the backlight module using the traditional LED + light guide plate solution into the same display test box respectively; under dark room conditions, use a color analyzer (such as CA-310) to measure the chromaticity coordinates of the red, green and blue primary colors of the two test objects respectively; according to "SJ / T 11348-2016 Measurement method of display performance of flat panel TV", connect the measured three primary color points on the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram to form a triangle, calculate the ratio of the area of ​​the triangle to the area of ​​the NTSC standard color gamut, which is the NTSC color gamut coverage of the cable under test.

[0041] (2) Brightness uniformity: A 1m long cable to be tested and a traditional process cable were selected as comparison samples. The two were installed in parallel in a dark box to simulate the interior panel environment of a car. Referring to the uniformity test requirements in GB / T 7921-2008 Uniform color space and color difference formula and SJ / T 11348-2016 Flat panel display performance measurement method, a luminance meter equipped with a micro probe was used to select a test point every 10cm along the cable length and measure the center brightness of each point. The brightness uniformity value of the cable to be tested was calculated and obtained according to the calculation formula "brightness uniformity = (minimum brightness value / maximum brightness value) × 100%".

[0042] (3) Brightness retention rate: Referring to IEC 60068-2-14:2023 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test method - Test N: Temperature change and the general method for LED device life test, the cable sample to be tested was placed in a high-temperature test chamber; the test chamber temperature was set to 120℃, and the cable was continuously lit for 1000h under this temperature environment to carry out accelerated aging test; at the three time points of 0h, 500h and 1000h of aging, the sample was taken out and cooled to room temperature, and the brightness of the cable was measured using the corresponding luminous flux measurement equipment; the brightness retention rate after 120℃ / 1000h thermal aging was calculated by the formula "brightness retention rate = (brightness after aging / initial brightness) × 100%".

[0043] (4) Antibacterial rate: Referring to ISO 22196:2011 Plastics materials and articles—Determination and evaluation of antimicrobial properties, the cable to be tested was cut into the specified size of 50mm×50mm, the surface was wiped with sterile alcohol and then sterilized with ultraviolet light. At the same time, a polymer sheet of the same size without antibacterial function was prepared as a control sample; the target bacteria suspension cultured to the logarithmic growth phase was diluted to 10. 5 -10 6CFU / mL, using a micropipette, 100 μL was evenly added to the surface of the sample and control samples, and covered with a sterile polyethylene film to prevent evaporation; the inoculated sample and control samples were placed in an environment with a temperature of (35±1)℃ and a relative humidity of >90% for 24 h; after incubation, the sample and film were placed together in SCDLP liquid medium and thoroughly shaken to elute bacteria. The eluent was serially diluted and spread on nutrient agar plates, and incubated at (35±1)℃ for (24±2) h. Finally, the colony forming units (CFU) were counted, and the antibacterial rate R = (U / mL) was calculated. t -A t ) / U t ×100% (where, U t A represents the average colony count of the control sample. t The antibacterial rate is calculated using the average number of colonies in the sample.

[0044] (5) Formaldehyde removal rate: Referring to GB / T 27630-2011 Guidelines for the Evaluation of Air Quality in Passenger Cars and ISO 12219-3:2012 Test Method for VOCs in Vehicle Interior Components, a 0.5m... 3 The test chamber is a sealed glass chamber with inert inner walls. Standard leather and fabric blocks are placed inside to simulate the real car interior environment. A 1-meter-long test cable is suspended in the center of the chamber and lit to simulate sunlight. Formaldehyde standard gas is injected through a micro-syringe to make the initial concentration reach 2.5 times the national standard limit. Air samples are collected from the chamber at 0h and 4h time points using a dedicated air sampler. The formaldehyde concentration is analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The formaldehyde removal rate is calculated according to the formula: "Removal rate = (1-C4 / C0)×100% (where C0 is the 0h concentration and C4 is the 4h concentration)".

[0045] (6) Benzene decomposition rate: Referring to "HJ / T 400-2007 Sampling and Determination Method of Volatile Organic Compounds and Aldehydes and Ketones in Vehicle Interiors", a 1m 3 A standard VOC testing chamber is used, with inert materials (such as stainless steel or glass) for the inner walls. The chamber temperature is controlled at (25±1)℃ and humidity at (50±5)%, ensuring that the background concentration is less than 1% of the benzene concentration. A 1m long test cable is suspended in the center of the chamber, and a benzene standard solution is injected into the chamber using a micro-syringe or diffusion tube to achieve an initial concentration of 0.3±0.05mg / m. 3 Turn on the simulated sunlight source (such as a xenon lamp) and light the cables. React under sealed conditions for 4 hours. Collect the gas inside the chamber using a Tenax-TA adsorption tube at 0h and 4h respectively. Analyze the adsorption tube using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to quantify the concentration of benzene. Calculate the benzene decomposition rate according to "Decomposition rate D=(C0-C4) / C0×100% (where C0 is the concentration at 0h and C4 is the concentration at 4h)".

[0046] (7) Color coordinate stability: Referring to GB / T 39492-2020 Reliability Test Method for Phosphors for White LEDs, the fluorescent fiber core of the cable to be tested was used as the test sample (cut to a regular size of 10mm×10mm). The sample was placed in a temperature-controlled oven, and the oven temperature was set to 150℃. The temperature uniformity deviation inside the oven was ensured to be ≤±2℃. The sample was suspended to avoid direct contact with the inner wall of the oven. It was baked continuously at 150℃ for 1000h. During the baking process, the oven was kept sealed to avoid temperature fluctuations and interference from external impurities. At six time points of aging (0h, initial state), 200h, 400h, 600h, 800h, and 1000h, the sample was taken out and cooled for 30min at room temperature (25±2℃) and normal humidity (50±5% RH). The emission spectrum of the sample was measured using a high-precision spectrometer under 450nm blue light excitation. The measurement was repeated 3 times at each time point and the average value was taken. According to GB / T 7921-2008 "Uniform Color Space and Color Difference Formula" calculates the color coordinates (x, y) values ​​of samples at each time point. Using the initial state (0h) color coordinates (x0, y0) as the reference, the deviation Δx = |x0| from the reference value is calculated for each aging time point. n -x0|、Δy=|y n -y0|, take the maximum deviation value as the color coordinate stability index Δ(x,y), the smaller the deviation value, the better the color coordinate stability.

[0047] (8) Functional response speed: Referring to the test specifications for the response time of industrial control systems in GB / T 33863.1-2017, a complete online quality inspection system was built on a stable extrusion production line, including a 450nm laser test head, a spectral sensor, and a PLC; when the system is running stably, a fault was simulated momentarily (such as reducing the speed of the gear pump in the green light channel by 10% to simulate a decrease in the concentration of green light powder); three key time node signals were recorded synchronously using a high-speed data acquisition card: T0 (the trigger signal when the spectral sensor detects that the green light intensity deviates from the set value), T1 (the operation output signal when the PLC controller issues a correction instruction), and T2 (the speed feedback signal when the actuator returns to the set range); the functional response speed was calculated as "total system response time = T2 - T0".

[0048] (9) Bending radius: Select a complete cable sample to be tested and bend it slowly along the arc-shaped fixture under normal temperature and humidity conditions. Avoid applying additional tension or pressure during the process and observe whether there are any abnormalities such as cracking, damage or deformation on the cable surface. Gradually reduce the bending radius and repeat the bending operation until the cable surface shows the first obvious abnormality (such as cracking or irreversible deformation). Record the radius corresponding to the maximum bending curvature before the first abnormality appears. This radius is the minimum bending radius of the cable.

[0049] Table 1 shows the final measured performance of the composite luminous cable: Table 1

[0050] As shown in Table 1, the cable of the embodiment exhibits ultra-high NTSC color gamut, excellent brightness uniformity, outstanding brightness retention, extremely strong antibacterial rate, high formaldehyde removal rate and benzene decomposition rate, excellent color coordinate stability, ultra-fast functional response speed, and extremely small bending radius. This is because Embodiment 1 employs a three-layer coaxial co-extrusion process to achieve a precise layered structure of the fluorescent fiber core, through doping of the fluorescent powder (Cr... 3+ Ga2O3, Bi 3+ The spectral characteristics are optimized by coating with MgF2. An external magnetic field is used to achieve the directional arrangement of Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell materials to improve the uniformity and dispersion of luminescence. The 1:1 synergistic ratio of Au / TiO2-WO3 nanoenzymes and chitosan-mannan oligosaccharide microcapsules in the microbial decomposition layer enhances the purification and antibacterial functions. The design of organosilicon-acrylate copolymer pressure-sensitive adhesive microcapsules in the self-adhesive sheath layer takes into account both adhesion and flexibility. The gradient cooling process ensures the stability of interlayer bonding.

[0051] Comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the NTSC color gamut, brightness uniformity, brightness retention rate, and color coordinate stability of Comparative Example 1 are significantly inferior to those of Example 1. Only the purification and antibacterial properties are slightly retained, but still lower than those of Example 1. This is because Comparative Example 1 did not use a three-layer coaxial co-extrusion process, but instead directly mixed and extruded the masterbatches of the red, green, and blue light layers. This resulted in the three phosphors mixing and spectral superposition interference, making it impossible to form a clear layered luminescent structure, and the color gamut was severely compressed. At the same time, the mixed extrusion caused the phosphor agglomeration phenomenon to be aggravated, the luminescent spots to be obvious, and the brightness uniformity to be greatly reduced. There was no clear interface between the layers, the thermal stability was worse, and the phosphor was prone to energy transfer disorder under high temperature aging, resulting in accelerated brightness decay and significant color coordinate drift. The purification and antibacterial functions were not significantly affected because the material ratio and preparation process of the microbial decomposition layer were not changed.

[0052] Comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that Comparative Example 2 is significantly inferior to Example 1 in terms of brightness uniformity, brightness retention, formaldehyde removal rate, benzene decomposition rate, functional response speed, and bending radius, with only slight retention in color gamut and color coordinate stability. This is because no external magnetic field was applied during the preparation of the magnetic response layer in Comparative Example 2. The Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell material could not be oriented along the magnetic field lines to form a nano-chain structure. It could not play the role of "nanoplow" in de-agglomeration, resulting in residual phosphor agglomerates, decreased luminescence uniformity and mechanical properties, and easy cracking due to stress concentration of agglomerates during bending, thus increasing the bending radius. It also could not form a photonic crystal structure to regulate the light field, resulting in poor brightness retention and spectral stability. At the same time, the absence of a magnetic field caused the magnetic response layer to lose its auxiliary effect on the photocatalytic reaction, the catalytic activity of the nanozyme was not enhanced, and the degradation efficiency of formaldehyde and benzene decreased. The magnetic response layer could not respond quickly to changes in the magnetic field, and the functional response speed was significantly prolonged.

[0053] Comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that the antibacterial rate of Comparative Example 3 is significantly lower than that of Example 1, and the brightness uniformity, brightness retention rate, and color coordinate stability are slightly decreased, while other properties are basically close to those of Example 1. This is because the microbial decomposition layer of Comparative Example 3 does not contain chitosan-mannooligosaccharide microcapsules, and relies solely on the free radical action of Au / TiO2-WO3 nanozymes to achieve antibacterial and purification effects. Lacking the prebiotic's role in promoting the proliferation of lactobacilli, it cannot construct a healthy surface microecology, resulting in a significantly weakened inhibitory effect on harmful bacteria. Simultaneously, the absence of chitosan-mannooligosaccharide microcapsules leads to a slight decrease in the structural density of the microbial decomposition layer, weakening its protective effect on the fluorescent fiber core, thus causing slight damage to brightness uniformity, retention rate, and color coordinate stability. However, the catalytic function of the nanozyme remains unaffected, therefore the changes in purification-related properties are minimal.

[0054] Comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 4, it can be seen that Comparative Example 4 is inferior to Example 1 in terms of brightness uniformity, brightness retention rate, color coordinate stability, functional response speed, and bending radius, while other performance fluctuations are smaller. This is because Comparative Example 4 replaced the silicone-acrylate copolymer pressure-sensitive adhesive microcapsules with directly added silicone-acrylate copolymer pressure-sensitive adhesive. The pressure-sensitive adhesive cannot be uniformly dispersed in the matrix, resulting in an uneven structure of the self-adhesive sheath layer and inconsistent protection of the internal layers, thus affecting the luminous uniformity and thermal stability. At the same time, the directly added pressure-sensitive adhesive reduces the flexibility of the cable, making it prone to stress concentration during bending and increasing the bending radius. The uneven structure of the sheath layer also affects the light field transmission and signal transmission of the magnetic response layer, resulting in a prolonged functional response speed. However, the antibacterial and purification functions are not affected because the material and structure of the microbial decomposition layer have not been changed.

[0055] Comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 5, it can be seen that the brightness uniformity, brightness retention rate, antibacterial rate, functional response speed, and bending radius of Comparative Example 5 are all lower than those of Example 1, and the color gamut, color coordinate stability, and purification performance are slightly reduced. This is because the mass ratio of Au / TiO2-WO3 nanozyme to chitosan-mannooligosaccharide microcapsules in Comparative Example 5 is 2:1, which deviates from the synergistic ratio of 1:1. Excessive nanozyme leads to excessive free radical production, partially damaging the stability of the chitosan microcapsule wall material. At the same time, insufficient mannooligosaccharide prevents sufficient proliferation of lactobacilli, resulting in a decrease in antibacterial effect. The imbalanced ratio also leads to poor structural compatibility of the microbial decomposition layer, weakening its support and protection for the internal cables, and affecting the luminescence uniformity, retention rate, and color coordinate stability. In addition, the decreased structural compatibility reduces the overall flexibility and signal transmission efficiency of the cable, increases the bending radius, and prolongs the functional response speed.

[0056] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional composite light-emitting cable, characterized in that, From the inside out, it includes a fluorescent fiber core, a magnetic response layer, a microbial decomposition layer, and a self-adhesive sheath layer arranged sequentially. The fluorescent fiber core comprises, from the inside out, a red light layer, a green light layer, and a blue light layer arranged sequentially. The red light layer comprises a first thermoplastic polyurethane and a red light powder; the red light powder comprises CaAlSiN3:Eu 2+ Doping in CaAlSiN3:Eu 2+ Cr 3+ :Ga2O3; The green light layer comprises a second thermoplastic polyurethane and green light powder; the green light powder comprises (Ba,Sr)₂SiO₄:Eu 2+ Doping in (Ba,Sr)₂SiO₄:Eu 2+ Bi in 3+ ; The blue light layer comprises a third thermoplastic polyurethane and blue light powder; the blue light powder comprises Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu 2+ , coated on Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu 2+ MgF2 on the surface; The material of the magnetic response layer includes silicone and Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell material dispersed in the silicone; The microbial decomposition layer comprises a fourth thermoplastic polyurethane and functional powders; the functional powders comprise Au / TiO2-WO3 nanoenzymes and chitosan-mannan oligosaccharide microcapsules; The self-adhesive sheath layer is made of fifth thermoplastic polyurethane and silicone-acrylate copolymer pressure-sensitive adhesive microcapsules.

2. The multifunctional composite light-emitting cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the red light layer, green light layer and blue light layer is (25-28):(32-35):(37-40); And / or, the mass ratio of the first thermoplastic polyurethane to the red light powder is (60-65):(35-40); the CaAlSiN3:Eu 2 + and Cr 3+ The mass ratio of Ga2O3 is 100:(0.48-0.52). And / or, the mass ratio of the second thermoplastic polyurethane to the green light powder is (60-65):(35-40); the (Ba,Sr)2SiO4:Eu 2+ and Bi 3+ The mass ratio is 100:(0.28-0.32); And / or, the mass ratio of the third thermoplastic polyurethane to the blue light powder is (60-65):(35-40); the Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu 2+ The mass ratio of MgF2 to MgF2 is 100:(3.8-4.2).

3. The multifunctional composite light-emitting cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The CaAlSiN3:Eu 2+ (Ba,Sr)2SiO4:Eu 2+ and Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu 2+ Hydrophobic treatment.

4. The multifunctional composite light-emitting cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the silica gel to the Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell material is 100:(19-21).

5. The multifunctional composite light-emitting cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the fourth thermoplastic polyurethane to the functional powder is (65-75):(25-35); And / or, the mass ratio of the Au / TiO2-WO3 nanozyme to the chitosan-mannan oligosaccharide microcapsules is 1:(0.9-1.1).

6. The multifunctional composite light-emitting cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the fifth thermoplastic polyurethane and organosilicon-acrylate copolymer pressure-sensitive adhesive microcapsules is (75-85):(15-25).

7. The multifunctional composite light-emitting cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the fluorescent fiber core is 0.05mm-0.08mm; And / or, the thickness of the magnetic response layer is 0.05mm-0.08mm; And / or, the thickness of the microbial decomposition layer is 0.05mm-0.08mm; And / or, the thickness of the self-adhesive sheath layer is 0.1mm-0.15mm.

8. The method for preparing the multifunctional composite light-emitting cable according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Mix the materials of each layer evenly according to the ratio, and granulate them to obtain red light layer masterbatch, green light layer masterbatch, blue light layer masterbatch, magnetic response layer masterbatch, microbial decomposition layer masterbatch and self-adhesive sheath layer masterbatch respectively. S2. Fluorescent fiber cores are made from the red light layer masterbatch, green light layer masterbatch and blue light layer masterbatch described in S1 by coaxial co-extrusion drawing process. S3. The fluorescent fiber core described in S1 is fed into the magnetic response layer extrusion unit, and magnetic response layer masterbatch is added to the feed port of the unit. Under the action of an external magnetic field of 0.3T-0.5T, a magnetic response layer is formed on the surface of the fluorescent fiber core. S4. The cable coated with the magnetic response layer is fed into the microbial decomposition layer extrusion unit, and microbial decomposition layer masterbatch is added to the feed port of the unit to form a microbial decomposition layer on the surface of the magnetic response layer. S5. The cable coated with the microbial decomposition layer is fed into the self-adhesive sheath extrusion unit, and self-adhesive sheath masterbatch is added to the feed port of the unit to form a self-adhesive sheath layer on the surface of the microbial decomposition layer. S6. The cable after being covered with a self-adhesive sheath is subjected to gradient cooling and then dried to obtain a multifunctional composite luminous cable.

9. The method for preparing the multifunctional composite light-emitting cable according to claim 8, characterized in that, The extrusion parameters for the red light layer are: barrel temperature of 155℃-165℃ and screw speed of 48rpm-52rpm; And / or, the extrusion parameters of the green light layer are: barrel temperature of 150℃-160℃, screw speed of 53rpm-57rpm; And / or, the extrusion parameters of the blue light layer are: barrel temperature of 145℃-155℃, screw speed of 58rpm-62rpm; And / or, the extrusion parameters of the magnetic response layer are: barrel temperature of 145℃-155℃, screw speed of 43rpm-47rpm; And / or, the extrusion parameters of the microbial decomposition layer are: barrel temperature of 150℃-160℃, screw speed of 38rpm-42rpm; And / or, the extrusion parameters of the self-adhesive sheath layer are: barrel temperature of 150℃-160℃ and screw speed of 48rpm-52rpm.

10. The method for preparing the multifunctional composite light-emitting cable according to claim 8, characterized in that, The gradient cooling process involves first cooling in water at 25℃-30℃, then cooling in water at 15℃-20℃, and finally cooling in water at 5℃-10℃.

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