Signal analog quantity conversion output circuit with multiple protection paths and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to a signal analog quantity conversion output circuit with multiple protection paths and a control method. The output circuit comprises a dimming panel, a control module, a PWM signal conversion module, a multi-path protection management module and a dimming load. The signal output end of the dimming panel is connected with the signal input end of the PWM signal conversion module, the signal output end of the PWM signal conversion module is connected with the signal input end of the multi-path protection management module, and the signal output end of the multi-path protection management module is connected with the signal input end of the dimming load; the enabling signal input end of the multi-path protection management module is connected with the enabling signal output end of the control module, the control module generates a corresponding path management strategy according to the electrical characteristics and the dimming characteristics, and the limitation of a traditional single protection path in complex dimming application is overcome through a multi-path protection mechanism. Therefore, the reliability and adaptability of the overall operation of the system are improved while the output precision matching performance is ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of signal analog quantity conversion output, in particular to a signal analog quantity conversion output circuit with multiple protection paths and a control method. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, in intelligent lighting and industrial dimming applications, the dimming panel usually sends a dimming signal to the rear device through different operation modes to realize the adjustment of the load brightness or working state. The operation habits and dimming properties of different dimming panels are significantly different, for example, some dimming behaviors focus on fast switching, some focus on fine adjustment, and some are in a stable setting state for a long time. The above different dimming properties have different requirements for the precision of analog quantity conversion output in actual application, but the existing analog quantity conversion output circuit usually adopts a unified processing and protection method, which is difficult to distinguish the precision requirements corresponding to different dimming properties. At the same time, the existing scheme relies on a single form of protection path in output protection, lacks a multi-level protection mechanism matched with dimming properties and precision requirements, and is prone to precision waste or insufficient protection in complex use scenarios. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to solve the problem that the existing analog quantity conversion output circuit is difficult to meet the differentiated precision requirements and the protection path form is single when combining the dimming properties of the dimming panel, the present application provides a signal analog quantity conversion output circuit with multiple protection paths and a control method.

[0004] A signal analog quantity conversion output circuit with multiple protection paths, the output circuit comprising a dimming panel, a control module, a PWM signal conversion module, a multi-path protection management module and a dimming load; The signal output end of the dimming panel is connected with the signal input end of the PWM signal conversion module, the signal output end of the PWM signal conversion module is connected with the signal input end of the multi-path protection management module, and the signal output end of the multi-path protection management module is connected with the signal input end of the dimming load; The enable signal input end of the multi-path protection management module is connected with the enable signal output end of the control module, the control module and the dimming panel are both built-in wireless communication units capable of realizing wireless communication with each other, so that the control module receives the dimming characteristics sent by the dimming panel, the control module is built-in a collection unit for collecting corresponding electrical characteristics, and the control module generates a corresponding path management strategy according to the electrical characteristics and the dimming characteristics, the path management strategy is used to turn on and off the corresponding protection path in the multi-path protection management module.

[0005] By adopting the technical scheme, the dimming signal can be endowed with dimming attribute semantics before the PWM-to-analog conversion is completed, and the electrical state of the output side is uniformly managed, thereby avoiding the limitation of the traditional scheme that only a single output result is controlled. Through this system-level structural design, the analog output is no longer limited to fixed precision and fixed protection mode, but can realize precision matching that is more suitable for the dimming attribute under different dimming scenes, and significantly improve the reliability and adaptability of the output end under complex application conditions.

[0006] Preferably, the multi-path protection management module at least includes a transient protection unit, a steady-state protection unit and a path management unit, the signal input end of the transient protection unit is connected with the signal output end of the PWM signal conversion module, the signal output end of the transient protection unit is connected with the signal input end of the dimming load, the signal input end of the path management unit is connected with the signal output end of the PWM signal conversion module, the signal output end of the path management unit is connected with the signal input end of the steady-state protection unit, the signal output end of the steady-state protection unit is connected with the signal input end of the dimming load, and the signal input end of the path management unit is connected with the enable signal output end of the control module.

[0007] By adopting the technical scheme, the transient protection, steady-state protection and path management functions are structurally separated and combined in order, and the scheme enables different types of output protection requirements to be clearly distinguished at the physical structure level, thereby avoiding the problem of insufficient response or limited precision caused by a single protection path simultaneously assuming multiple protection tasks. This modular protection structure provides a clear implementation basis for subsequent path selection based on dimming attributes, making the protection behavior more targeted and controllable.

[0008] Preferably, the steady-state protection unit includes a plurality of protection sub-units and a switch management sub-unit between adjacent two protection sub-units, the signal input end of each switch management sub-unit is connected with the enable signal output end of the control module, the signal input end of each protection sub-unit is connected with the signal output end of the path management unit, and the signal output end of each protection sub-unit is connected with the signal input end of the dimming load.

[0009] By adopting the technical scheme, the steady-state protection is no longer a fixed mode output, but has the ability to be enabled and combined on demand, thereby improving the flexibility of the steady-state protection under different loads and working states, and providing hardware-level support for ensuring long-term stability while considering output precision.

[0010] A control method of a signal analog quantity conversion output circuit with multiple protection paths, adopts a signal analog quantity conversion output circuit with multiple protection paths, the control method comprises: Obtaining dimming features and electrical features; Extracting the behavior feature vector and the brightness feature vector of the dimming features, and determining the corresponding dimming behavior type based on the behavior feature vector and the brightness feature vector; According to the electrical features, determine the corresponding constraint condition; Under the constraint condition, generate the corresponding path management strategy based on the dimming behavior type; According to the path management strategy, control the path management unit and the switch management subunit to switch to the corresponding path on-off state to turn on and off the corresponding protection path.

[0011] By adopting the technical scheme, the dimming feature analysis, electrical state perception, constraint condition generation and path strategy execution are integrated into a complete control link, so that the analog quantity output is changed from "passive response to dimming result" to "active matching of dimming attributes and running state". This method effectively solves the problem of the split between precision demand and protection strategy in the traditional control process, so that the output behavior realizes more reasonable path selection and state switching within the safety boundary.

[0012] Preferably, the step of obtaining dimming features and electrical features comprises: When detecting the dimming instruction issued by the dimming panel, obtaining the dimming features for representing the current dimming behavior, and marking the dimming features with the corresponding feature identifier; According to the feature identifier, determine the corresponding acquisition time window; In the acquisition time window, acquire the corresponding initial electrical feature set from the PWM signal conversion module and the dimming load through the acquisition unit built in the control module; Performing electrical consistency determination process on the initial electrical feature set to generate the corresponding consistency determination result; When the consistency determination result meets the preset condition, output the corresponding electrical feature in the initial electrical feature set; The electrical features and the dimming features are time-aligned to bind the dimming features to the corresponding electrical features.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, and introducing feature identification, acquisition timing window, and consistency judgment mechanism when the dimming command is triggered, this solution ensures a clear time correspondence between dimming attributes and electrical characteristics, thereby avoiding misjudgments or strategy failures caused by inconsistent acquisition timing. This acquisition method improves the reliability of subsequent control decisions, enabling path management strategies to be based on effective and reliable data.

[0014] Preferably, the step of extracting the behavioral feature vector and brightness feature vector of the dimming feature includes: Based on the dimming features, the target dimming value and the dimming value of the previous cycle are determined, as well as the difference between the target dimming time and the dimming time of the previous cycle. The corresponding dimming change feature sub-vector is determined according to the difference value. The dimming change feature sub-vector includes a direction sub-vector, an amplitude sub-vector, and a rate sub-vector. Based on the dimming features, a corresponding dimming trigger frequency sub-vector is determined, and the dimming trigger frequency sub-vector and the dimming change feature sub-vector are integrated to generate a corresponding behavior feature vector; Based on the dimming characteristics, the brightness range before dimming is determined, as well as the comparison value between the brightness range before dimming and the target dimming value, and the corresponding brightness feature vector is determined according to the comparison value.

[0015] By employing the above technical solution and vectorizing the relationship between dimming value changes, trigger frequency, and brightness ranges, this approach transforms originally discrete or instantaneous dimming operations into behavioral and brightness characteristics that can be analyzed and judged. This allows the system to distinguish the intended use behind different dimming behaviors. This feature abstraction method provides a stable and reusable semantic foundation for precision matching and path selection.

[0016] Preferably, the step of determining the corresponding dimming behavior type based on the behavior feature vector and the brightness feature vector includes: The behavioral feature vector is initially determined to generate a corresponding first preliminary determination result, which includes rapid change result, stable change result and steady-state maintenance result. The brightness feature vector is initially determined, and a corresponding second preliminary determination result is generated. The second preliminary determination result includes whether the current dimming behavior is in the range close to the upper limit of brightness, the middle range of brightness, or the stable range of brightness. Determine whether there is a strategy conflict between the first preliminary determination result and the second preliminary determination result; If it does not exist, a comprehensive mapping is performed based on the first preliminary judgment result and the second preliminary judgment result to generate the corresponding dimming behavior type; If they exist, then the preset weights of the first preliminary judgment result and the second preliminary judgment result are determined, and the first preliminary judgment result or the second preliminary judgment result with the highest preset weight is selected for mapping to generate the corresponding dimming behavior type.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, and through joint judgment of behavioral and brightness characteristics and the introduction of conflict identification and arbitration mechanisms, this solution ensures that the determination of dimming behavior types no longer relies on a single dimension, and maintains the stability and rationality of the judgment results in complex dimming scenarios. This avoids misclassification problems when dimming behavior changes rapidly or when brightness states are special, providing a clear and consistent behavioral basis for subsequent path selection.

[0018] Preferably, the step of determining the corresponding constraint conditions based on the electrical characteristics includes: Based on the electrical characteristics, at least the corresponding amplitude feature vector, the trend feature vector, and the duration feature vector of the abnormal electrical state are determined; Based on the amplitude feature vector, determine the path admission constraint sub-conditions; Based on the aforementioned trend feature vector, determine the path selection preference sub-conditions; Based on the duration feature vector, determine the path convergence constraint sub-conditions; The path admission constraint sub-condition, the path selection preference sub-condition, and the path convergence constraint sub-condition are integrated to generate corresponding constraint conditions.

[0019] By employing the aforementioned technical solution, and extracting amplitude, trend, and duration information from electrical characteristics, and mapping them to constraint sub-conditions such as path admission, path preference, and path convergence, this solution transforms the electrical state into a control boundary that directly affects path selection. This constraint generation method avoids the problem of electrical characteristics existing only as monitoring information, enabling them to truly participate in path management decisions, thereby improving the overall safety and relevance of control.

[0020] Preferably, the step of generating a corresponding path management strategy based on the dimming behavior type under the constraints includes: Based on the dimming behavior type, the corresponding participation path is matched; Based on the path admission constraints, the participating paths are filtered to determine the corresponding admission paths; Based on the path selection preference sub-conditions, the corresponding target protection path is determined for each of the admission paths; Based on the path convergence constraint self-adjustment, it is determined whether to perform a switching operation to the target protection path or to maintain the current protection path, so as to generate the corresponding switching result; Based on the switching result, a corresponding path management strategy is generated.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, and through the combined effect of dimming behavior semantics and multi-layered constraints, the target protection path is screened, matched, and determined step by step. This solution gives the path management strategy generation process a clear logical hierarchy, ensuring both the safety boundary of path selection and taking into account the actual requirements of dimming behavior for response characteristics. This achieves orderly selection and stable management of protection paths under complex dimming and operating conditions.

[0022] Preferably, the step of controlling the path management unit and the switch management subunit to switch to the corresponding path on / off state according to the path management strategy includes: According to the path management strategy, the switch management subunit that needs to be controlled is determined as the target subunit, and the corresponding on / off request is sent to the path management unit and the target subunit, and the returned configuration request is received in real time. If all the requests to be configured meet the preset configuration conditions, then according to the path management strategy, the path management unit and the switch management subunit are controlled to switch to the corresponding path on / off state.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, and further transforming the path management strategy into specific on / off control of the path management unit and the switch management subunit, and introducing a configuration confirmation mechanism, this solution ensures that the strategy decision can be reliably implemented at the hardware execution layer, thereby avoiding inconsistencies or loss of control during path switching. This execution method improves the controllability and stability of multi-path switching, enabling the entire system to maintain a continuous and safe output state during dynamic operation.

[0024] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: This application introduces a collaborative working mechanism between a dimming panel, a control module, a PWM signal conversion module, and a multi-path protection management module into the overall architecture, organically combining dimming attribute perception, signal conversion, and output protection. Specifically, the dimming panel not only serves as the input terminal for dimming commands, but its dimming characteristics are also acquired by the control module via wireless communication. This allows the control module to perceive the implicit attribute information of the dimming behavior before the signal enters the analog output path. Simultaneously, the control module acquires output-related electrical characteristics through a built-in acquisition unit, thereby comprehensively judging dimming attributes and electrical states at the same control level. Based on this, the control module no longer simply outputs the analog signal after PWM signal conversion directly, but generates a path management strategy that matches the current dimming attributes and electrical states. This strategy is then used to control the on / off states of different protection paths in the multi-path protection management module, enabling the analog output to select appropriate output and protection paths in different dimming scenarios. The analog-to-digital converter output circuit can differentiate the accuracy requirements corresponding to different dimming attributes, avoiding the problem of wasted or insufficient accuracy resources under a unified output mode. At the same time, the multi-path protection mechanism overcomes the limitations of the traditional single protection path in complex dimming applications, thereby improving the overall reliability and adaptability of the system while ensuring the matching of output accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a signal analog-to-output circuit with multiple protection paths according to an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a control method for a signal analog-to-digital converter output circuit with multiple protection paths according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, this application discloses a signal analog-to-digital converter output circuit with multiple protection paths. The output circuit includes a dimming panel, a control module, a PWM signal conversion module, a multi-path protection management module, and a dimming load. The signal output terminal of the dimming panel is connected to the signal input terminal of the PWM signal conversion module, the signal output terminal of the PWM signal conversion module is connected to the signal input terminal of the multipath protection management module, and the signal output terminal of the multipath protection management module is connected to the signal input terminal of the dimming load. The enable signal input terminal of the multi-path protection management module is connected to the enable signal output terminal of the control module. Both the control module and the dimming panel have built-in wireless communication units that can achieve wireless communication between them, so that the control module can receive the dimming characteristics sent by the dimming panel. The control module has a built-in acquisition unit for acquiring the corresponding electrical characteristics. Based on the electrical characteristics and dimming characteristics, the control module generates the corresponding path management strategy. The path management strategy is used to switch the corresponding protection path in the multi-path protection management module on and off.

[0029] In this embodiment, the signal analog-to-digital converter output circuit with multiple protection paths consists of a dimming panel, a control module, a PWM signal conversion module, a multi-path protection management module, and a dimming load. These components are connected sequentially according to the logic of signal processing and control coordination, and together they complete the analog output and protection functions. The dimming panel serves as the human-machine interface and dimming command generator. Its signal output terminal is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the PWM signal conversion module, used to transmit dimming commands generated by user operation or preset scenarios to the subsequent circuitry. In this embodiment, the dimming command is output in the form of a PWM signal. After receiving the PWM signal from the dimming panel, the PWM signal conversion module performs duty cycle analysis and voltage conversion processing, thereby generating an analog voltage signal corresponding to the dimming command at its signal output terminal. This analog voltage signal serves as the basis signal for subsequent output and protection processing.

[0030] The signal output of the PWM signal conversion module is further connected to the signal input of the multipath protection management module. Located between the PWM signal conversion module and the dimming load, the multipath protection management module does not simply convert signals but acts as a unified management and protection node for the analog output paths. Through this module, the analog signal from the PWM signal conversion module can be selectively transmitted between different protection paths, thus achieving protection adaptation for different operating scenarios while fulfilling the output function. The signal output of the multipath protection management module is connected to the signal input of the dimming load, ensuring that the analog signal processed by the selected protection path is ultimately applied to the dimming load to drive the lighting load or other controlled equipment to complete the corresponding dimming action.

[0031] In this embodiment, the control module serves as the core of control and decision-making for the entire circuit. It establishes a control connection with the multi-path protection management module via an enable signal. Specifically, the multi-path protection management module has an enable signal input terminal, which is connected to the enable signal output terminal of the control module. The control module controls the on / off state of the protection paths within the multi-path protection management module by outputting different enable signal states, thereby achieving dynamic management of the analog output paths. To enable the control module to sense dimming attributes, both the control module and the dimming panel have built-in wireless communication units. They establish a data interaction relationship via wireless communication, allowing the control module to receive dimming characteristic information sent by the dimming panel without interfering with the main PWM signal channel. These dimming characteristics not only reflect the target dimming value but also characterize the changing characteristics of dimming behavior, thus providing a basis for subsequent path management decisions.

[0032] Meanwhile, the control module has a built-in acquisition unit for collecting output-related electrical characteristics during circuit operation. These electrical characteristics can originate from the PWM signal conversion module or the dimming load side, reflecting the real-time electrical state of the analog output. After receiving the dimming characteristics from the dimming panel and acquiring the corresponding electrical characteristics, the control module performs comprehensive analysis of both types of information at the same control level to generate a path management strategy that matches the current dimming attributes and electrical state. This path management strategy is then sent to the multi-path protection management module via the control module's enable signal output, allowing the multi-path protection management module to selectively enable or disable the corresponding internal protection paths according to the strategy, thereby achieving fine-grained control of the analog output paths.

[0033] While completing the conversion of PWM signals to analog signals, it can organically integrate dimming attribute sensing, electrical status acquisition, and multi-path protection, so that the analog output no longer depends on a single fixed path, but can select a more suitable output and protection path in different dimming scenarios. This improves the output accuracy matching and system reliability while ensuring the dimming function is realized.

[0034] Furthermore, the multipath protection management module includes at least a transient protection unit, a steady-state protection unit, and a path management unit. The signal input terminal of the transient protection unit is connected to the signal output terminal of the PWM signal conversion module, the signal output terminal of the transient protection unit is connected to the signal input terminal of the dimming load, the signal input terminal of the path management unit is connected to the signal output terminal of the PWM signal conversion module, the signal output terminal of the path management unit is connected to the signal input terminal of the steady-state protection unit, the signal output terminal of the steady-state protection unit is connected to the signal input terminal of the dimming load, and the signal input terminal of the path management unit is connected to the enable signal output terminal of the control module.

[0035] In this embodiment, the multi-path protection management module is further implemented as a multi-path output protection structure composed of a transient protection unit, a steady-state protection unit, and a path management unit. Each unit is independent yet cooperative in terms of electrical connection and functional division, achieving layered protection and orderly management of the analog output signal. The signal output terminal of the PWM signal conversion module is electrically connected to both the transient protection unit and the path management unit, ensuring that the analog signal output by the PWM signal conversion module can simultaneously enter the transient protection path directly and the steady-state protection path after path management before entering the dimming load. This creates multiple parallel output candidate paths at the structural level.

[0036] The signal input terminal of the transient protection unit is directly connected to the signal output terminal of the PWM signal conversion module. Its main function is to provide fast-response protection for the analog signal output by the PWM signal conversion module. Since this path does not pass through the path management unit and the steady-state protection structure, the signal transmission link is relatively short. The transient protection unit can clamp, buffer, or limit the signal in a timely manner when the analog signal undergoes rapid changes or short-term impacts, and send the processed signal directly to the dimming load through its signal output terminal, thereby providing immediate protection for the dimming load without introducing additional control delay.

[0037] The path management unit is also connected to the signal output of the PWM signal conversion module, but its function focuses on the unified scheduling and management of the analog signal output path. After the analog signal output from the PWM signal conversion module enters the path management unit, it is not directly sent to the dimming load. Instead, it is used as a controlled signal input, and the path management unit determines whether to guide this signal to the steady-state protection unit based on external control signals. The signal output of the path management unit is connected to the signal input of the steady-state protection unit, ensuring that the steady-state protection unit only participates in the analog output process when permitted by the path management unit, thus structurally achieving controllable access to the steady-state protection path.

[0038] The steady-state protection unit receives analog signals from the path management unit at its signal input terminal, and its signal output terminal is connected to the signal input terminal of the dimming load. It is used to protect and regulate the long-term stability of the analog signals when the dimming load is in continuous operation or stable dimming state. Compared to the transient protection unit, the steady-state protection unit focuses more on ensuring output amplitude, output stability, and long-term operational reliability. Internally, it can process analog signals through different steady-state protection structures, enabling the dimming load to maintain a stable operating state during long-term operation.

[0039] To enable dynamic controllability of the multipath protection management module, the path management unit also has an enable signal input terminal, which is connected to the enable signal output terminal of the control module. The control module controls the operating state of the path management unit by outputting different enable signal states, thereby indirectly determining whether the steady-state protection unit participates in the analog output path. When the control module determines that steady-state protection needs to be activated based on dimming attributes or electrical status, it enables the path management unit to conduct the corresponding path via the enable signal, allowing the analog signal to be output to the dimming load via the steady-state protection unit. When steady-state protection is not required, the path management unit blocks the corresponding path under the control of the enable signal, preventing the analog signal from being transmitted through the steady-state protection unit.

[0040] Furthermore, the steady-state protection unit includes multiple protection sub-units and a switch management sub-unit between two adjacent protection sub-units. The signal input terminal of each switch management sub-unit is connected to the enable signal output terminal of the control module. The signal input terminal of each protection sub-unit is connected to the signal output terminal of the path management unit. The signal output terminal of each protection sub-unit is connected to the signal input terminal of the dimming load.

[0041] In this embodiment, the steady-state protection unit does not employ a single fixed structure, but is further refined into multiple steady-state protection sub-units arranged sequentially along the signal transmission direction. Each steady-state protection sub-unit is used to perform targeted protection and adjustment processing on analog signals under different steady-state operating conditions. The signal input terminal of each steady-state protection sub-unit is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the path management unit, allowing analog signals from the path management unit to be selectively introduced into different steady-state protection sub-units for processing. Simultaneously, the signal output terminal of each steady-state protection sub-unit is connected to the signal input terminal of the dimming load, enabling analog signals processed by any steady-state protection sub-unit to be directly output to the dimming load, thereby structurally forming multiple parallel or switchable steady-state protection output paths.

[0042] A switch management subunit is provided between two adjacent steady-state protection subunits to control the signal path between different steady-state protection subunits. The switch management subunit does not directly participate in the adjustment and processing of analog signals, but rather acts as a path control node between steady-state protection subunits. Its signal input terminal is connected to the enable signal output terminal of the control module to receive control commands from the control module. When the control module issues the corresponding enable signal, the switch management subunit changes its on / off state under this control, thereby allowing or blocking the corresponding steady-state protection subunit from participating in the current analog output path. Through combined control of different switch management subunits, multiple steady-state protection subunits can be independently activated, sequentially switched, or kept off.

[0043] Specifically, the analog signals output by the path management unit do not always enter a single steady-state protection subunit. Instead, under the control of the control module, they can be guided to different steady-state protection subunits for processing based on the current dimming scenario and operating status. Since each steady-state protection subunit may differ in its protection characteristics, processing capabilities, or operational focus, this structure makes steady-state protection no longer a single mode, but rather capable of on-demand selection and flexible combination. Simultaneously, the introduction of the switch management subunit allows the participation status of the steady-state protection subunits to be switched without altering the main signal structure, thereby avoiding frequent adjustments to the overall circuit structure.

[0044] The analog-to-digital converter circuit with multiple protection paths is implemented using a combination of discrete components and general-purpose industrial-grade chips to meet the comprehensive requirements of accuracy, stability, and protection capabilities for 0–10V analog output in industrial dimming scenarios. On the dimming panel side, a low-power microcontroller with PWM output capability can be used as the dimming signal source, such as the STM32G031 series microcontroller. Its PWM output resolution can be configured to 12 bits or more, with high duty cycle adjustment accuracy and an operating voltage of 3.3V. It can flexibly generate different dimming rhythms and dimming behavior characteristics through software for subsequent behavior recognition and path management.

[0045] In this implementation, the PWM signal conversion module adopts a classic structure of "RC filtering + operational amplifier buffer amplification". The low-pass filter section can use a first-order or second-order RC filter network, with typical parameters such as R = 10kΩ and C = 1µF, to control the cutoff frequency within the range of 10Hz to 20Hz, effectively suppressing high-frequency components of PWM while preserving the low-frequency characteristics of dimming changes. The operational amplifier can be an industrial-grade, rail-to-rail output op-amp device, such as OPA197 or LMV358, with an operating voltage range covering 5V to 36V and an output swing that can stably cover the 0–10V range. It is used to buffer and amplify the filtered signal, thereby forming a stable 0–10V analog output reference signal.

[0046] In this embodiment, the transient protection unit in the multipath protection management module preferentially selects transient suppression devices with fast response speed and small junction capacitance, such as TVS diodes like SMBJ12A or PESD12VS1UL. Their reverse working voltage covers about 12V, and the clamping response time is in the nanosecond range. This is used to quickly clamp transient surges, electrical fast pulses, or insertion / removal impacts that may be introduced on the dimming load side, preventing high-energy transients from directly acting on the output of the PWM signal conversion module.

[0047] In this embodiment, the steady-state protection unit employs a multi-level limiting and buffering structure, divided into multiple steady-state protection sub-units. Each sub-unit can utilize different limiting characteristics to adapt to different dimming scenarios. For example, the first steady-state protection sub-unit can employ a linear limiting structure composed of precision voltage divider resistors and a reference source, with its limiting threshold set at approximately 10.2V, for long-term steady-state output in conventional dimming scenarios. The second steady-state protection sub-unit can further incorporate an operational amplifier comparator structure to dynamically monitor the output voltage. When the output exceeds a set threshold, it enters a current-limiting or isolation state to enhance protection against misconnected high voltage or long-term overvoltage. The voltage divider resistors can be 0.1% precision metal film resistors to ensure that the steady-state output accuracy is not significantly reduced due to the protection structure.

[0048] In this implementation, the path management unit can be implemented using low on-resistance analog switches or MOSFET matrices, such as ADG704 or TMUX1308 multi-channel analog switch chips. Their typical on-resistance is less than 2Ω, and their leakage current is less than 1µA. These chips are used to switch analog signal paths between different steady-state protection subunits, thereby achieving multi-path management while ensuring signal integrity. The corresponding switch management subunit can be composed of internal channels of the aforementioned analog switches or external N-channel MOSFETs. The MOSFETs can be logic-level MOSFETs such as BSS138 or AO3400, whose gate drive voltage is compatible with the control module's I / O port level, enabling path on / off operation under the control module's enable signal.

[0049] In this implementation, the control module can also be handled by an STM32 series microcontroller. Its internal ADC channel forms the acquisition unit, which samples the voltage at the output of the PWM signal conversion module and the input of the dimming load in real time. The ADC resolution is no less than 12 bits, and the sampling rate can be configured at the level of several kHz. This is used to extract electrical features and support subsequent path constraint and strategy generation logic. The wireless communication unit can be a BLE module (such as nRF52810) or a Sub-GHz module, used to transmit dimming feature information between the dimming panel and the control module, enabling the control module to obtain dimming attributes without interfering with the main signal path.

[0050] Through the above device selection and parameter configuration, this specific implementation can ensure the accuracy of 0–10V analog output while achieving rapid protection against transient shocks, long-term protection against steady-state overvoltages, and controllable switching of multiple protection paths, so that the output circuit has good reliability and adaptability under different dimming behaviors and industrial application scenarios.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, a control method for a signal analog-to-signal conversion output circuit with multiple protection paths is described. The control method includes: S10. Acquire dimming and electrical characteristics; S20. Extract the behavior feature vector and brightness feature vector of the dimming feature, and determine the corresponding dimming behavior type based on the behavior feature vector and brightness feature vector; S30. Determine the corresponding constraints based on the electrical characteristics; S40. Under constraints, generate corresponding path management strategies based on dimming behavior types; S50. According to the path management strategy, control the path management unit and the switch management subunit to switch to the corresponding path on / off state to switch the corresponding protection path on / off.

[0052] Dimming characteristics refer to the set of information generated by the dimming panel that reflects the attributes of dimming operation. This information includes not only the target dimming level but also attributes such as the direction, amplitude, rate of change, and trigger frequency of the dimming operation, characterizing the overall characteristics of dimming behavior. Electrical characteristics refer to parameter information related to voltage, current, or their changing states, collected from the output of the PWM signal conversion module or the input of the dimming load during the operation of the analog-to-digital converter circuit. This type of information reflects the electrical performance of the analog output under actual operating conditions. Behavioral feature vectors are comprehensive descriptive quantities obtained by quantifying the changing relationships of continuous dimming operations based on dimming characteristics. They can characterize the dynamic characteristics of dimming behavior from both time and change dimensions, transforming dimming operations from discrete commands into a behavioral expression that can be used for judgment. Brightness feature vectors are feature descriptions formed for the brightness range in which the dimming result is located and its relationship with the target brightness. They reflect the position of the current dimming behavior within the overall brightness range, thus providing brightness background information for subsequent decisions. Dimming behavior type is a classification result of dimming behavior based on a comprehensive judgment of behavioral feature vectors and brightness feature vectors. It is used to distinguish the operational characteristics under different dimming scenarios, enabling the system to identify whether the current dimming belongs to different types such as rapid change, smooth adjustment, or stable maintenance. Constraints are a set of control boundary information generated based on electrical characteristics to limit or guide path selection. They describe the availability, priority, or switching restrictions of various protection paths under the current electrical state to ensure that the path management process meets safety and stability requirements. Path management strategy is the control result generated under the combined effect of dimming behavior type and constraints. It is used to clarify the protection path combination and its on / off state to be used for the current analog output, thereby achieving orderly management of the output path. Path management unit is a path control structure set in the analog output path. It is used to receive the path management strategy and uniformly schedule the participation status of different protection paths. Switch management subunit is a controllable on / off structure set between steady-state protection paths or protection subunits. Under the action of the path management strategy, it changes the on / off state, thereby realizing the activation, switching, or isolation of different protection paths or protection subunits. A protection path is an electrical path that performs signal transmission and protection functions during analog output. Different protection paths differ in their protection characteristics and operational focus, and are used to adapt to output requirements under different dimming behaviors and electrical conditions.

[0053] In a specific operational example, when a user continuously adjusts the dimming mode using a knob on the dimming panel, the system acquires dimming characteristics including the continuous change amplitude and frequency. Simultaneously, it collects the change state of the analog voltage from the output of the PWM signal conversion module as an electrical characteristic. The control logic constructs a corresponding behavioral feature vector based on the dimming characteristics and combines it with the current brightness range to form a brightness feature vector, thereby determining that the current dimming belongs to the continuous and stable adjustment type. Subsequently, based on the electrical characteristics, it determines that the output voltage is within a safe range and the change trend is gradual, generating constraints that allow multiple paths to participate without frequent switching. Under these constraints, the system generates a path management strategy based on the steady-state protection path and sends control signals to the corresponding switch management subunit through the path management unit to make the target protection path open and the non-target protection path closed, ultimately achieving an analog output that matches the current dimming behavior and electrical state.

[0054] Further steps for obtaining dimming and electrical characteristics include: S101. When a dimming command is detected from the dimming panel, a dimming feature is obtained to characterize the current dimming behavior, and the dimming feature is marked with the corresponding feature identifier. S102. Determine the corresponding acquisition timing window based on the feature identifier; S103. Within the acquisition timing window, the corresponding initial electrical characteristic sets are obtained from the PWM signal conversion module and the dimming load respectively through the acquisition unit built into the control module. S104. Perform an electrical consistency determination process on the initial electrical feature set to generate the corresponding consistency determination result; S105. When the consistency determination result meets the preset conditions, the corresponding electrical feature is output from the initial electrical feature set; S106. Time-align the electrical features and dimming features to bind the dimming features to the corresponding electrical features.

[0055] In this embodiment, the dimming command is a control signal generated by the dimming panel under user operation or system triggering conditions, used to indicate a change in the dimming target. This command can originate from physical operation, preset logic, or communication control. The dimming feature is a set of information extracted when the dimming command is generated, used to describe the attributes of the dimming behavior. It not only reflects the target dimming value itself but also embodies behavioral attributes such as the directionality, continuity, and rhythm of dimming changes, used to characterize the overall characteristics of the dimming behavior. The feature identifier is associated tagging information added after the dimming feature is generated. This tag is used to uniquely identify the current dimming behavior instance in subsequent processing, enabling the electrical acquisition data related to this dimming behavior to be accurately attributed and associated, thereby avoiding confusion when multiple dimming operations overlap in time.

[0056] The acquisition timing window is a time range determined based on feature identifiers. This time range defines the acquisition interval for electrical features, ensuring that the acquired electrical information corresponds to the same dimming behavior process. By setting the acquisition timing window, it is guaranteed that the electrical feature acquisition will neither prematurely capture historical states unrelated to the current dimming nor prematurely introduce the influence of subsequent dimming behaviors. The acquisition unit is a signal acquisition structure integrated into the control module. It is used to acquire electrical parameters of key nodes in real time during circuit operation. This acquisition process can cover the output side of the PWM signal conversion module and the input side of the dimming load, thereby reflecting the electrical state of analog signals before and after transmission and loading. The initial electrical feature set refers to the combination of multi-dimensional electrical parameters acquired by the acquisition unit within the acquisition timing window. This set can include information such as voltage amplitude, voltage change trend, and load response status, comprehensively reflecting the electrical performance under the current dimming behavior.

[0057] The electrical consistency determination process is a verification procedure performed on the initial electrical feature set. It determines whether the collected multi-source electrical features are consistent and valid in terms of time and value, eliminating the influence of abnormal sampling, transient interference, or unexpected changes on the load side. The consistency determination result is the output information of this process, indicating whether the currently collected electrical features meet the reliable conditions for use as a basis for control decisions. When the consistency determination result meets the preset conditions, it indicates that the current initial electrical feature set can accurately reflect the electrical state corresponding to the dimming behavior. At this point, electrical features are selected and output from the initial electrical feature set as valid inputs for subsequent control logic. The electrical features are the electrical parameter information retained during the above selection process; they possess time correlation and state reliability, and can be used to establish a stable correspondence with the dimming features.

[0058] Timing alignment refers to associating electrical features and dimming features along the time dimension, ensuring that the two types of features correspond under the same time reference, thereby eliminating time deviations caused by acquisition or processing delays. Timing alignment guarantees that the electrical features reflect the actual electrical response state corresponding to the dimming features. Binding, after timing alignment, establishes a one-to-one association between the dimming features and their corresponding electrical features, allowing this set of features to participate in analysis and decision-making as a whole in subsequent control processes. This ensures that path management strategies are based on a high degree of consistency between dimming behavior and electrical state.

[0059] Furthermore, the steps for extracting the behavioral feature vector and brightness feature vector of the dimming features include: S2011. Based on the dimming characteristics, determine the target dimming value and the dimming value of the previous cycle, as well as the difference between the target dimming time and the dimming time of the previous cycle. Determine the corresponding dimming change feature sub-vector based on the difference value. The dimming change feature sub-vector includes the direction sub-vector, the amplitude sub-vector, and the rate sub-vector. S2012. Based on the dimming characteristics, determine the corresponding dimming trigger frequency sub-vector, integrate the dimming trigger frequency sub-vector and the dimming change feature sub-vector, and generate the corresponding behavior feature vector. S2013. Based on the dimming characteristics, determine the brightness range before dimming, and the comparison value between the brightness range before dimming and the target dimming value, and determine the corresponding brightness feature vector based on the comparison value.

[0060] In this embodiment, dimming characteristics refer to the set of information generated by the dimming panel during a single or continuous dimming operation, reflecting the dimming target and dimming process attributes. This includes not only the target dimming level but also implicit behavioral information such as the direction, rhythm, and intensity of dimming changes. The target dimming value refers to the dimming setting value expected to be achieved in the current dimming operation. This value typically corresponds to the target control quantity output by the dimming panel at the end of the current operation. The previous cycle dimming value refers to the dimming setting value corresponding to the dimming cycle immediately preceding the current dimming operation, used as a reference benchmark for change calculation. The target dimming time refers to the time point at which the current dimming operation is recognized or confirmed by the system, while the previous cycle dimming time refers to the time point corresponding to the previous dimming operation. The temporal relationship between the two is used to characterize the changing characteristics of dimming behavior in the time dimension.

[0061] The difference value is the change calculated between the target dimming value and the dimming value of the previous cycle, and between the target dimming time and the dimming time of the previous cycle. It is used to quantify the changes in dimming operation in the numerical and temporal dimensions. The dimming change feature sub-vector formed based on this difference value is a structured description of the dimming change behavior. The direction sub-vector is used to represent the trend direction of the dimming change, such as whether the dimming value increases, decreases, or remains unchanged; the amplitude sub-vector is used to characterize the magnitude of the dimming change, thus reflecting whether the dimming operation is a large adjustment or a small correction; the rate sub-vector is used to describe the speed of the dimming change in time, to distinguish different behavior modes such as slow adjustment and fast switching.

[0062] The dimming trigger frequency sub-vector is a behavioral descriptor generated based on the number of dimming command triggers and their temporal distribution in the dimming features. It reflects the density and repetitiveness of dimming operations within a certain time range. This sub-vector indicates whether the user is performing continuous, intermittent, or single-set operations. Integrating the dimming trigger frequency sub-vector with the dimming change feature sub-vector results in a behavioral feature vector that comprehensively characterizes dimming behavior from multiple dimensions, including change direction, change amplitude, change rate, and operation frequency. This transforms dimming operations from a single control variable into a behavioral expression that can be used for judgment and classification.

[0063] The pre-dimming brightness range refers to the brightness range in which the dimming load is located before the current dimming operation occurs. This range reflects the initial state of the load within the overall brightness range. The comparison value between the target dimming value and the pre-dimming brightness range describes the change in brightness relative to the original state during this dimming operation, such as whether it crosses multiple brightness ranges or only performs fine-tuning within the current range. The brightness feature vector formed based on this comparison value is used to characterize the positional attributes of the dimming behavior in the brightness space, enabling the system to identify whether the current dimming occurs in a low brightness range, a mid-brightness range, or near the upper brightness limit, thus providing brightness background information for subsequent dimming behavior type determination.

[0064] Furthermore, the step of determining the corresponding dimming behavior type based on the behavior feature vector and the brightness feature vector includes: S2021. Make a preliminary judgment on the behavioral feature vector and generate the corresponding first preliminary judgment result. The first preliminary judgment result includes the rapid change result, the stable change result, and the steady-state maintenance result. S2022. Make a preliminary judgment on the brightness feature vector and generate a corresponding second preliminary judgment result. The second preliminary judgment result includes the current dimming behavior being in the brightness upper limit range, the brightness middle range, and the brightness stable range. S2023. Determine whether there is a strategy conflict between the first preliminary judgment result and the second preliminary judgment result; S2024. If it does not exist, then a comprehensive mapping is performed based on the first preliminary judgment result and the second preliminary judgment result to generate the corresponding dimming behavior type. S2025. If it exists, determine the preset weights of the first preliminary judgment result and the second preliminary judgment result, select the first preliminary judgment result or the second preliminary judgment result with the highest preset weight for mapping, and generate the corresponding dimming behavior type.

[0065] In this embodiment, the behavioral feature vector is a comprehensive description of the dimming operation in terms of time and change dimensions. It reflects the characteristics of the dimming behavior, such as the direction, amplitude, rate of change, and trigger density, and is used to characterize the dynamic behavioral attributes of the dimming operation itself. Preliminary judgment is the first layer of classification processing performed on this behavioral feature vector. Its purpose is to quickly classify the intensity of changes in the dimming behavior so that subsequent decisions can be based on a clear behavioral profile. The first preliminary judgment result is the behavioral classification information output by this preliminary judgment. The rapid change result indicates that the dimming value changes significantly or frequently in a short period of time; the stable change result indicates that the dimming value changes gradually in a continuous and controllable manner within a certain time range; and the steady-state maintenance result indicates that the dimming value remains basically unchanged or only fluctuates slightly.

[0066] The brightness feature vector describes the position of the dimming load in the overall brightness space when the current dimming action occurs. It reflects the relationship between the brightness range before dimming and the target dimming level, and is used to characterize the brightness background of the dimming action. The initial judgment performed on the brightness feature vector classifies the brightness range in which the dimming action occurs, in order to distinguish the potential impact of the dimming action on the output control under different brightness environments. The second preliminary judgment result is the brightness state classification information output by the brightness judgment. The brightness upper limit range is used to indicate that the current dimming action occurs when the brightness is close to the maximum allowable range. The brightness middle range is used to indicate that the dimming action occurs within the normal operating brightness range. The brightness stable range is used to indicate that the dimming load is in a state of long-term stable brightness level with small fluctuations.

[0067] Strategy conflict refers to a situation where the first preliminary judgment result and the second preliminary judgment result are inconsistent or potentially contradictory in terms of control implications. For example, dimming behavior may exhibit rapid changes at the behavioral level, but at the brightness level, it may be approaching the upper limit of brightness, thus causing a conflict between response speed and safety boundaries in subsequent control. The judgment of strategy conflict is used to identify such inconsistencies to avoid unbalanced control decisions caused by simply adding judgment results together. Comprehensive mapping is the process of jointly processing the first and second preliminary judgment results in the absence of strategy conflict. This mapping can simultaneously consider behavioral change characteristics and brightness state, thereby generating a dimming behavior type that better reflects the actual dimming scenario.

[0068] Preset weights are control parameters used to measure the importance of different preliminary judgment results in the current scenario when strategy conflicts exist. They reflect whether the system should prioritize behavioral change characteristics or brightness state constraints in conflict situations. By comparing the magnitudes of preset weights, the system can choose between the first and second preliminary judgment results, selecting the judgment result that better meets safety or stability requirements as the mapping basis. The dimming behavior type is the final classification result generated during the above judgment and mapping process. This result comprehensively reflects the behavioral intensity and brightness environment attributes of the dimming operation, providing clear behavioral semantic input for the generation of subsequent path management strategies.

[0069] Furthermore, the step of determining the corresponding constraints based on electrical characteristics includes: S301. Based on the electrical characteristics, at least the corresponding amplitude feature vector, trend feature vector, and duration feature vector of the abnormal electrical state shall be determined. S302. Determine the path admission constraint sub-conditions based on the magnitude feature vector; S303. Determine path selection preference sub-conditions based on the feature vector of changing trends; S304. Determine the path convergence constraint sub-conditions based on the duration feature vector; S305. Integrate the path admission constraint sub-conditions, path selection preference sub-conditions, and path convergence constraint sub-conditions to generate the corresponding constraint conditions.

[0070] In this embodiment, dimming characteristics refer to the set of information generated by the dimming panel during a single or continuous dimming operation, reflecting the dimming target and dimming process attributes. This includes not only the target dimming level but also implicit behavioral information such as the direction, rhythm, and intensity of dimming changes. The target dimming value refers to the dimming setting value expected to be achieved in the current dimming operation. This value typically corresponds to the target control quantity output by the dimming panel at the end of the current operation. The previous cycle dimming value refers to the dimming setting value corresponding to the dimming cycle immediately preceding the current dimming operation, used as a reference benchmark for change calculation. The target dimming time refers to the time point at which the current dimming operation is recognized or confirmed by the system, while the previous cycle dimming time refers to the time point corresponding to the previous dimming operation. The temporal relationship between the two is used to characterize the changing characteristics of dimming behavior in the time dimension.

[0071] The difference value is the change calculated between the target dimming value and the dimming value of the previous cycle, and between the target dimming time and the dimming time of the previous cycle. It is used to quantify the changes in dimming operation in the numerical and temporal dimensions. The dimming change feature sub-vector formed based on this difference value is a structured description of the dimming change behavior. The direction sub-vector is used to represent the trend direction of the dimming change, such as whether the dimming value increases, decreases, or remains unchanged; the amplitude sub-vector is used to characterize the magnitude of the dimming change, thus reflecting whether the dimming operation is a large adjustment or a small correction; the rate sub-vector is used to describe the speed of the dimming change in time, to distinguish different behavior modes such as slow adjustment and fast switching.

[0072] The dimming trigger frequency sub-vector is a behavioral descriptor generated based on the number of dimming command triggers and their temporal distribution in the dimming features. It reflects the density and repetitiveness of dimming operations within a certain time range. This sub-vector indicates whether the user is performing continuous, intermittent, or single-set operations. Integrating the dimming trigger frequency sub-vector with the dimming change feature sub-vector results in a behavioral feature vector that comprehensively characterizes dimming behavior from multiple dimensions, including change direction, change amplitude, change rate, and operation frequency. This transforms dimming operations from a single control variable into a behavioral expression that can be used for judgment and classification.

[0073] The pre-dimming brightness range refers to the brightness range in which the dimming load is located before the current dimming operation occurs. This range reflects the initial state of the load within the overall brightness range. The comparison value between the target dimming value and the pre-dimming brightness range describes the change in brightness relative to the original state during this dimming operation, such as whether it crosses multiple brightness ranges or only performs fine-tuning within the current range. The brightness feature vector formed based on this comparison value is used to characterize the positional attributes of the dimming behavior in the brightness space, enabling the system to identify whether the current dimming occurs in a low brightness range, a mid-brightness range, or near the upper brightness limit, thus providing brightness background information for subsequent dimming behavior type determination.

[0074] Furthermore, under constraints, the step of generating the corresponding path management strategy based on the dimming behavior type includes: S401. Based on the dimming behavior type, match the corresponding participation path; S402. Based on the path admission constraints, the participating paths are screened to determine the corresponding admission paths; S403. Based on the path selection preference sub-condition, determine the corresponding target protection path for each access path; S404. Based on path convergence constraint self-adjustment, determine whether to perform a switching operation to the target protection path or to maintain the current protection path, so as to generate the corresponding switching result; S405. Based on the switching result, generate the corresponding path management strategy.

[0075] In this embodiment, the dimming behavior type is the behavior classification result obtained from the comprehensive judgment of dimming behavior characteristics and brightness state in the preprocessing. It is used to characterize the overall attributes of the current dimming operation in terms of change intensity, stability, and brightness background. The participating path is a set of candidate signal transmission paths initially selected in the multi-path protection structure based on the dimming behavior type. This set is used to limit the range of protection paths that may participate in analog output under the current dimming scenario, so that subsequent decisions do not have to make indiscriminate selections from all paths. The path admission constraint is control restriction information generated based on the amplitude state in the electrical characteristics. It is used to describe whether each participating path has the basic safety conditions to enter the working state under the current electrical amplitude conditions, thereby excluding protection paths that are not suitable for the current output state at the path level. The admission path refers to the set of paths that are still allowed to participate in output after being screened by the path admission constraint. The paths in this set meet the current operating requirements in terms of electrical safety.

[0076] The path selection preference sub-condition is a guiding control information generated based on the changing trend of electrical characteristics. It is used to establish a priority relationship among multiple access paths, enabling the system to assign different selection preferences to different protection paths according to the smoothness or rate of change of output. The target protection path, determined further from the access paths under the path selection preference sub-condition, is the protection path most suitable for the current dimming behavior type and electrical state. This path is used as the preferred analog output path. The path convergence constraint self-adjustment is a dynamic adjustment mechanism formed based on the persistence of abnormal electrical states. It is used to constrain the switching frequency and timing during the path switching decision process. When the system detects short-term fluctuations or instability in the electrical state, this self-adjustment mechanism restricts path switching behavior; when the abnormal or changing state persists to a certain condition, the path state is allowed to converge towards the target protection path. The switching result is the execution instruction information generated after the path convergence constraint self-adjustment judgment. It is used to clarify whether a path switching operation needs to be performed or whether the existing protection path should remain unchanged. The path management strategy is the final control decision formed based on the switching result. It is used to describe the protection path configuration that should be adopted for the current analog output and its maintenance or switching status, thereby providing a clear basis for the path on / off control of the subsequent execution layer.

[0077] Furthermore, the step of controlling the path management unit and the switch management subunit to switch to the corresponding path on / off state according to the path management strategy includes: S501. Based on the path management strategy, determine the switch management sub-unit that needs to be controlled as the target sub-unit, and send the corresponding on / off request to the path management unit and the target sub-unit, and receive the returned configuration request in real time. S502. If all configuration requests meet the preset configuration conditions, then according to the path management strategy, control the path management unit and the switch management subunit to switch to the corresponding path on / off state.

[0078] In this embodiment, the path management strategy is the control result generated in the preceding decision-making process. It is used to clarify the target configuration status of each protection path during the current analog output process, including which paths need to be enabled, which paths need to be disabled, and whether a path switching operation needs to be performed. The switch management subunit is a controllable on / off structure set between different protection paths or protection subunits. It can change its own on / off state under the action of control signals, thereby realizing the control of the participation status of specific protection paths. The target subunit is the switch management subunit selected from multiple switch management subunits according to the path management strategy that needs to participate in the current path configuration adjustment. Its corresponding on / off state change will directly affect the protection path adopted by the analog output.

[0079] A power-on / off request is a control instruction generated by the control logic based on the path management strategy. It instructs the path management unit and the target sub-unit to perform a power-on or power-off operation. This request not only includes the target power-on / off status but may also implicitly contain execution timing or priority information. Upon receiving the power-on / off request, the path management unit, as the centralized control node of the multi-path protection structure, parses the request and coordinates the configuration process of each relevant path. A configuration request is a status feedback message returned by the path management unit or the target sub-unit after receiving the power-on / off request. This feedback indicates whether the current hardware state meets the conditions for performing the power-on / off operation, such as whether it is in a switchable operating state, or whether there are resource conflicts or occupancy issues.

[0080] Preset configuration conditions are a set of control constraints used to determine whether a configuration request is acceptable. They ensure that the relevant paths and their corresponding switch management subunits are in a safe and controllable state before path on / off switching is performed, thus avoiding switching operations at inappropriate times. Path on / off status refers to the conduction or deactivation of the protected path under the current configuration. This status directly determines the transmission mode of analog signals in the multi-path protection structure. When the preset configuration conditions are met, the control logic issues execution control to the path management unit and switch management subunit according to the path management strategy, switching them to the path on / off status consistent with the strategy, thereby implementing the strategy-level decision at the specific hardware execution layer.

[0081] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A signal analog-to-digital converter output circuit with multiple protection paths, characterized in that, The output circuit includes a dimming panel, a control module, a PWM signal conversion module, a multipath protection management module, and a dimming load; The signal output terminal of the dimming panel is connected to the signal input terminal of the PWM signal conversion module, the signal output terminal of the PWM signal conversion module is connected to the signal input terminal of the multipath protection management module, and the signal output terminal of the multipath protection management module is connected to the signal input terminal of the dimming load. The enable signal input terminal of the multi-path protection management module is connected to the enable signal output terminal of the control module. Both the control module and the dimming panel have built-in wireless communication units that can achieve wireless communication with each other, so that the control module can receive the dimming features sent by the dimming panel. The control module has a built-in acquisition unit for acquiring corresponding electrical features. The control module generates a corresponding path management strategy based on the electrical features and the dimming features. The path management strategy is used to switch the corresponding protection path in the multi-path protection management module on and off.

2. The signal analog-to-digital converter output circuit with multiple protection paths according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multipath protection management module includes at least a transient protection unit, a steady-state protection unit, and a path management unit. The signal input terminal of the transient protection unit is connected to the signal output terminal of the PWM signal conversion module, and the signal output terminal of the transient protection unit is connected to the signal input terminal of the dimming load. The signal input terminal of the path management unit is connected to the signal output terminal of the PWM signal conversion module, and the signal output terminal of the path management unit is connected to the signal input terminal of the steady-state protection unit, which is also connected to the signal input terminal of the dimming load. The signal input terminal of the path management unit is connected to the enable signal output terminal of the control module.

3. The signal analog-to-digital converter output circuit with multiple protection paths according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steady-state protection unit includes multiple protection sub-units and a switch management sub-unit between two adjacent protection sub-units. The signal input terminal of each switch management sub-unit is connected to the enable signal output terminal of the control module. The signal input terminal of each protection sub-unit is connected to the signal output terminal of the path management unit. The signal output terminal of each protection sub-unit is connected to the signal input terminal of the dimming load.

4. A control method for a signal analog-to-digital converter output circuit with multiple protection paths, characterized in that, The control method of the signal analog-to-digital converter output circuit with multiple protection paths as described in claim 3 includes: Acquire dimming and electrical characteristics; Extract the behavioral feature vector and brightness feature vector of the dimming feature, and determine the corresponding dimming behavior type based on the behavioral feature vector and the brightness feature vector; Based on the electrical characteristics, determine the corresponding constraints; Under the constraints, a corresponding path management strategy is generated based on the dimming behavior type; According to the path management strategy, the path management unit and the switch management subunit are switched to the corresponding path on / off state to connect or disconnect the corresponding protection path.

5. The control method for a signal analog-to-digital converter output circuit with multiple protection paths according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steps for acquiring dimming features and electrical features include: When a dimming command is detected from the dimming panel, a dimming feature is obtained to characterize the current dimming behavior, and the dimming feature is marked with a corresponding feature identifier. Based on the feature identifier, the corresponding acquisition timing window is determined; Within the acquisition timing window, the corresponding initial electrical characteristic sets are obtained from the PWM signal conversion module and the dimming load respectively through the acquisition unit built into the control module; An electrical consistency determination process is executed on the initial electrical feature set to generate a corresponding consistency determination result; When the consistency determination result meets the preset conditions, the corresponding electrical feature is output in the initial electrical feature set; The electrical features and the dimming features are time-aligned to bind the dimming features to the corresponding electrical features.

6. The control method for a signal analog-to-digital converter output circuit with multiple protection paths according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of extracting the behavioral feature vector and brightness feature vector of the dimming feature includes: Based on the dimming features, the target dimming value and the dimming value of the previous cycle are determined, as well as the difference between the target dimming time and the dimming time of the previous cycle. The corresponding dimming change feature sub-vector is determined according to the difference value. The dimming change feature sub-vector includes a direction sub-vector, an amplitude sub-vector, and a rate sub-vector. Based on the dimming features, a corresponding dimming trigger frequency sub-vector is determined, and the dimming trigger frequency sub-vector and the dimming change feature sub-vector are integrated to generate a corresponding behavior feature vector; Based on the dimming characteristics, the brightness range before dimming is determined, as well as the comparison value between the brightness range before dimming and the target dimming value, and the corresponding brightness feature vector is determined according to the comparison value.

7. The control method for a signal analog-to-digital converter output circuit with multiple protection paths according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of determining the corresponding dimming behavior type based on the behavior feature vector and the brightness feature vector includes: The behavioral feature vector is initially determined to generate a corresponding first preliminary determination result, which includes rapid change result, stable change result and steady-state maintenance result. The brightness feature vector is initially determined, and a corresponding second preliminary determination result is generated. The second preliminary determination result includes whether the current dimming behavior is in the range close to the upper limit of brightness, the middle range of brightness, or the stable range of brightness. Determine whether there is a strategy conflict between the first preliminary determination result and the second preliminary determination result; If it does not exist, a comprehensive mapping is performed based on the first preliminary judgment result and the second preliminary judgment result to generate the corresponding dimming behavior type; If they exist, then the preset weights of the first preliminary judgment result and the second preliminary judgment result are determined, and the first preliminary judgment result or the second preliminary judgment result with the highest preset weight is selected for mapping to generate the corresponding dimming behavior type.

8. The control method for a signal analog-to-digital converter output circuit with multiple protection paths according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of determining the corresponding constraint conditions based on the electrical characteristics includes: Based on the electrical characteristics, at least the corresponding amplitude feature vector, the trend feature vector, and the duration feature vector of the abnormal electrical state are determined; Based on the amplitude feature vector, determine the path admission constraint sub-conditions; Based on the aforementioned trend feature vector, determine the path selection preference sub-conditions; Based on the duration feature vector, determine the path convergence constraint sub-conditions; The path admission constraint sub-condition, the path selection preference sub-condition, and the path convergence constraint sub-condition are integrated to generate corresponding constraint conditions.

9. The control method for a signal analog-to-digital converter output circuit with multiple protection paths according to claim 8, characterized in that, The step of generating a corresponding path management strategy based on the dimming behavior type under the constraints includes: Based on the dimming behavior type, the corresponding participation path is matched; Based on the path admission constraints, the participating paths are filtered to determine the corresponding admission paths; Based on the path selection preference sub-conditions, the corresponding target protection path is determined for each of the admission paths; Based on the path convergence constraint self-adjustment, it is determined whether to perform a switching operation to the target protection path or to maintain the current protection path, so as to generate the corresponding switching result; Based on the switching result, a corresponding path management strategy is generated.

10. The control method for a signal analog-to-digital converter output circuit with multiple protection paths according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of controlling the path management unit and the switch management subunit to switch to the corresponding path on / off state according to the path management strategy includes: According to the path management strategy, the switch management subunit that needs to be controlled is determined as the target subunit, and the corresponding on / off request is sent to the path management unit and the target subunit, and the returned configuration request is received in real time. If all the requests to be configured meet the preset configuration conditions, then according to the path management strategy, the path management unit and the switch management subunit are controlled to switch to the corresponding path on / off state.

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