Method and device for treating invasive species, namely blue gill sunfish

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of blue gill sunfish treatment, in particular to a treatment method and device for invasive species blue gill sunfish. Comprising the following steps of population reduction and breeding blocking, spawning cluster positioning and mapping, spawning cluster overall removal, non-breeding season normalized continuous suppression, establishment of a long-term biological control mechanism, and long-term monitoring and adaptive management. According to the method, oviposition cluster positioning mapping is taken as a data basis, cluster clearing and nest damage are taken as core strike means, non-breeding season normalized suppression is taken as a continuous control measure, and siniperca chuatsi enhancement and release is taken as a long-term biological control mechanism, so that a systematic and engineered comprehensive treatment scheme is constructed; the method is clear in target, clear in step and accurate in intervention, and can realize efficient, thorough and sustainable suppression on invasive populations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bluegill sunfish control technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for controlling the invasive species bluegill sunfish. Background Technology

[0002] Bluegill sunfish, as an invasive species, has successfully established itself and continues to expand in many freshwater ecosystems in my country, posing a serious threat to native aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem function. Bluegill sunfish are highly adaptable to different ecosystems, with a long breeding season lasting from April to November each year. Adults are aggressive and have a wide diet, exerting significant predation pressure on fish eggs. Crucially, they adopt a gregarious breeding pattern, constructing high-density spawning nests on the seabed, guarded by males, greatly increasing the survival rate of offspring, making eradication and control difficult and ineffective.

[0003] Currently, the management of bluegill sunfish relies heavily on single methods, such as localized fishing, small-scale netting, or biological control. However, these methods generally suffer from low efficiency, inability to disrupt their reproductive base, and unclear ecological risks, making it difficult to achieve effective and sustainable suppression of their populations. In particular, there is a lack of coordinated operational solutions that can simultaneously achieve efficient removal of adult individuals and physical destruction of their nesting structures, which is crucial for disrupting their reproductive cycle. The management of invasive species cannot be carried out in isolation; it must be placed within the framework of overall aquatic ecological restoration. The "fish-based water management" strategy controls eutrophication by releasing filter-feeding fish to directly filter algae. However, this method requires targeted adjustments to the water bodies invaded by bluegill sunfish.

[0004] Regarding control measures, existing fishing operations mostly employ traditional fishing nets or simple fishing equipment, resulting in poor selectivity, significant harm to non-target fish species, and low efficiency. Furthermore, there is a lack of specialized underwater mechanized equipment for the thorough and efficient physical destruction of bluegill sunfish nests; conventional underwater dredging or engineering equipment is insufficient to meet the demands for precise nest location and destruction.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method and device to control the invasive species bluegill sunfish in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems in the background art and provide a method and apparatus for controlling the invasive species bluegill sunfish.

[0007] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A method for controlling the invasive species bluegill sunfish includes the following steps: S1. Population decline and reproduction interruption: S11. Spawning Cluster Location and Mapping: Detect and survey the location, boundaries, range, and internal density of bluegill sunfish spawning nest clusters, and create an annual GIS map of bluegill sunfish spawning cluster hotspots. S12. Complete removal of spawning clusters: According to the map, surround the spawning cluster area and use the fishing equipment on the work boat to catch adult bluegill sunfish in the area of ​​the netting to remove them. After the removal is completed, use the destruction equipment on the work boat to destroy the nests to prevent subsequent fish from using them. S13. Regular and continuous suppression during non-breeding season: Regularly deploy nets during non-breeding season, inspect and clean the nets regularly, and record the catch to prevent continuous harm to local fish species; S2. Establish a long-term biological control mechanism: Based on the carrying capacity of the ecosystem, release carnivorous mandarin fish, and release large-sized fish species with a body length greater than 15cm. S3. Long-term monitoring and adaptive management: Conduct regular fish resource surveys to monitor the population status of bluegill sunfish, key native fish species, and mandarin fish. If the bluegill sunfish population shows a significant upward trend, initiate targeted elimination operations.

[0008] Preferably, step S11 includes the following steps: S111, Wide-area rapid reconnaissance: Using drones equipped with high-definition polarized lenses to take aerial photos, visually identify and locate nest clusters built by bluegill sunfish in shallow water areas, and record the GPS coordinates of all suspected nest clusters. S112. Precise mapping at fixed points: Using sonar detection equipment or underwater photography equipment, detect the underwater morphology, identify the characteristic bottom structure formed by dense nests, and generate a sonar mosaic map with geographic coordinates. S113, Supplementary Field Verification: Organize personnel to conduct on-site inspections by boat to verify the detection results of S111 and S112, and conduct supplementary surveys of areas that cannot be accessed by boat. Drones were used to conduct large-scale, rapid surveys of nesting sites in shallow waters. In deeper or slightly turbid waters, sonar or underwater photography equipment was used to efficiently survey large areas of water and quantify nest density. Personnel were organized to visually confirm and mark potential spawning grounds in areas with aquatic plant growth, gentle slopes, and bays. Supplementary surveys were conducted in extremely shallow waters and areas with dense aquatic plants. The boundaries of confirmed spawning clusters were physically marked on the water surface to provide clear operational range indications for subsequent removal.

[0009] Preferably, during the execution of steps S1 to S3, a water quality optimization plan is implemented simultaneously, including the following steps: S41. Adjusting the stocking structure and preparation: Stop the stocking of bighead carp and prepare to use all the stocking quota for filter-feeding fish specifically for the purchase and breeding of silver carp; S42. Reconstructing and strengthening fish communities: Replenishing the stock with large-sized silver carp fry with an average weight of over 150 grams, and gradually adjusting the biomass ratio of silver carp and bighead carp in the reservoir to the optimal algae control efficiency range, i.e., 4:1 to 5:1. S43. Monitoring water quality and ecological response: Establish a long-term and systematic dynamic monitoring plan for water ecology, monitor water quality indicators and phytoplankton communities, accurately track changes in the biomass ratio of silver carp and bighead carp through standardized sampling, regularly review monitoring data and management effectiveness, and optimize and adjust the specific implementation for the next cycle. Silver carp are more efficient filter feeders of phytoplankton (including cyanobacteria), while bighead carp mainly feed on zooplankton. Excessive bighead carp can excessively suppress zooplankton populations, weakening the grazing pressure of zooplankton on small algae and exacerbating algae problems. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate the biomass ratio of silver carp and bighead carp. In view of the current ecological status of Xianlin Reservoir, the release of bighead carp should be stopped and the release of silver carp should be increased. Large-sized silver carp fry should be purchased to effectively avoid predation pressure from bluegill sunfish, improve the survival rate, ensure the release effect, avoid one-time large-scale over-stocking, and adopt a data-based "feedback" fine-tuning strategy to achieve refined management of the ecosystem.

[0010] A device for controlling the invasive species bluegill sunfish includes a workboat, a fishing mechanism, a connecting mechanism, and a destruction mechanism. The fishing mechanism is located on at least one side of the front-middle section of the workboat, the connecting mechanism is located at the bottom of the middle-rear section of the workboat, and the destruction mechanism is located at the bottom of the connecting mechanism. The workboat is equipped with a fishing sorting area.

[0011] Preferably, the fishing mechanism includes a net fixing block, a net lifting rod, a net fixing frame, a fishing net, and a net rotating motor. The net fixing block includes a fixed section and a rotating section connected in sequence. The fixed section is fixedly mounted on the working vessel, and the rotating section is located outside the fixed section and rotatably connected to it. The net rotating motor is fixedly mounted inside the fixed section, and its output end is connected to the rotating section. The net lifting rod is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the rotating section. The net fixing frame is fixedly mounted at the opening of the fishing net, and its inner side is located within the net. The bottom of the lifting rod; the working vessel enters the enclosure area and moves slowly, adjusting the depth of the fishing net by the lifting rod, significantly increasing the fishing depth range. During the fishing process, the net rotation motor drives the rotating section to rotate, causing the fishing net to swing back and forth, reducing the escape of fish and improving the capture efficiency. After the fishing is completed, the lifting rod raises the fishing net out of the water, and the net rotation motor drives the fishing net to rotate upward to a horizontal position. The net fixing frame and the fishing net are detachably connected. When the opening of the fishing net rotates upward to a horizontal position, the connecting parts are removed and the fishing net is unloaded.

[0012] Preferably, the fishing and sorting area includes a primary sorting pool, a bluegill sunfish sorting pool, a non-target fish sorting pool, and a live fish storage tank. The primary sorting pool is located next to the fishing mechanism, and the bluegill sunfish sorting pool and the non-target fish sorting pool are arranged in parallel downstream of the primary sorting pool. The live fish storage tank is located downstream of the non-target fish sorting pool. The catch unloaded from the fishing mechanism is first placed in the primary sorting pool, where operators manually identify and sort the fish. Bluegill sunfish are transferred to the bluegill sunfish sorting pool, while non-target fish species (mainly native fish species that need protection) that have been accidentally caught are transferred to the non-target fish sorting pool for secondary confirmation. After confirmation, native fish are transferred to the live fish storage tank. After the fishing operation in a certain area is completed, the fish are released back into the water, ensuring that the removal and management of bluegill sunfish does not affect the survival of native fish species. The assembly-line spatial layout allows multiple operators to work synchronously without interference, improving the overall sorting efficiency.

[0013] Preferably, the connecting mechanism includes a base, a worm gear, a worm gear support, a pitch motor, a turbine, a turbine mounting base, and a connecting platform. The base is fixedly installed at the bottom of the workboat. The worm gear support and the pitch motor are both fixedly installed at the bottom of the base. The worm gear is rotatably mounted between the two worm gear supports, with one end connected to the output shaft of the pitch motor and the other end rotatably connected to the worm gear support. The turbine mounting base is located below the worm gear support and includes an active mounting arm, a driven mounting arm, a mounting frame, and a mounting block. The active and driven mounting arms are rotatably mounted on the outside of the two worm gear support arms. The mounting frame is fixedly installed at the bottom of the active and driven mounting arms. The mounting block... The turbine is fixedly mounted on both sides of the mounting frame and rotatably mounted in the two mounting blocks. The turbine and worm gear mesh with each other. The connecting platform is located below the turbine mounting base. A connecting rod extending upward is fixedly mounted on the top of the connecting platform. The connecting rod is fixedly connected to the turbine's rotating shaft. The bottom of the connecting platform is fixedly connected to the top of the destruction mechanism. The pitch rotation motor drives the worm gear to rotate, which in turn drives the turbine meshing with it to rotate. Through the connecting rod, the connecting platform rotates along the turbine shaft, thereby changing the pitch angle of the destruction mechanism fixedly connected to the connecting platform, that is, changing the water immersion depth of the bottom of the destruction mechanism. This allows the destruction mechanism to adapt to different depths for destruction operations, ensuring the destruction effect on the nest structure.

[0014] Preferably, the connecting mechanism further includes a left-right swing motor, which is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the base. The active mounting arm is drivenly connected to the output end of the left-right swing motor, and the driven mounting arm is located at the output end of the pitch rotation motor but does not contact the output end of the pitch rotation motor. Both the active and driven mounting arms are rotatably mounted on the outside of the worm gear support via bearings. The outer ring of the bearing on the active mounting arm is fixedly connected to the outside of the worm gear support, and the inner ring of the bearing is fixedly connected to the output end of the left-right swing motor. The outer ring of the bearing on the driven mounting arm is rotatably mounted on the outside of the worm gear support via bearings. The outer side of the worm gear support is fixedly connected, the inner ring of the bearing is fixedly connected to the driven mounting arm, and the inner diameter of the central through hole of the bearing of the driven mounting arm is larger than the outer diameter of the output end of the pitch rotation motor, so that the driven mounting arm and the pitch rotation motor do not interfere with each other in space. The left and right swing motor drives the active mounting arm to rotate, and drives the connecting platform to rotate along the motor shaft through the mounting frame, so that the destruction mechanism can rotate accordingly. Its rotation axis is perpendicular to the turbine shaft, so that the connecting platform has two degrees of freedom in space, that is, the bottom of the destruction mechanism can swing left and right to sweep the bottom of the water, thereby enhancing the destruction effect.

[0015] Preferably, the destruction mechanism includes a working arm and a bottom rake. The bottom rake includes a rake head and rake teeth. The top of the working arm is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the connecting platform, the rake head is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the working arm, and the rake teeth are fixedly mounted on the rake head. The working boat slowly navigates in the spawning cluster area, dragging the destruction mechanism forward. Driven by the left and right swing motor of the connecting mechanism, the bottom rake stirs and loosens the sand and gravel of the nest bed in a Z-shape until the nest structure completely disappears, rendering it no longer capable of hatching, and causing the fish eggs to be buried in the bottom mud or exposed for predation by other organisms.

[0016] Preferably, the rake teeth include arrayed pre-damaging teeth and main damaging teeth arranged in two rows. The pre-damaging teeth include a straight rod and a hook, with the hook located at the bottom of the straight rod. The main damaging teeth include a main body and multiple blades extending radially from the main body. With the forward direction of the work vessel as the positive direction, the pre-damaging teeth are located in front of the main damaging teeth. The hooks first contact the bottom of the water. The pre-damaging teeth push aside or hook up debris such as aquatic plants and gravel, creating a relatively clean working surface for the main damaging teeth. At the same time, they initially loosen the surface soil. The main damaging teeth located in the rear row act on the nest structure from different angles simultaneously through multiple blades, performing efficient cutting, tearing, and deep stirring to ensure the complete destruction of the nest.

[0017] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention, through the formulation of a multi-stage progressive strategy, uses spawning cluster location mapping as the data foundation, cluster elimination and nest destruction as the core means of attack, normalized suppression during the non-breeding season as a continuous control measure, and the release of mandarin fish as a long-term biological control mechanism to construct a systematic and engineered comprehensive governance solution. Compared with single and scattered governance methods, this invention has clear objectives, clear steps, and precise intervention, and can achieve efficient, thorough and sustainable suppression of invasive populations. 2. This invention adjusts the biomass of silver carp and bighead carp to the optimal algae control ratio and specifically strengthens the stocking of silver carp, scientifically guiding the targeted optimization of the community structure of filter-feeding fish (silver carp and bighead carp) in reservoirs. It aims to quickly restore and enhance the water body's own algae control capacity and ecological stability, directly improve water quality, reduce the degree of eutrophication and increase transparency, facilitate the detection and removal of bluegill sunfish, weaken their survival and reproductive advantages, and further promote and consolidate the treatment effect. 3. The present invention sets up a fishing mechanism to increase the fishing depth range, reduce the escape of fish, and carry out carpet fishing in the spawning cluster area with high efficiency. The entire spawning cluster is treated as a functional unit and removed as a whole, rather than removing individual male fish guarding the nest in a scattered manner, thereby breaking the mechanism of their group protection. The fishing sorting area is set up to sort and release the native fish that are accidentally caught, so as to avoid interference with non-target fish populations. 4. By setting up a connecting mechanism and a destruction mechanism, this invention enables the bottom rake to move in a controllable, precise, and powerful manner in complex underwater environments. It can adapt to different depths and complex bottom sediments, and directly dismantle the physical structure of the nest with mechanical force, ensuring that the fish eggs inside are exposed, buried, or physically destroyed, thus fundamentally eliminating the possibility of hatching. It transforms inefficient operations that rely on manpower or non-specialized equipment into programmable, highly efficient, and standardized engineering operations, providing technical support to ensure that the overall treatment plan can achieve a radical cure. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fishing mechanism structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection mechanism structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rake head structure of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Working vessel; 2. Fishing mechanism; 21. Net fixing block; 211. Fixing section; 212. Rotating section; 22. Net lifting rod; 23. Net fixing frame; 24. Fishing net; 25. Net rotating motor; 3. Connecting mechanism; 31. Base; 32. Worm gear; 33. Worm gear support seat; 34. Pitch rotating motor; 35. Turbine; 36. Turbine mounting seat; 361. Active mounting arm; 362. Driven mounting arm; 363. Mounting frame; 364. 1. Installation block; 37. Connecting platform; 371. Connecting rod; 38. Left and right swing motor; 4. Crushing mechanism; 41. Working arm; 42. Bottom rake; 43. Rake head; 44. Rake teeth; 45. Pre-crushing teeth; 451. Straight rod; 452. Hook; 46. Main crushing teeth; 461. Main body; 462. Tooth blade; 5. Fishing and sorting area; 51. Primary sorting pool; 52. Bluegill sunfish sorting pool; 53. Non-target fish sorting pool; 54. Live fish temporary storage compartment. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Example:

[0021] according to Figure 1 As shown, a method and apparatus for controlling the invasive species bluegill sunfish includes the following steps: S1. Population decline and reproduction interruption: S11. Spawning Cluster Location and Mapping: Detect and survey the location, boundaries, range, and internal density of bluegill sunfish spawning nest clusters, and create an annual GIS map of bluegill sunfish spawning cluster hotspots. S12. Complete removal of spawning clusters: According to the map, surround the spawning cluster area and use the fishing mechanism 2 on the invasive species bluegill sunfish control device operation vessel 1 to catch and remove adult bluegill sunfish in the enclosure area. After the removal is completed, use the destruction mechanism 4 on the operation vessel 1 to destroy the nests to prevent subsequent fish from using them. S13. Regular and continuous suppression during non-breeding season: Regularly deploy nets during non-breeding season, inspect and clean the nets regularly, and record the catch to prevent continuous harm to local fish species; S2. Establish a long-term biological control mechanism: Based on the carrying capacity of the ecosystem, release carnivorous mandarin fish, and release large-sized fish species with a body length greater than 15cm. S3. Long-term monitoring and adaptive management: Conduct regular fish resource surveys to monitor the population status of bluegill sunfish, key native fish species, and mandarin fish. If the bluegill sunfish population shows a significant upward trend, initiate targeted elimination operations.

[0022] according to Figure 1 As shown, step S11 includes the following steps: S111, Wide-area rapid reconnaissance: Using drones equipped with high-definition polarized lenses to take aerial photos, visually identify and locate nest clusters built by bluegill sunfish in shallow water areas, and record the GPS coordinates of all suspected nest clusters. S112. Precise mapping at fixed points: Using sonar detection equipment or underwater photography equipment, detect the underwater morphology, identify the characteristic bottom structure formed by dense nests, and generate a sonar mosaic map with geographic coordinates. S113. Supplementary Field Verification: Organize personnel to conduct on-site patrols by boat to verify the detection results of S111 and S112, and conduct supplementary surveys of areas inaccessible by boat. On clear, windless mornings and afternoons, commercial-grade quadcopter drones equipped with high-resolution cameras and manually adjustable CPL filters are used to fly along the entire shoreline of the reservoir at a height of 30 to 50 meters, following a pre-set grid-like flight path. The focus is on shallow water and gently sloping harbor areas. The operator visually searches for light-colored circular depressions on the bottom of the water, which are the nests of sunfish, through real-time image transmission. The GPS coordinates of all suspected nest clusters are recorded to provide target guidance for subsequent exploration. Using shipborne or towed high-frequency side-scan sonar systems, systematic round-trip parallel flight path scans are conducted within the coordinate area defined by the UAV and all historically known shallow water areas (water depth less than 3 meters) to generate sonar mosaic maps with geographic coordinates, marking the precise boundaries, range and internal density of each spawning cluster. The team will use shallow-draft boats or kayaks to conduct patrols around the edges of major harbors and their smaller bays, using underwater observation goggles to make direct observations in clear water areas and using buoys for physical marking. Once the surface water temperature of the reservoir stabilizes and remains above 20°C, an investigation should be initiated immediately and completed before the peak breeding season (usually mid-to-late May) to ensure that the cleanup operation can be carried out accurately and promptly.

[0023] according to Figure 1 As shown, during the execution of steps S1 to S3, a water quality optimization plan is implemented simultaneously, including the following steps: S41. Adjusting the stocking structure and preparation: Stop the stocking of bighead carp and prepare to use all the stocking quota for filter-feeding fish specifically for the purchase and breeding of silver carp; S42. Reconstructing and strengthening fish communities: Replenishing the stock with large-sized silver carp fry with an average weight of over 150 grams, and gradually adjusting the biomass ratio of silver carp and bighead carp in the reservoir to the optimal algae control efficiency range, i.e., 4:1 to 5:1. S43. Monitoring water quality and ecological response: Establish a long-term and systematic dynamic monitoring plan for water ecology, monitor water quality indicators and phytoplankton communities, accurately track changes in the biomass ratio of silver carp and bighead carp through standardized sampling, regularly review monitoring data and management effectiveness, and optimize and adjust the specific implementation for the next cycle. Based on the annual statistics of Xianlin Reservoir, the current biomass ratio of silver carp to bighead carp is 1:6.7. The release of bighead carp will be stopped from the first year, while the release of silver carp will continue thereafter. The goal is to achieve a biomass ratio of silver carp to bighead carp of 1:1 by the end of the first year, 2.5:1 by the end of the second year, and 4:1 by the end of the third year. At the same time, the total biomass of filter-feeding fish will be gradually increased to reach 70% to 80% of the ecological carrying capacity. The release should be carried out in batches and at different locations to avoid stress caused by excessive local density. Water quality and plankton monitoring are conducted quarterly. Water quality indicators include transparency, chlorophyll a concentration, and summer pH value. The goal is to observe a continuous increase in transparency, a decrease in chlorophyll a peak, and a reduction in high pH events in summer. Phytoplankton communities are identified using microscopy, and it is monitored whether the dominant species have evolved from cyanobacteria (especially *Pterocytosporum*) to more easily filter-fed green algae or diatoms. Every autumn, fish community structure is monitored to track changes in the biomass ratio of silver carp and bighead carp, and whether the age structure of silver carp is improving from being dominated by 0+-1 year old individuals to a healthier structure with more older individuals. A comprehensive evaluation and program optimization are conducted every two years. Based on the evaluation results, the stocking quantity and size of silver carp for the next cycle are scientifically and meticulously optimized and adjusted.

[0024] according to Figure 1 As shown, a device for controlling the invasive species bluegill sunfish includes a workboat 1, a fishing mechanism 2, a connecting mechanism 3, and a destruction mechanism 4. The fishing mechanism 2 is located on at least one side of the front middle section of the workboat 1, the connecting mechanism 3 is located at the bottom of the middle and rear section of the workboat 1, the destruction mechanism 4 is located at the bottom of the connecting mechanism 3, and the workboat 1 is provided with a fishing sorting area 5.

[0025] according to Figure 3As shown, the fishing mechanism 2 includes a net fixing block 21, a net lifting rod 22, a net fixing frame 23, a fishing net 24, and a net rotating motor 25. The net fixing block 21 includes a fixed section 211 and a rotating section 212 connected in sequence. The fixed section 211 is fixedly mounted on the working vessel 1, and the rotating section 212 is located outside the fixed section 211 and rotatably connected to it. The net rotating motor 25 is fixedly mounted inside the fixed section 211, and its output end is connected to the rotating section 212. The net lifting rod 22 is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the rotating section 212. The net fixing frame 23 is fixedly mounted at the opening of the fishing net 24, and its inner side is located at the bottom of the net lifting rod 22. The net fixing frame 23 ensures that the opening of the fishing net 24 maintains a stable shape during operation.

[0026] according to Figure 1 As shown, the fishing and sorting area 5 includes a primary sorting pool 51, a bluegill sunfish sorting pool 52, a non-target fish sorting pool 53, and a live fish storage tank 54. The primary sorting pool 51 is located next to the fishing mechanism 2. The bluegill sunfish sorting pool 52 and the non-target fish sorting pool 53 are arranged in parallel downstream of the primary sorting pool 51. The live fish storage tank 54 is located downstream of the non-target fish sorting pool 53. The live fish storage tank 54 is equipped with an oxygenation and circulating water system to provide a suitable temporary storage environment for native fish, reduce stress trauma to fish, and maximize the survival rate of accidentally caught native fish.

[0027] according to Figure 4 As shown, the connecting mechanism 3 includes a base 31, a worm gear 32, a worm gear support 33, a pitch motor 34, a turbine 35, a turbine mounting base 36, and a connecting platform 37. The base 31 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the workboat 1. The worm gear support 33 and the pitch motor 34 are both fixedly installed at the bottom of the base 31. The worm gear 32 is rotatably installed between the two worm gear support 33s. One end of the worm gear 32 is connected to the output shaft of the pitch motor 34, and the other end is rotatably connected to the worm gear support 33. The turbine mounting base 36 is located below the worm gear support 33 and includes an active mounting arm 361, a driven mounting arm 362, a mounting frame 363, and a mounting block 364. The active mounting arm 361 and the driven mounting arm... The worm gear 362 is rotatably mounted on the outside of the two worm support seats 33. The mounting frame 363 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the active mounting arm 361 and the driven mounting arm 362. The mounting block 364 is fixedly mounted on both sides of the mounting frame 363. The turbine 35 is rotatably mounted in the two mounting blocks 364. The turbine 35 and the worm gear 32 mesh with each other. The connecting platform 37 is located below the turbine mounting seat 36. The top of the connecting platform 37 is fixedly mounted with an upwardly extending connecting rod 371. The connecting rod 371 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the turbine 35. The bottom of the connecting platform 37 is fixedly connected to the top of the breaking mechanism 4. The starting, stopping and speed of the pitch rotation motor 34 are adjusted to adjust the pitch angle of the breaking mechanism 4 according to the bottom depth.

[0028] according to Figure 4 As shown, the connecting mechanism 3 also includes a left-right swing motor 38, which is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the base 31. The active mounting arm 361 is connected to the output end of the left-right swing motor 38. The driven mounting arm 362 is located at the output end of the pitch rotation motor 34 and does not contact the output end of the pitch rotation motor 34. The control system of the pitch rotation motor 34 and the left-right swing motor 38 is located on the ship. By flexibly adjusting the start, stop and speed of the two motors, the destruction mechanism 4 can be adapted to various terrains. During the destruction operation, the left-right swing motor 38 is controlled to move periodically, so that the destruction mechanism 4 sweeps left and right as it moves forward with the work vessel 1.

[0029] according to Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, the destruction mechanism 4 includes a working arm 41 and a bottom rake 42. The bottom rake 42 includes a rake head 43 and rake teeth 44. The top of the working arm 41 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the connecting platform 37, the rake head 43 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the working arm 41, and the rake teeth 44 are fixedly mounted on the rake head 43. When destruction operations are required, the working arm 41 and the bottom rake 42 are installed. The working arm 41 of different lengths can be replaced according to the depth of the bottom water.

[0030] according to Figure 5 As shown, the rake teeth 44 include pre-damage teeth 45 and main damage teeth 46 arranged in an array. The pre-damage teeth 45 and main damage teeth 46 are arranged in two rows. The pre-damage teeth 45 include a straight rod 451 and a hook 452. The hook 452 is located at the bottom of the straight rod 451. The main damage teeth 46 include a main body 461 and multiple tooth blades 462 extending radially from the main body 461. The pre-damage teeth 45 can not only pre-treat the bottom of the water, but also protect the main damage teeth 46 that follow, extending the life of the core working component. The tooth blades 462 not only improve the destruction effect on the nest structure, but also cut the tangled aquatic plants, reducing the risk of the destruction mechanism 4 sinking to the bottom of the water due to being tangled in aquatic plants, and improving the stability of the working component.

[0031] The following is a partial list of statistical data for Xianlin Reservoir in 2024: Current silver carp biomass: 12.42 t / km²; Current silver carp biomass: 1.86 t / km²; The current biomass ratio of silver carp to bighead carp is approximately 1:6.7. Current total biomass of filter-feeding fish: 14.28 t / km²; Based on the optimal silver carp to bighead carp ratio of 4:1, the maximum carrying capacity of filter-feeding fish biomass in Xianlin Reservoir is calculated to be 59.05 t / km². To ensure the stability of the ecosystem and avoid the risks of overstocking, the management target should be set to gradually reach and maintain 70% to 80% of the maximum carrying capacity, i.e., a total biomass of approximately 41 t / km² to 47 t / km².

[0032] The phased fish community reconstruction and release plan for Xianlin Reservoir is shown in the table below:

[0033] Working principle: According to Figures 1-5 As shown, in the first year, from late April to early May, when the surface water temperature of the reservoir stabilizes and remains above 20°C, a location survey of bluegill sunfish spawning colonies is initiated, and an annual GIS map of bluegill sunfish spawning cluster hotspots is created. From May to July, based on the hotspot map, fishing operations are carried out on the located spawning colonies to ensure that all adult bluegill sunfish (especially nest-guarding males and spawning females) in the area are captured. After the fishing operation, the nest structure is destroyed until it completely disappears. After the destruction operation, underwater observation goggles or underwater cameras are used for inspection to confirm the presence of the nests. Nesting structures within the target area have been completely destroyed, rendering them incapable of hatching. Throughout the year, large-mesh traps and gillnets are deployed in deep-water areas, rocky areas, or areas with underwater obstacles where bluegill sunfish inhabit, and the catch is regularly inspected and cleared to prevent harm to native fish species. In the autumn of the second year, after the bluegill sunfish population density has significantly decreased, the first batch of native carnivorous mandarin fish is released to control the bluegill sunfish population through their predatory activities. From the third year onwards, the intensity of physical removal is gradually reduced, and fish resource monitoring is conducted every spring and autumn. Emergency removal plans are prepared to be activated at any time based on the monitoring results.

[0034] according to Figures 1-5As shown, after locating and surrounding the bluegill sunfish spawning group, a fishing mechanism 2 is installed on the side of the work vessel 1. The net lifting rod 22 is adjusted to lower the fishing net 24 into the water, and the depth is adjusted according to the location of the target fish group. The fishing net 24 catches fish as the work vessel 1 moves. Because the fishing mechanism 2 easily disturbs the fish, the angle of the fishing net 24 relative to the direction of travel is adjusted via the rotating section 212 during the catching operation to reduce fish escape. After catching, the net lifting rod 22 is adjusted to raise the fishing net 24 to the water surface, and the rotating section 212 is then adjusted to rotate the opening of the fishing net 24 parallel to the water surface. The operator unloads the catch from the fishing net 24 into the primary sorting tank 51, and then dismantles the fishing mechanism 2. The operator visually sorts the fish in the primary sorting tank 51. Bluegill sunfish are placed into the bluegill sunfish sorting tank 52, and native fish are placed into the non-target fish species sorting tank 53 for secondary confirmation. The native fish in the non-target fish species sorting tank 53 are transferred to the live fish storage tank 54 in batches. After the fishing operation in one area is completed, the fish are released. After the adult bluegill sunfish in the enclosure area are cleared, the destruction mechanism 4 is installed at the bottom of the connecting mechanism 3. The pitch angle of the working arm 41 is adjusted according to the bottom depth and topography so that the bottom rake 42 contacts the bottom. When the working boat 1 moves forward, the left and right swing angle of the working arm 41 is adjusted so that the bottom rake 42 sweeps the bottom in a Z-shape. The pre-destruction teeth 45 on the bottom rake 42 first contact the bottom for pre-treatment. Multiple tooth blades 462 work together with the Z-shaped sweeping path of the bottom rake 42 to efficiently destroy the nest structure on the bottom.

[0035] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the invasive species bluegill sunfish, comprising the following steps: S1. Population decline and reproduction interruption: S11. Spawning Cluster Location and Mapping: Detect and survey the location, boundaries, range, and internal density of bluegill sunfish spawning nest clusters, and create an annual GIS map of bluegill sunfish spawning cluster hotspots. S12. Complete removal of spawning clusters: According to the map, surround the spawning cluster area and use the fishing mechanism (2) on the invasive species bluegill sunfish control vessel (1) to catch and remove adult bluegill sunfish in the enclosure area. After the removal is completed, use the destruction mechanism (4) on the vessel (1) to destroy the nests to prevent subsequent fish from using them. S13. Regular and continuous suppression during non-breeding season: Regularly deploy nets during non-breeding season, inspect and clean the nets regularly, and record the catch to prevent continuous harm to local fish species; S2. Establish a long-term biological control mechanism: Based on the carrying capacity of the ecosystem, release carnivorous mandarin fish, and release large-sized fish species with a body length greater than 15cm. S3. Long-term monitoring and adaptive management: Conduct regular fish resource surveys to monitor the population status of bluegill sunfish, key native fish species, and mandarin fish. If the bluegill sunfish population shows a significant upward trend, initiate targeted elimination operations.

2. The method for controlling the invasive species bluegill sunfish according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S11 includes the following steps: S111, Wide-area rapid reconnaissance: Using drones equipped with high-definition polarized lenses to take aerial photos, visually identify and locate nest clusters built by bluegill sunfish in shallow water areas, and record the GPS coordinates of all suspected nest clusters. S112. Precise mapping at fixed points: Using sonar detection equipment or underwater photography equipment, detect the underwater morphology, identify the characteristic bottom structure formed by dense nests, and generate a sonar mosaic map with geographic coordinates. S113, Supplementary Field Verification: Organize personnel to conduct on-site inspections by boat to verify the detection results of S111 and S112, and conduct supplementary surveys of areas that cannot be accessed by boat.

3. The method for controlling the invasive species bluegill sunfish according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the execution of steps S1 to S3, a water quality optimization plan is implemented simultaneously, including the following steps: S41. Adjusting the stocking structure and preparation: Stop the stocking of bighead carp and prepare to use all the stocking quota for filter-feeding fish specifically for the purchase and breeding of silver carp; S42. Reconstructing and strengthening fish communities: Replenishing the stock with large-sized silver carp fry with an average weight of over 150 grams, and gradually adjusting the biomass ratio of silver carp and bighead carp in the reservoir to the optimal algae control efficiency range, i.e., 4:1 to 5:

1. S43. Monitoring Water Quality and Ecological Response: Establish a long-term, systematic dynamic monitoring plan for aquatic ecosystems, monitor water quality indicators and phytoplankton communities, accurately track changes in the biomass ratio of silver carp and bighead carp through standardized sampling, regularly review monitoring data and management effectiveness, and optimize and adjust the specific implementation for the next cycle.

4. A device for controlling the invasive species bluegill sunfish, comprising a workboat (1), a fishing mechanism (2), a connecting mechanism (3), and a destruction mechanism (4), wherein the fishing mechanism (2) is located on at least one side of the front middle section of the workboat (1), the connecting mechanism (3) is located at the bottom of the middle and rear section of the workboat (1), the destruction mechanism (4) is located at the bottom of the connecting mechanism (3), and a fishing sorting area (5) is provided on the workboat (1).

5. The device for controlling the invasive species bluegill sunfish according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fishing mechanism (2) includes a net fixing block (21), a net lifting rod (22), a net fixing frame (23), a fishing net (24), and a net rotating motor (25). The net fixing block (21) includes a fixed section (211) and a rotating section (212) connected in sequence. The fixed section (211) is fixed on the working boat (1). The rotating section (212) is located on the outside of the fixed section (211) and is rotatably connected to the fixed section (211). The net rotating motor (25) is fixed on the inside of the fixed section (211). The output end of the net rotating motor (25) is connected to the rotating section (212). The net lifting rod (22) is fixed at the bottom of the rotating section (212). The net fixing frame (23) is fixed at the opening of the fishing net (24). The inside of the net fixing frame (23) is located at the bottom of the net lifting rod (22).

6. The device for controlling the invasive species bluegill sunfish according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fishing and sorting area (5) includes a primary sorting pool (51), a bluegill sunfish sorting pool (52), a non-target fish sorting pool (53), and a live fish storage tank (54). The primary sorting pool (51) is located next to the fishing mechanism (2). The bluegill sunfish sorting pool (52) and the non-target fish sorting pool (53) are located in parallel downstream of the primary sorting pool (51). The live fish storage tank (54) is located downstream of the non-target fish sorting pool (53).

7. The device for controlling the invasive species bluegill sunfish according to claim 4, characterized in that, The connecting mechanism (3) includes a base (31), a worm (32), a worm support seat (33), a pitch motor (34), a turbine (35), a turbine mounting seat (36), and a connecting platform (37). The base (31) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the work vessel (1). The worm support seat (33) and the pitch motor (34) are both fixedly installed at the bottom of the base (31). The worm (32) is rotatably installed between the two worm support seats (33). One end of the worm is connected to the output shaft of the pitch motor (34), and the other end is rotatably connected to the worm support seat (33). The turbine mounting seat (36) is located below the worm support seat (33) and includes an active mounting arm (361), a driven mounting arm (362), a mounting frame (363), and a mounting block (364). The active mounting arm (361) and the driven mounting arm (362) are rotatably mounted on the outside of the two worm gear support seats (33). The mounting frame (363) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the active mounting arm (361) and the driven mounting arm (362). The mounting block (364) is fixedly mounted on both sides of the mounting frame (363). The turbine (35) is rotatably mounted in the two mounting blocks (364). The turbine (35) and the worm (32) mesh with each other. The connecting platform (37) is located below the turbine mounting seat (36). The top of the connecting platform (37) is fixedly provided with an upwardly extending connecting rod (371). The connecting rod (371) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the turbine (35). The bottom of the connecting platform (37) is fixedly connected to the top of the breaking mechanism (4).

8. The device for controlling the invasive species bluegill sunfish according to claim 7, characterized in that, The connecting mechanism (3) further includes a left-right swing motor (38), which is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the base (31). The active mounting arm (361) is connected to the output end of the left-right swing motor (38). The driven mounting arm (362) is located at the output end of the pitch rotation motor (34) and does not contact the output end of the pitch rotation motor (34).

9. A device for controlling the invasive species bluegill sunfish according to claim 8, characterized in that, The breaking mechanism (4) includes a working arm (41) and a bottom rake (42). The bottom rake (42) includes a rake head (43) and rake teeth (44). The top of the working arm (41) is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the connecting platform (37). The rake head (43) is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the working arm (41). The rake teeth (44) are fixedly disposed on the rake head (43).

10. A device for controlling the invasive species bluegill sunfish according to claim 9, characterized in that, The rake teeth (44) include pre-damage teeth (45) and main damage teeth (46) arranged in an array. The pre-damage teeth (45) and main damage teeth (46) are arranged in two rows. The pre-damage teeth (45) include a straight bar (451) and a hook (452). The hook (452) is located at the bottom of the straight bar (451). The main damage teeth (46) include a body (461) and a plurality of tooth blades (462) extending radially from the body (461).

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