Liaoning medicinal plant extract compound feed additive

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, and discloses a Liaoning medicinal plant extract compound feed additive, which is prepared by the following steps: uniformly mixing an acanthopanax senticosus extract, a schisandra chinensis extract, an astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide and ginsenoside to obtain a compound plant extract; stearic acid and soya bean lecithin are adopted to coat the composite plant extract to form lipid nanoparticles; and mixing the lipid nanoparticles with the composite carrier, and sieving to obtain the composite feed additive. The lipid nanoparticles are loaded on the composite carrier, so that the formed composite feed additive is not easily influenced by environmental factors such as light, heat and oxygen, has relatively high activity, improves the quality of feed and the appetite of bred livestock and poultry, is relatively high in bioavailability, and improves the meat growth speed of the bred livestock and poultry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed additive technology, specifically to a compound feed additive made from extracts of medicinal plants grown under forest cover in Liaodong. Background Technology

[0002] Feed additives refer to various trace substances added to the feed of livestock and poultry to improve the nutritional value of the feed, promote the growth and health of livestock and poultry, prevent diseases, promote the intestinal development of livestock and poultry, improve intestinal health, reduce the diarrhea rate, and improve the immunity, feed intake and feed digestibility of livestock and poultry.

[0003] The Liaodong region boasts abundant forest resources, with a variety of medicinal plants growing under the trees, such as Acanthopanax senticosus, Schisandra chinensis, Astragalus membranaceus, Platycodon grandiflorus, and Codonopsis pilosula. These plants are rich in polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, organic acids, volatile oils, and other bioactive components, possessing various physiological functions such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, immune regulation, and digestive promotion. When extracted and applied to compound feed additives for livestock and poultry, they can promote the growth performance, enhance immunity, and improve the quality of livestock and poultry.

[0004] The medicinal herbs grown under the forests of Liaodong form plant extracts, which, when used as compound feed additives, can improve the nutritional value of feed and promote the growth and health of livestock and poultry. However, plant extracts are easily affected by environmental factors such as light, heat, and oxygen, which can cause them to lose their activity, reduce the quality of feed, and affect the appetite of livestock and poultry. Furthermore, the bioavailability of compound feed additives is low, which can affect the feeding of livestock and poultry and lead to a slower growth rate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a compound feed additive made from medicinal plant extracts from forests in Liaodong, which solves the problem that compound feed additives made from plant extracts are easily affected by environmental factors such as light, heat, and oxygen, which can lead to loss of activity, reduced feed quality, and decreased appetite of livestock and poultry.

[0006] Technical solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A compound feed additive made from extracts of medicinal plants grown under forest cover in Liaodong includes the following steps: S1. Mix Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, Astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide, and ginsenosides evenly to obtain a compound plant extract; S2. Stearic acid and soybean lecithin are used to encapsulate the complex plant extracts to form lipid nanoparticles; S3. Mix the lipid nanoparticles with the composite carrier, sieve, and obtain the composite feed additive. The composite carrier is obtained by extruding and puffing sweet potato flour, and then mixing and reacting it with chitosan, sodium alginate and calcium chloride.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S1, the mass ratio of Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, Astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide, and ginsenoside is (2-2.5):(1-1.5):(1.5-2):(0.5-1.5):(0.8-1.2).

[0008] Furthermore, in step S2, the lipid nanoparticles are specifically prepared by the following steps: The compound plant extract, stearic acid, and soybean lecithin were added to ethanol and stirred to obtain the oil phase. Poloxamer 188 was added to deionized water and stirred to obtain the aqueous phase. The oil phase was added to the aqueous phase and stirred to form granules. The granules were collected by centrifugation, washed, and added to mannitol solution. After stirring evenly, the granules were filtered through a membrane and freeze-dried to obtain lipid nanoparticles.

[0009] Furthermore, in the above reaction process, stearic acid, soybean lecithin and compound plant extracts are mixed to form an oil phase, poloxamer 188 is dissolved in deionized water as the aqueous phase, the oil phase is added to the aqueous phase, the hydrophobic segments of poloxamer 188 extend into the oil phase, and the hydrophilic segments of poloxamer 188 extend into the aqueous phase, thereby forming lipid nanoparticles of stearic acid and soybean lecithin coated with compound plant extracts.

[0010] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the compound plant extract, stearic acid, soybean lecithin and ethanol is (1.5-2):(5-6):(1.6-2):(45-55).

[0011] Furthermore, the mass ratio of poloxamer 188 to deionized water is (1.2-1.5):(45-55).

[0012] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the oil phase to the water phase is 1:(1-1.2).

[0013] Furthermore, in step S3, the composite carrier is specifically prepared by the following steps: A1. Sweet potato flour is extruded and puffed to obtain puffed sweet potato flour; A2. Add Tween 60 and sorbitan monooleate to a petroleum ether solution and stir until homogeneous. Add chitosan acetate solution and stir to emulsify. Add sodium alginate aqueous solution and stir to emulsify. Add calcium chloride aqueous solution and stir to react. After stirring, perform low-temperature quenching. Remove the product and add sodium hydroxide, ethanol solution and puffed sweet potato flour. After the reaction is complete, remove the product, wash and dry it to obtain the composite carrier.

[0014] In the above reaction process, the sweet potato flour is extruded and puffed by a twin-screw extruder, forming bubbles that overflow from the sweet potato flour, thereby creating a porous structure on the sweet potato flour, resulting in puffed sweet potato flour. Emulsifier Tween 60, sorbitan monooleate, and petroleum ether form an oil phase, while chitosan acetate solution serves as the aqueous phase. The aqueous phase is encapsulated by the oil phase, forming a water-in-oil emulsion. The emulsifier forms a monolayer on the droplet surface, stabilizing the droplet morphology. Furthermore, the carboxyl groups in the sodium alginate aqueous solution can electrostatically attract and bind to the ammonium ions of chitosan, forming a composite layer on the droplet surface. Further, calcium ions in calcium chloride can undergo ionic cross-linking with the carboxyl groups of sodium alginate, generating a dense calcium alginate shell. Simultaneously, chitosan is encapsulated within, forming porous microspheres with a cross-linked shell and a composite interior. Moreover, during the reaction, the porous structure of the puffed sweet potato flour allows the reaction products to be adsorbed into the pores, enabling the synthesis of chitosan / calcium alginate composite microspheres within the pores of the puffed sweet potato flour, thus obtaining a composite carrier.

[0015] Furthermore, in step A1, the extrusion puffing is performed using a twin-screw extruder at a temperature of 100-110℃, a screw speed of 150-200 r / min, a deionized water flow rate of 500-520 g / h, and a feed rate of 600-620 g / h.

[0016] Further, in step A2, the mass ratio of Tween 60, sorbitan monooleate, petroleum ether solution, chitosan acetate solution, sodium alginate aqueous solution, calcium chloride aqueous solution, sodium hydroxide, ethanol solution, and puffed sweet potato flour is (0.1-0.3):(1.5-2):(55-65):(1-1.2):(1.3-1.5):(1.6-2):(1-2):(20-30):(4-5).

[0017] Furthermore, in step S3, the mesh size of the sieve is 200-300 mesh.

[0018] Further, in step S3, the mass ratio of the lipid nanoparticles to the composite carrier is (0.1-0.3):1.

[0019] Beneficial technical effects (1) In the technical solution of the present invention, the compound plant extract includes ginseng polysaccharide, ginsenoside, Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, and Astragalus membranaceus extract. As a compound feed additive, it can inhibit harmful bacteria in the intestines of livestock and poultry, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, enhance immunity, improve the quality of livestock and poultry, increase feed conversion rate, and enhance the immunity of livestock and poultry. It is a non-toxic, non-drug-resistant, and residue-free green and safe livestock and poultry feed additive. Among them, ginseng polysaccharide and ginsenoside: enhance the immunity of livestock and poultry, resist stress, improve meat quality, reduce diarrhea rate, and increase yield; Acanthopanax senticosus extract: has the effects of anti-stress, antibacterial, and regulating intestinal flora; when used in broilers and fattening pigs, it can increase daily weight gain and reduce feed conversion ratio; Schisandra chinensis extract: has the effects of anti-oxidation, liver protection, and immune enhancement, and can alleviate liver damage caused by mycotoxins in livestock and poultry; Astragalus membranaceus extract: is rich in Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide and Astragaloside A, has a significant immune-enhancing effect, can improve the non-specific immunity of livestock and poultry, and enhance the disease resistance of livestock and poultry.

[0020] (2) In the technical solution of this invention, the compound plant extract, stearic acid, and soybean lecithin are mixed to form an oil phase, and poloxamer 188 is used as an aqueous phase to form lipid nanoparticles coated with stearic acid and soybean lecithin on the compound plant extract. On the one hand, the functional groups of stearic acid, soybean lecithin, and compound plant extract interact through hydrogen bonds to form stable lipid nanoparticles, which improves the stability of the compound plant extract and avoids the compound plant extract from easily reacting with oxygen or moisture in the environment, losing its activity, reducing the quality of feed, and affecting the appetite of livestock and poultry. On the other hand, the formed lipid nanoparticles can penetrate into the bodies of livestock and poultry along with the compound feed additives, promote intestinal absorption, make full use of the compound feed additives, and improve the feed conversion ratio of livestock and poultry. In addition, the lipid nanoparticles can isolate the compound plant extracts from adverse environments such as light, oxygen, heat, and humidity, thereby improving the stability of the compound feed additives.

[0021] (3) In the technical solution of this invention, chitosan / calcium alginate composite microspheres are synthesized in the pores of puffed sweet potato flour. On the one hand, the synthesized chitosan / calcium alginate composite microspheres serve as a supporting framework for puffed sweet potato flour, improving the overall hardness and wear resistance of the carrier, and preventing the collapse of the pores of puffed sweet potato flour caused by external forces during processing and transportation of the composite feed additive, which would lead to leakage of the composite plant extract and affect the stability of the composite feed additive. Moreover, the composite plant extract is protected by both lipid nanoparticles and puffed sweet potato flour, further improving the stability of the composite plant extract and thus improving the utilization efficiency of the composite feed additive. On the other hand, the porous structure of the synthesized chitosan / calcium alginate composite microspheres can also adsorb lipid nanoparticles, achieving slow release and improving bioavailability. Furthermore, the calcium alginate shell protects the active ingredients, resisting the high temperature and acid-base environment during feed processing and reducing oxidative degradation during storage. In addition, chitosan and sodium alginate can be degraded by intestinal microorganisms of livestock and poultry without residue, meeting the requirements of green farming.

[0022] (4) In the technical solution of the present invention, lipid nanoparticles are loaded onto a composite carrier, and the resulting composite feed additive is not easily affected by environmental factors such as light, heat, and oxygen. It has high activity, improves the quality of feed and the appetite of livestock and poultry, and the bioavailability of the composite feed additive is high, which improves the growth rate of livestock and poultry. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] The raw materials used in the embodiments of this invention are shown below, and all reagents used are analytical grade.

[0025] The Acanthopanax senticosus extract, catalog number XZ-NXYL-11-1, was purchased from Shaanxi Xiazhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0026] Schisandra chinensis extract (product number NAT-103) and Astragalus membranaceus extract (product number NAT-018) were purchased from Liuyang Langlin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0027] The ginseng polysaccharide is from Waterles Biotechnology (Lanzhou), purchased from Waterles Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0028] The ginsenoside, product number G793143, was purchased from Shanghai Maclean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0029] The chitosan had a degree of deacetylation of 80% and was purchased from Maclean Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.

[0030] Tween 60, sorbitan monooleate, and sodium alginate were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.

[0031] Example 1 A compound feed additive made from extracts of medicinal plants grown under forest cover in Liaodong, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: S1. Mix Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, Astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide, and ginsenosides evenly to obtain a compound plant extract; wherein the mass ratio of Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, Astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide, and ginsenosides is 2:1:1.5:1.5:0.8. S2. Stearic acid and soybean lecithin are used to encapsulate the complex plant extracts to form lipid nanoparticles; The lipid nanoparticles are specifically prepared by the following steps: The compound plant extract, stearic acid, and soybean lecithin were added to ethanol and stirred at 60°C for 25 min to obtain the oil phase. Poloxamer 188 was added to deionized water and stirred at 60°C for 25 min to obtain the aqueous phase. The oil phase was added to the aqueous phase and stirred at 60°C and 2000 r / min for 15 min. The mixture was then stirred at 2°C for 4 h to form granules. The granules were collected by centrifugation at 17000 r / min, washed twice with deionized water, added to 50 mL of 5% mannitol solution, stirred evenly, filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane, and freeze-dried at -20°C for 12 h to obtain lipid nanoparticles. The mass ratio of compound plant extracts, stearic acid, soybean lecithin, and ethanol is 1.5:5:1.6:45. The mass ratio of poloxamer 188 to deionized water is 1.2:45; The mass ratio of oil phase to water phase is 1:1; S3. Mix the lipid nanoparticles with the composite carrier and sieve to obtain a composite feed additive; the sieve mesh size is 200 mesh; the mass ratio of lipid nanoparticles to composite carrier is 0.1:1.

[0032] The composite carrier is specifically prepared by the following steps: A1. Sweet potato flour is extruded and puffed to obtain puffed sweet potato flour; The extrusion puffing process uses a twin-screw extruder with a temperature of 100℃, a screw speed of 150r / min, a deionized water flow rate of 500g / h, and a feed rate of 600g / h. A2. Tween 60 and sorbitan monooleate were added to a petroleum ether solution and stirred until homogeneous. Then, a 1% (w / w) chitosan acetate solution was added and stirred for 1 hour to emulsify. Next, a 1% (w / w) sodium alginate aqueous solution was added and stirred for 1 hour to emulsify. Finally, a 2% (w / w) calcium chloride aqueous solution was added and stirred for 1 hour to react. The mixture was then quenched at -20°C for 2.5 hours. After removal, sodium hydroxide, a 90% (w / w) ethanol solution, and puffed sweet potato starch were added. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was removed, washed three times with deionized water, and three times with ethanol. Finally, it was dried in a 60°C oven for 10 minutes to obtain the composite carrier. The mass ratio of Tween 60, sorbitan monooleate, petroleum ether solution, chitosan acetate solution, sodium alginate aqueous solution, calcium chloride aqueous solution, sodium hydroxide, ethanol solution, and puffed sweet potato flour is 0.1:1.5:55:1:1.3:1.6:1:20:4.

[0033] Example 2 A compound feed additive made from extracts of medicinal plants grown under forest cover in Liaodong, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: S1. Mix Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, Astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide, and ginsenosides evenly to obtain a compound plant extract; wherein the mass ratio of Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, Astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide, and ginsenosides is 2.3:1.3:1.8:1:1. S2. Stearic acid and soybean lecithin are used to encapsulate the complex plant extracts to form lipid nanoparticles; The lipid nanoparticles are specifically prepared by the following steps: The compound plant extract, stearic acid, and soybean lecithin were added to ethanol and stirred at 60°C for 25 min to obtain the oil phase. Poloxamer 188 was added to deionized water and stirred at 60°C for 25 min to obtain the aqueous phase. The oil phase was added to the aqueous phase and stirred at 60°C and 2000 r / min for 15 min. The mixture was then stirred at 2°C for 4 h to form granules. The granules were collected by centrifugation at 17000 r / min, washed twice with deionized water, added to 50 mL of 5% mannitol solution, stirred evenly, filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane, and freeze-dried at -20°C for 12 h to obtain lipid nanoparticles. The mass ratio of compound plant extracts, stearic acid, soybean lecithin, and ethanol is 1.8:5.5:1.8:50. The mass ratio of poloxamer 188 to deionized water is 1.3:50; The mass ratio of oil phase to water phase is 1:1.1; S3. Mix the lipid nanoparticles with the composite carrier and sieve to obtain a composite feed additive; the sieve mesh size is 250 mesh; the mass ratio of lipid nanoparticles to composite carrier is 0.2:1.

[0034] The composite carrier is specifically prepared by the following steps: A1. Sweet potato flour is extruded and puffed to obtain puffed sweet potato flour; The extrusion puffing process uses a twin-screw extruder with a temperature of 105℃, a screw speed of 180r / min, a deionized water flow rate of 510g / h, and a feed rate of 610g / h. A2. Tween 60 and sorbitan monooleate were added to a petroleum ether solution and stirred until homogeneous. Then, a 1% (w / w) chitosan acetate solution was added and stirred for 1 hour to emulsify. Next, a 1% (w / w) sodium alginate aqueous solution was added and stirred for 1 hour to emulsify. Finally, a 2% (w / w) calcium chloride aqueous solution was added and stirred for 1 hour to react. The mixture was then quenched at -20°C for 2.5 hours. After removal, sodium hydroxide, a 90% (w / w) ethanol solution, and puffed sweet potato starch were added. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was removed, washed three times with deionized water, and three times with ethanol. Finally, it was dried in a 60°C oven for 10 minutes to obtain the composite carrier. The mass ratio of Tween 60, sorbitan monooleate, petroleum ether solution, chitosan acetate solution, sodium alginate aqueous solution, calcium chloride aqueous solution, sodium hydroxide, ethanol solution, and puffed sweet potato flour is 0.2:1.8:60:1.1:1.4:1.8:1.5:25:4.5.

[0035] Example 3 A compound feed additive made from extracts of medicinal plants grown under forest cover in Liaodong, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: S1. Mix Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, Astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide, and ginsenosides evenly to obtain a compound plant extract; wherein the mass ratio of Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, Astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide, and ginsenosides is 2.5:1.5:2:1.5:1.2. S2. Stearic acid and soybean lecithin are used to encapsulate the complex plant extracts to form lipid nanoparticles; The lipid nanoparticles are specifically prepared by the following steps: The compound plant extract, stearic acid, and soybean lecithin were added to ethanol and stirred at 60°C for 25 min to obtain the oil phase. Poloxamer 188 was added to deionized water and stirred at 60°C for 25 min to obtain the aqueous phase. The oil phase was added to the aqueous phase and stirred at 60°C and 2000 r / min for 15 min. The mixture was then stirred at 2°C for 4 h to form granules. The granules were collected by centrifugation at 17000 r / min, washed twice with deionized water, added to 50 mL of 5% mannitol solution, stirred evenly, filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane, and freeze-dried at -20°C for 12 h to obtain lipid nanoparticles. The mass ratio of compound plant extracts, stearic acid, soybean lecithin and ethanol is 2:6:2:55; The mass ratio of poloxamer 188 to deionized water is 1.5:55; The mass ratio of oil phase to water phase is 1:1.2; S3. Mix the lipid nanoparticles with the composite carrier and sieve to obtain a composite feed additive; the sieve mesh size is 300 mesh; the mass ratio of lipid nanoparticles to composite carrier is 0.3:1.

[0036] The composite carrier is specifically prepared by the following steps: A1. Sweet potato flour is extruded and puffed to obtain puffed sweet potato flour; The extrusion puffing process uses a twin-screw extruder with a temperature of 110℃, a screw speed of 200r / min, a deionized water flow rate of 520g / h, and a feed rate of 620g / h. A2. Tween 60 and sorbitan monooleate were added to a petroleum ether solution and stirred until homogeneous. Then, a 1% (w / w) chitosan acetate solution was added and stirred for 1 hour to emulsify. Next, a 1% (w / w) sodium alginate aqueous solution was added and stirred for 1 hour to emulsify. Finally, a 2% (w / w) calcium chloride aqueous solution was added and stirred for 1 hour to react. The mixture was then quenched at -20°C for 2.5 hours. After removal, sodium hydroxide, a 90% (w / w) ethanol solution, and puffed sweet potato starch were added. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was removed, washed three times with deionized water, and three times with ethanol. Finally, it was dried in a 60°C oven for 10 minutes to obtain the composite carrier. The mass ratio of Tween 60, sorbitan monooleate, petroleum ether solution, chitosan acetate solution, sodium alginate aqueous solution, calcium chloride aqueous solution, sodium hydroxide, ethanol solution, and puffed sweet potato flour is 0.3:2:65:1.2:1.5:2:2:30:5.

[0037] Comparative Example 1 A compound feed additive made from extracts of medicinal plants grown under forest cover in Liaodong, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: S1. Mix Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, Astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide, and ginsenosides evenly to obtain a compound plant extract; wherein the mass ratio of Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, Astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide, and ginsenosides is 2.5:1.5:2:1.5:1.2. S2. Mix the compound plant extract with the compound carrier, sieve, and obtain the compound feed additive; the sieve mesh size is 300 mesh; the mass ratio of lipid nanoparticles to compound carrier is 0.3:1.

[0038] The composite carrier is specifically prepared by the following steps: A1. Sweet potato flour is extruded and puffed to obtain puffed sweet potato flour; The extrusion puffing process uses a twin-screw extruder with a temperature of 110℃, a screw speed of 200r / min, a deionized water flow rate of 520g / h, and a feed rate of 620g / h. A2. Tween 60 and sorbitan monooleate were added to a petroleum ether solution and stirred until homogeneous. Then, a 1% (w / w) chitosan acetate solution was added and stirred for 1 hour to emulsify. Next, a 1% (w / w) sodium alginate aqueous solution was added and stirred for 1 hour to emulsify. Finally, a 2% (w / w) calcium chloride aqueous solution was added and stirred for 1 hour to react. The mixture was then quenched at -20°C for 2.5 hours. After removal, sodium hydroxide, a 90% (w / w) ethanol solution, and puffed sweet potato starch were added. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was removed, washed three times with deionized water, and three times with ethanol. Finally, it was dried in a 60°C oven for 10 minutes to obtain the composite carrier. The mass ratio of Tween 60, sorbitan monooleate, petroleum ether solution, chitosan acetate solution, sodium alginate aqueous solution, calcium chloride aqueous solution, sodium hydroxide, ethanol solution, and puffed sweet potato flour is 0.3:2:65:1.2:1.5:2:2:30:5.

[0039] Comparative Example 2 A compound feed additive made from extracts of medicinal plants grown under forest cover in Liaodong, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: S1. Mix Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, Astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide, and ginsenosides evenly to obtain a compound plant extract; wherein the mass ratio of Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, Astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide, and ginsenosides is 2.5:1.5:2:1.5:1.2. S2. Stearic acid and soybean lecithin are used to encapsulate the complex plant extracts to form lipid nanoparticles; The lipid nanoparticles are specifically prepared by the following steps: The compound plant extract, stearic acid, and soybean lecithin were added to ethanol and stirred at 60°C for 25 min to obtain the oil phase. Poloxamer 188 was added to deionized water and stirred at 60°C for 25 min to obtain the aqueous phase. The oil phase was added to the aqueous phase and stirred at 60°C and 2000 r / min for 15 min. The mixture was then stirred at 2°C for 4 h to form granules. The granules were collected by centrifugation at 17000 r / min, washed twice with deionized water, added to 50 mL of 5% mannitol solution, stirred evenly, filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane, and freeze-dried at -20°C for 12 h to obtain lipid nanoparticles. The mass ratio of compound plant extracts, stearic acid, soybean lecithin and ethanol is 2:6:2:55; The mass ratio of poloxamer 188 to deionized water is 1.5:55; The mass ratio of oil phase to water phase is 1:1.2; S3. Mix the lipid nanoparticles with the composite carrier and sieve to obtain a composite feed additive; the sieve mesh size is 300 mesh; the mass ratio of lipid nanoparticles to composite carrier is 0.3:1.

[0040] The composite carrier is specifically prepared by the following steps: Tween 60 and sorbitan monooleate were added to a petroleum ether solution and stirred until homogeneous. Then, a 1% (w / w) chitosan acetate solution was added and stirred for 1 hour to emulsify. Next, a 1% (w / w) sodium alginate aqueous solution was added and stirred for 1 hour to emulsify. Finally, a 2% (w / w) calcium chloride aqueous solution was added and stirred for 1 hour to react. The mixture was then quenched at -20°C for 2.5 hours. After removal, sodium hydroxide, a 90% (w / w) ethanol solution, and sweet potato starch were added. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was removed, washed three times with deionized water, and three times with ethanol. Finally, it was dried in a 60°C oven for 10 minutes to obtain the composite carrier. The mass ratio of Tween 60, sorbitan monooleate, petroleum ether solution, chitosan acetate solution, sodium alginate aqueous solution, calcium chloride aqueous solution, sodium hydroxide, ethanol solution, and sweet potato starch is 0.3:2:65:1.2:1.5:2:2:30:5.

[0041] Comparative Example 3 A compound feed additive made from extracts of medicinal plants grown under forest cover in Liaodong, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: S1. Mix Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, Astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide, and ginsenosides evenly to obtain a compound plant extract; wherein the mass ratio of Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, Astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide, and ginsenosides is 2.5:1.5:2:1.5:1.2. S2. Stearic acid and soybean lecithin are used to encapsulate the complex plant extracts to form lipid nanoparticles; The lipid nanoparticles are specifically prepared by the following steps: The compound plant extract, stearic acid, and soybean lecithin were added to ethanol and stirred at 60°C for 25 min to obtain the oil phase. Poloxamer 188 was added to deionized water and stirred at 60°C for 25 min to obtain the aqueous phase. The oil phase was added to the aqueous phase and stirred at 60°C and 2000 r / min for 15 min. The mixture was then stirred at 2°C for 4 h to form granules. The granules were collected by centrifugation at 17000 r / min, washed twice with deionized water, added to 50 mL of 5% mannitol solution, stirred evenly, filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane, and freeze-dried at -20°C for 12 h to obtain lipid nanoparticles. The mass ratio of compound plant extracts, stearic acid, soybean lecithin and ethanol is 2:6:2:55; The mass ratio of poloxamer 188 to deionized water is 1.5:55; The mass ratio of oil phase to water phase is 1:1.2; S3. Mix lipid nanoparticles with puffed sweet potato flour, sieve, and obtain a compound feed additive; the sieve mesh size is 300 mesh; the mass ratio of lipid nanoparticles to puffed sweet potato flour is 0.3:1.

[0042] The puffed sweet potato flour is specifically prepared through the following steps: Sweet potato flour is extruded and puffed to obtain puffed sweet potato flour; The extrusion puffing process uses a twin-screw extruder with a temperature of 110℃, a screw speed of 200r / min, a deionized water flow rate of 520g / h, and a feed rate of 620g / h. Comparative Example 4 A compound feed additive made from extracts of medicinal plants grown under forest cover in Liaodong, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: S1. Mix Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, Astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide, and ginsenosides evenly to obtain a compound plant extract; wherein the mass ratio of Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, Astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide, and ginsenosides is 2.5:1.5:2:1.5:1.2. S2. Stearic acid and soybean lecithin are used to encapsulate the complex plant extracts to form lipid nanoparticles; The lipid nanoparticles are specifically prepared by the following steps: The compound plant extract, stearic acid, and soybean lecithin were added to ethanol and stirred at 60°C for 25 min to obtain the oil phase. Poloxamer 188 was added to deionized water and stirred at 60°C for 25 min to obtain the aqueous phase. The oil phase was added to the aqueous phase and stirred at 60°C and 2000 r / min for 15 min. The mixture was then stirred at 2°C for 4 h to form granules. The granules were collected by centrifugation at 17000 r / min, washed twice with deionized water, added to 50 mL of 5% mannitol solution, stirred evenly, filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane, and freeze-dried at -20°C for 12 h to obtain lipid nanoparticles. The mass ratio of compound plant extracts, stearic acid, soybean lecithin and ethanol is 2:6:2:55; The mass ratio of poloxamer 188 to deionized water is 1.5:55; The mass ratio of oil phase to water phase is 1:1.2; S3. Mix the lipid nanoparticles with the composite carrier and sieve to obtain a composite feed additive; the sieve mesh size is 300 mesh; the mass ratio of lipid nanoparticles to composite carrier is 0.3:1.

[0043] The composite carrier is specifically prepared by the following steps: A1. Sweet potato flour is extruded and puffed to obtain puffed sweet potato flour; The extrusion puffing process uses a twin-screw extruder with a temperature of 110℃, a screw speed of 200r / min, a deionized water flow rate of 520g / h, and a feed rate of 620g / h. A2. Tween 60 and sorbitan monooleate were added to a petroleum ether solution and stirred until homogeneous. A 1% (w / w) chitosan acetate solution was added and stirred to emulsify for 1 hour. A 2% (w / w) calcium chloride aqueous solution was added and stirred to react for 1 hour. The mixture was then quenched at -20°C for 2.5 hours. After removal, sodium hydroxide, a 90% (w / w) ethanol solution, and puffed sweet potato starch were added. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was removed, washed three times with deionized water and three times with ethanol, and dried in a 60°C oven for 10 minutes to obtain the composite carrier. The mass ratio of Tween 60, sorbitan monooleate, petroleum ether solution, chitosan acetate solution, calcium chloride aqueous solution, sodium hydroxide, ethanol solution, and puffed sweet potato flour is 0.3:2:65:2.7:2:2:30:5.

[0044] The compound feed additives prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 are now being tested.

[0045] Mix 2% of the prepared compound feed additive with 98% of the staple food and stir to obtain feed containing the compound feed additive.

[0046] Forty Northeast Spotted Pigs (half male and half female) with an average weight of 28 kg were selected and randomly divided into four groups, including one blank control group and three experimental groups. The pigs fed to the blank control group did not have the compound feed additive prepared above added, while the pigs fed to the other three experimental groups had the compound feed additive prepared above added. Specific methods: Northeast Spotted Pigs were allowed free access to feed and water. They were immunized and dewormed according to routine procedures. During the experimental period, the pigs' diarrhea, influenza, and mental state were observed and recorded daily. The experimental period lasted for 3 months. The weight of the pigs at 1, 2, and 3 months of raising was recorded and the average was taken.

[0047] Daily feed intake: Record the amount of feed and leftover feed for each pen of experimental pigs, and calculate the average daily feed intake per pig per week and the average daily feed intake for the whole period; Daily weight gain: Weigh the experimental pigs at 7:30 am on an empty stomach at the beginning and end of each week, and calculate the average daily weight gain per pig per week and the average daily weight gain for the whole period; Feed conversion ratio = feed intake / weight gain × 100%.

[0048] The control group had a daily feed intake of 1.43 kg / day, a daily weight gain of 0.3 kg / day, a feed conversion ratio of 4.76, and body weights of 35 kg, 42 kg, and 72 kg after 1, 2, and 3 months of rearing, respectively.

[0049] The results are shown in Table 1.

[0050] Table 1 Performance testing of the compound feed additives prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0051] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the compound feed additives prepared in Examples 1-3 have high activity and can improve the quality of feed and the appetite of livestock and poultry.

[0052] Comparative Example 1 showed that replacing lipid nanoparticles with a compound feed additive prepared from compound plant extracts resulted in a decline in the growth performance of livestock and poultry. This demonstrates that forming lipid nanoparticles coated with stearic acid and soybean lecithin to encapsulate the compound plant extracts improves the stability of the compound plant extracts, preventing them from easily reacting with oxygen or moisture in the environment, losing their activity, reducing feed quality, and affecting the appetite of livestock and poultry. Furthermore, the formed lipid nanoparticles can penetrate into the livestock and poultry body along with the compound feed additives, promoting intestinal absorption and allowing the compound feed additives to be fully utilized, thereby increasing the feed conversion ratio of livestock and poultry. In addition, lipid nanoparticles can isolate the compound plant extracts from adverse environments such as light, oxygen, heat, and humidity, improving the stability of the compound feed additives.

[0053] Comparative Example 2 showed that replacing puffed sweet potato flour with sweet potato flour to prepare a compound feed additive resulted in a decline in the growth performance of livestock and poultry. This demonstrates that puffed sweet potato flour, as a carrier of additive raw materials, can slowly release the additive raw materials, improve the bioavailability of the additive raw materials, and load lipid nanoparticles onto the composite carrier. The resulting compound feed additive is not easily affected by environmental factors such as light, heat, and oxygen, has high activity, and improves the quality of feed and the appetite of livestock and poultry.

[0054] Comparative Example 3 showed that replacing the composite carrier with a composite feed additive prepared from puffed sweet potato flour resulted in a decline in the growth performance of livestock and poultry. This demonstrates that synthesizing chitosan / calcium alginate composite microspheres within the pores of puffed sweet potato flour provides a support framework for the feed additive, improving the overall hardness and wear resistance of the carrier. This prevents the pores of the puffed sweet potato flour from collapsing due to external forces during processing and transportation, which could lead to leakage of the composite plant extracts and affect the stability of the feed additive. Furthermore, the porous structure of the synthesized chitosan / calcium alginate composite microspheres can adsorb lipid nanoparticles, enabling slow release and improving bioavailability. In addition, the calcium alginate shell protects the active ingredients, resisting high temperatures and acidic / alkaline environments during feed processing and reducing oxidative degradation during storage.

[0055] Comparative Example 4 showed that the growth performance of livestock and poultry decreased when sodium alginate aqueous solution was replaced with chitosan acetate solution to prepare a composite feed additive. This demonstrates that the porous structure of the synthesized chitosan / calcium alginate composite microspheres can also adsorb lipid nanoparticles, enabling slow release and improving bioavailability. Furthermore, the calcium alginate shell protects the active ingredients, resisting high temperature and acid / alkali environments during feed processing and reducing oxidative degradation during storage. In addition, chitosan and sodium alginate can be degraded by intestinal microorganisms of livestock and poultry without residue, meeting the requirements of green farming.

[0056] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0057] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0058] Those skilled in the art should understand that the above descriptions are merely several specific embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

Claims

1. A compound feed additive made from extracts of medicinal plants grown under forest cover in Liaodong, characterized in that, Its preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Mix Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, Astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide, and ginsenosides evenly to obtain a compound plant extract; S2. Stearic acid and soybean lecithin are used to encapsulate the complex plant extracts to form lipid nanoparticles; S3. Mix the lipid nanoparticles with the composite carrier, sieve, and obtain the composite feed additive. The composite carrier is obtained by extruding and puffing sweet potato flour, and then mixing and reacting it with chitosan, sodium alginate and calcium chloride.

2. The compound feed additive of medicinal plant extracts from understory plants in Liaodong as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the mass ratio of Acanthopanax senticosus extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, Astragalus membranaceus extract, ginseng polysaccharide, and ginsenoside is (2-2.5):(1-1.5):(1.5-2):(0.5-1.5):(0.8-1.2).

3. The compound feed additive of medicinal plant extracts from understory plants in Liaodong as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the lipid nanoparticles are specifically prepared by the following steps: The compound plant extract, stearic acid, and soybean lecithin were added to ethanol and stirred to obtain the oil phase. Poloxamer 188 was added to deionized water and stirred to obtain the aqueous phase. The oil phase was added to the aqueous phase and stirred to form granules. The granules were collected by centrifugation, washed, and added to mannitol solution. After stirring evenly, the granules were filtered through a membrane and freeze-dried to obtain lipid nanoparticles.

4. A compound feed additive made from extracts of medicinal plants grown under forest cover in Liaodong as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the compound plant extract, stearic acid, soybean lecithin and ethanol is (1.5-2):(5-6):(1.6-2):(45-55).

5. A compound feed additive made from extracts of medicinal plants grown under forest cover in Liaodong as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The mass ratio of poloxamer 188 to deionized water is (1.2-1.5):(45-55).

6. A compound feed additive made from extracts of medicinal plants grown under forest cover in Liaodong as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the oil phase to the water phase is 1:(1-1.2).

7. A compound feed additive made from extracts of medicinal plants grown under forest cover in Liaodong as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the composite carrier is specifically prepared by the following steps: A1. Sweet potato flour is extruded and puffed to obtain puffed sweet potato flour; A2. Add Tween 60 and sorbitan monooleate to a petroleum ether solution and stir until homogeneous. Add chitosan acetate solution and stir to emulsify. Add sodium alginate aqueous solution and stir to emulsify. Add calcium chloride aqueous solution and stir to react. After stirring, perform low-temperature quenching. Remove the product and add sodium hydroxide, ethanol solution and puffed sweet potato flour. After the reaction is complete, remove the product, wash and dry it to obtain the composite carrier.

8. A compound feed additive made from extracts of medicinal plants grown under forest cover in Liaodong as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In step A1, the extrusion puffing is performed using a twin-screw extruder at a temperature of 100-110℃, a screw speed of 150-200 r / min, a deionized water flow rate of 500-520 g / h, and a feed rate of 600-620 g / h.

9. A compound feed additive made from extracts of medicinal plants grown under forest cover in Liaodong as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In step A2, the mass ratio of Tween 60, sorbitan monooleate, petroleum ether solution, chitosan acetate solution, sodium alginate aqueous solution, calcium chloride aqueous solution, sodium hydroxide, ethanol solution, and puffed sweet potato flour is (0.1-0.3):(1.5-2):(55-65):(1-1.2):(1.3-1.5):(1.6-2):(1-2):(20-30):(4-5).

10. A compound feed additive made from extracts of medicinal plants grown under forest cover in Liaodong as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the mesh size of the sieve is 200-300 mesh; In step S3, the mass ratio of the lipid nanoparticles to the composite carrier is (0.1-0.3):1.

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