Intelligent gyro system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent gyroscopes, in particular to an intelligent gyroscope system and method.The intelligent gyroscope system comprises a gyroscope body, a motion detection module, a data processing module, a wireless communication module, a power module and a mobile terminal application, a sealed containing cavity is formed in the gyroscope body, and the gyroscope body is of a low-gravity-center structure; the motion detection module is arranged in the accommodating cavity, and the motion detection module comprises a six-axis inertial measurement unit, an integrated three-axis gyroscope and a three-axis accelerometer and is used for collecting rotation motion data of the gyroscope in real time; the data processing module is connected with the motion detection module and is used for filtering the collected original motion data and calculating the real-time rotation speed and rotation duration of the gyroscope; according to the invention, accurate quantification and objective recording of motion parameters are realized, and the competitive property and interestingness of the toy are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent gyroscope technology, and in particular to an intelligent gyroscope system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional spinning tops, as a classic entertainment product, have long relied on users' subjective judgment to evaluate their spinning performance, such as through visually estimating spin duration and observing spin stability for competitive comparisons. However, this subjective evaluation method has significant drawbacks: it lacks objective and precise data support, making fair and quantifiable competition difficult and limiting the development of spinning tops in terms of competitiveness and technological interaction. Most existing spinning top products remain at the stage of purely mechanical structure design, unable to collect and analyze key parameters such as spin speed, duration, and motion posture in real time. This results in a limited user experience and fails to meet the demands of modern consumers for intelligent and data-driven entertainment products.

[0003] With the rapid development of sensor technology and mobile internet, although some smart toys with simple sensing functions have appeared on the market, their data acquisition accuracy is limited and their data processing capabilities are weak. Most fail to achieve accurate quantification and multi-dimensional analysis of motion states. Furthermore, traditional smart gyroscope products often do not adequately consider a low center of gravity layout and balanced electronic component configuration in their structural design, leading to problems such as shaking and wobbling when the gyroscope rotates at high speeds, affecting motion stability and data accuracy. At the same time, there are also many shortcomings in battery life, waterproofing, dustproofing, and wireless communication stability, which restrict the practicality and user experience of the products. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides an intelligent gyroscope system and method that achieves precise quantification and objective recording of motion parameters, thereby enhancing the competitiveness and fun of toys.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: an intelligent gyroscope system, including a gyroscope body, a motion detection module, a data processing module, a wireless communication module, a power supply module, and a mobile terminal application. The gyroscope body has a sealed cavity and adopts a low center of gravity structure. The motion detection module is disposed within the cavity and includes a six-axis inertial measurement unit integrating a three-axis gyroscope and a three-axis accelerometer for real-time acquisition of the gyroscope's rotational motion data. The data processing module is connected to the motion detection module and is used to filter the acquired raw motion data and calculate the gyroscope's real-time rotational speed and rotation duration. The wireless communication module is used to wirelessly transmit the processed rotational state data to the mobile terminal application. The power supply module integrates a battery management circuit and is used to power the motion detection module, data processing module, and wireless communication module. The mobile terminal application is used to receive, display, and record the gyroscope's rotational data, supporting real-time display and historical data query functions.

[0006] A further improvement to the above scheme is that the accommodating cavity includes a hollow shaft hole and a mounting groove, a circuit board is disposed in the mounting groove, and the motion detection module, data processing module and wireless communication module are all disposed on the circuit board, and the motion detection module, data processing module and wireless communication module are symmetrically arranged around the rotation center axis of the gyroscope body.

[0007] A further improvement to the above scheme is that the data processing module includes a microcontroller and a memory, and is configured to execute a complementary filtering algorithm to fuse gyroscope and accelerometer data to improve measurement accuracy.

[0008] A further improvement to the above solution is that the mobile terminal application also provides a multi-gyroscope competition mode, which can connect to multiple smart gyroscopes simultaneously and compare rotation data in real time.

[0009] A further improvement to the above scheme is that the gyroscope body is provided with a waterproof coating and the accommodating cavity is a sealed structure.

[0010] A further improvement to the above scheme is that the bottom of the gyroscope body is provided with replaceable rotating feet.

[0011] A further improvement to the above scheme is that the rotating foot is made of metal, ceramic or polymer composite material.

[0012] A data processing method based on the intelligent gyroscope system includes the following steps: Step S1: Collect raw data of the angular velocity and acceleration of the gyroscope through the inertial measurement unit; Step S2: Filter and calibrate the raw data; Step S3: Calculate the real-time rotational speed of the gyroscope based on the processed data; Step S4: Determine the start and stop states of the gyroscope based on the change in rotational speed; Step S5: Calculate the rotation duration; Step S6: The rotation data is sent to the mobile terminal via the wireless communication module; Step S7: Visualize the rotation status and historical records on the mobile terminal.

[0013] A further improvement to the above scheme is that the filtering process adopts the Kalman filtering algorithm, integrates accelerometer and gyroscope data, and performs temperature drift compensation.

[0014] A further improvement to the above scheme is that the steps for determining the start and stop states include: setting a speed threshold, marking the start when the rotation speed exceeds the threshold, and marking the stop when the speed is below the threshold and remains below the threshold for a set time.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: Compared to existing spinning tops, this invention achieves precise quantification and objective recording of motion parameters, enhancing the toy's competitiveness and fun. Traditional spinning tops' rotational performance can only be subjectively judged by the naked eye, lacking objective data support. This invention, by integrating a high-precision six-axis inertial measurement unit (IMU) and combining it with advanced data processing algorithms, can accurately collect and calculate the spinning top's core parameters such as rotation speed and duration in real time. This transforms spinning top battles from vague sensory comparisons to precise data competitions, providing users with clear and fair competitive criteria, greatly enhancing the game's technological feel and appeal. A real-time data link is established with mobile terminal applications through a low-power wireless communication module, seamlessly mapping the spinning top's physical motion state to the digital world. Users can not only view the dynamic changes in rotational data in real time on their mobile terminals, but also query historical records, compare data from multiple spinning tops, and even generate data analysis reports. This hardware-software integrated interactive approach breaks the isolation of traditional toys, expanding simple spinning play into an immersive technological experience that can be recorded, analyzed, and shared, effectively meeting the needs of modern users for interactive entertainment. This invention employs a low center of gravity structure and a symmetrical layout of electronic components to ensure the dynamic balance of the gyroscope during high-speed rotation, without affecting its core physical performance. The sealed cavity and waterproof coating enhance the product's environmental adaptability. The built-in power management circuit optimizes energy consumption and extends battery life. While giving traditional gyroscopes intelligent functions, it maintains their essential characteristics as a toy: durability and ease of control, making it highly practical and promising for the market.

[0016] The data processing method based on the intelligent gyroscope system achieves precision and intelligence in the data processing flow, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of motion parameter measurement. Traditional methods cannot effectively quantify gyroscope motion. This invention, through steps S1 and S2, systematically collects raw motion data and employs professional filtering and calibration algorithms to effectively eliminate interference such as sensor noise and temperature drift, providing a high-quality data foundation for subsequent calculations. Steps S3 to S5 perform precise calculations and intelligent state judgments based on this, accurately capturing the entire process of the gyroscope's start-up, stable rotation, and stop, thereby obtaining a true and reliable rotation speed and duration, solving the technical problems of inaccurate subjective judgment and inability to quantify comparisons. Through steps S6 and S7, a seamless data transmission and visualization channel is established from the gyroscope itself to the mobile terminal. Users no longer rely solely on visual observation but can obtain the gyroscope's dynamic rotation state and detailed historical records in real time and intuitively through mobile terminal applications. The ability to digitize and graphically represent the motion state of physical toys in real time transforms the traditional single-play mode into an immersive interactive experience that can be recorded, analyzed, and shared, greatly enriching the product's fun and technological appeal. The entire methodology is logically rigorous, forming a complete closed loop from data acquisition, processing, and computation to transmission and display. The algorithm design balances accuracy with the limited resources of embedded systems, resulting in high computational efficiency and timely response. Furthermore, the filtering algorithm and state judgment thresholds can be flexibly adjusted according to different gyroscope models or user needs, enhancing the methodology's versatility and ease of product iteration. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the gyroscope body of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top view of the gyroscope body; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view of AA; Figure 4 This is a connection diagram of the intelligent gyroscope system of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the data processing method of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Gyroscope body; 11. Receiving cavity; 111. Hollow shaft hole; 112. Mounting slot; 113. Circuit board; 12. Rotating foot; 2. Motion detection module; 21. Six-axis inertial measurement unit; 22. Three-axis gyroscope; 23. Three-axis accelerometer; 3. Data processing module; 31. Microcontroller; 32. Memory; 4. Wireless communication module; 5. Power supply module; 6. Mobile terminal application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. However, the invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the invention.

[0020] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly attached to the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is said to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

[0022] like Figures 1-5As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, an intelligent gyroscope system is disclosed, comprising a gyroscope body 1, a motion detection module 2, a data processing module 3, a wireless communication module 4, a power supply module 5, and a mobile terminal application 6. The gyroscope body 1 has a sealed accommodating cavity 11 and adopts a low center of gravity structure. The motion detection module 2 is disposed within the accommodating cavity 11 and includes a six-axis inertial measurement unit 21, integrating a three-axis gyroscope 22 and a three-axis accelerometer 23, for real-time acquisition of the gyroscope's rotational motion data. The data processing module 3 is connected to the motion detection module 2 and is used to filter the acquired raw motion data and calculate the gyroscope's real-time rotational speed and rotational duration. The wireless communication module 4 is used to wirelessly transmit the processed rotational state data to the mobile terminal application 6. The power supply module 5 integrates a battery management circuit and is used to power the motion detection module 2, the data processing module 3, and the wireless communication module 4. The mobile terminal application 6 is used to receive, display, and record the gyroscope's rotational data, supporting real-time display and historical data query functions. This embodiment achieves precise quantification and objective recording of motion parameters, enhancing the competitiveness and fun of the toy. Traditional gyroscopes' rotational performance can only be subjectively judged by the naked eye, lacking objective data support. This embodiment, by integrating a high-precision six-axis inertial measurement unit 21 (IMU) and combining it with advanced data processing algorithms, can accurately collect and calculate core parameters such as the gyroscope's rotational speed and duration in real time. This transforms gyroscope battles from vague sensory comparisons to precise data competitions, providing users with clear and fair competitive criteria, greatly enhancing the game's technological feel and appeal. A real-time data link is established between the low-power wireless communication module 4 and the mobile terminal application 6, seamlessly mapping the gyroscope's physical motion state to the digital world. Users can not only view the dynamic changes in rotational data in real time on their mobile terminals, but also query historical records, compare data from multiple gyroscopes, and even generate data analysis reports. This hardware-software integrated interactive approach breaks the isolation of traditional toys, expanding simple spinning play into an immersive technological experience that can be recorded, analyzed, and shared, effectively meeting the interactive entertainment needs of modern users. This invention employs a low center of gravity structure and a symmetrical layout of electronic components to ensure the dynamic balance of the gyroscope during high-speed rotation, without affecting its core physical performance. The sealed housing 11 and waterproof coating enhance the product's environmental adaptability. The built-in power management circuit optimizes energy consumption and extends battery life. While giving the traditional gyroscope intelligent functions, it maintains its essential characteristics as a toy—durability and ease of control—making it highly practical and promising for the market.

[0023] The accommodating cavity 11 includes a hollow shaft hole 111 and a mounting groove 112. A circuit board 113 is disposed within the mounting groove 112. The motion detection module 2, data processing module 3, and wireless communication module 4 are all mounted on the circuit board 113. The motion detection module 2, data processing module 3, and wireless communication module 4 are symmetrically arranged around the rotation center axis of the gyroscope body 1. In this embodiment, the symmetrical distribution of the heavier electronic modules around the rotation center axis effectively ensures a balanced mass distribution of the gyroscope body 1, significantly reducing harmful vibrations caused by mass eccentricity during high-speed rotation, ensuring the stability and smoothness of the gyroscope rotation, and thus reducing the interference of vibration on sensor data acquisition. The compact integrated layout around the center maximizes the utilization of the internal space of the accommodating cavity 11, providing the possibility for a compact and streamlined appearance design of the gyroscope body 1, while ensuring structural strength. This improves the dynamic performance of the gyroscope from a physical perspective.

[0024] The data processing module 3, including a microcontroller 31 and a memory 32, is configured to execute a complementary filtering algorithm to fuse gyroscope and accelerometer data to improve measurement accuracy. In this embodiment, by running the complementary filtering program in real time through the microcontroller 31, the high-frequency angular velocity data from the gyroscope, which has excellent high-frequency response characteristics, and the low-frequency attitude reference data from the accelerometer, which has high accuracy, can be efficiently fused. This fusion fully utilizes the advantages of both sensors, effectively suppressing the drift error accumulated over time by the gyroscope due to integration operations, while filtering out high-frequency noise from the accelerometer that is susceptible to vibration during dynamic motion. Secondly, compared to the complex Kalman filter, the complementary filtering algorithm has low computational load and low resource consumption, making it particularly suitable for embedded systems composed of the microcontroller 31. This allows the system to achieve fast real-time response while ensuring high-precision attitude calculation and significantly reducing overall power consumption. Thirdly, the algorithm program stored in the memory 32 ensures the consistency and repeatability of the processing logic. Therefore, this embodiment fundamentally improves the accuracy, real-time performance, and stability of attitude measurement in the intelligent gyroscope system, providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent accurate judgment of motion status.

[0025] Mobile application 6 also provides a multi-gyroscope competition mode, which can simultaneously connect multiple smart gyroscopes and compare their rotation data in real time. In this embodiment, it breaks through the limitations of traditional gyroscope toys that rely on single-user operation, realizing synchronous interactive competition among multiple users and gyroscopes, greatly enriching the product's entertainment and social interactivity, and creating a technological foundation for group gaming scenarios. Secondly, through the centralized processing and visualization of mobile application 6, key data such as the real-time rotation speed, duration, and stability of multiple gyroscopes can be dynamically compared on the same screen, providing users with an intuitive and fair basis for competitive judgment, enhancing the game's competitiveness and fun. Furthermore, this mode supports centralized monitoring and unified management of the status of multiple gyroscopes, improving the system's integration and intelligence level, upgrading the smart gyroscope system of this invention from a single toy into a scalable interactive entertainment platform, significantly enhancing the product's market competitiveness and application value.

[0026] The gyroscope body 1 has a waterproof coating on its exterior, and the housing cavity 11 is a sealed structure. In this embodiment, through processes such as silicone sealing rings, ultrasonic welding, or potting compound, the cavity containing core electronic components such as the circuit board 113, motion detection module 2, and data processing module 3 is completely isolated from the external environment. This fundamentally prevents the intrusion of moisture, dust, and other corrosive media, improving the environmental adaptability and durability of the intelligent gyroscope system. This allows it to operate stably not only in dry indoor environments but also in outdoor, humid, and even environments with a small risk of splashing water. The bottom of the gyroscope body 1 is equipped with replaceable rotating spikes 12. Specifically, the rotating spikes 12 are made of metal, ceramic, or polymer composite materials. In this embodiment, the "replaceable" design gives the product extremely high practicality and economy. As a key component that directly contacts the support surface and bears all friction and wear, the rotating spikes 12 are the most easily worn part. Users do not need to replace the entire gyroscope due to spike wear; they only need to replace the spikes to restore its optimal rotation performance, greatly extending the overall service life of the intelligent gyroscope system and reducing the user's long-term operating costs. Secondly, the choice of different materials provides differentiated performance advantages. Metal spikes (such as stainless steel and titanium alloy) have extremely high wear resistance and strength, are suitable for use on rough surfaces, and can bring a stable rotation feel; ceramic spikes (such as zirconium oxide) have high hardness, low coefficient of friction, and corrosion resistance, enabling extremely smooth and durable rotation, which is particularly suitable for competitive pursuits; while polymer composite material spikes (such as polyoxymethylene (POM) and Teflon) can provide excellent self-lubrication and shock absorption effects, good protection for the desktop, and low cost.

[0027] See Figures 1-5 As shown, a data processing method based on the intelligent gyroscope system includes the following steps: Step S1: Acquire raw data of the gyroscope's angular velocity and acceleration using the inertial measurement unit; Step S2: Filter and calibrate the raw data; Step S3: Calculate the gyroscope's real-time rotation speed based on the processed data; Step S4: Determine the gyroscope's start and stop states based on changes in rotation speed; Step S5: Calculate the rotation duration; Step S6: Send the rotation data to the mobile terminal via the wireless communication module 4; Step S7: Visually display the rotation status and historical records on the mobile terminal.

[0028] This embodiment achieves precision and intelligence in the data processing flow, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of motion parameter measurement. Traditional methods cannot effectively quantify gyroscope motion. This invention, through steps S1 and S2, systematically collects raw motion data and employs professional filtering and calibration algorithms to effectively eliminate interference such as sensor noise and temperature drift, providing a high-quality data foundation for subsequent calculations. Steps S3 to S5 perform precise calculations and intelligent state judgments based on this data, accurately capturing the entire process of the gyroscope's start-up, stable rotation, and stop, thereby obtaining a true and reliable rotation speed and duration, solving the technical problems of inaccurate subjective judgment and inability to quantify comparisons. Through steps S6 and S7, a seamless data transmission and visualization channel is established from the gyroscope itself 1 to the mobile terminal. Users no longer rely solely on visual observation but can obtain the gyroscope's dynamic rotation state and detailed historical records in real time and intuitively through the mobile terminal application 6. The ability to digitize and graphically represent the motion state of a physical toy in real time transforms the traditional single-play mode into an immersive interactive experience that can be recorded, analyzed, and shared, greatly enriching the product's fun and technological appeal. The entire methodology is logically rigorous, forming a complete closed loop from data acquisition, processing, and computation to transmission and display. The algorithm design balances accuracy with the limited resources of embedded systems, resulting in high computational efficiency and timely response. Furthermore, the filtering algorithm and state judgment thresholds can be flexibly adjusted according to different gyroscope models or user needs, enhancing the methodology's versatility and ease of product iteration.

[0029] The filtering process employs the Kalman filter algorithm, fusing accelerometer and gyroscope data and performing temperature drift compensation. In this embodiment, the filtering process specifically uses the Kalman filter algorithm in step S2 of the data processing method. By fusing the high-frequency dynamic angular velocity data output by the triaxial gyroscope 22 with the low-frequency but absolute attitude reference data provided by the triaxial accelerometer 23, the inherent integral drift error of the gyroscope and the vibration noise of the accelerometer under dynamic rotation are effectively suppressed through data complementarity. This results in extremely smooth and accurate attitude estimation throughout the entire rotation cycle of the gyroscope, especially during high-speed rotation and start-stop phases. Secondly, the algorithm model integrates a temperature drift compensation module, which can correct the zero-bias parameter in real time according to the sensor temperature, overcoming the problem of decreased measurement accuracy caused by long-term operation or changes in ambient temperature. This fundamentally ensures the accuracy of subsequent calculations of rotation speed and judgment of motion state, laying the core algorithmic foundation for the reliability of the entire system and user experience.

[0030] The steps for determining the start and stop states include: setting a speed threshold; marking a start when the rotational speed exceeds the threshold, and marking a stop when the speed is below the threshold and remains below it for a set time. In this embodiment, in step S4 of the data processing method, the specific steps for determining the start and stop states are: setting a speed determination threshold; when the calculated real-time rotational speed first exceeds the threshold, the gyroscope is determined to start; when the rotational speed falls below the threshold and remains stable for a set time, the gyroscope is determined to stop. By setting a start threshold, the small speed signals generated by hand shaking or slight collisions are effectively filtered out, avoiding false triggers and ensuring that only real and effective rotational actions are recorded by the system, thus improving the accuracy of state recognition. Secondly, for the determination of the stop state, an innovative "duration" is introduced as an auxiliary condition, rather than simply relying on the instantaneous speed being below the threshold. This can effectively distinguish between the normal speed fluctuations of the gyroscope at the end of the rotation (such as slight rebound from hitting a wall) and the true stop state, preventing the system from prematurely ending the timing due to instantaneous fluctuations, thereby greatly improving the accuracy and reliability of the rotation duration calculation and providing users with fair and reliable competitive data.

[0031] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An intelligent gyroscope system, characterized in that: The system includes a gyroscope body, a motion detection module, a data processing module, a wireless communication module, a power supply module, and a mobile terminal application. The gyroscope body has a sealed internal cavity and a low center of gravity structure. The motion detection module, housed within this cavity, includes a six-axis inertial measurement unit integrating a three-axis gyroscope and a three-axis accelerometer for real-time acquisition of the gyroscope's rotational motion data. The data processing module, connected to the motion detection module, filters the acquired raw motion data and calculates the gyroscope's real-time rotational speed and rotation duration. The wireless communication module wirelessly transmits the processed rotational state data to the mobile terminal application. The power supply module integrates a battery management circuit and powers the motion detection module, data processing module, and wireless communication module. The mobile terminal application receives, displays, and records the gyroscope's rotational data, supporting real-time display and historical data query functions.

2. The intelligent gyroscope system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The accommodating cavity includes a hollow shaft hole and a mounting groove. A circuit board is installed in the mounting groove. The motion detection module, data processing module, and wireless communication module are all mounted on the circuit board. The motion detection module, data processing module, and wireless communication module are arranged symmetrically around the rotation center axis of the gyroscope body.

3. The intelligent gyroscope system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing module includes a microcontroller and a memory, and is configured to execute a complementary filtering algorithm to fuse gyroscope and accelerometer data to improve measurement accuracy.

4. The intelligent gyroscope system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mobile application also provides a multi-gyroscope competition mode, which can connect to multiple smart gyroscopes simultaneously and compare rotation data in real time.

5. The intelligent gyroscope system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gyroscope body has a waterproof coating on the outside and the housing cavity is a sealed structure.

6. The intelligent gyroscope system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the gyroscope body is equipped with replaceable rotating feet.

7. The intelligent gyroscope system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rotating foot is made of metal, ceramic or polymer composite material.

8. A data processing method based on the intelligent gyroscope system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Collect raw data of the angular velocity and acceleration of the gyroscope through the inertial measurement unit; Step S2: Filter and calibrate the raw data; Step S3: Calculate the real-time rotational speed of the gyroscope based on the processed data; Step S4: Determine the start and stop status of the gyroscope based on the change in rotational speed; Step S5: Calculate the rotation duration; Step S6: The rotation data is sent to the mobile terminal via the wireless communication module; Step S7: Visually display the rotation status and historical records on the mobile terminal.

9. The intelligent gyroscope system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The filtering process employs the Kalman filter algorithm, integrates accelerometer and gyroscope data, and performs temperature drift compensation.

10. The intelligent gyroscope system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The steps for determining the start and stop status include: setting a speed threshold, marking the start when the rotation speed exceeds the threshold, and marking the stop when the speed is below the threshold and remains below the threshold for a set time.

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