Single planet row and electric drive hybrid power system and hybrid power vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides a single planet row and electric drive hybrid power system and a hybrid power vehicle, belongs to the technical field of hybrid power vehicles, and can solve the problems that an existing hybrid power system is insufficient in high-speed power reserve and weak in high-speed overtaking power response, and pure series-parallel system power connection is adopted, and oil is not saved at a low speed. The single planet row is connected with an engine, an EM2 driving motor and an EM1 generator; a gear shifting execution mechanism; a drive motor input shaft; an intermediate shaft; a differential; the single planet row comprises a planet carrier connected with an engine; the gear ring is connected with the intermediate shaft; the sun gear is connected with the generator; the gear shifting executing mechanism is used for connecting a sun gear of a single planet row with a gear ring of the single planet row or connecting the sun gear of the single planet row with an EM1 shell. One end of an input shaft of the driving motor is connected with a driving gear, and the other end is connected with the driving motor; and the intermediate shaft is meshed with the differential mechanism through the gear pair.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hybrid vehicle technology, specifically relating to a single planetary gear set and electric drive hybrid system and hybrid vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Hybrid transverse transmission drive systems, which offer good fuel economy, low emissions, fuel efficiency, and power performance, are attracting increasing attention.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream hybrid transmissions include Toyota's THS power-split type and BYD's DM-i series-parallel structure.

[0004] Toyota's THS system exhibits relatively weak acceleration performance at high speeds. Due to the physical characteristics of the planetary gear structure, when accelerating from high-speed cruising, the engine's power cannot be 100% directly transmitted to the wheels. Some power needs to be converted into electrical energy and then output by the electric motor, resulting in a certain "power diversion" loss. This makes the acceleration performance at high speeds feel slightly weaker compared to a gasoline car with the same power output.

[0005] When cruising at high speeds, the BYD DM-i system switches to engine direct drive. However, if rapid acceleration is needed for overtaking, the gear ratio of single-gear direct drive is fixed, preventing the engine from downshifting to increase engine speed and generate more power. Instead, it relies on the electric motor for assistance (in parallel), resulting in a slight decrease in acceleration at high speeds. The smoothness and subtlety of its mode switching (especially when the engine engages and disengages in direct drive mode) are inferior to the planetary gear set of the THS system.

[0006] Therefore, existing technologies suffer from problems such as insufficient high-speed power reserve and weak power response during high-speed overtaking in power-split systems, as well as poor power delivery and insufficient fuel efficiency at low speeds in series-parallel systems. This invention aims to address these technical deficiencies through an innovative single planetary gearbox structure and shift actuator, providing a more efficient, smoother, and more adaptable hybrid power system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a new technical solution for a single planetary gear and electric drive hybrid power system and hybrid vehicle.

[0008] One aspect of the present invention provides a single planetary gearbox and electric drive hybrid power system, comprising: a single planetary gearbox, a shift actuator, a drive motor input shaft, an intermediate shaft and a differential;

[0009] The single planetary gear set includes a planet carrier, a sun gear, and a ring gear.

[0010] The planetary carrier is used to connect the engine;

[0011] The sun gear is used to connect to the generator;

[0012] The gear ring is used to connect the intermediate shaft;

[0013] The shift actuator is used to selectively connect the sun gear to the ring gear or to the EM1 housing;

[0014] One end of the drive motor input shaft is connected to the drive motor, and the other end is equipped with a drive gear;

[0015] The intermediate shaft is equipped with multiple gears, including a first gear, a second gear, and a third gear;

[0016] The differential is equipped with a main reduction driven gear for connecting the wheel ends;

[0017] The intermediate shaft meshes with the main reduction driven gear of the differential via the first gear, the second gear meshes with the external gear of the gear ring, and the third gear meshes with the driving gear of the drive motor input shaft.

[0018] Optionally, the planet carrier is provided with multiple planet gears, which are constantly meshed with the ring gear and the sun gear.

[0019] Optionally, the shifting actuator includes a synchronizer hub and a synchronizer sleeve. The synchronizer hub is connected to the sun gear, and the synchronizer sleeve is slidable on the synchronizer hub for selectively engaging with the external spline of the gear ring or the external spline of the EM1 housing.

[0020] Optionally, the shifting actuator may be a synchronizer, a sliding sleeve, or a clutch.

[0021] Optionally, the EM1 housing may be an EM1 generator housing or a transmission housing.

[0022] Optionally, the second and third gears of the intermediate shaft can be combined into a single gear, which simultaneously meshes with the external gear of the gear ring and the drive gear of the input shaft of the drive motor.

[0023] Optionally, the system is configured to implement a pure electric drive mode, wherein:

[0024] In single-motor drive, the power of the drive motor is transmitted to the intermediate shaft through the drive motor input shaft, and then to the wheel ends through the differential;

[0025] In dual-motor drive, the generator's power is transmitted to the intermediate shaft through the sun gear, planetary gear set, and ring gear. The power transmitted to the intermediate shaft from the drive motor is combined with the electric drive force transmitted to the intermediate shaft and then transmitted to the wheel ends through the differential.

[0026] Optionally, the system is configured to implement E-CVT mode, wherein engine power is input through the planetary carrier, and the generator connected to the sun gear achieves the output of the ring gear of a single planetary gear set through electronically controlled stepless speed regulation, transmitting power to the intermediate shaft; at the same time, the power of the drive motor is transmitted to the intermediate shaft through the drive motor input shaft; finally, after the engine power and electric drive force are combined at the intermediate shaft, they are transmitted to the wheel ends through the differential, realizing stepless speed regulation mode.

[0027] Optionally, the system is configured to implement an engine direct drive mode, wherein:

[0028] In direct drive mode, the shift actuator connects the sun gear to the ring gear, causing the planetary gear set to rotate as a whole, and the engine power is output to the intermediate shaft through the ring gear;

[0029] In overdrive mode, the shift actuator connects the sun gear to the EM1 housing, the sun gear is fixed, and the engine power is output to the intermediate shaft through the gear ring.

[0030] Optionally, the system is configured to implement a parallel drive mode, wherein the engine and the drive motor simultaneously provide power, with the engine power transmitted to the intermediate shaft via a planetary gear set; simultaneously, the drive motor power is transmitted to the intermediate shaft via the drive motor input shaft, and the engine power and drive motor power converge on the intermediate shaft before being transmitted to the wheel ends via a differential; or

[0031] The system is configured to achieve a series drive mode, in which engine power is input through the planetary carrier. In direct drive mode, the planetary gear set rotates as a whole, and the sun gear outputs power to the generator to generate electricity, which in turn supplies the drive motor to drive the wheels.

[0032] Another aspect of the present invention provides a hybrid vehicle comprising the single planetary gear and electric drive hybrid system described in any of the preceding claims.

[0033] In the single planetary gear set and electric drive hybrid system of this invention, the engine power is input through the planetary carrier and output through the sun gear / ring gear of the single planetary gear set, realizing the planetary transmission function. Through the shift execution structure, the connection and disconnection between the ring gear and the sun gear of the single planetary gear set are realized to achieve the functions of direct drive of the engine, power splitting and series-parallel connection. The system maintains series-parallel connection for low and medium speed pure electric, power splitting for medium and high speed, and direct drive of the engine under economic conditions. This allows the efficiency of the power system to be fully utilized, effectively reducing the overall axial and radial dimensions, giving it a greater torque density and wider and more flexible vehicle adaptability.

[0034] In the hybrid vehicle of this invention, the vehicle employs the single planetary gearbox and electric drive hybrid system described in this invention. The hybrid vehicle of this invention possesses the technical advantages of the aforementioned single planetary gearbox and electric drive hybrid system. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a single planetary gearbox and electric drive hybrid power system according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0037] 1. Engine EG; 2. Planetary carrier; 3. Planetary gears; 4. Sun gear; 5. Ring gear; 6. Single planetary gear set; 7. External gear; 8. External spline 1; 9. Gear hub; 10. Gear sleeve; 11. Gear shifting actuator; 12. External spline 2; 13. EM1 generator; 14. EM1 housing; 15. Intermediate shaft; 16. First gear (main reduction drive gear); 17. Second gear; 18. Third gear; 19. Differential; 20. Main reduction driven gear; 21. EM2 drive motor; 22. Drive motor input shaft; 23. Drive gear. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this invention, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] This embodiment relates to a single planetary gearbox and electric drive hybrid power system, the system being configured as follows: Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment relates to a single planetary gearbox and electric drive hybrid power system, the system being configured as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the single planetary gearbox and electric drive hybrid system includes a single planetary gearbox 6, a shift actuator 11, a drive motor input shaft 22, an intermediate shaft 15, and a differential 19.

[0041] The single planetary gear set 6 includes a planet carrier 2, a sun gear 4, and a ring gear 5. The planet carrier 2 is connected to the engine 1 and has multiple planet gears 3. The planet gears 3 are constantly meshed with the ring gear 5 and the sun gear 4 to achieve power splitting and synthesis. The sun gear 4 is connected to the generator 13, and the ring gear 5 has an external gear 7 and an external spline 8.

[0042] The shift actuator 11 includes a synchronizer hub 9 and a synchronizer sleeve 10. The synchronizer hub 9 is connected to the sun gear 4, and the synchronizer sleeve 10 is slidable on the synchronizer hub 9 to selectively engage with the outer spline 8 of the gear ring 5 or the outer spline 12 of the EM1 housing 14, thereby realizing the switching between direct drive and overdrive.

[0043] One end of the drive motor input shaft 22 is connected to the EM2 drive motor 21, and the other end is equipped with a drive gear 23.

[0044] The intermediate shaft 15 is equipped with a first gear 16, a second gear 17, and a third gear 18. The first gear 16 meshes with the main reduction driven wheel 20 of the differential 19, the second gear 17 meshes with the external gear 7 of the gear ring 5, and the third gear 18 meshes with the driving gear 23 of the drive motor input shaft 22.

[0045] The differential 19 is equipped with a main reduction driven wheel 20, which is used to connect the wheel end to realize power output.

[0046] The above system, through its structure, can achieve multiple operating modes, as detailed below:

[0047] Pure electric drive mode:

[0048] Single motor drive: The power of the EM2 drive motor 21 is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 15 through the engagement of the drive gear 23 of the drive motor input shaft 22 and the third gear 18 of the intermediate shaft 15. The power is then transmitted to the intermediate shaft 15, through the engagement of the first gear 16 and the main reduction driven wheel 20, and finally to the wheel ends through the differential 19. This mode has a simple structure, fast response, and is suitable for low-speed urban driving.

[0049] Dual-motor drive: When the engine 1 is not running, the planetary carrier 2 is stationary. The power of the generator 13 is transmitted to the second gear 17 of the intermediate shaft 15 through the external gear 7 of the sun gear 4, planet gear 3 and ring gear 5, thus transmitting power to the intermediate shaft 15. At the same time, the power of the EM2 drive motor 21 is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 15 through the engagement of the drive gear 23 of the drive motor input shaft 22 with the third gear 18 of the intermediate shaft 15. Finally, after the electric drive force is combined on the intermediate shaft 15, it is transmitted through the engagement of the first gear 16 with the main reduction driven wheel 20, and then through the differential 19 to the wheel ends. This mode provides stronger power output and ensures the acceleration performance of the vehicle in pure electric mode.

[0050] E-CVT mode:

[0051] Power from engine 1 is input through planetary carrier 2 and speed-regulated by generator 13 connected to sun gear 4, achieving output from ring gear 5 of single planetary gear set 6. The external gear 7 of ring gear 5 meshes with the second gear 17 of intermediate shaft 15, transmitting power to intermediate shaft 15. Simultaneously, power from EM2 drive motor 21 is transmitted to intermediate shaft 15 through drive gear 23 of drive motor input shaft 22 meshing with the third gear 18 of intermediate shaft 15. Finally, after the power from engine 1 and EM2 drive motor 21 converges at intermediate shaft 15, it is transmitted through first gear 16 meshing with main reduction driven gear 20, and then through differential 19 to the gear ends. This mode ensures the engine always operates in its high-efficiency range, improving fuel economy while guaranteeing smooth power output.

[0052] Engine direct drive mode:

[0053] In direct drive mode, the shift actuator 11 connects the sun gear 4 to the ring gear 5, causing the planetary gear set to rotate as a whole, with a gear ratio of 1. Power from engine 1 is input through the planet carrier 2, directly transmitted to the intermediate shaft 15 via the meshing of the external gear 7 of the ring gear 5 and the second gear 17 of the intermediate shaft 15. From there, the power is transmitted through the first gear 16 meshing with the main reduction driven gear 20, and finally to the wheel ends via the differential 19. This mode offers high transmission efficiency and is suitable for high-speed cruising.

[0054] In overdrive mode, the shift actuator 11 connects the sun gear 4 to the EM1 housing 14, and the sun gear 4 is fixed. Power from the engine 1 is input through the planetary carrier 2, and transmitted to the intermediate shaft 15 via the meshing of the external gear 7 of the ring gear 5 and the second gear 17 of the intermediate shaft 15. The power then meshes with the main reduction driven gear 20 via the first gear 16, and is transmitted to the wheel ends via the differential 19. This mode provides a higher gear ratio, improving high-speed performance and acceleration.

[0055] Parallel drive mode:

[0056] In direct drive or overdrive, engine 1 provides mechanical power; simultaneously, drive motor 21 (EM2) also provides power. Engine 1 power is transmitted to intermediate shaft 15 via planetary gear set; concurrently, drive motor power is transmitted to intermediate shaft 15 via drive motor input shaft 22, drive gear 23, and third gear 18, providing electric drive force. Finally, the engine power and electric drive force converge on intermediate shaft 15 and are transmitted to the wheel ends via differential 19. This mode fully utilizes the dual advantages of the engine and motor, providing strong power and is suitable for overtaking or climbing.

[0057] Series drive mode:

[0058] When the speed is low or the battery power is insufficient, the power of engine 1 is input through planetary carrier 2. In direct drive mode, the planetary gear set rotates as a whole, and the sun gear 4 outputs power to generator 13 to generate electricity. The electrical energy is stored or directly supplied to EM2 to drive motor 21 to drive the wheels. This mode optimizes the engine operating point, improves overall energy efficiency, and extends the driving range.

[0059] Braking energy recovery mode:

[0060] The braking energy of the wheels is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 15 through the engagement of the first gear 16 with the main reduction driven wheel 20 of the differential 19 and the main reduction driven wheel 20. The energy then engages with the drive gear 23 through the third gear 18, driving the EM2 drive motor 21 to generate electricity. This mode effectively recovers braking energy and improves energy utilization.

[0061] Parking-based power generation mode:

[0062] When the vehicle is stationary, engine 1 starts, power is input through planetary carrier 2, ring gear 5 remains stationary, planetary gears 3 drive sun gear 4 to rotate, which in turn drives generator 13 to generate electricity. This mode ensures that the battery can still be charged when the vehicle is parked, improving system flexibility.

[0063] Reverse mode:

[0064] When the EM2 drive motor 21 reverses, power is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 15 via the drive gear 23 of the drive motor input shaft 22, which meshes with the third gear 18 of the intermediate shaft 15. Power then passes through the first gear 16 and the main reduction driven wheel 20, and finally to the wheel ends via the differential 19, thus achieving reversing. This mode is simple and reliable, requiring no engine intervention.

[0065] This invention, through integrated design, achieves seamless switching between multiple operating modes, improving both power and economy. The system has a compact structure, small axial and radial dimensions, high torque density, and strong adaptability, effectively solving problems such as insufficient high-speed power and uneven mode switching in existing technologies.

[0066] More specifically, the power transmission paths in the following typical operating modes are as follows:

[0067] 1. In pure electric drive mode, the power of the drive motor is transmitted through the input shaft to the intermediate shaft, and then through the differential to the wheel ends. At the same time, there is also the case where the engine is not running. In this case, the planetary carrier of the single planetary gear set is fixed. The generator power is transmitted through the sun gear of the single planetary gear set. Under the action of the planetary transmission system, the power is transmitted through the ring gear of the single planetary gear set to the intermediate shaft. Finally, the power is merged with the power transmitted by the drive motor and then transmitted to the wheel ends through the differential.

[0068] 2. In E-CVT mode, the engine power is input through the planetary carrier of the single planetary gear set. The sun gear of the single planetary gear set is output by the ring gear of the single planetary gear set under the stepless speed regulation of the starter motor and transmitted to the intermediate shaft. At the same time, the power of the power motor EM2 is input through the drive motor and transmitted to the intermediate shaft. Finally, the engine power and the drive motor power are combined on the intermediate shaft and transmitted to the wheel ends through the differential.

[0069] 3. Direct drive mode: Engine power is input through the planetary carrier of the single planetary gear set and output through the ring gear. The sun gear of the single planetary gear set can be selectively engaged with the ring gear via a shift actuator, or with the EM1 housing, to achieve direct drive modes in different gear positions. When the battery power is insufficient, the power transmitted to the intermediate shaft can drive the drive motor / generator to generate electricity, achieving a direct drive driving power generation mode.

[0070] 4. Parallel drive mode: Engine power is input through the planetary carrier of a single planetary gear set, and output through the sun gear / ring gear of the single planetary gear set connected to the generator. The sun gear of the single planetary gear set can selectively engage with the ring gear of the single planetary gear set via a shift actuator; or engage with the EM1 housing to achieve different gear states. At the same time, because the third gear of the intermediate shaft meshes with the drive gear of the drive motor input shaft, when the battery power is sufficient, the drive motor transmits power to the intermediate shaft through the drive gear of the motor input shaft meshing with the third gear of the intermediate output. Finally, after the engine power and electric drive force are combined on the intermediate shaft, they are transmitted through the first gear of the intermediate output meshing with the differential's main reduction gear, transmitting power to the differential. Then, the differential transmits power to the wheel ends of the vehicle, thus achieving parallel transmission.

[0071] 5. In series drive mode, when driving at low speeds or when the battery is low, power is input through the planetary carrier of the single planetary gear set. In direct drive mode, the single planetary gear set rotates as a whole, and the output is directly from the sun gear of the single planetary gear set to generate electricity for the EM1 generator, converting the engine's mechanical energy into electrical energy. The electrical energy is stored in the drive battery or directly supplied to the power motor, which drives the wheels.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] This embodiment relates to a hybrid vehicle, including the single planetary gear and electric drive hybrid system described in Embodiment 1. The vehicle operates as described in Embodiment 1, possessing the same technical effects and advantages, such as high efficiency, low fuel consumption, strong power response, and wide adaptability.

[0074] The vehicle adopts Figure 1 The single planetary gearbox and electric drive hybrid system shown in the table below operates in the following modes (where EG-1: engine-driven direct drive; EG-2: engine-driven overdrive):

[0075]

[0076] In the table above, SYNC represents the shift switching function of the shift actuator, L: left side (realizing the engagement of the sun gear and the ring gear), N: neutral, R: right side (the sun gear engages with the EM1 housing).

[0077] The hybrid vehicle in this embodiment has the following operating modes;

[0078] 1. Pure electric drive: When a vehicle is in pure electric drive mode, there are two states: single motor drive and dual motor drive.

[0079] Single-motor drive: The power of the drive motor is transmitted through the drive motor input shaft. The drive gear on the drive motor input shaft meshes with the third gear of the intermediate shaft, transmitting the power to the intermediate shaft. The first gear on the intermediate shaft meshes with the differential main reduction gear, transmitting the power to the differential. Finally, the differential transmits the power to the wheel ends of the vehicle.

[0080] The system utilizes both a drive motor and a generator for power transmission: the drive motor's power is transmitted through its input shaft, where the drive gear meshes with the third gear of the intermediate shaft, transferring power to the intermediate shaft. Simultaneously, when the engine is not running, the planetary carrier of the single planetary gear set remains stationary. Power from the generator is transmitted through the sun gear of the single planetary gear set, and through the planetary transmission system, the external gear of the ring gear meshes with the second gear of the intermediate shaft, transmitting power to the intermediate shaft. The first gear of the intermediate shaft then meshes with the differential's main reduction gear, and finally, the differential transmits power to the vehicle's wheels.

[0081] 2. E-CVT drive:

[0082] Engine power is input through the planetary carrier of a single planetary gear set, and speed is regulated by the EM1 generator connected to the sun gear to achieve output from the ring gear. The external gear of the ring gear meshes with the second gear on the intermediate shaft, transmitting power to the intermediate shaft. Simultaneously, the power of the drive motor EM2 is transmitted to the intermediate shaft through the drive gear on the input shaft of the drive motor meshing with the third gear on the intermediate shaft. Finally, after the engine power and drive motor power are combined on the intermediate shaft, they are transmitted through the first gear meshing with the driven wheel of the main reduction gear, and then through the differential to the wheel ends of the vehicle, driving the vehicle to drive in E-CVT mode.

[0083] The engine power is distributed through the planetary gear system to the ring gear and the sun gear. Its mechanical power is then transmitted to the intermediate shaft via the meshing of the external gear and the second gear on the ring gear. Simultaneously, the power from the power motor EM2 is transmitted to the intermediate shaft via the meshing of the drive gear and the third gear on the input shaft of the drive motor, transmitting electric driving force. Finally, the engine power and electric driving force converge on the intermediate shaft and are transmitted through the meshing of the first gear and the driven gear of the main reduction gear, ultimately reaching the vehicle's wheels via the differential. During this process, the generator connected to the sun gear regulates the speed of the planetary gear system, achieving stepless speed regulation of the planetary gear set.

[0084] 3. Engine direct drive: Engine direct drive has two states: direct drive state and overdrive state. In direct drive state, electricity is generated; in overdrive state, electricity is generated.

[0085] Direct drive mode:

[0086] Engine power is input through the planet carrier of a single planetary gear set, and output through the sun gear / ring gear of the same set connected to the generator. When the synchronizer engages the sun gear and ring gear of the single planetary gear set, the single planetary gear set becomes a single unit, and its planetary transmission system has a gear ratio of 1. At this time, engine power is input through its planet carrier, directly transmitted to the intermediate shaft via the external gear of the ring gear and the second gear of the intermediate shaft. The first gear of the intermediate shaft then engages with the differential's main reduction gear, transmitting power to the differential, and finally, through the differential, to the vehicle's wheels. In this mode, the vehicle operates in direct-drive mode.

[0087] Overdrive mode:

[0088] Engine power is input through the planet carrier of a single planetary gear set, and output through the sun gear / ring gear of the same set connected to the generator. A synchronizer engages the sun gear of the single planetary gear set with the EM1 generator housing, effectively fixing the sun gear in place. At this time, engine power is input through its planet carrier, transmitted via the planetary transmission system, where the external gear of the ring gear meshes with the second gear on the intermediate shaft, transmitting power to the intermediate shaft. The first gear on the intermediate shaft then transmits power to the differential via the differential's main reduction gear, and finally, the differential transmits power to the vehicle's wheels. In this state, the vehicle is driving in engine overdrive mode.

[0089] Generator generates electricity when the engine is in direct drive mode:

[0090] In direct drive mode, power is input through the planetary carrier of the single planetary gear set, which becomes a single unit. With a system gear ratio of 1, power is directly transmitted to the intermediate shaft via the external gear of the ring gear of the single planetary gear set meshing with the second gear of the intermediate shaft. The power is then transmitted to the differential via the first gear of the intermediate shaft and the differential's main reduction gear, and finally to the vehicle's wheels through the differential. When the battery power is insufficient, the sun gear of the single planetary gear set can also drive the rotor of the drive motor to rotate, thereby generating electricity.

[0091] In direct drive mode, the generator and drive motor generate electricity.

[0092] In direct drive mode, power is input through the planetary carrier of the single planetary gear set, which becomes a single unit. With a system gear ratio of 1, power is directly transmitted to the intermediate shaft via the external gear of the ring gear of the single planetary gear set meshing with the second gear of the intermediate shaft. From there, the power is transmitted to the differential via the first gear of the intermediate shaft and the differential's main reduction gear, and then to the vehicle's wheels via the differential. When the battery power is insufficient, the sun gear of the single planetary gear set can drive the drive motor rotor to rotate, thereby generating electricity. Simultaneously, because the third gear of the intermediate shaft meshes with the drive gear of the drive motor's input shaft, the power transmitted to the intermediate shaft is transmitted through the meshing of the third gear of the intermediate shaft with the drive gear of the drive motor's input shaft, thus driving the drive motor to generate electricity via the drive motor's input shaft.

[0093] In direct drive mode, the engine drives the motor to generate electricity.

[0094] In direct drive mode, power is input through the planetary carrier of the single planetary gear set, which becomes a single unit. With a system gear ratio of 1, power is directly transmitted to the intermediate shaft via the external gear of the ring gear of the single planetary gear set meshing with the second gear of the intermediate shaft. The power is then transmitted to the differential via the first gear of the intermediate shaft and the differential's main reduction gear, and finally to the vehicle's wheels via the differential. Simultaneously, because the third gear of the intermediate shaft meshes with the drive gear of the drive motor's input shaft, when the battery power is insufficient, the power transmitted to the intermediate shaft is transmitted through the engagement of the third gear of the intermediate shaft with the drive gear of the drive motor's input shaft. This drives the drive motor to generate electricity.

[0095] The engine drives the motor to generate electricity in overdrive mode:

[0096] In overdrive mode, engine power is input through the planetary carrier of the single planetary gear set. With the sun gear stationary, power is transmitted through the planetary transmission system. The external gear of the ring gear of the single planetary gear set meshes with the second gear of the intermediate shaft, transmitting power to the intermediate shaft. The first gear of the intermediate shaft then transmits power to the differential via the differential's main reduction gear, and finally to the vehicle's wheels. Simultaneously, because the third gear of the intermediate shaft meshes with the drive gear of the drive motor input shaft, when the battery power is low, the power transmitted to the intermediate shaft is transmitted through the engagement of the third gear with the drive gear of the drive motor input shaft. This drives the drive motor to generate electricity.

[0097] 4. Parallel drive: There are two states: engine direct drive and electric motor drive in parallel, and engine overdrive and electric motor drive in parallel.

[0098] Engine direct drive and electric motor in parallel:

[0099] In direct drive mode, engine power is input through the planetary carrier of the single planetary gear set, which becomes a single unit. The external gear of the ring gear of the single planetary gear set meshes with the second gear of the intermediate shaft, transmitting engine power to the intermediate shaft. At this time, the vehicle is in direct drive mode. Simultaneously, because the third gear of the intermediate shaft meshes with the drive gear of the drive motor input shaft, when the battery has sufficient charge, the drive motor transmits electric drive force to the intermediate shaft through the drive gear of the drive motor input shaft meshing with the third gear of the intermediate shaft. Finally, after the engine power and electric drive force converge on the intermediate shaft, they are transmitted through the first gear of the intermediate shaft meshing with the differential's final reduction gear, transmitting power to the differential. The differential then transmits power to the wheels of the vehicle, achieving parallel transmission.

[0100] Engine overdrive and electric motor in parallel:

[0101] In overdrive mode, engine power is input through the planetary carrier of the single planetary gear set. With the sun gear fixed, power is transmitted to the intermediate shaft via the planetary transmission system. The external gear of the ring gear of the single planetary gear set meshes with the second gear of the intermediate shaft, transmitting power to the intermediate shaft. At this time, the vehicle is driving in engine overdrive mode. Simultaneously, because the third gear of the intermediate shaft meshes with the drive gear of the drive motor input shaft, when the battery has sufficient charge, the drive motor transmits electric drive force to the intermediate shaft through the drive gear of the drive motor input shaft meshing with the third gear of the intermediate shaft. Finally, after the engine power and electric drive force converge on the intermediate shaft, they are transmitted through the first gear of the intermediate shaft meshing with the differential's final reduction gear, transmitting power to the differential. The differential then transmits power to the wheels of the vehicle, achieving parallel transmission.

[0102] 5. Series drive: When driving at low speeds or when the battery is low, a series drive state exists.

[0103] Power is input through the planetary carrier of the single planetary gear set. In direct drive mode, the single planetary gear set becomes a single unit, and the output is directly from the sun gear of the single planetary gear set to generate electricity for the EM1 generator, converting the engine's mechanical energy into electrical energy. The electrical energy is stored in the drive battery or directly supplied to the power motor, which drives the wheels.

[0104] 6. Regenerative braking:

[0105] The braking energy of the wheels is transmitted through the differential. The main reduction gear of the differential meshes with the first gear of the intermediate shaft, which transmits the power to the intermediate shaft. The first gear of the intermediate shaft meshes with the drive gear of the drive motor input shaft, which drives the drive motor to generate electricity, thus completing the recovery of braking energy.

[0106] 7. Power generation during shutdown: When the battery power is insufficient, there is a power generation shutdown state.

[0107] When the vehicle is stationary and the engine is started, its power is input to the planet carrier of the single planetary gear set. Since the vehicle is stationary, the ring gear of the single planetary gear set is fixed. Under the action of the planetary transmission system, the multiple planet gears connected to the planet carrier of the single planetary gear set drive the sun gear of the single planetary gear set to rotate. In turn, the rotation of the sun gear of the single planetary gear set drives the connected generator to generate electricity using its EM1 generator.

[0108] 8. Reversing position:

[0109] The drive motor directly drives the vehicle. Its power is transmitted through the drive motor input shaft. The drive gear on the drive motor input shaft meshes with the third gear of the intermediate shaft to transmit the power to the intermediate shaft. The first gear on the intermediate shaft meshes with the differential main reduction gear to transmit the power to the differential. Then, the differential transmits the power to the wheel ends of the vehicle to achieve reverse driving.

[0110] As described above, the single planetary gear set electric drive hybrid system and hybrid vehicle of this invention, through the integrated design of components, achieve planetary transmission function by inputting engine power through the planetary carrier and outputting it through the ring gear or sun gear of the single planetary gear set. The connection and disconnection between the ring gear and sun gear of the single planetary gear set are achieved through the shift actuator, enabling direct engine drive, power splitting, and series-parallel operation. The system maintains series-parallel operation for low-to-medium speed pure electric power, power splitting for medium-to-high speeds, and direct engine drive under economical conditions, thereby fully utilizing the efficiency of the power system, effectively reducing the overall axial and radial dimensions, resulting in greater torque density and wider and more flexible vehicle adaptability.

[0111] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single planetary gearbox and electric drive hybrid power system, characterized in that, include: Single planetary gear set, shift actuator, drive motor input shaft, intermediate shaft and differential; The single planetary gear set includes a planet carrier, a sun gear, and a ring gear. The planetary carrier is used to connect the engine; The sun gear is used to connect to the generator; The gear ring is used to connect the intermediate shaft; The shift actuator is used to selectively connect the sun gear to the ring gear or to the EM1 housing; One end of the drive motor input shaft is connected to the drive motor, and the other end is equipped with a drive gear; The intermediate shaft is equipped with multiple gears, including a first gear, a second gear, and a third gear; The differential is equipped with a main reduction driven gear for connecting the wheel ends; The intermediate shaft meshes with the main reduction driven gear of the differential via the first gear, the second gear meshes with the external gear of the gear ring, and the third gear meshes with the driving gear of the drive motor input shaft.

2. The single planetary gearbox and electric drive hybrid power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planet carrier is provided with multiple planet gears, which are constantly meshed with the ring gear and the sun gear.

3. The single planetary gearbox and electric drive hybrid power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shifting actuator includes a synchronizer hub and a synchronizer sleeve. The synchronizer hub is connected to the sun gear, and the synchronizer sleeve is slidable on the synchronizer hub for selectively engaging with the external spline of the gear ring or the external spline of the EM1 housing.

4. The single planetary gearbox and electric drive hybrid power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shifting actuator may be a synchronizer, a sliding sleeve, or a clutch.

5. The single planetary gearbox and electric drive hybrid power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system is configured to achieve a pure electric drive mode, wherein: In single-motor drive, the power of the drive motor is transmitted to the intermediate shaft through the drive motor input shaft, and then to the wheel ends through the differential; In dual-motor drive, the generator's power is transmitted to the intermediate shaft through the planet carrier, sun gear, and ring gear of the planetary gear set. The power transmitted to the intermediate shaft by the drive motor is then combined with the power transmitted to the intermediate shaft and transmitted to the wheel ends through the differential. The second and third gears of the intermediate shaft can be combined into one gear, which simultaneously meshes with the external gear of the gear ring and the drive gear of the input shaft of the drive motor.

6. The single planetary gearbox and electric drive hybrid power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system is configured to implement E-CVT mode, in which engine power is input through the planetary carrier, and the generator connected to the sun gear achieves the output of the ring gear of a single planetary gear set through electronically controlled stepless speed regulation, transmitting power to the intermediate shaft; at the same time, the power of the drive motor is transmitted to the intermediate shaft through the drive motor input shaft; finally, after the engine power and the drive motor power are combined at the intermediate shaft, they are transmitted to the wheel ends through the differential, realizing stepless speed regulation mode.

7. The single planetary gearbox and electric drive hybrid power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system is configured to implement an engine direct drive mode, wherein: In direct drive mode, the shift actuator connects the sun gear to the ring gear, causing the planetary gear set to rotate as a whole. Engine power is output to the intermediate shaft through the ring gear and then transmitted to the wheel ends through the differential. In overdrive mode, the shift actuator connects the sun gear to the EM1 housing. With the sun gear fixed, the engine power is output to the intermediate shaft through the gear ring and then transmitted to the wheel ends through the differential.

8. The single planetary gearbox and electric drive hybrid power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system is configured to achieve a parallel drive mode, in which the engine and drive motor simultaneously provide power. Engine power is transmitted to the intermediate shaft via a planetary gear set, and drive motor power is transmitted to the intermediate shaft via the drive motor input shaft. The engine power and drive motor power converge on the intermediate shaft and are then transmitted to the wheel ends via a differential; or The system is configured to achieve a series drive mode, in which engine power is input through the planetary carrier. In direct drive mode, the planetary gear set rotates as a whole, and the sun gear outputs power to the generator to generate electricity. The electrical energy supplies the drive motor to achieve electric drive of the wheels.

9. A hybrid vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the single planetary gearbox and electric drive hybrid power system as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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