Fabricated avalanche diversion device and regulation and control method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of geological disaster prevention and control, and particularly discloses an assembly type avalanche diversion device and a regulation and control method.The assembly type avalanche diversion device comprises a plurality of diversion units arranged in a graded mode along an avalanche migration route, and each diversion unit comprises a snow breaking pile used for dividing avalanche bodies; the snow guide net is connected to the downstream side of the snow breaking pile and is used for guiding and draining the shunted avalanche body; the snow guide supporting pile is used for supporting the snow guide net; wherein the snow breaking pile, the snow guiding net and the snow guiding supporting pile are detachably connected with one another. According to the invention, avalanche impact can be guided and weakened on the snowy slope, and threats to slope toe buildings or projects are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological disaster prevention and control technology, specifically to a prefabricated avalanche diversion device and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Avalanches, a common natural disaster in mountainous areas, are characterized by their sudden occurrence, rapid movement, and powerful impact, posing a serious threat to mountain roads, railways, villages, and various infrastructures. Traditional avalanche protection projects, such as the construction of large-scale earth-rock or concrete retaining walls and barrier dams, while providing some protection, have significant limitations. These permanent structures typically have long construction periods, large project volumes, and high costs, and can cause irreparable damage to mountain slopes and native vegetation, which is inconsistent with the current concept of sustainable development in ecological protection. Furthermore, traditional rigid structures are easily damaged after being subjected to the enormous impact of an avalanche, and repair is difficult and maintenance costs are high.

[0003] More importantly, existing technologies largely focus on complete, "head-to-head" blocking, lacking flexible control methods for effectively guiding and gradually dissipating avalanche energy and movement paths. This passive defense approach has limited effectiveness in the face of large-scale avalanches and cannot be scientifically and quantitatively designed based on specific slope topography and avalanche movement characteristics, resulting in insufficient protection precision and reliability. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a new type of avalanche protection device and method that can effectively divert and dissipate energy, reduce threats to the slope toe, minimize ecological impact, and facilitate rapid maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a prefabricated avalanche diversion device and control method, which aims to guide and weaken the impact of avalanches on snow-covered slopes and reduce the threat to buildings or projects at the foot of the slope.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a prefabricated avalanche diversion device, comprising multiple diversion units arranged in stages along the avalanche transport route, each of the diversion units comprising:

[0006] Snow-breaking stakes are used to divert avalanche masses;

[0007] Snow guide netting, connected to the downstream side of the snow-breaking piles, is used to guide and divert the avalanche body after it has been diverted.

[0008] Snow guide support piles are used to provide support for the snow guide net;

[0009] The snow-breaking piles, the snow-guiding net, and the snow-guiding support piles are detachably connected to each other.

[0010] This solution transforms the frontal impact of an avalanche into lateral diversion and frictional energy dissipation through the synergistic effect of snow-breaking piles, snow-guiding nets, and snow-guiding support piles. It changes the traditional passive resistance mode of rigid structures and achieves active control over the avalanche movement path and energy release process. It can guide and weaken the avalanche impact on snow-covered slopes and reduce the threat to buildings or projects at the foot of the slope.

[0011] The graded diversion units deployed along the transport route can divert and dissipate the avalanche mass multiple times and gradually. All core components (snow-breaking piles, snow guide nets, and support piles) can adopt standardized, prefabricated modular designs and are detachable from each other. This greatly reduces the construction difficulty, time, and cost in complex mountain environments, achieving lightweight engineering. When any component (especially the vulnerable snow guide net) is damaged in an avalanche impact, there is no need for overall dismantling or large-scale repair; the damaged module can be quickly located and replaced individually, greatly reducing the engineering intensity, time, and economic costs of later maintenance, and improving the overall life-cycle benefits of the project. Furthermore, the prefabricated structure has relatively low foundation requirements, and the component size facilitates transportation in mountainous areas. Its detachable nature also means that during non-avalanche seasons or after the project's lifespan, the original site can be restored to the maximum extent, achieving harmonious coexistence between the avalanche prevention project and the natural environment.

[0012] In addition, compared with building large concrete retaining walls or earth-rock dams, this device greatly reduces the excavation of slope soil, damage to vegetation and permanent changes in topography, which is in line with the concept of eco-friendly engineering.

[0013] Furthermore, the snow-breaking stake includes a snow-breaking stake body and a snow-breaking stake hanging ring, the snow-breaking stake hanging ring being connected to one side of the snow-breaking stake body; the snow guide net includes a snow guide net body and anti-detachment hooks, the anti-detachment hooks being connected to both sides of the snow guide net body; the snow guide support stake includes a support stake body and a support stake hanging ring, the support stake hanging rings being connected to both sides of the support stake body; the anti-detachment hooks on both sides of the snow guide net body can be detachably hung on the snow-breaking stake hanging ring and the support stake hanging ring, respectively.

[0014] This design simplifies complex on-site connections to a simple hook-and-suspension action. Construction workers can quickly and reliably align and connect the three core components on a slope without the need for special tools or complex processes, greatly improving construction efficiency and lowering the technical barrier to installation.

[0015] Furthermore, the snow guide support pile also includes a pile cap, and the bottom of the support pile body is connected to the pile cap.

[0016] In this design, the pile cap can serve as an extension of the snow guide support pile, which helps maintain the stability of the main support pile and prevents the snow guide support pile from overturning under the lateral impact of an avalanche.

[0017] Furthermore, multiple snow-breaking pile hanging rings are provided, and these multiple snow-breaking pile hanging rings are distributed sequentially at intervals along the height direction of the snow-breaking pile body; multiple anti-detachment hooks are provided on both sides of the snow guide net body, and these multiple anti-detachment hooks are distributed sequentially at intervals along the height direction of the snow guide net body; multiple support pile hanging rings are provided on both sides of the support pile body, and these multiple support pile hanging rings are distributed sequentially at intervals along the height direction of the support pile body; the multiple anti-detachment hooks on both sides of the snow guide net body can be connected to the multiple snow-breaking pile hanging rings and the multiple support pile hanging rings respectively.

[0018] Multiple spaced connection points can distribute the avalanche impact force more evenly from the snow guide net to the entire height range of the snow breaking piles and snow guide support piles, avoiding excessive stress concentration at a single connection point. This significantly reduces the risk of overload failure of a single hook or ring, and improves the reliability and durability of the overall connection.

[0019] Furthermore, a guide portion is connected to the end of the snow-breaking pile body away from the snow-breaking pile hanging ring, and the two sides of the guide portion are inclined to each other.

[0020] The inclined guide section physically forms a natural flow-guiding surface similar to a "fish mouth" or a "wedge". When the avalanche impacts head-on, this inclined surface can make contact with the snow earlier and more smoothly, and use its inclination angle to efficiently decompose and convert the normal impact force from the front into lateral forces that deflect the avalanche to both sides, significantly reducing the rigid drag of direct impact, thereby fundamentally improving the efficiency and smoothness of the initial diversion.

[0021] The angle and direction of the two inclined surfaces can be precisely designed to match the preset avalanche splitting angle. This ensures that from the moment of impact, the avalanche body is forcibly and controllably guided in a predetermined direction (usually to the sides of the avalanche path), laying a precise initial flow field for the subsequent snow guide net and avoiding random splashing or swirling caused by the avalanche impacting irregular piles. Unlike the vertical end face directly bearing the huge instantaneous impact, the inclined guide section makes the impact effect more manifest as the sliding and shearing of the snow body along the inclined surface. This process greatly reduces the instantaneous peak impact pressure acting on the main body of the snow-breaking pile, fundamentally avoiding problems such as pile head crushing or excessive root bending moment caused by stress concentration.

[0022] An avalanche diversion and control method, using the aforementioned prefabricated avalanche diversion device, includes the following steps:

[0023] S1. Based on the slope topography and avalanche movement characteristics of the target protection area, determine the avalanche transport route and the overall diversion and energy dissipation target to be achieved.

[0024] S2, based on the overall diversion and energy dissipation target, determine the number and location of diversion units to be deployed in stages along both sides of the avalanche transport route, as well as the diversion rate η of each stage of diversion units;

[0025] S3. Based on the design parameters determined in step S2, install the flow guiding unit step by step along the avalanche transport route.

[0026] When the diversion unit is running, the avalanche body impacts the snow-breaking piles at each level in sequence and is diverted. The diverted avalanche body moves along the snow guide net. Through the friction between the avalanche body and the snow guide net, as well as the supporting effect of the snow guide support piles, the energy of the avalanche body is consumed step by step.

[0027] The core of this solution lies in gradually consuming energy rather than ultimately blocking it at the last point. By progressively diverting and decelerating the flow through multiple stages of flow control units, the destructive force is actively and gradually eliminated along the way. This process control mode is more reliable and has a stronger buffering capacity against extreme events than the traditional terminal defense mode.

[0028] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the flow splitting rate η of each stage of the flow guiding unit is as follows: L1 is the width of the avalanche flowing into this stage of the diversion unit, and L2 is the spacing of the snow-breaking piles in this stage of the diversion unit.

[0029] In this scheme, the diversion effect is directly determined by the relative density of the pile spacing relative to the avalanche width. The smaller the ratio, the higher the diversion rate. (The larger the value), during the design phase, engineers can estimate the possible width L1 of avalanches on different slopes based on terrain and avalanche history data, and then use this formula to accurately calculate the required diversion rate to achieve the desired flow rate. The required pile spacing L2, or the evaluation of the diversion effect achievable by a given pile spacing scheme, allows for quantitative prediction and verification of the disaster prevention performance of the engineering scheme before construction, avoiding the uncertainties brought about by design based on intuition.

[0030] During avalanche movement, its width L1 may vary due to terrain widening or contraction. This method allows engineers to use different L2 values ​​along the avalanche path to dynamically match the changing L1, thereby ensuring that each stage of the diversion unit maintains ideal diversion efficiency. This enables optimized control across the entire process.

[0031] By setting incremental diversion rate targets for different levels of diversion units (downstream units require higher targets), To handle narrower avalanche bodies, it can be deduced that the required L2 for each stage should decrease progressively. This provides solid mathematical and logical support for the design requirement of "smaller downstream pile spacing" in the claims, making grading no longer a vague concept, but a calculable and executable quantitative step.

[0032] Furthermore, each stage of the flow guiding unit is provided with two units, and the two guiding units are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the avalanche transport route; the snow-breaking piles and the avalanche transport route have an included angle α.

[0033] The two diversion units are symmetrically arranged, forcing the avalanche body to be evenly divided in two at the initial stage of impact, guiding it to the left and right sides of the path respectively. This avoids the unfavorable situation that may result from unilateral diversion, such as uneven load distribution, overloading on one side while the other side is idle. This allows the two diversion units to work together and balance their energy dissipation tasks, maximizing system efficiency. Furthermore, the symmetrical arrangement on both sides of the avalanche path forms a clear diversion channel or energy release corridor with a defined width. The avalanche body is confined and guided within this corridor, making its flow direction and energy release process highly controllable and predictable, greatly reducing the risk of uncontrollable deviations in the avalanche path (such as heading towards unprotected areas).

[0034] The angle between the snow-breaking stakes and the avalanche path in this plan Design is key to achieving active deflection. This angle makes the impact surface of the snowplow not vertical, but inclined. When the avalanche impacts, the impact force is decomposed, generating a powerful lateral force tangential to the pile surface. This force actively pushes the avalanche to a predetermined lateral direction (i.e., the direction of the snow guide net), rather than relying solely on random splashing after impact.

[0035] This angled design more efficiently converts the avalanche's enormous positive kinetic energy into energy that changes its direction of motion. Compared to vertical collisions (where kinetic energy is mainly converted into internal energy, leading to structural damage), angled collisions dissipate more energy by forcing the avalanche to change direction and accelerate lateral movement, resulting in better energy dissipation and achieving the purpose of diversion.

[0036] Furthermore, along the avalanche transport route, in the downstream diversion unit, the spacing between two snow-breaking piles symmetrically arranged in the same stage is smaller than the spacing between two snow-breaking piles symmetrically arranged in the same stage in the upstream diversion unit.

[0037] In this design, the upstream large-spacing units act like a coarse sieve, diverting and dissipating most of the energy and breaking up the snow mass; the downstream small-spacing units act like a fine sieve, further diverting and refining the energy of any missed or remaining avalanche material. This progressive design avoids concentrating all energy dissipation pressure on a single structure, making the energy dissipation process smoother and more complete, and systematically reducing the residual energy of the avalanche that ultimately reaches the protected target.

[0038] As the pile spacing decreases step by step, the control precision of the avalanche body by the diversion system increases step by step. The upstream diversion unit is mainly responsible for the deflection of the general direction and macroscopic energy reduction; the downstream diversion unit can more precisely control the streamline and final deposition position of the avalanche body, ensuring that it is safely guided to the predetermined deposition area and avoiding threats to the sides or rear of critical facilities.

[0039] Furthermore, the effective height of the snow guide net, snow breaking piles, and snow guide support piles in the diversion unit... The height is determined based on the potential maximum avalanche accumulation height or impact height of the target protection area.

[0040] This scheme mandates that the maximum historical avalanche height or the theoretically calculated maximum potential avalanche height in the region be used as the design benchmark, fundamentally eliminating systemic protection failures caused by insufficient design height and ensuring the functional reliability of the device when dealing with design benchmark events. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the flow guiding unit of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the fish-mouth type snow-breaking pile of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic top view of the fish-mouth type snow-breaking pile of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the snow guide net of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the snow guide support pile of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a top view schematic diagram of the snow guide support pile of the present invention.

[0048] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0049] Snow slope 1, snow breaking pile 2, snow breaking pile body 201, snow breaking pile hanging ring 202, snow guide net 3, snow guide net body 301, anti-fall hook 302, snow guide support pile 4, support pile body 401, support pile hanging ring 402, pile cap 403, avalanche transport route 5, avalanche diversion and transport route 6. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0051] As one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a prefabricated avalanche diversion device, including multiple diversion units arranged in stages along the avalanche transport route 5. The diversion units are installed step-by-step on the snow slope 1, and each diversion unit includes:

[0052] Snow-breaking stake 2 is used to divert avalanche material;

[0053] Snow guide net 3, connected to the downstream side of snow breaking pile 2, is used to guide and divert the avalanche body after diversion;

[0054] Snow guide support pile 4 is used to provide support for snow guide net 3;

[0055] Among them, the snow-breaking pile 2, the snow guide net 3 and the snow guide support pile 4 are detachably connected to each other.

[0056] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the snow-breaking pile 2 includes a snow-breaking pile body 201 and a snow-breaking pile hanging ring 202. The snow-breaking pile hanging ring 202 is connected to one side of the snow-breaking pile body 201. In this embodiment, multiple snow-breaking pile hanging rings 202 are provided, and the multiple snow-breaking pile hanging rings 202 are distributed sequentially at intervals along the height direction of the snow-breaking pile body 201.

[0057] like Figure 4 As shown, the snow guide net 3 includes a snow guide net body 301 and anti-detachment hooks 302. The anti-detachment hooks 302 are connected to both sides of the snow guide net body 301. In this embodiment, multiple anti-detachment hooks 302 are provided on both sides of the snow guide net body 301. The multiple anti-detachment hooks 302 are distributed at intervals along the height direction of the snow guide net body 301.

[0058] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the snow guide support pile 4 includes a support pile body 401 and a support pile hanging ring 402. The support pile body 401 is connected to both sides of the support pile hanging ring 402. In this embodiment, multiple support pile hanging rings 402 are provided on both sides of the support pile body 401, and the multiple support pile hanging rings 402 are distributed sequentially at intervals along the height direction of the support pile body 401. The anti-detachment hooks 302 on both sides of the snow guide net body 301 can be detachably hung on the snow breaking pile hanging ring 202 and the support pile hanging ring 402, respectively. In this embodiment, there are seven snow breaking pile hanging rings 202, seven anti-detachment hooks 302 on both sides of the snow guide net body 301, and seven support pile hanging rings 402 on both sides of the support pile body 401. The seven anti-detachment hooks 302 on both sides of the snow guide net body 301 can be connected to the seven snow breaking pile hanging rings 202 and the seven support pile hanging rings 402, respectively, thereby realizing the detachable connection between the snow breaking pile 2, the snow guide net 3 and the support pile.

[0059] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the snow guide support pile 4 also includes a pile cap 403, and the bottom of the support pile body 401 is connected to the pile cap 403. In this embodiment, the effective height of the snow guide support pile 4 is... The height is 4m, the radius R of the supporting pile body is 0.25m, the pile cap 403 has a cuboid structure, and the height c of the pile cap 403 is 2m, the width b is 2m, and the length a is 3m.

[0060] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, a guide portion is connected to the end of the snow-breaking pile body 201 away from the snow-breaking pile hanging ring 202. In this embodiment, the guide portion is integrally formed with the snow-breaking pile body 201, and the two sides of the guide portion are inclined to each other. Specifically, in this embodiment, the cross-section of the snow-breaking pile body 201 is a square structure, the effective height h of the snow-breaking pile 2 is 4m, and its width is... The length is 2m (i.e., the total length of the snow-breaking pile body 201 and the guide part is 2m). In this embodiment, the end of the guide part away from the snow-breaking pile body 201 is an arc surface tangent to it. The length between the point of tangency between this arc surface and the guide part and the snow-breaking pile body 201 is... In this embodiment, the snow-breaking pile 2 is formed into a fish-mouth structure, which has a good guiding and diversion effect.

[0061] like Figure 4 As shown, the effective height of the snow guide net 3 in this embodiment is... It is 4m long and 5m wide.

[0062] The flow guiding unit, which is composed of fish-mouth type snow-breaking piles 2, snow guiding nets 3 and snow guiding support piles 4, is deployed step by step along the avalanche movement path.

[0063] In another embodiment, an avalanche diversion control method, using a prefabricated avalanche diversion device from the above embodiments, includes the following steps:

[0064] S1. Based on the slope topography and avalanche movement characteristics of the target protection area, determine the avalanche transport route 5 and the overall diversion and energy dissipation target to be achieved. In this embodiment, the slope refers to the snow-covered slope 1. The snow-covered slope 1 is a slope that can form snow accumulation on the slope under snowfall conditions and has the potential to generate avalanche hazards.

[0065] S2, based on the overall diversion and energy dissipation target, determines the number and location of diversion units to be deployed in stages along both sides of the avalanche transport route, as well as the diversion rate of each stage of diversion units. ;

[0066] S3, Based on the design parameters determined in step S2, install guide units step by step along the avalanche transport route;

[0067] When the diversion unit is operating, the avalanche material is diverted by impacting snow-breaking piles at each level. The diverted avalanche material then moves along the snow guide net. Through friction between the avalanche material and the snow guide net, as well as the supporting effect of the snow guide support piles, the energy of the avalanche material is gradually dissipated. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the diversion units are arranged in an arc along the avalanche diversion and transport route 6.

[0068] In one embodiment, the shunting rate of each stage of the flow guiding unit is... The calculation formula is: L1 is the width of the avalanche flowing into this stage of the diversion unit, and L2 is the spacing of the snow-breaking piles in this stage of the diversion unit; diversion rate The calculation needs to be based on the actual situation of the fish-mouth type snowplows being contacted, because the spacing of the fish-mouth type snowplows and the width of the avalanche movement will change as the avalanche moves downward.

[0069] To ensure that avalanches do not threaten buildings or engineering structures at the foot of the slope, calculations can be made backwards based on the actual slope conditions. The value of, and thus based on Design the installation location of the flow guiding unit.

[0070] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, each stage of the flow diversion unit has two units, and the two guiding units are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the avalanche transport route; the snow-breaking piles have an angle α with the avalanche transport route, which is used to divert the avalanche.

[0071] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, along the avalanche transport route 5, in the downstream guide unit, the distance between two snow-breaking piles symmetrically arranged in the same level is less than the distance between two snow-breaking piles symmetrically arranged in the same level in the upstream guide unit. That is, in two adjacent guide units, the distance between two downstream snow-breaking piles is less than the distance between two upstream snow-breaking piles, L2 > L3.

[0072] In one embodiment, to ensure effective avalanche guidance, the effective height h of the snow guide net, snow breaking pile, and snow guide support pile in the deflection unit is determined based on the potential maximum avalanche accumulation height or impact height of the target protection area.

[0073] In one embodiment, the stepwise energy dissipation occurs after the avalanche is diverted by the fish-mouth type snow-breaking piles. During the process of guiding the avalanche, the snow guide net dissipates the energy of the avalanche through the friction between the avalanche and the snow guide net, while the snow guide support piles provide support force and bending moment.

[0074] In this embodiment, the design of the snow guide support pile needs to meet the requirement that its maximum bending moment Mmax is greater than or equal to the bending moment generated by the avalanche impact. The formula for calculating the maximum bending moment provided by the snow guide support pile is as follows: ,in The maximum bending moment provided for the snow guide support piles R is the bending strength of the snow guide support pile material, R is the radius of the snow guide support pile, and π is pi.

[0075] The design of snow guide support piles must meet the requirement that the minimum support force F they provide is greater than or equal to the lateral force generated by the avalanche impact. The formula for calculating F is: ,in Let F be the cantilever protrusion height of the snow guide support pile, and F be the minimum support force that the snow guide support pile can provide.

[0076] It should be noted that the above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A prefabricated avalanche diversion device, characterized in that, This includes multiple diversion units deployed in stages along the avalanche transport route, each of which includes: Snow-breaking stakes are used to divert avalanche masses; Snow guide netting, connected to the downstream side of the snow-breaking piles, is used to guide and divert the avalanche body after it has been diverted. Snow guide support piles are used to provide support for the snow guide net; The snow-breaking piles, the snow-guiding net, and the snow-guiding support piles are detachably connected to each other.

2. The prefabricated avalanche diversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The snow-breaking stake includes a snow-breaking stake body and a snow-breaking stake hanging ring, the snow-breaking stake hanging ring being connected to one side of the snow-breaking stake body; the snow guide net includes a snow guide net body and anti-detachment hooks, the anti-detachment hooks being connected to both sides of the snow guide net body; the snow guide support stake includes a support stake body and a support stake hanging ring, the support stake hanging rings being connected to both sides of the support stake body; the anti-detachment hooks on both sides of the snow guide net body can be detachably hung on the snow-breaking stake hanging ring and the support stake hanging ring, respectively.

3. The prefabricated avalanche diversion device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The snow guide support pile also includes a pile cap, and the bottom of the support pile body is connected to the pile cap.

4. The prefabricated avalanche diversion device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The snow-breaking pile has multiple hanging rings, which are distributed at intervals along the height direction of the snow-breaking pile body; the snow guide net body has multiple anti-detachment hooks on both sides, which are distributed at intervals along the height direction of the snow guide net body; the support pile body has multiple hanging rings on both sides, which are distributed at intervals along the height direction of the support pile body; the multiple anti-detachment hooks on both sides of the snow guide net body can be connected to the multiple snow-breaking pile hanging rings and the multiple support pile hanging rings respectively.

5. A prefabricated avalanche diversion device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The snow-breaking pile body is connected to a guide part at the end away from the snow-breaking pile hanging ring, and the two sides of the guide part are inclined to each other.

6. An avalanche diversion control method, characterized in that, Using the prefabricated avalanche diversion device according to any one of claims 1-5 includes the following steps: S1. Based on the slope topography and avalanche movement characteristics of the target protection area, determine the avalanche transport route and the overall diversion and energy dissipation target to be achieved. S2, based on the overall diversion and energy dissipation target, determine the number and location of diversion units to be deployed in stages along both sides of the avalanche transport route, as well as the diversion rate η of each stage of diversion units; S3. Based on the design parameters determined in step S2, install the flow guiding unit step by step along the avalanche transport route. When the diversion unit is running, the avalanche body impacts the snow-breaking piles at each level in sequence and is diverted. The diverted avalanche body moves along the snow guide net. Through the friction between the avalanche body and the snow guide net, as well as the supporting effect of the snow guide support piles, the energy of the avalanche body is consumed step by step.

7. The avalanche diversion and control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flow diversion rate of each stage of the flow guiding unit The calculation formula is: L1 is the width of the avalanche flowing into this stage of the diversion unit, and L2 is the spacing of the snow-breaking piles in this stage of the diversion unit.

8. The avalanche diversion and control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Two of the flow guiding units are provided at each stage, and the two guiding units are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the avalanche transport route; there is an angle α between the snow-breaking pile and the avalanche transport route.

9. The avalanche diversion and control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Along the avalanche transport route, in the downstream diversion unit, the spacing between two snow-breaking piles symmetrically arranged in the same stage is smaller than the spacing between two snow-breaking piles symmetrically arranged in the same stage in the upstream diversion unit.

10. The avalanche diversion and control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The effective height of the snow guide net, snow breaking piles, and snow guide support piles in the diversion unit The height is determined based on the potential maximum avalanche accumulation height or impact height of the target protection area.

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