Electromagnetic switch device of starter, starter assembly and protection control method of starter assembly

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromagnetic switch device of a starter. The electromagnetic switch device comprises a main body, a first coil and a second coil are installed in the main body, a movable iron core is arranged on the main body in a sliding and penetrating mode, a power side terminal and a motor side terminal are arranged on the main body, a static contact is installed at one end of the power side terminal and one end of the motor side terminal, the electromagnetic switch device further comprises a control unit, a detection unit and an electronic switch, and the detection unit comprises a first temperature acquisition module; the control unit compares the collected temperature of the static contact with a set temperature and controls the conduction state of the electronic switch. On the basis of an existing electromagnetic switch structure of the starter, a control unit, a detection unit and an electronic switch are integrated in the device, and a first temperature acquisition module is adopted to monitor the temperature of a static contact, so that the working state of the starter is automatically monitored, and protection operation is triggered by controlling the electronic switch. The invention further discloses a starter assembly and a protection control method of the starter.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electromagnetic control of starter, in particular to an electromagnetic switch device of starter, a starter assembly and a protection control method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The conventional 12V / 24V starter is responsible for converting the electric energy of the storage battery into mechanical energy to drive the flywheel disc of the engine through the pinion gear to start the engine. The electromagnetic switch of the conventional starter generally includes a pull-in coil, a holding coil, a moving iron core, a return spring, a moving contact, an M terminal bolt and a B terminal bolt. The ignition switch is started to make the starter work. The electromagnetic switch is controlled by the relay to be powered on. The pull-in coil and the holding coil are simultaneously turned on to control the moving iron core to move to make the moving contact contact the terminal bolt. At this time, the starter circuit is connected and starts to work. The pull-in coil of the conventional electromagnetic switch is connected with the relay and the M terminal bolt, and the holding coil is connected with the relay and the shell. Before the moving contact contacts the two terminal bolts to be turned on, the pull-in coil is powered on to make the moving iron core move. After the moving contact contacts the two terminal bolts, since the pull-in coil is at the same potential at this time, there is no effective current in the pull-in coil. When the relay is disconnected, the holding coil is powered off. The moving iron core returns to the original position under the action of the return spring. The moving contact resets to disconnect the circuit, and the starter stops working.

[0003] The starter is open-loop controlled. The driver operates the ignition key to start the starter. However, when the starter itself has problems (such as internal short circuit, sticking, relay sticking, etc.) or the engine has problems (such as not normal ignition, sticking in the cylinder, large resistance, etc.), the driver cannot perceive and effectively control. When the above abnormal conditions occur, the driver generally selects continuous ignition because he cannot effectively start the vehicle, so that the starter is powered on for a long time or still runs under heavy load, which eventually leads to the occurrence of faults such as burning of internal insulation of the starter, short circuit, rotor throwing, etc. In severe cases, it may even smoke and catch fire. In some cases, unskilled drivers cannot turn off the ignition switch in time when the starter may have faults (such as top teeth, milled teeth, reverse dragging, etc.), which also easily causes early failure or reduced life of the starter.

[0004] The conventional way generally adopts adding a fuse link in the main circuit of the motor for protection, but this way only serves as the last protection means for preventing short circuit fire and cannot effectively cope with other abnormal conditions under extreme working conditions, and once the starter motor is fused, it will be scrapped and cannot be used again. To solve the above problems, other overheat protection structures have appeared on the market, for example, a starter motor with overheat protection function disclosed in authorization announcement No. CN219622795U, which adds a mechanical temperature control switch on the starter motor carbon brush holder to protect the starter motor from over temperature, but the way of using a bimetallic strip for over temperature protection has slow temperature control and sensing speed, weak reliability, and cannot be intelligently configured for different models and different application conditions. For another example, a starter motor with abnormal working condition self-diagnosis protection function and a car disclosed in publication No. CN115387946A, which controls the relay by delay through sensing the power-on time, and since there is no closed-loop sensing or control mechanism, its protection function is relatively limited.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to propose an electromagnetic switch device of a starter motor, a starter motor assembly and a protection control method thereof which can solve at least one of the above technical problems. SUMMARY

[0006] The electromagnetic switch device of the starter motor provided by the application comprises a main body, a first coil and a second coil are installed in the main body, a moving iron core is slidably arranged on the main body and located inside the first coil, one end of the moving iron core is provided with a moving contact piece, a power supply side terminal and a motor side terminal are arranged on the main body, one end of the power supply side terminal and one end of the motor side terminal are respectively provided with a stationary contact point which is in movable contact with the moving contact piece, a control unit, a detection unit and an electronic switch are further included in the electromagnetic switch device, the detection unit comprises a first temperature acquisition module for acquiring the temperature of the stationary contact point, the electronic switch is arranged between the power supply and one end of the coil of the relay, the first end of the first coil and the first end of the second coil are respectively electrically connected with the relay, the second end of the first coil is electrically connected with the motor side terminal, the second end of the second coil is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the control end of the electronic switch and the first temperature acquisition module are respectively electrically connected with the control unit. The control unit compares the acquired temperature of the stationary contact point with a set temperature and controls the conduction state of the electronic switch.

[0007] By monitoring the temperature of the stationary contact point, the conduction or shutdown of the electronic switch is controlled, and then the on-off state of the second coil circuit is controlled, so that the moving iron core moves to drive the moving contact piece to keep in contact or away from the two stationary contact points, and the starting or stopping of the starter motor is controlled.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages: By integrating a control unit, a detection unit, and an electronic switch into the device based on the existing electromagnetic switch structure of the starter, and using a first temperature acquisition module to monitor the temperature of the stationary contact, the working status of the starter can be automatically monitored and the protection operation can be triggered by controlling the electronic switch. In the event of an abnormality in the starter, the electronic switch can be controlled to shut it off in a timely manner, so that the electromagnetic switch device is disconnected and the starter stops working, thereby achieving the purpose of fault protection.

[0009] According to one example of the present invention, the first temperature acquisition module is located beside the stationary contact.

[0010] According to an example of the present invention, the main body includes a housing, a control base is mounted on one end of the housing, the first coil and the second coil are mounted inside the housing, the moving iron core is slidably disposed on the housing and a return spring is provided between the moving iron core and the housing, one end of the moving iron core with a corresponding moving contact is disposed inside the housing, the power supply side terminal and the motor side terminal are disposed on the control base, a PCB board is mounted inside the control base, and the control unit, electronic switch and first temperature acquisition module are integrated on the PCB board.

[0011] The first temperature acquisition module is integrated on the PCB board of the control base and positioned close to the stationary contact. This integrates the control circuit consisting of the control unit, detection unit, and electronic switch onto the electromagnetic switch device, achieving miniaturization, high integration, low operating cost, and ensuring timely and accurate temperature sampling.

[0012] According to one example of the present invention, the first temperature acquisition module is a thermistor.

[0013] According to an example of the present invention, the control base is provided with a receiving groove, the opening of the receiving groove is provided with a cover plate, the PCB board is installed in the receiving groove, the control base is provided with a plurality of through holes located outside the receiving groove, the power supply side terminal and the motor side terminal are installed on the corresponding through holes, the side wall of the receiving groove and the through holes are connected by a slot, the PCB board is provided with an extension section passing through the side wall of the receiving groove and placed on the slot, the first temperature acquisition module is integrated on the extension section and located beside the end of the power supply side terminal and the motor side terminal that are respectively provided with stationary contacts.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the control base is further provided with lead terminals, the first end of the first coil is electrically connected to the relay via the lead terminals, and the two ends of the electronic switch are respectively connected to one end of the relay coil and the power supply via wires.

[0015] According to one example of the present invention, the detection unit further includes a first voltage acquisition module for acquiring the voltage across the second coil, the first voltage acquisition module being electrically connected to the control unit.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the detection unit further includes a first voltage acquisition module for acquiring the voltage across the second coil and the voltage ripple frequency, the first voltage acquisition module being electrically connected to the control unit.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the detection unit further includes a second voltage acquisition module for acquiring bus voltage, the second voltage acquisition module being electrically connected to the control unit.

[0018] The present invention also provides a starter assembly, including a relay, a motor, and the aforementioned electromagnetic switch device. The coil of the relay is connected in series with an electronic switch and an ignition switch, and then connected to both ends of a power supply. The first contact of the relay is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. The second contact of the relay is electrically connected to one end of the first coil and one end of the second coil, respectively. The power supply side terminal is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. The motor side terminal is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the power supply through the motor. The control unit is electrically connected to both ends of the power supply.

[0019] The present invention also provides a protection control method for a starter motor, comprising the following steps: The starter includes operating modes, normal fault modes, and severe fault modes; In working mode, the temperature T of the stationary contact in the electromagnetic switch device is collected according to a set cycle; When the temperature T of the stationary contact is detected to be greater than or equal to the first set temperature T1, the system enters the normal fault mode and records the number of faults N. After entering the normal fault mode, when the temperature T of the stationary contact is detected to be less than or equal to the second set temperature T2, the system re-enters the working mode. When the number of faults N reaches the first set number N1, or when the temperature T of the static contact is greater than or equal to the first set temperature T1 for a first set duration t1 after the system enters the normal fault mode, the system enters the severe fault mode.

[0020] According to an example of the present invention, the protection control method further includes the following steps: in the working mode, the voltage U across the second coil is collected according to a set cycle, and the temperature collection duration of the stationary contact is recorded; The heating rate of the static contact is obtained based on the collected static contact temperature and the temperature collection time. T; When the voltage U across the second coil is detected to be greater than the first set voltage U1, and the heating rate ∆T of the stationary contact is less than the first set rate... When the time T1 is exceeded and continues to exceed the second set time t2, the system enters the normal fault mode and records the number of faults N. After entering the normal fault mode, when the voltage U across the second coil is detected to be less than the second set voltage U2, the system re-enters the working mode. When the number of failures N reaches the second set number N2, the system enters a severe failure mode; Alternatively, it may include the following steps: in working mode, the voltage U across the second coil is collected according to a set cycle, and the temperature collection duration of the stationary contact is recorded; The heating rate of the static contact is obtained based on the collected static contact temperature and the temperature collection time. T; When the voltage U across the second coil is detected to be greater than the third set voltage U3, and the heating rate ∆T of the stationary contact is greater than the second set rate... When the time T2 continues to exceed the third set time t3, the system enters the normal fault mode and records the number of faults N. After entering the normal fault mode, when the voltage U across the second coil is detected to be less than the second set voltage U2 and the temperature T of the stationary contact is less than or equal to the second set temperature T2, the system re-enters the working mode. When the number of failures N reaches the third set number N3, the system enters a severe failure mode.

[0021] According to an example of the present invention, the protection control method further includes the following steps: in the working mode, the voltage U across the second coil and the voltage ripple frequency Vrpp across the second coil are collected according to a set period, and the temperature collection duration of the stationary contact is recorded; The heating rate of the static contact is obtained based on the collected static contact temperature and the temperature collection time. T; When the voltage U across the second coil is detected to be greater than the first set voltage U1, the voltage ripple frequency Vrpp across the second coil is greater than the first set frequency Vrpp1, and the heating rate of the stationary contact is... T is less than the third set rate When the time exceeds T3 and continues for more than the fourth set time t4, the system enters the normal fault mode and records the number of faults N. After entering the normal fault mode, when the voltage U across the second coil is detected to be less than the second set voltage U2, the system re-enters the working mode. When the number of failures N reaches the fourth preset number N4, the system enters a severe failure mode; Alternatively, it may include the following steps: in the working mode, the voltage U across the second coil and the voltage ripple frequency information Vrpp across the second coil are collected according to a set period; When the voltage U across the second coil is detected to be greater than the third set voltage U3, and the voltage ripple frequency Vrpp across the second coil is greater than the second set frequency Vrpp2, and continues to exceed the fifth set duration t5, the system enters the normal fault mode and records the number of faults N. After entering the normal fault mode, when the voltage U across the second coil is detected to be less than the second set voltage U2, the system re-enters the working mode. When the number of failures N reaches the fifth preset number N5, the system enters a severe failure mode.

[0022] The following benefits can be obtained by adopting this technical solution: By monitoring the temperature of the stationary contact points, the starter motor can be automatically protected against temperature fluctuations and automatically return to working mode after the fault is resolved, ensuring the effective use and reliability of the starter motor. This enables the implementation of some starter protection measures for non-electronically controlled engines.

[0023] By adding a control base to the existing electromagnetic switch structure of the starter, an electronic control unit, electronic switch and detection unit and other electronic control structures can be installed. This allows the vehicle to achieve intelligent protection functions without changing its own circuit and control.

[0024] By combining information such as static contact temperature, voltage across the second coil, voltage ripple frequency, and bus voltage, the operating status of the starter can be indirectly obtained. When an abnormal operating condition occurs in the starter, it can promptly enter a normal fault mode, that is, turn off the electronic switch to disconnect the output side of the control relay, causing the starter to stop working. After the starter stops working, based on the information collected after entering the normal fault mode, it is determined whether it is necessary to re-enter the operating mode, that is, to determine whether it is necessary to re-turn on the electronic switch to restore the output side of the control relay. This will not cause permanent or irreversible damage to the starter, effectively extending the starter's lifespan. By combining different monitoring conditions, it can more effectively avoid various faults encountered in actual use. More effective protection strategies can be adopted according to the differences in different starting conditions (such as ambient temperature, load size, battery quality, engine operating conditions, etc.).

[0025] (4) By combining information such as static contact temperature, second coil voltage, voltage ripple frequency and other information with the number of faults, recoverable routine faults can be distinguished from irreversible serious faults. This makes it easier for users to repair the starter in time when a serious fault occurs, thus avoiding irreversible damage to the starter and further improving the safety performance and service life of the starter.

[0026] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a structural principle block diagram of a starter assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the detection unit, display unit, electronic switch, and control unit. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electromagnetic switch device for a starter according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A sectional view; Figure 5 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the central control unit; Figure 6 yes Figure 3 Partial exploded view of the central control unit; Figure 7 This is a block diagram illustrating the principle of a protection and control method for a starter motor; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the process steps of a protection and control method for a starter motor.

[0029] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 100. Main body; 1. First coil; 2. Second coil; 3. Moving iron core; 4. Moving contact; 5. Power supply side terminal; 6. Motor side terminal; 7. Stationary contact; 8. Control unit; 9. Electronic switch; 10. First temperature acquisition module; 11. Housing; 12. Control base; 12a. Receiving slot; 12b. Through hole; 12c. Slot; 13. Return spring; 14. PCB board; 141. Extension section; 15. Lead wire terminal; 16. First voltage acquisition module; 17. Second voltage acquisition module; 18. Second temperature acquisition module; 19. Display unit; 20. Nut; 21. Wire; 200. Relay; 300. Power supply; 400. Motor; 500. Ignition switch. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0031] Please see Figures 1-6 As shown, the present invention provides an electromagnetic switch device for a starter motor, particularly suitable for non-electrically controlled starters, comprising a main body 100; a first coil 1 and a second coil 2 are installed inside the main body 100, and a moving iron core 3 is slidably disposed on the main body 100 inside the first coil 1. A moving contact 4 is installed at one end of the moving iron core 3, and the main body 100 is also provided with a power supply side terminal 5 and a motor side terminal 6. A stationary contact 7 that is in movable contact with the moving contact 4 is respectively installed at one end of the power supply side terminal 5 and the motor side terminal 6. The second coil 2 is disposed outside the first coil 1.

[0032] The electromagnetic switch device also includes a control unit 8, a detection unit (not shown in the figure), and an electronic switch 9. The detection unit includes a first temperature acquisition module 10 for acquiring the temperature of the stationary contact 7. The electronic switch 9 is located between the power supply 300 and one end of the coil of the relay 200. The first end of the first coil 1 and the first end of the second coil 2 are electrically connected to the relay 200, the second end of the first coil 1 is electrically connected to the motor-side terminal 6, and the second end of the second coil 2 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the power supply 300. The control terminal of the electronic switch 9 and the first temperature acquisition module 10 are electrically connected to the control unit 8. The control unit 8 compares the acquired temperature of the stationary contact 7 with the set temperature and controls the conduction state of the electronic switch 9. The electronic switch 9 is an electronic relay, which can respond and recover quickly without affecting the normal use and lifespan of the product.

[0033] In this embodiment, the first temperature acquisition module 10 is located beside the stationary contact 7, and the first temperature acquisition module 10 is a thermistor. There are two first temperature acquisition modules 10, each corresponding to one of the stationary contacts 7.

[0034] The detection unit also includes a first voltage acquisition module 16 for acquiring the voltage across the second coil 2 and the voltage ripple frequency across the second coil 2, and a second voltage acquisition module 17 for acquiring the bus voltage, i.e., the voltage across B+ and GND. The first voltage acquisition module 16 and the second voltage acquisition module 17 are electrically connected to the control unit 8.

[0035] In another embodiment, the first voltage acquisition module 16 may be used only to acquire the voltage across the second coil 2.

[0036] The main body 100 includes a housing 11, with a control base 12 mounted on one end of the housing 11. A first coil 1 and a second coil 2 are installed inside the housing 11. A moving iron core 3 slides through the housing 11, and a return spring 13 is provided between the moving iron core 3 and the housing 11. One end of the moving iron core 3, corresponding to a moving contact piece 4, is located inside the housing 11. Power supply side terminals 5 and motor side terminals 6 pass through the control base 12, and the ends of the power supply side terminals 5 and motor side terminals 6, corresponding to stationary contacts 7, are located inside the housing 11. A PCB board 14 is installed inside the control base 12, integrating a control unit 8, an electronic switch 9, and a first temperature acquisition module 10. The first temperature acquisition module 10 is integrated on the bottom surface of the PCB board 14. The PCB board 14 is ultrasonically soldered to the control base 12, and the input and output ends of the second coil 2 are soldered to the PCB board 14.

[0037] The control base 12 has a receiving groove 12a, and a cover plate (not shown in the figure) is provided on the opening of the receiving groove 12a. The PCB board 14 is installed in the receiving groove 12a. The control base 12 has several through holes 12b located outside the receiving groove 12a. The power supply terminal 5 and the motor terminal 6 are installed in the corresponding through holes 12b by nuts 20. The side wall of the receiving groove 12a and the through holes 12b are connected by a slot 12c. The PCB board 14 has an extension section 141 that passes through the side wall of the receiving groove 12a and is placed in the slot 12c. The first temperature acquisition module 10 is integrated on the extension section 141 and is located beside the end where the power supply terminal 5 and the motor terminal 6 are respectively provided with the stationary contact 7. The control base 12 is also equipped with lead terminals 15. The first end of the first coil 1 is electrically connected to the relay 200 through the lead terminals 15. The two ends of the electronic switch 9 are respectively connected between the coil end of the relay 200 and the power supply 300 through wires 21.

[0038] In this embodiment, the power supply side terminal 5 and the motor side terminal 6 are bolt terminals. The control base 12 is provided with a square groove that matches the bottom shape of the power supply side terminal 5 and the motor side terminal 6, and the through hole 12b is provided on the square groove.

[0039] The detection unit also includes a second temperature acquisition module 18 for acquiring the temperature of the main heating element on the PCB board 14. The second temperature acquisition module 18 is electrically connected to the control unit 8. The main heating element includes an electronic switch 9, which performs over-temperature protection when the temperature is detected to be too high.

[0040] The control unit 12 is also equipped with a display unit 19 that is electrically connected to the control unit 8, which is used to display the working status of the starter. The display unit 19 is implemented by a combination of indicator lights, display screens or sound and light devices.

[0041] Since the contact area between the moving contact 4 and the two stationary contacts 7 is relatively small, the temperature rise at the stationary contacts 7 will be relatively fast. The position set by the first temperature acquisition module 10 can sense the temperature of the stationary contacts 7 in a timely manner and accurately monitor the overall temperature of the starter motor.

[0042] When the starter operates under abnormal conditions (such as continuous starting, high temperature, or heavy load), the temperature of the stationary contact 7 will rise sharply. When the control unit 8 detects that the temperature is too high, it will trigger the temperature protection and control the enable switch on the electronic switch 9 to open the electronic switch 9. At this time, the positive terminal of the output side of the relay 200 will be disconnected. After the moving iron core 3 loses its magnetic force, it will rebound under the action of the return spring 13. The moving contact 4 will return to its original position with the moving iron core 3 and disconnect the circuit, and the starter will stop working.

[0043] When the starter motor experiences an abnormal state due to mechanical failures such as engine malfunction (e.g., gear shifting, stalling, gear milling, reverse dragging, etc.), the control circuit monitors parameters such as the temperature of the stationary contact 7, the voltage of the starter motor's B+ terminal bus, the voltage across the second coil 2, and the voltage ripple frequency to comprehensively determine the type of fault the starter motor is experiencing, whether it is a common fault, and whether the electronic switch 9 needs to be disconnected, thus protecting the starter motor. When a fault occurs, the indicator light color indicates whether the starter motor is operating normally.

[0044] When electronic switch 9 is turned off and the starter stops working, the temperature of the stationary contact 7 gradually decreases. When control unit 8 detects that the temperature at this point has reached a suitable level, it controls the enable switch on electronic switch 9 to turn it on. At the same time, control unit 8 should also perform a certain delay protection control (e.g., delaying entry into working mode after fault recovery) to ensure that the temperature of stationary contact 7 has effectively decreased, so that the starter can still work normally the next time it starts. However, when the starter is in a serious fault situation caused by mechanical failure (such as repeated tooth knocking, stalling, etc.), control unit 8 uses the duration and number of faults as a basis to determine whether it is a serious fault and whether the starter needs to be restarted. It resets the fault count by turning off the starter, then powers it on again, ensuring that there is no fault after power-on self-test. Otherwise, it keeps electronic switch 9 off and records the parameter information of the serious fault and the time of fault occurrence, ensuring that it can be repaired before restarting. This can effectively avoid secondary damage to the starter or even major hidden dangers such as fire and smoke caused by faults in the engine, circuit system, starter, etc., and human error, and effectively protect the long-term stable operation of the starter.

[0045] If the temperature collected by any one of the first temperature acquisition modules 10 is too high, the temperature protection will be triggered; when the electronic switch 9 is turned off, and both first temperature acquisition modules 10 simultaneously collect the corresponding temperature and the temperature reaches the appropriate temperature, the electronic switch 9 will be turned on again.

[0046] Users can also use the fault-related information stored in the control unit 8, such as the number of faults, temperature at the time of the fault, duration of the fault, and fault type, as an auxiliary tool for subsequent effective analysis of the starter and engine's operating conditions, working conditions, and abnormal situations throughout their entire life cycle.

[0047] Please see Figures 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides a starter assembly, including a relay 200, a motor 400, and the aforementioned electromagnetic switch device. The coil of the relay 200 is connected in series with an electronic switch 9 and an ignition switch 500, and then connected to both ends of a power supply 300. The first contact of the relay 200 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the power supply 300. The second contact of the relay 200 is electrically connected to one end of the first coil 1 and one end of the second coil 2, respectively. The power supply side terminal 5 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the power supply 300. The motor side terminal 6 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the power supply 300 through the motor 400. The control unit 8 is electrically connected to the power supply 300. The control circuit is connected to the housing ground. The PCB board 14, one end of the second coil 2, one end of the relay 200 coil, and one end of the motor 400 are grounded.

[0048] The first coil 1 and the second coil 2 work together to act on the moving iron core 3, putting it under stress and causing the moving contact 4 to contact the two stationary contacts 7. The first coil 1 is a pull coil, responsible for moving the moving iron core 3, and the second coil 2 is a holding coil, responsible for holding the moving iron core 3 in position after it has moved to the correct position. When the relay 200 is turned on, the first coil 1 and the second coil 2 act simultaneously, causing the moving iron core 3 to move. This connects the corresponding stationary contacts 7 on the power supply side terminal 5 and the motor side terminal 6, and the motor 400 is powered on and begins to work. Since the output terminal of the first coil 1 is connected to the motor side terminal 6, at the moment the power supply side terminal 5 and the motor side terminal 6 are connected, the first coil 1 will lose its potential difference and no current will flow. The output terminal of the second coil 2 is grounded. Therefore, as long as the relay 200 is powered, current will always flow, ensuring that the moving contact 4 on the moving iron core 3 is attracted to the corresponding stationary contact 7.

[0049] like Figures 7-8 As shown, the present invention also provides a protection control method for a starter motor, applied to the electromagnetic switch device or starter motor assembly of the above-mentioned starter motor, comprising the following steps: The starter motor includes initialization mode, operating mode, normal fault mode, serious fault mode and sleep mode; Before entering the working mode, when the control unit 8 detects power-on, it first enters the initialization mode; In initialization mode, control unit 8 performs a self-test on the control circuit of the starter assembly. If the self-test is completed and there are no faults, it enters the working mode; otherwise, it enters the serious fault mode.

[0050] In this embodiment, the self-test includes checking whether the bus voltage is normal, whether the first temperature acquisition module 10 is normal, and whether the electronic switch 9 is normal. When one of the first temperature acquisition modules 10 fails (including short circuit to ground, open circuit, etc.), the fault information is stored. When both first temperature acquisition modules 10 fail, the system (i.e., the control circuit of the starter assembly) enters a severe fault mode and stores the fault information.

[0051] In the working mode, the temperature T of the stationary contact 7, the voltage U across the second coil 2, the voltage ripple frequency Vrpp across the second coil 2, and the bus voltage UB+ of the electromagnetic switch device are collected according to the set cycle. The temperature collection time of the stationary contact 7 and the duration of the abnormality are recorded.

[0052] When the control unit 8 detects that the temperature T of the stationary contact 7 is greater than or equal to the first set temperature T1, the system enters the normal fault mode and records the number of faults N; at this time, over-temperature protection is performed. The first set temperature T1 is preferably 120℃, which can be adjusted as needed.

[0053] After entering the normal fault mode, when the control unit 8 detects that the temperature T of the stationary contact 7 is less than or equal to the second set temperature T2, the system re-enters the working mode; the second set temperature T2 is preferably 80℃, and the above parameters can be adjusted as needed. When the number of faults N reaches the first set number N1, or when the temperature T of the stationary contact 7 is greater than or equal to the first set temperature T1 after the system enters the normal fault mode and this over-temperature state lasts for a first set duration t1 (i.e., the abnormal duration), the system enters the severe fault mode. In this embodiment, the first set number N1 is 5 times, and the first set duration t1 is 1 minute; the above parameters can be adjusted as needed.

[0054] The protection and control method also includes the following steps: In the working mode, based on the collected temperature of the stationary contact 7 and the temperature collection time, the heating rate of the stationary contact 7 is obtained. T; When the control unit 8 detects that the voltage U across the second coil 2 is greater than the first set voltage U1, the heating rate of the stationary contact 7 at this time... T is less than the first set rate When the above abnormal state continues for more than the second set time t2, the system enters the normal fault mode and records the number of faults N. At this time, the control unit 8 determines that the starter is in the tooth-topping condition. This is because when the pinion cannot mesh properly, the armature does not rotate, but the stationary contact 7 does not make normal contact. The stationary contact 7 of the motor side terminal 6 is not connected. At this time, there should be voltage at both ends of the second coil 2, but because the motor end is not connected, the temperature of the stationary contact 7 will not change. At this time, tooth-topping protection is performed.

[0055] Among them, the heating rate of stationary contact 7 at this time T represents the heating rate at the moment when the voltage U across the second coil 2 is greater than the first set voltage U1. T, the rate of heating T is the ratio of the temperature rise of the stationary contact 7 after the circuit is turned on to the temperature acquisition time. After power is applied, the temperatures of the two stationary contacts 7 are acquired simultaneously, and the higher temperature value is used as the reference.

[0056] After entering the normal fault mode, when the voltage U across the second coil 2 is detected to be less than the second set voltage U2, the system re-enters the working mode after the first delay period; when the number of faults N reaches the second set number N2, the system enters the severe fault mode.

[0057] In this embodiment, the first set voltage U1 is 12V, the second set voltage U2 is 6V, and the first set slope is... T1 is 1, the second set duration t2 is 10s, the second set number of times N2 is 3 times, and the first delay duration is 3s. All of the above values ​​can be adjusted as needed.

[0058] It also includes the following steps: In the working mode, when the voltage U across the second coil 2 is detected to be greater than the third set voltage U3, the heating rate of the stationary contact 7 at this time... T is greater than the second set rate If the above abnormal state continues for more than the third set time t3, the system enters the normal fault mode and records the number of faults N. At this time, the control unit 8 judges the starting system fault of the starter (flywheel jamming, crankshaft seizure) and the overload situation such as gear dragging. This is because although the starter can rotate, when it is in a high current state, long-term operation is very likely to cause the product to burn out. Overload protection is required to immediately stop the starter.

[0059] After entering the normal fault mode, when the voltage U across the second coil 2 is detected to be less than the second set voltage U2 and the temperature T of the stationary contact 7 is less than or equal to the second set temperature T2, the system re-enters the operating mode. When the number of faults N reaches the third set number N3, the system enters the severe fault mode. The temperature T of the stationary contact 7 at this time is the temperature of the stationary contact 7 collected at the moment when the voltage U across the second coil 2 is less than the second set voltage U2.

[0060] In this embodiment, the third set voltage U3 is 10V, and the second set slope is... T2 is 10, the third set duration t3 is 10s, the second set voltage U2 is 6V, the second set temperature T2 is 80℃, and the third set number of times N3 is 3 times. All of the above values ​​can be adjusted as needed.

[0061] The protection control method also includes the following steps: In the working mode, when it is detected that the voltage U across the second coil 2 is greater than the first set voltage U1, the voltage ripple frequency Vrpp across the second coil 2 is greater than the first set frequency Vrpp1, and the heating rate of the stationary contact 7 is... T is less than the third set rate When the above abnormal state continues for more than the fourth set time t4, the system enters the normal fault mode and records the number of faults N. At this time, the control unit 8 determines that the starter is in the milling condition. This is because when the pinion cannot mesh normally, but the stationary contact 7 is connected (forced meshing), the motor 400 can rotate. However, due to the incorrect meshing, the starter is in a low torque (approximately no load) milling operation state. At this time, there should be voltage at both ends of the second coil 2, and its frequency should be between 4K-6KHz. Milling protection is required.

[0062] At this time, the voltage ripple frequency Vrpp across the second coil 2 is less than the voltage ripple frequency Vrpp at the moment corresponding to the second set voltage U2. The heating rate of the stationary contact 7 at this time... T represents the rate at which the static contact 7 heats up when the voltage U across the second coil 2 is less than the second set voltage U2. T.

[0063] After entering the normal fault mode, when the voltage U across the second coil 2 is detected to be less than the second set voltage U2, the system re-enters the operating mode after a second delay. When the number of faults N reaches the fourth set number N4, the system enters the severe fault mode.

[0064] In this embodiment, the first set voltage U1 is 12V, the first set frequency Vrpp1 is 4kHz, and the second set slope is... T2 is 3, the fourth set duration t4 is 10s, the second set voltage U2 is 6V, the fourth set number of times N4 is 3 times, and the second delay duration is 3s. All of the above values ​​can be adjusted as needed.

[0065] The following steps are also included: In the working mode, when it is detected that the voltage U across the second coil 2 is greater than the third set voltage U3, the voltage ripple frequency Vrpp across the second coil 2 is greater than the second set frequency Vrpp2, and the above abnormal state continues for more than the fifth set time t5, the system enters the normal fault mode and records the number of faults N; at this time, the control unit 8 judges that the personnel have mistakenly kept the ignition switch 500 on, or started the engine with the throttle, etc., which is very likely to cause damage to the one-way valve or even armature ejection due to the pinion not disengaging in time after the engine is above idle speed. At this time, abnormal operation protection should be performed to allow the pinion to disengage in time.

[0066] After entering the normal fault mode, when the voltage U across the second coil 2 is detected to be less than the second set voltage U2, the system re-enters the operating mode after a third delay. When the number of faults N reaches the fifth set number N5, the system enters the severe fault mode.

[0067] In this embodiment, the third set voltage U1 is 10V, the second set frequency Vrpp2 is 40KHZ, the fifth set duration t5 is 0.5s, the second set voltage U2 is 6V, the third delay duration is 3s, and the fifth set number of times N5 is 3 times. All of the above values ​​can be adjusted as needed.

[0068] In operating mode, when the bus voltage UB+ is detected to be greater than or equal to the fourth set voltage U4 or less than or equal to the fifth set voltage U5, and the above state continues for more than the sixth set time t6, the system enters the normal fault mode and records the number of faults N. At this time, the power supply is under 300 overvoltage / undervoltage protection.

[0069] After entering the normal fault mode, when the bus voltage UB+ is detected to be between the fourth set voltage U4 and the fifth set voltage U5, the system re-enters the operating mode. When the number of faults N reaches the sixth set number N6, the system enters the severe fault mode.

[0070] In this embodiment, the fourth set voltage U4 is 40V, the fifth set voltage U5 is 12V, the sixth set duration t6 is 1s, and the sixth set number of times N6 is 3 times. The above values ​​can be set as needed.

[0071] When entering the working mode, if the voltage across the second coil 2 is detected to be 0 and remains so for more than a seventh preset time t7, the system enters the sleep mode. The seventh preset time t7 is set as needed; in this embodiment, the seventh preset time t7 is 0.5 hours.

[0072] After entering sleep mode, the system enters working mode when it detects that the two ends of the second coil 2 are energized.

[0073] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0074] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0075] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

[0076] For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications will undoubtedly be apparent after reading the above description. Therefore, the appended claims should be construed as covering all changes and modifications that encompass the true intent and scope of the invention. Any and all equivalent scope and content within the scope of the claims should be considered to remain within the intent and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic switch device for a starter motor, comprising a main body (100); a first coil (1) and a second coil (2) are installed inside the main body (100); a moving iron core (3) is slidably disposed inside the first coil (1) on the main body (100); a moving contact piece (4) is installed at one end of the moving iron core (3); a power supply side terminal (5) and a motor side terminal (6) are also provided on the main body (100); a stationary contact point (7) is respectively installed at one end of the power supply side terminal (5) and the motor side terminal (6) to movably contact the moving contact piece (4); characterized in that: The electromagnetic switch device also includes a control unit (8), a detection unit, and an electronic switch (9). The detection unit includes a first temperature acquisition module (10) for acquiring the temperature of the stationary contact (7). The electronic switch (9) is located between the power supply (300) and one end of the coil of the relay (200). The first end of the first coil (1) and the first end of the second coil (2) are electrically connected to the relay (200). The second end of the first coil (1) is electrically connected to the motor side terminal (6). The second end of the second coil (2) is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the power supply (300). The control end of the electronic switch (9) and the first temperature acquisition module (10) are electrically connected to the control unit (8). The control unit (8) compares the collected temperature of the stationary contact (7) with the set temperature and controls the conduction state of the electronic switch (9).

2. The electromagnetic switching device for a starter as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first temperature acquisition module (10) is located next to the stationary contact (7).

3. The electromagnetic switching device for a starter as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The main body (100) includes a housing (11), a control base (12) is installed at one end of the housing (11), the first coil (1) and the second coil (2) are installed inside the housing (11), the moving iron core (3) slides through the housing (11) and a return spring (13) is provided between the moving iron core (3) and the housing (11), the end of the moving iron core (3) corresponding to the moving contact piece (4) is located inside the housing (11), the power supply side terminal (5) and the motor side terminal (6) pass through the control base (12), the control base (12) is installed inside the PCB board (14), the control unit (8), the electronic switch (9) and the first temperature acquisition module (10) are integrated on the PCB board (14).

4. The electromagnetic switching device for a starter as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The control base (12) is provided with a receiving groove (12a), and the opening of the receiving groove (12a) is provided with a cover plate. The PCB board (14) is installed in the receiving groove (12a). The control base (12) is provided with several through holes (12b) located outside the receiving groove (12a). The power supply side terminal (5) and the motor side terminal (6) are installed on the corresponding through holes (12b). The side wall of the receiving groove (12a) and the through holes (12b) are connected by a slot (12c). The PCB board (14) is provided with an extension section (141) that passes through the side wall of the receiving groove (12a) and is placed on the slot (12c). The first temperature acquisition module (10) is integrated on the extension section (141) and is located on the side of the end where the power supply side terminal (5) and the motor side terminal (6) are respectively provided with a stationary contact (7). The control base (12) is also equipped with lead terminals (15). The first end of the first coil (1) is electrically connected to the relay (200) through the lead terminals (15). The two ends of the electronic switch (9) are respectively connected between one end of the coil of the relay (200) and the power supply (300) through wires (21).

5. The electromagnetic switching device for a starter as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The detection unit also includes a first voltage acquisition module (16) for acquiring the voltage across the two ends of the second coil (2), and the first voltage acquisition module (16) is electrically connected to the control unit (8); Alternatively, the detection unit may further include a first voltage acquisition module (16) for acquiring the voltage across the second coil (2) and the voltage ripple frequency, wherein the first voltage acquisition module (16) is electrically connected to the control unit (8).

6. The electromagnetic switching device for a starter as described in claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The detection unit also includes a second voltage acquisition module (17) for acquiring bus voltage, and the second voltage acquisition module (17) is electrically connected to the control unit (8).

7. A starter assembly, characterized in that: The device includes a relay (200), a motor (400), and an electromagnetic switch device as described in any one of claims 1-6. The coil of the relay (200) is connected in series with an electronic switch (9) and an ignition switch (500) and then connected to both ends of a power supply (300). The first contact of the relay (200) is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the power supply (300). The second contact of the relay (200) is electrically connected to one end of the first coil (1) and one end of the second coil (2), respectively. The power supply side terminal (5) is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the power supply (300). The motor side terminal (6) is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the power supply (300) through the motor (400). The control unit (8) is electrically connected to both ends of the power supply (300).

8. A protection control method for a starter motor, applied to the electromagnetic switching device of the starter motor as described in any one of claims 1-6 or the starter motor assembly as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The starter includes operating modes, normal fault modes, and severe fault modes; In the working mode, the temperature T of the stationary contact (7) in the electromagnetic switch device is collected according to the set cycle; When the temperature T of the stationary contact (7) is detected to be greater than or equal to the first set temperature T1, the system enters the normal fault mode and records the number of faults N; After entering the normal fault mode, when the temperature T of the stationary contact (7) is detected to be less than or equal to the second set temperature T2, the system re-enters the working mode; When the number of faults N reaches the first set number N1, or when the temperature T of the static contact (7) after the system enters the normal fault mode is greater than or equal to the first set temperature T1 for a first set duration t1, the system enters the severe fault mode.

9. The protection and control method for a starter motor as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The protection and control method further includes the following steps: In the working mode, the voltage U across the second coil (2) is collected according to the set cycle, and the temperature collection time of the stationary contact (7) is recorded; Based on the collected temperature of the stationary contact (7) and the duration of temperature collection, the heating rate of the stationary contact (7) is obtained. T; When the voltage U across the second coil (2) is detected to be greater than the first set voltage U1, the heating rate of the stationary contact (7) at this time... T is less than the first set rate When the time T1 is exceeded and continues to exceed the second set time t2, the system enters the normal fault mode and records the number of faults N. After entering the normal fault mode, when the voltage U across the second coil (2) is detected to be less than the second set voltage U2, the system re-enters the working mode; When the number of failures N reaches the second set number N2, the system enters a severe failure mode; Alternatively, it may include the following steps: in working mode, the voltage U across the second coil (2) is collected according to the set cycle, and the temperature collection duration of the stationary contact (7) is recorded; Based on the collected temperature of the stationary contact (7) and the duration of temperature collection, the heating rate of the stationary contact (7) is obtained. T; When the voltage U across the second coil (2) is detected to be greater than the third set voltage U3, the heating rate of the stationary contact (7) at this time... T is greater than the second set rate When the time T2 continues to exceed the third set time t3, the system enters the normal fault mode and records the number of faults N. After entering the normal fault mode, when the voltage U across the second coil (2) is less than the second set voltage U2 and the temperature T of the stationary contact (7) is less than or equal to the second set temperature T2, the system re-enters the working mode. When the number of failures N reaches the third set number N3, the system enters a severe failure mode.

10. The protection and control method for a starter motor as described in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: The protection and control method further includes the following steps: In the working mode, the voltage U at both ends of the second coil (2) and the voltage ripple frequency Vrpp at both ends of the second coil (2) are collected according to the set cycle, and the temperature collection time of the stationary contact (7) is recorded. Based on the collected temperature of the stationary contact (7) and the duration of temperature collection, the heating rate of the stationary contact (7) is obtained. T; When the voltage U across the second coil (2) is detected to be greater than the first set voltage U1, the voltage ripple frequency Vrpp across the second coil (2) is greater than the first set frequency Vrpp1, and the heating rate of the stationary contact (7) is... T is less than the third set rate When the time exceeds T3 and continues for more than the fourth set time t4, the system enters the normal fault mode and records the number of faults N. After entering the normal fault mode, when the voltage U across the second coil (2) is detected to be less than the second set voltage U2, the system re-enters the working mode; When the number of failures N reaches the fourth preset number N4, the system enters a severe failure mode; Alternatively, it may include the following steps: in the working mode, the voltage U across the second coil (2) and the voltage ripple frequency Vrpp across the second coil (2) are collected according to the set period; When the voltage U across the second coil (2) is detected to be greater than the third set voltage U3, and the voltage ripple frequency Vrpp across the second coil (2) is greater than the second set frequency Vrpp2, and continues to exceed the fifth set duration t5, the system enters the normal fault mode and records the number of faults N. After entering the normal fault mode, when the voltage U across the second coil (2) is detected to be less than the second set voltage U2, the system re-enters the working mode; When the number of failures N reaches the fifth preset number N5, the system enters a severe failure mode.

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