PH-CAES system compressor starting method based on water-gas coordination

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage system control, in particular to a PH-CAES system compressor starting method based on water-gas coordination, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining multi-physical process data of a PH-CAES system based on water-gas coordination; establishing a system model of the PH-CAES system based on water-gas coordination according to the multi-physical process data, and determining a safe operation constraint model of the PH-CAES system based on water-gas coordination according to the system model; and the current starting stage of the compressor is recognized, the compressor is controlled to execute the target starting action according to the target control strategy of the current starting stage, and in the compressor starting process, the operation parameters of the PH-CAES system based on water-gas coordination are restrained based on the safe operation constraint model. Therefore, the problems that in the prior art, only long-term characteristic research of steady-state operation, energy conversion and the like is focused on, and unexpected fluctuation or unstable phenomena are prone to occurring in the starting process are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage system control technology, and in particular to a compressor start-up method and electronic equipment for a PH-CAES system based on water-gas coordination. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of new power systems, pumped-storage-compressed-air energy storage has attracted attention due to its long lifespan and high efficiency. However, during the startup phase, it is susceptible to water hammer-like phenomena caused by the inertia of water, leading to a sudden increase in pressure in the water-air co-containment chamber and deterioration of compressor operating conditions. Related technologies mostly focus on steady-state analysis, long-term system operating characteristics, energy conversion efficiency, and the refinement of thermodynamic models. However, unpredictable fluctuations or instabilities can easily occur during actual startup. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a compressor start-up method and electronic device for a PH-CAES (Pumped Hydro–Compressed Air Energy Storage) system based on water-air coordination, in order to solve the problem that related technologies only focus on long-term characteristics such as steady-state operation and energy conversion, and are prone to unpredictable fluctuations or instability during startup.

[0004] The first aspect of this application provides a compressor startup method for a PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination, comprising the following steps: acquiring multi-physical process data of the PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination; establishing a system model of the PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination based on the multi-physical process data; determining a safe operation constraint model of the PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination based on the system model; identifying the current startup stage of the compressor; controlling the compressor to perform a target startup action according to the target control strategy of the current startup stage; and constraining the operating parameters of the PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination based on the safe operation constraint model during the compressor startup process.

[0005] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the multi-physical process data includes physical process data of the turbine, compressor, and heat exchanger.

[0006] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, a system model of a PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination is established based on multi-physics process data, including: modeling the multi-physics process data using a mechanism modeling method based on the conservation of mass, momentum and energy; and processing the modeling results of the multi-physics process data based on computational fluid dynamics and system-level simulation to construct a system model with multiple coupled aerodynamic, hydraulic and thermodynamic fields.

[0007] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the expression for the system model is:

[0008]

[0009]

[0010]

[0011]

[0012]

[0013] in, The elevation of the water level in the upper reservoir. The elevation of the liquid level in the common volume chamber. For the liquid surface velocity, For the liquid surface velocity, For the air pressure inside the common-capacity compartment, For water density, Atmospheric pressure. It is the acceleration due to gravity; Based on the principles of conservation of mass and energy, a pressure equation is established. The volume of the gas storage facility. For gas storage quality, For constant volume specific heat capacity, For isobaric specific heat capacity, This refers to the air mass flow rate during compression. The air mass flow rate during the expansion process. The temperature of the air being filled in. aA For heat transfer intensity, Temperature of the surrounding rock / water body The air temperature in the gas storage facility; The heat transfer rate is calculated based on the logarithmic mean temperature difference, and the temperature gradient on the chamber wall is controlled. R g Let be the gas constant of air. The rate of change of the outlet temperature of the heat transfer medium over time reflects the dynamic trend of the outlet temperature of the heat transfer medium during the heat exchange process. For the quality of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange system, The mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid determines its flow and heat transfer rate within the system. The inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid. The outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchange system. The heat transfer area of ​​the heat exchange system. The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the working fluid. ΔTThis is the logarithmic mean temperature difference during the heat exchange process, and its value depends on the inlet and outlet temperatures of the hot and cold fluids. The rate of change of the outlet temperature of the refrigerant over time. The mass flow rate of the refrigerant. This refers to the inlet temperature of the refrigerant. This refers to the outlet temperature of the refrigerant. The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the cold working fluid; Let be the pressure fluctuation at time t, and λ be the weighting coefficient for the thermal stress deviation. Let be the thermal stress deviation at time t, and γ be the weighting coefficient for the starting speed. This refers to the system's startup speed.

[0014] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the safe operation constraint model includes a compressor outlet temperature constraint model, a gas storage tank pressure constraint model, a compressor start-up process safety constraint model, and a safety boundary model, wherein, The expression for the safety constraint model is:

[0015] in, Air mass flow rate, For surge boundary flow, To block boundary traffic, For safety margin, For safety margin; The expression for the compressor outlet temperature constraint model is:

[0016]

[0017] in, This refers to the upper limit of the compressor outlet temperature. This refers to the upper limit of the compressor outlet temperature. This represents the upper limit of the mass flow rate of the heat exchange medium during compression. This is the lower limit of the mass flow rate of the heat exchange medium during compression. The expression for the pressure constraint model in the gas storage facility is:

[0018] in, This represents the pressure fluctuation value. This represents the upper limit of pressure fluctuations. The expression for the safety boundary model is:

[0019] in, The minimum mass flow rate required to prevent water hammer in the compressor. The highest mass flow rate to prevent water hammer effect in the compressor.

[0020] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the current startup phase includes a first startup phase, a second startup phase, and a third startup phase. Controlling the compressor to perform a target startup action according to the target control strategy of the current startup phase includes: if the current startup phase is the first startup phase, then the target control strategy is the first control strategy; controlling the compressor to perform the target startup action according to the first control strategy; entering the second startup phase when the pressure in the water-air coexistence chamber rises to a preset pressure threshold and the pressure change rate remains within a first target range; if the current startup phase is the second startup phase, then the target control strategy is the second control strategy; controlling the compressor to perform the target startup action according to the second control strategy; entering the third startup phase when the pressure fluctuation in the water-air coexistence chamber reaches within a second target range; if the current startup phase is the third startup phase, then the target control strategy is the third control strategy; controlling the compressor to perform the target startup action according to the third control strategy.

[0021] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the first control strategy includes: increasing the compressor speed by a first target speed ramp rate.

[0022] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the second control strategy includes: querying the target speed under the second start-up stage from a pre-set feasible domain database; controlling the compressor according to the target speed; adjusting the compressor inlet guide vane angle opening according to the flow feedback data and pressure fluctuation value of the water-air co-containment chamber until the pressure fluctuation reaches the fluctuation safety boundary corresponding to the safe operation constraint model, thereby reducing the compressor speed ramp-up rate.

[0023] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the third control strategy includes: controlling the compressor using a pressure closed-loop control mode, wherein the formula for the pressure closed-loop control mode is:

[0024] in, This refers to the compressor speed. For gain, For gain, For gain, This is the deviation value.

[0025] A second aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including: storage hardware, a processor, and a computer program stored on the storage hardware and executable on the processor. The processor executes the program to implement the above-described method for starting a PH-CAES system compressor based on water-gas coordination.

[0026] Therefore, this application has the following beneficial effects: First, multi-physical process data of the PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination is acquired, including key operating parameters such as system pressure, flow rate, temperature, and speed. The data is preprocessed and its state is identified to provide accurate foundational data for subsequent system model building, ensuring that the established system model accurately reflects the system's operating state. Second, a system model of the PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination is established based on the multi-physical process data. Based on this model, a safe operating constraint model is determined, including the operating boundaries, pressure limits, and flow constraints of each device. This ensures that all aspects meet safety requirements during the entire startup process, and the safety constraint model further effectively prevents the system from exceeding its limits during startup. Finally, the current startup stage of the compressor is identified, and the compressor is controlled to perform corresponding startup actions according to the target control strategy for the current startup stage. Simultaneously, during compressor startup, the system's operating parameters are constrained based on the safe operating constraint model to achieve stable and balanced multi-device collaborative startup and operation, avoiding risks such as current surges and pressure fluctuations, improving startup safety, ensuring coordinated cooperation between the compressor and related equipment, and maintaining the overall balance of system operation. This solves the problem that related technologies only focus on long-term characteristics such as steady-state operation and energy conversion, which can easily lead to unpredictable fluctuations or instability during startup.

[0027] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a compressor start-up method for a PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a PH-CAES system model based on water-air coordination according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the compressor start-up control strategy for a PH-CAES system based on water-gas coordination according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0030] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes a compressor startup method and electronic device for a PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination, according to embodiments of this application. Addressing the problems mentioned in the background section, this application provides a compressor startup method for a PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination. In this method, firstly, multi-physical process data of the PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination is acquired, including key operating parameters such as system pressure, flow rate, temperature, and speed. The data is preprocessed and its state is identified, providing accurate foundational data for subsequent system model building, ensuring that the established system model accurately reflects the system's operating state. Secondly, a system model of the PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination is established based on the multi-physical process data, and a safe operating constraint model for the system is determined based on this model, including the operating boundaries, pressure limits, and flow constraints of each device, ensuring safe operation throughout the entire process. Each stage of the startup process meets safety requirements, and safety constraint modeling further effectively prevents the system from operating beyond its limits during startup. Finally, the current startup stage of the compressor is identified, and the compressor is controlled to perform corresponding startup actions according to the target control strategy of the current startup stage. At the same time, during the compressor startup process, the system's operating parameters are constrained based on the safety operation constraint model to achieve stability and balance in the coordinated startup and operation of multiple devices, avoid risks such as current surges and pressure fluctuations, improve startup safety, ensure the coordinated cooperation between the compressor and related equipment, and maintain the overall balance of system operation. Thus, this solves the problem that related technologies only focus on long-term characteristics such as steady-state operation and energy conversion, which are prone to unpredictable fluctuations or instability during startup.

[0031] Specifically, Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a PH-CAES system compressor start-up method based on water-air coordination, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the compressor start-up method of the PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination includes the following steps: In step S101, multi-physical process data of the PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination are acquired.

[0033] Among them, water-air coordination is an operational mechanism for joint scheduling and coordinated control between the pumped-storage subsystem and the compressed-air energy storage subsystem through flow rate, pressure, power, or energy conversion relationships, used to achieve matching of hydraulic and pneumatic processes in terms of energy, dynamic response, and operating status; the PH-CAES system is a composite energy storage system that couples the pumped-storage system and the compressed-air energy storage system, realizing the storage and release of electrical energy through the coordinated conversion of hydraulic potential energy and gas pressure energy; multi-physical process data refers to operational data involving multiple physical quantities such as mechanical, thermal, fluid, and electrical, and in this application represents a set of key parameters such as system pressure, flow rate, temperature, and speed used to describe the overall operating status.

[0034] Understandably, by acquiring operational data from a PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination across multiple physical dimensions such as pressure, flow rate, temperature, and rotational speed, and by uniformly collecting, organizing, and managing this data, it is possible not only to comprehensively reflect the actual operating status of each component of the system under different working conditions, but also to avoid information loss or bias caused by a single sensor value. This provides a real, complete, and high-precision data foundation for subsequent system status identification, the establishment of multi-physical coupling models, and the formulation of precise control strategies.

[0035] In one embodiment of this application, the multi-physical process data includes physical process data of the turbine, compressor, and heat exchanger.

[0036] Among them, a turbine is a mechanical device that uses high-speed fluid or gas to drive an impeller to do work; a compressor is a mechanical device used to compress air to a high-pressure state; and a heat exchanger is a device that realizes heat exchange between different media.

[0037] Understandably, the operation of a PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination involves multiple key processes such as gas work, air compression, and heat exchange. These processes are interconnected and exhibit significant dynamic changes. By simultaneously collecting physical process data such as pressure, flow rate, temperature, and power from the aforementioned components, the system's actual operating status can be comprehensively reflected, avoiding the distortion in system status assessment caused by relying on data from a single device.

[0038] In step S102, a system model of the PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination is established based on multi-physical process data, and a safe operation constraint model of the PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination is determined based on the system model.

[0039] The system model is a mathematical description of the aerodynamic, hydrodynamic, and thermodynamic coupling relationships in the PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination; the safe operation constraint model is a set of safe operation boundary conditions derived from the system model, which in this application represents the constraint rules used to limit parameters such as pressure, temperature, and flow rate during compressor startup from exceeding safe thresholds.

[0040] It is understandable that this application constructs a system model based on multi-physical process data, and further derives a safe operation constraint model from the model. The system model can reflect the multi-field coupling behavior of aerodynamics, hydrodynamics and thermodynamics, thereby avoiding control deviations caused by empirical rules or simplified models. The safe operation constraint model provides a clear safety boundary for compressor startup, so that key parameters such as pressure, temperature and flow rate can change within a controllable range.

[0041] In one embodiment of this application, a system model of a PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination is established based on multi-physics process data, including: modeling the multi-physics process data using a mechanism modeling method based on the conservation of mass, momentum and energy; and processing the modeling results of the multi-physics process data based on computational fluid dynamics and system-level simulation to construct a system model with multiple coupled aerodynamic, hydraulic and thermodynamic fields.

[0042] Among them, mass conservation is the fundamental physical law describing the continuity and conservation of mass in a system over time; momentum conservation is the governing equation describing the momentum change of a fluid under external forces; energy conservation is the physical law describing the conservation of energy in a system during transfer and conversion; computational fluid dynamics is a technique for solving fluid dynamics equations using numerical methods; and system-level simulation is a simulation method for coupled calculation of multiple devices and multiple physical processes from the perspective of the overall system. In this application, it is used to comprehensively process the mechanism model and construct a multi-field coupled system model.

[0043] Understandably, this application, by adopting a mechanism modeling method based on the conservation of mass, momentum and energy, and combining computational fluid dynamics and system-level simulation technology, can effectively eliminate the biases caused by a single empirical model or a simplified model, and avoid potential operational risks such as pressure anomalies, temperature overshoot, and flow oscillations in advance, providing predictable, optimizable and verifiable model support for the entire compressor startup process.

[0044] Specifically, this application addresses the dynamic characteristics of multi-physics processes by employing a mechanistic modeling method based on the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. Combined with computational fluid dynamics and system-level simulation, it constructs a high-order nonlinear system model involving coupled aerodynamic, hydraulic, and thermodynamic fields. This allows for a more accurate characterization of the system's dynamic response characteristics, flow variations, and energy conversion processes under different operating conditions. Based on this model, accurate physical evidence can be provided for subsequent state identification, constraint boundary derivation, and startup control strategy design, thereby improving the reliability and predictive capability of system operation analysis.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, the PH-CAES system model based on water-air coordination in this application includes an upper reservoir, a water intake pipeline, a constant-pressure gas storage tank, and components such as a compressor, an electric motor, a heat exchanger, a high-temperature thermal storage tank, a low-temperature thermal storage tank, an expander, and a generator. The components are connected via hydraulic pipelines, air pipelines, and hot and cold fluid pipelines, forming a coupled energy storage system combining pumped hydro storage and compressed air energy storage.

[0046] In the diagram, red pipes represent high-temperature fluid channels, blue pipes represent low-temperature fluid channels, and black pipes represent air flow channels, used to indicate the transmission paths of different media in the system.

[0047] The upper reservoir is located on the upper left side of the structure, providing hydraulic support to the system via a water intake pipeline; the constant-pressure gas storage tank is located on the lower left side, used to store compressed high-pressure air. The compressor is located at... Figure 2 The left-middle section is driven by an electric motor, and its output end is connected to the constant pressure air storage tank through an air duct. The high-temperature air discharged from the compressor exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat storage tank and the low-temperature heat storage tank through the first heat exchanger, so as to realize the staged storage of high-temperature and low-temperature heat respectively.

[0048] On the right side of the diagram, the expander is connected in sequence to the second heat exchanger and the generator. It is used to receive air from the gas storage tank during the energy release process, and after exchanging heat with the heat storage tank, it expands to do work and drives the generator to output electrical energy.

[0049] The above structure demonstrates the air compression and heat storage process in the energy storage mode, and the air expansion and electrical energy output process in the energy release mode.

[0050] In one embodiment of this application, the system model is expressed as:

[0051]

[0052]

[0053]

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] in, The elevation of the water level in the upper reservoir. The elevation of the liquid level in the common volume chamber. For the liquid surface velocity, For the liquid surface velocity, For the air pressure inside the common-capacity compartment, For water density, Atmospheric pressure. It is the acceleration due to gravity; Based on the principles of conservation of mass and energy, a pressure equation is established. The volume of the gas storage facility. For gas storage quality, For constant volume specific heat capacity, For isobaric specific heat capacity, This refers to the air mass flow rate during compression. The air mass flow rate during the expansion process. The temperature of the air being filled in. aA For heat transfer intensity, Temperature of the surrounding rock / water body The air temperature in the gas storage facility; The heat transfer rate is calculated based on the logarithmic mean temperature difference, and the temperature gradient on the chamber wall is controlled. R g Let be the gas constant of air. The rate of change of the outlet temperature of the heat transfer medium over time reflects the dynamic trend of the outlet temperature of the heat transfer medium during the heat exchange process. For the quality of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange system, The mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid determines its flow and heat transfer rate within the system. The inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid. The outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchange system. The heat transfer area of ​​the heat exchange system. The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the working fluid. ΔT This is the logarithmic mean temperature difference during the heat exchange process, and its value depends on the inlet and outlet temperatures of the hot and cold fluids. The rate of change of the outlet temperature of the refrigerant over time. The mass flow rate of the refrigerant. This refers to the inlet temperature of the refrigerant. This refers to the outlet temperature of the refrigerant. The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the cold working fluid; Let be the pressure fluctuation at time t, and λ be the weighting coefficient for the thermal stress deviation. Let be the thermal stress deviation at time t, and γ be the weighting coefficient for the starting speed. This refers to the system's startup speed.

[0057] It is understood that by clearly defining the mathematical expression of the system model and defining each of the aerodynamic, hydraulic, and thermal parameters involved in the model, this application can integrate and characterize key dynamic processes such as liquid level change, pressure distribution, gas volume change, energy transfer process, and thermal stress effect within the same modeling system. This allows for the acquisition of calculable and predictable results of pressure field, temperature field, and flow field changes under system startup conditions. Furthermore, it provides precise physical quantity inputs for subsequent safety constraint derivation, startup phase determination, and control strategy optimization.

[0058] In one embodiment of this application, the safe operation constraint model includes a compressor outlet temperature constraint model, a gas storage tank pressure constraint model, a compressor start-up process safety constraint model, and a safety boundary model, wherein, The expression for the safety constraint model is:

[0059] in, Air mass flow rate, For surge boundary flow, To block boundary traffic, For safety margin, For safety margin; The expression for the compressor outlet temperature constraint model is:

[0060]

[0061] in, This refers to the upper limit of the compressor outlet temperature. This refers to the upper limit of the compressor outlet temperature. This represents the upper limit of the mass flow rate of the heat exchange medium during compression. This is the lower limit of the mass flow rate of the heat exchange medium during compression. The expression for the pressure constraint model in the gas storage facility is:

[0062] in, This represents the pressure fluctuation value. This represents the upper limit of pressure fluctuations. The expression for the safety boundary model is:

[0063] in, The minimum mass flow rate required to prevent water hammer in the compressor. The highest mass flow rate to prevent water hammer effect in the compressor.

[0064] Among these constraints, pressure fluctuation refers to the fluctuation range of pressure in the water-air co-containment chamber over time; the upper and lower limits of air mass flow rate constraints reflect the stability conditions that the compressor must meet to avoid entering the surge and blockage regions; the constraints on compressor outlet temperature and heat exchange medium flow rate limit the heat load, preventing thermal deformation of the equipment at high temperatures; pressure fluctuation constraints reflect the impact response of the hydraulic system, and limiting the pressure change range helps suppress water hammer effects; the compressor mass flow rate start-up boundary defines the feasible operating range based on parameter scanning results, preventing hydraulic shock or dynamic instability triggered by excessively low or high flow rates during startup. These constraint models collectively constitute a multi-dimensional safety operation criterion for the system during startup, helping to ensure the controllability of the startup process and the overall safety and stability of the system.

[0065] Understandably, by constructing a multi-dimensional safety operation constraint model based on the system model, including compressor outlet temperature constraints, gas storage pressure constraints, compressor start-up process safety constraints, and mass flow safety boundaries, the system can obtain clear, calculable, and executable operating boundaries during actual operation and control. By setting upper and lower limits and safety margins for key variables such as air mass flow rate, heat exchange medium flow rate, outlet temperature, and pressure fluctuations, it is possible to effectively prevent the compressor from entering the surge or blockage region, prevent overpressure fluctuations in the gas storage, prevent water hammer effects and thermal overload risks, thereby ensuring that the system can operate stably and safely at different operating stages.

[0066] In step S103, the current startup stage of the compressor is identified, and the compressor is controlled to perform the target startup action according to the target control strategy of the current startup stage. During the compressor startup process, the operating parameters of the PH-CAES system based on water-gas coordination are constrained based on the safe operation constraint model.

[0067] In this application, the current startup stage of the compressor refers to the different stages in the compressor's transition from standstill to stable operation. It characterizes startup processes such as pre-rotation, low-load ramp-up, and steady-state connection. The target control strategy is the control method set for each startup stage. In this application, it represents a set of strategies to achieve stage transitions through speed regulation, air mass flow control, valve opening adjustment, and thermal management coordination. The target startup action is the specific operation that the compressor needs to complete during the execution of the target control strategy. In this application, it represents the implementation process of speed increase, flow establishment, pressure increase, and related actuator actions. Operating parameters are key physical quantities reflecting the system's operating status. In this application, they represent status data such as flow rate, temperature, pressure, speed, and heat exchange that can be monitored and controlled in real time.

[0068] Understandably, by identifying the current startup stage of the compressor and matching the corresponding target control strategy, the compressor can smoothly transition through different stages according to a predetermined path. Furthermore, by introducing a safe operation constraint model during the startup process, key operating parameters such as flow rate, pressure, and temperature can be limited and corrected in real time, effectively avoiding risks such as surge, blockage, water hammer, and overheating, and ensuring that the startup process is carried out within a safe and controllable range.

[0069] In one embodiment of this application, the current startup phase includes a first startup phase, a second startup phase, and a third startup phase. Controlling the compressor to perform a target startup action according to the target control strategy of the current startup phase includes: if the current startup phase is the first startup phase, then the target control strategy is the first control strategy; controlling the compressor to perform the target startup action according to the first control strategy; entering the second startup phase when the pressure in the water-air coexistence chamber rises to a preset pressure threshold and the pressure change rate remains within a first target range; if the current startup phase is the second startup phase, then the target control strategy is the second control strategy; controlling the compressor to perform the target startup action according to the second control strategy; entering the third startup phase when the pressure fluctuation in the water-air coexistence chamber reaches within a second target range; if the current startup phase is the third startup phase, then the target control strategy is the third control strategy; controlling the compressor to perform the target startup action according to the third control strategy.

[0070] The first startup phase represents a smooth pre-charging phase; the second startup phase represents a rapid energy storage phase; the third startup phase represents a steady-state switching phase; the target control strategy is the compressor operation plan formulated for the current startup phase; the water-air co-containment chamber is a composite container for storing water and air; the pressure threshold is a pre-set upper or lower pressure limit used to determine the startup phase transition; the pressure change rate is the rate of change of the pressure in the water-air co-containment chamber per unit time.

[0071] Understandably, by dividing the compressor startup process into first, second, and third startup stages, and designing corresponding target control strategies for each stage, the compressor can be started smoothly in a phased and progressive manner. In the first stage, which is the initial stage of the system transitioning from standby or shutdown to startup, a smooth transition and avoidance of sudden pressure shocks are achieved by controlling the pressure rise and rate of change within a safe range. In the second stage, the compressor behavior is adjusted according to pressure fluctuations to ensure that the system gradually approaches the target operating condition. In the third stage, pressure regulation is completed through closed-loop control to achieve a stable startup state.

[0072] In one embodiment of this application, the first control strategy includes: increasing the compressor speed by a first target speed ramp rate.

[0073] The first control strategy is the initial operation plan for the compressor startup process, which is used to smoothly increase the compressor speed; the first target speed ramp rate is the set compressor speed increase rate; the compressor speed is the number of times the compressor impeller rotates per minute, which is a key operating parameter for adjusting the compressor output flow and pressure.

[0074] Understandably, by setting a first target speed ramp rate, the compressor can gradually accelerate at a controlled rate during the initial startup phase, making the speed change smooth and predictable, thereby reducing the risks of aerodynamic shock, vibration, or mechanical stress.

[0075] In the first startup phase, also known as the gentle pre-charge phase, the compressor overcomes initial static friction to smoothly establish the initial pressure in the water-air co-containment chamber, avoiding severe impacts on the pipelines, water body, and compressor body. According to the first control strategy, the controller increases the compressor speed at a pre-set first target speed ramp rate, ensuring smooth rotor acceleration while maintaining air mass flow, gas storage pressure, and water-air co-containment chamber liquid surface velocity within safe ranges. When the pressure in the water-air co-containment chamber rises to a pre-set pressure threshold and the pressure change rate remains within the first target range, the system switches to the second startup phase, providing stable initial conditions for subsequent compressor pressurization and air energy storage.

[0076] In one embodiment of this application, the second control strategy includes: querying the target speed under the second start-up stage from a pre-set feasible domain database; controlling the compressor according to the target speed; adjusting the compressor inlet guide vane angle opening according to the flow feedback data and pressure fluctuation value of the water-air co-containment chamber until the pressure fluctuation reaches the fluctuation safety boundary corresponding to the safe operation constraint model, thereby reducing the compressor speed ramp-up rate.

[0077] The second control strategy is a strategy for controlling the compressor's pressurization and stabilization during the second start-up phase; the feasible domain database is a data set storing the allowable speed and flow range of the compressor under different start-up phases and operating conditions; the target speed during the second start-up phase represents the ideal speed value that the compressor should achieve during the second start-up phase; the flow feedback data is the real-time flow measurement value of the compressor and the air or water in the water-air co-containment chamber; the valve opening is the valve position that controls the flow rate in and out of the water-air co-containment chamber; the fluctuation safety boundary is the maximum allowable range of pressure fluctuation, which in this application represents the upper limit of pressure fluctuation specified in the safe operation constraint model, used to prevent pipelines and equipment from being subjected to water hammer or mechanical impact.

[0078] Understandably, by implementing the second control strategy, this application can precisely adjust the speed and valve opening during the rapid energy storage phase of compressor startup. At the same time, by reducing the compressor speed ramp-up rate, it can achieve smooth compressor pressurization, ensuring the stability and reliability of the system during the transition to high-pressure operation, and providing a safe and controllable transition scheme for the entire startup process.

[0079] In the second startup phase, based on ensuring safety, the objective of this application is to rapidly increase the system head to near the target rotational speed. This phase employs adaptive rate control based on the feasible region. The controller monitors in real time and queries the pre-set feasible region database for the target rotational speed under the second startup phase. The compressor is controlled according to the target rotational speed, and the valve opening is adjusted based on the flow feedback data and pressure fluctuation values ​​from the water-air co-containment chamber. When the pressure fluctuation reaches the fluctuation safety boundary corresponding to the safe operation constraint model, the control algorithm reduces the compressor speed ramp-up rate, or even suspends the speed ramp-up, prioritizing system safety.

[0080] In one embodiment of this application, the third control strategy includes: controlling the compressor using a pressure closed-loop control mode, wherein the formula for the pressure closed-loop control mode is:

[0081] in, This refers to the compressor speed. For gain, For gain, For gain, This is the deviation value.

[0082] Understandably, by adopting a pressure closed-loop control mode, the compressor speed can be adjusted in real time to accurately respond to pressure deviations in the water-air co-containment chamber. During the rapid energy storage phase of this application, when the pressure deviates from the target value, the closed-loop control can instantly adjust the compressor speed. This balances the internal pressure of the system, preventing water hammer or aerodynamic instability caused by overpressure or excessive pressure fluctuations. Simultaneously, proportional, integral, and derivative gains... , , The combination of adjustments allows the compressor speed to respond quickly to pressure changes while avoiding system overshoot or oscillation.

[0083] During the third startup phase, this application is transitioning from rapid energy storage to steady-state operation. Target pressure fluctuations are controlled within a preset safety range, typically 0%-15% of the set value. When the pressure fluctuation in the water-gas co-containment chamber reaches this range, the controller switches the compressor speed control mode from rate-based adaptive control to pressure closed-loop control mode, adjusting the compressor speed in real-time using a closed-loop formula. Meanwhile, this application combines a multi-parameter coordination mechanism, including real-time monitoring and adjustment of flow rate, pressure fluctuations and valve opening, as well as the application of boundary protection logic, to achieve active suppression of potential water hammer effects and pressure surges.

[0084] In summary, the compressor start-up control strategy flow of the PH-CAES system based on water-gas coordination in this application is as follows: Figure 3 As shown: In step S201, the process is started; In step S202, a PH-CAES system model based on water-air coordination that considers the water hammer effect is established to provide an accurate basis for subsequent control. In step S203, the feasible operating domain of the system is analyzed and the startup safety boundary is set to clarify the feasible operating range of the system and determine the safety boundary of the startup phase, so as to ensure that the system remains stable during the startup process; In step S204, a multi-stage start-up control strategy is implemented, including a first start-up stage, a second start-up stage, and a third start-up stage, to perform phased fine control of the compressor start-up process; In step S205, the startup process is completed, and the system enters the steady-state operation phase.

[0085] According to the compressor startup method for a PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination proposed in this application, firstly, multi-physical process data of the PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination is acquired, including key operating parameters such as system pressure, flow rate, temperature, and speed. The data is preprocessed and its state is identified to provide accurate foundational data for subsequent system model building, ensuring that the established system model accurately reflects the system's operating state. Secondly, a system model of the PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination is established based on the multi-physical process data, and a safe operating constraint model for the system is determined based on this model, including the operating boundaries, pressure limits, and flow constraints of each device, ensuring that all aspects of the startup process meet the requirements. To meet safety requirements, safety constraint modeling is used to effectively prevent the system from operating beyond its limits during startup. Finally, the current startup stage of the compressor is identified, and the compressor is controlled to perform corresponding startup actions according to the target control strategy of the current startup stage. At the same time, during the compressor startup process, the system's operating parameters are constrained based on the safety operation constraint model to achieve stability and balance in the coordinated startup and operation of multiple devices, avoid risks such as current surges and pressure fluctuations, improve startup safety, ensure the coordinated cooperation between the compressor and related equipment, and maintain the overall balance of system operation. Thus, this solves the problem that related technologies only focus on long-term characteristics such as steady-state operation and energy conversion, which are prone to unpredictable fluctuations or instability during startup.

[0086] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device may include: The memory 401, the processor 402, and the computer program stored on the memory 401 and capable of running on the processor 402.

[0087] When the processor 402 executes the program, it implements the PH-CAES system compressor start-up method based on water-gas coordination provided in the above embodiments.

[0088] Furthermore, electronic devices also include: Communication interface 403 is used for communication between memory 401 and processor 402.

[0089] The memory 401 is used to store computer programs that can run on the processor 402.

[0090] The memory 401 may include high-speed RAM (Random Access Memory) memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage.

[0091] If the memory 401, processor 402, and communication interface 403 are implemented independently, then the communication interface 403, memory 401, and processor 402 can be interconnected via a bus to complete communication between them. The bus can be an ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) bus, a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus, or an EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus, etc. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 4 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0092] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 401, processor 402, and communication interface 403 are integrated on a single chip, then the memory 401, processor 402, and communication interface 403 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0093] Processor 402 may be a CPU (Central Processing Unit), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of this application.

[0094] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0095] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0096] Any process or method described in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or N executable instructions for implementing custom logic functions or processes, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0097] It should be understood that various parts of this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any of the following techniques known in the art, or a combination thereof: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0098] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the methods implementing the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.

[0099] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A compressor start-up method for a PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Acquire multi-physical process data of a PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination; A system model of the PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination is established based on the multi-physical process data, and a safety operation constraint model of the PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination is determined based on the system model. The current startup phase of the compressor is identified, and the compressor is controlled to perform the target startup action according to the target control strategy of the current startup phase. During the startup process of the compressor, the operating parameters of the PH-CAES system based on water-gas coordination are constrained based on the safe operation constraint model.

2. The compressor start-up method for a PH-CAES system based on water-gas coordination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-physics process data includes physical process data for turbines, compressors, and heat exchangers.

3. The compressor start-up method for a PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of establishing a system model for the water-air coordinated PH-CAES system based on the multi-physical process data includes: The multi-physics process data is modeled based on a mechanism modeling method that incorporates the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. The modeling results of the multi-physical process data are processed based on computational fluid dynamics and system-level simulation to construct a system model with multiple coupled aerodynamic, hydraulic, and thermodynamic fields.

4. The compressor start-up method for a PH-CAES system based on water-gas coordination according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The system model is expressed as follows: in, The elevation of the water level in the upper reservoir. The elevation of the liquid level in the common volume chamber. For the liquid surface velocity, For the liquid surface velocity, For the air pressure inside the common-capacity compartment, For water density, Atmospheric pressure. It is the acceleration due to gravity; The volume of the gas storage facility. For gas storage quality, For constant volume specific heat capacity, For isobaric specific heat capacity, This refers to the air mass flow rate during compression. The air mass flow rate during the expansion process. The temperature of the air being filled in. aA For heat transfer intensity, Temperature of the surrounding rock / water body The air temperature in the gas storage facility; R g Let be the gas constant of air. The rate of change of the outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid over time. For the quality of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange system, The mass flow rate of the thermal fluid. The inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid. The outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchange system. The heat transfer area of ​​the heat exchange system. The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the working fluid. ΔT This represents the logarithmic mean temperature difference during the heat exchange process. The rate of change of the outlet temperature of the refrigerant over time. The mass flow rate of the refrigerant. This refers to the inlet temperature of the refrigerant. This refers to the outlet temperature of the refrigerant. The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the cold working fluid; Let be the pressure fluctuation at time t, and λ be the weighting coefficient for the thermal stress deviation. Let be the thermal stress deviation at time t, and γ be the weighting coefficient for the starting speed. This refers to the system's startup speed.

5. The compressor start-up method for a PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The safety operation constraint model includes a compressor outlet temperature constraint model, a gas storage tank pressure constraint model, a compressor start-up process safety constraint model, and a safety boundary model, wherein... The expression for the security constraint model is: in, Air mass flow rate, For surge boundary flow, To block boundary traffic, For safety margin, For safety margin; The expression for the compressor outlet temperature constraint model is as follows: in, This refers to the upper limit of the compressor outlet temperature. This refers to the upper limit of the compressor outlet temperature. This represents the upper limit of the mass flow rate of the heat exchange medium during compression. This is the lower limit of the mass flow rate of the heat exchange medium during compression. The expression for the pressure constraint model in the gas storage facility is as follows: in, This represents the pressure fluctuation value. This represents the upper limit of pressure fluctuations. The expression for the security boundary model is: in, The minimum mass flow rate required to prevent water hammer in the compressor. The highest mass flow rate to prevent water hammer effect in the compressor.

6. The compressor start-up method for a PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current startup phase includes a first startup phase, a second startup phase, and a third startup phase. Controlling the compressor to perform a target startup action according to the target control strategy of the current startup phase includes: If the current startup phase is the first startup phase, then the target control strategy is the first control strategy. According to the first control strategy, the compressor is controlled to perform the target startup action. When the pressure of the water-air co-containment chamber rises to the preset pressure threshold and the pressure change rate is maintained within the first target range, the second startup phase is entered. If the current startup phase is the second startup phase, then the target control strategy is the second control strategy. The compressor is controlled to perform the target startup action according to the second control strategy. When the pressure fluctuation of the water-air co-containment chamber reaches within the second target range, the third startup phase is entered. If the current startup phase is the third startup phase, then the target control strategy is the third control strategy, and the compressor is controlled to perform the target startup action according to the third control strategy.

7. The compressor start-up method for a PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first control strategy includes: increasing the compressor speed by a first target speed ramp rate.

8. The compressor start-up method for a PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second control strategy includes: Query the target rotational speed under the second startup phase from the pre-set feasible domain database; The compressor is controlled according to the target speed, and the compressor inlet guide vane angle is adjusted according to the flow feedback data and pressure fluctuation value of the water-air co-containment chamber until the pressure fluctuation reaches the fluctuation safety boundary corresponding to the safe operation constraint model, thereby reducing the compressor speed ramp-up rate.

9. The compressor start-up method for a PH-CAES system based on water-air coordination according to claim 6, characterized in that, The third control strategy includes: controlling the compressor using a pressure closed-loop control mode, wherein the formula for the pressure closed-loop control mode is: in, This refers to the compressor speed. For gain, For gain, For gain, This is the deviation value.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Storage hardware, a processor, and a computer program stored on the storage hardware and executable on the processor, the processor executing the program to implement the PH-CAES system compressor start-up method based on water-gas coordination as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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