Pressure resistance detection device for civil engineering material experiment and working method of pressure resistance detection device

Abstract

The invention relates to a pressure resistance detection device for civil engineering material experiments and a working method thereof.The pressure resistance detection device comprises a machine table and a placement table fixedly arranged on the machine table, a vertically-extending hydraulic cylinder is arranged above the placement table, a pressing plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder, and a first L-shaped body and a second L-shaped body are fixedly arranged on the two sides of the pressing plate respectively; a transparent protective shell vertically connected with the machine table in a sliding mode is arranged on the periphery of the containing table, racks are arranged on the transparent protective shell and the first L-shaped body, and the racks are meshed with gears between the transparent protective shell and the first L-shaped body so that the pressing plate and the transparent protective shell can synchronously move in the face-to-face or back-to-back mode, and partition plates are fixedly arranged on the two sides of the containing table. A scraper is erected between the two partition plates and driven by a lead screw arranged on the partition plates in the same direction to move in a reciprocating mode, the end of the lead screw is in synchronous linkage with the second L-shaped body through a gear rack, and a pressure detection head used for being connected with materials in a pressing mode is installed at the bottom of the pressing plate. And the problem of detection errors caused by residual chippings is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pressure resistance testing technology for civil engineering materials, and in particular to a pressure resistance testing device for civil engineering materials and its working method. Background Technology

[0002] The compressive strength testing device for civil engineering materials is a key piece of equipment used in the field of civil engineering to determine the mechanical properties of core materials such as concrete, steel bars, mortar, stone, and bricks. Its core function is to accurately obtain key parameters such as compressive strength, elastic modulus, stress, and strain curves of materials by simulating static or dynamic pressure loads on materials in actual engineering environments. This provides important data support for engineering design optimization, material quality acceptance, structural safety assessment, and durability prediction, and is a core testing equipment to ensure the quality of engineering construction and structural safety.

[0003] From a technical perspective, these devices typically consist of six core modules: a loading system, a force detection system, a displacement measurement system, a clamping and support system, a data acquisition and control system, and a safety protection system. Depending on the characteristics of the test object, the required testing accuracy, and the application scenario, they can be further categorized into various types, such as static pressure testing devices, dynamic pressure testing devices, portable field pressure testing devices, and high-precision laboratory pressure testing devices, to adapt to the diverse needs of different engineering materials and testing scenarios.

[0004] However, existing compressive strength testing devices for civil engineering materials still have two major technical problems when conducting compressive strength tests on brittle materials such as concrete blocks, which seriously affect the safety of the testing process and the accuracy of the test results: Firstly, the inconvenience of cleaning up debris after testing can lead to testing errors. After a concrete block bursts, a large amount of debris will remain on the placement platform of the device. If it is not cleaned in time or not cleaned thoroughly, when a new concrete block is placed on the platform during subsequent testing, the remaining debris will cause the concrete block to be placed unevenly and tilted. This will result in eccentric loading during the loading process, causing uneven force transmission and abnormal stress distribution during testing. Ultimately, this will lead to distorted test data, which cannot accurately reflect the actual compressive strength of the concrete material and affect the reliability of engineering design and quality assessment.

[0005] Secondly, there is a risk of concrete block bursting and insufficient safety protection. As a typical brittle material, concrete has a compressive strength much higher than its tensile strength. During the compression test, natural defects such as aggregates, pores, and microcracks inside will cause stress concentration. As the load gradually increases, the microcracks continue to extend and penetrate. When the failure threshold is reached, the accumulated elastic potential energy will be released instantaneously, causing the concrete block to burst and produce flying fragments. The safety protection structure design of existing devices is mostly simple and cannot effectively block the flying fragments, which can easily cause personal injury to on-site testing personnel, posing a significant safety hazard.

[0006] Therefore, in view of the insufficient safety protection and detection errors caused by debris cleaning in existing devices, there is an urgent need to develop a pressure resistance testing device for civil engineering materials with efficient safety protection and automatic debris cleaning function, so as to improve the safety of the testing process and the accuracy of the test results, and meet the stringent requirements of the civil engineering field for material pressure resistance testing. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pressure resistance testing device for civil engineering materials and its working method, which is not only reasonable in structure, but also safe and convenient.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a pressure resistance testing device for civil engineering materials, comprising a machine base and a placement platform fixed on the machine base. A vertically extending hydraulic cylinder is provided above the placement platform, and a pressing plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of its telescopic end. A first L-shaped body and a second L-shaped body are respectively fixed on both sides of the pressing plate. A transparent protective shell is provided around the placement platform and is vertically slidably connected to the machine base. Both the transparent protective shell and the first L-shaped body are provided with racks and are meshed with gears between them to make the pressing plate and the transparent protective shell move synchronously towards or away from each other. Partitions are fixed on both sides of the placement platform, and a scraper is mounted between the two partitions and driven to reciprocate by a screw rod set on the partitions in the same direction. The end of the screw rod is synchronously linked with the second L-shaped body through a gear rack. A pressure testing head for pressing materials is installed at the bottom of the pressing plate.

[0009] Furthermore, a first rack is fixedly provided on the inner side of the vertical section of the first L-shaped body, and a second rack is fixedly provided on the side of the transparent protective shell near the first rack. A first gear is provided between the first rack and the second rack to mesh with both for linkage. The first gear is rotatably connected above the machine base.

[0010] Furthermore, the transparent protective shell is square and surrounds the placement platform. Guide posts are fixed at the four corners of the bottom of the transparent protective shell. The guide posts extend vertically and slide through the platform at the bottom. The bottom of the first L-shaped body also extends vertically and slides through the platform at the bottom.

[0011] Furthermore, the partition includes a first partition and a second partition. The two ends of the lead screw are mounted on the outside of the first partition via mounting seats. The mounting seats are fixedly connected to the partition. The lead screw is rotatably connected to the mounting seats, and one end of the lead screw passes through the mounting seats and is coaxially linked with a third gear. A third rack is fixedly provided on the inner side of the vertical section of the second L-shaped body and meshes with the third gear. In the initial state, the horizontal height of the third rack is lower than that of the first rack. The lead screw is connected to a first connecting frame via a lead screw nut. The first connecting frame is fixedly connected to the scraper.

[0012] Furthermore, the other end of the scraper is fixedly connected to a second connecting frame, and a guide rod is mounted on the outer side of the second partition along its length direction. The bottom of the second connecting frame is slidably connected to the guide rod, and the guide rod is arranged parallel to the lead screw.

[0013] Furthermore, an L-shaped frame extending vertically and bending at the top is fixed on the machine base, the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the top of the L-shaped frame, and a guide post extending vertically upward and penetrating the L-shaped frame is fixed on the pressing plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the vertical section of the L-shaped frame is provided with two infrared sensors spaced at intervals on its inner side.

[0015] Furthermore, the placement platform has a rectangular groove recessed inward on the side away from the scraper, and a debris guide plate is inserted in the rectangular groove. A spring is connected between the debris guide plate and the inner wall of the rectangular groove, and the two ends of the spring are respectively fixed to the debris guide plate and the inner wall of the rectangular groove.

[0016] Furthermore, a debris collection shell for receiving material debris is provided outside the debris guide plate, and the debris collection shell is fixedly connected to the machine base.

[0017] A working method for a pressure resistance testing device for civil engineering materials includes the following steps: S1: Initial preparation: The pressing plate stops at the second infrared sensor under the retraction of the hydraulic cylinder, and the transparent protective shell is in a low position at this time; S2: Placing the material to be tested: The concrete block or other brittle civil engineering material to be tested is placed stably in the center area of ​​the top of the placement platform; S3: Detection start and protection deployment: The hydraulic cylinder is activated to drive the pressing plate to move downward, and the pressure detection head approaches the material. During this process, the transparent protective shell moves upward to cover the detection area of ​​the placement platform for protection; S4: Pressure resistance testing and data acquisition: The hydraulic cylinder continuously provides pressure, and the pressure is detected... The head collects the pressure data of the material in real time until the material breaks; S5: Detection ends and component reset: After the material breaks, the hydraulic cylinder retracts and pulls the pressing plate to reset, and the transparent protective shell moves down to reset; S6: Debris cleaning and circulation preparation: The hydraulic cylinder continues to retract and drives the pressing plate to move towards the first infrared sensor. The second L-shaped body moves up synchronously and drives the third gear to rotate. Then the screw rotates and drives the scraper to push the debris outward, which is received by the debris collection shell. When the first infrared sensor senses the pressing plate, it is reset. The hydraulic cylinder drives the pressing plate to move down to the second infrared sensor to complete the reset.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The up-and-down movement of the pressure plate provides power to drive the scraper to clean up debris. When the pressure plate resets after the test, it can automatically drive the scraper to move horizontally along the top of the placement platform. With the help of the guide rod on the first partition, the scraper is kept in contact with the platform surface, achieving thorough cleaning of debris. This automated cleaning structure requires no manual intervention, which not only greatly improves cleaning efficiency and solves the problem of detection error caused by residual debris, but also ensures that the material is placed flat during each test, the force is transmitted evenly, and the test data can truly reflect the actual pressure resistance performance of the material, providing reliable data support for engineering design and quality assessment. 2. The up-and-down movement of the pressing plate provides the up-and-down motion power for the transparent protective shell, realizing the synchronization of detection loading and protective deployment. When the detection is started, the pressing plate automatically drives the transparent protective shell to rise during its downward movement, quickly forming a closed protective space. This effectively blocks flying fragments generated by the explosion of materials such as concrete blocks. Compared with the existing simple protective structure, this device provides more timely protection and more comprehensive coverage, eliminating the risk of personal injury to the testing personnel from fragments. At the same time, the transparent material design does not affect the observation of the testing process, balancing safety and convenience.

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after removing the transparent protective shell in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged diagram of A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after removing the placement platform in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the interaction between the placement platform and the lead screw in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the cooperation between the placement platform and the guide rod in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the placement platform of the present invention, partially cut out.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Machine base; 2. Placement platform; 3. Transparent protective shell; 4. L-shaped frame; 5. Hydraulic cylinder; 6. Pressing plate; 7. First L-shaped body; 8. First rack; 9. First gear; 10. Second rack; 11. Guide post; 12. Debris collection shell; 13. First partition; 14. Second partition; 15. Mounting base; 16. Lead screw; 17. Lead screw nut; 18. Third gear; 19. First connecting frame; 20. Scraper; 21. Second connecting frame; 22. Guide rod; 23. Second L-shaped body; 24. Third rack; 25. Pressure detection head; 26. Rectangular groove; 27. Spring; 28. Debris guide plate; 29. ​​First infrared sensor; 30. Second infrared sensor; 31. Guide post. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the above features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings for detailed explanation.

[0023] like Figures 1-7 As shown, a pressure resistance testing device for civil engineering materials includes a machine base 1, an L-shaped frame 4 vertically installed on the top of the machine base 1, a pressing plate 6 inside the L-shaped frame 4, and a pressure testing head 25 installed at the bottom of the pressing plate 6. The inner wall of the L-shaped frame 4 is equipped with a first infrared sensor 29 and a second infrared sensor 30, which are installed sequentially from top to bottom. A placement platform 2 is mounted on the top of the machine 1 via support legs. A first partition 13 is mounted on one side of the top of the placement platform 2, and a second partition 14 is mounted on the other side of the top of the placement platform 2. The second partition 14 is provided with a cleaning component for handling debris on the top of the placement platform 2; The outer side of the placement platform 2 is fitted with a protective component to block splashes; The cleaning assembly includes a scraper 20. The scraper 20 is movably disposed between the first partition 13 and the second partition 14. Mounting seats 15 are fixedly installed at both ends of the outer wall of the second partition 14. A lead screw 16 is horizontally rotatably mounted between the mounting seats 15. A lead screw nut 17 is provided on the lead screw 16. The top of the lead screw nut 17 is mounted on the outer wall of the scraper 20 through the first connecting bracket 19. A third gear 18 is fixedly installed at the end of the lead screw 16.

[0024] In an embodiment of the present invention, when the third gear 18 receives power and rotates, it directly drives the lead screw 16 to rotate synchronously between the two mounting seats 15. Since the lead screw 16 and the lead screw nut 17 are connected by a threaded engagement, the rotational motion of the lead screw 16 can be converted into the horizontal linear motion of the lead screw nut 17 along the axis of the lead screw 16. The top of the lead screw nut 17 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the scraper 20 through the first connecting frame 19. Therefore, the horizontal movement of the lead screw nut 17 will drive the scraper 20 to slide horizontally synchronously on the top of the placement platform 2 between the first partition 13 and the second partition 14 through the first connecting frame 19, thereby realizing the scraping action of removing debris from the top of the placement platform 2.

[0025] Mounting base 15 provides bidirectional support and positioning for lead screw 16, effectively preventing radial offset during rotation and ensuring the stability of threaded transmission. The threaded engagement between lead screw 16 and lead screw nut 17 provides a precise transmission ratio, allowing accurate control of the scraper 20's movement distance and speed, ensuring thorough debris removal. The overall transmission structure eliminates the need for complex drive components; power transmission to the scraper 20 is achieved solely through the linkage between gears and lead screw, simplifying the device structure while improving transmission efficiency, ensuring thorough debris removal, and preventing residual debris from affecting subsequent testing accuracy. See Figure 3 and Figure 4 A second L-shaped body 23 is vertically installed on the outer wall of the pressing plate 6, and the bottom of the second L-shaped body 23 slides through the top of the placement platform 2. A third rack 24 is vertically installed on the outer wall of the second L-shaped body 23, and the third rack 24 and the third gear 18 mesh with each other. The position of the third rack is staggered from that of the first rack. That is, when the first rack and the first gear are engaged and lifting, the third rack and the third gear are not engaged. Only after the third rack rises and disengages from the first gear will it rise and engage with the third gear for transmission. In other words, they do not affect each other.

[0026] In an embodiment of the present invention, when the detection is completed, the hydraulic cylinder 5 drives the pressing plate 6 to reset upwards. The pressing plate 6 will drive the second L-shaped body 23, which is fixedly connected to its outer wall, to move upwards vertically in sync. Since the bottom of the second L-shaped body 23 slides through the top of the placement platform 2, the placement platform 2 plays a vertical guiding role in the movement of the second L-shaped body 23, ensuring that the second L-shaped body 23 always moves in the vertical direction. The third rack 24, which is vertically fixed to the outer wall of the second L-shaped body 23, moves upwards synchronously with the second L-shaped body 23. The third rack 24 and the third gear 18 at the end of the lead screw 16 are in a time-limited meshing state. Therefore, the vertical movement of the third rack 24 will drive the third gear 18 to rotate around its own axis through tooth meshing, thereby converting the vertical reset power of the pressing plate 6 into the rotational power of the third gear 18, providing driving force for the lead screw 16 of the cleaning component.

[0027] This transmission structure enables the linkage between the reset action of the pressing plate 6 and the power of the cleaning component, eliminating the need for additional drive components such as motors and cylinders for the cleaning component. This greatly simplifies the overall structure of the device and reduces manufacturing costs and energy consumption. The meshing transmission between the third rack 24 and the third gear 18 features low power loss and rapid response, ensuring that the cleaning component can start in time when the pressing plate 6 resets, thus improving the continuity of the detection process. At the same time, the vertically guided second L-shaped body 23 ensures that the third rack 24 and the third gear 18 are always precisely meshed, avoiding faults such as tooth misalignment and tooth loss, improving transmission reliability, and extending the service life of the device.

[0028] See Figure 6 A guide rod 22 is horizontally installed on the outer wall of the first partition 13, and a second connecting frame 21 is slidably sleeved on the guide rod 22. The end of the second connecting frame 21 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the scraper 20. In an embodiment of the present invention, when the lead screw 16 of the cleaning component drives the lead screw nut 17 to move the scraper 20 horizontally along the top of the placement platform 2, the scraper 20 will simultaneously move the second connecting frame 21 fixedly connected to its outer wall. Since the second connecting frame 21 has a sliding hole in the middle that matches the guide rod 22, and the guide rod 22 is horizontally fixed to the outer wall of the first partition 13, the second connecting frame 21 will slide synchronously along the axial direction of the guide rod 22. During the entire sliding process, the guide rod 22 remains relatively fixed to the placement platform 2 through the first partition 13, providing a stable horizontal guide trajectory for the second connecting frame 21.

[0029] The cooperation between the guide rod 22 and the second connecting frame 21 effectively restricts the freedom of movement of the scraper 20, preventing the scraper 20 from shifting left or right or tilting up or down during horizontal movement due to factors such as the thread clearance of the lead screw 16 and the resistance of debris. This ensures that the bottom of the scraper 20 is always in close contact with the top of the placement platform 2, improving the thoroughness of debris removal. The sliding fit structure has a low coefficient of friction, which can reduce the wear between the second connecting frame 21 and the guide rod 22, reduce energy loss during transmission, ensure the smooth movement of the scraper 20, and prevent debris residue or damage to the scraper 20 due to jamming.

[0030] See Figure 1 Figure 3 The protective components include a transparent protective shell 3, which is slidably fitted onto the placement platform 2. A second rack 10 is vertically installed on the outer wall of the transparent protective shell 3, and a first gear 9 is meshed on the second rack 10. The first gear 9 is fixedly installed on the top of the machine base 1. Guide posts 11 are vertically installed at the four corners of the bottom of the transparent protective shell 3, and the bottom of the guide posts 11 slides through the top of the machine base 1. In an embodiment of the present invention, when the first gear 9 receives power and rotates around its fixed axis, its teeth will mesh with the teeth of the second rack 10, which is vertically fixed to the outer wall of the transparent protective shell 3. Through gear meshing transmission, the rotational motion of the first gear 9 is converted into the vertical linear motion of the second rack 10. The second rack 10 drives the transparent protective shell 3, which is fixed to it, to move vertically synchronously along the outside of the placement platform 2. Since the transparent protective shell 3 is slidably sleeved on the placement platform 2, the placement platform 2 plays a preliminary guiding role for the transparent protective shell 3. At the same time, the guide posts 11 at the four corners of the bottom of the transparent protective shell 3 slide through the top of the machine platform 1. The through holes of the machine platform 1 form a precise constraint on the guide posts 11, ensuring that the transparent protective shell 3 remains horizontal during vertical movement without tilting or shaking.

[0031] The transparent protective shell 3 is made of transparent materials such as high-strength acrylic and tempered glass, which can form a fully enclosed protective space on the top of the placement platform 2 during the testing process. This effectively blocks the flying fragments generated when brittle materials such as concrete blocks burst, completely eliminating the personal safety hazards to the testing personnel. The four-corner distribution design of the guide columns 11 further improves the stability of the transparent protective shell 3's movement, preventing it from deviating due to uneven force during lifting and lowering, and ensuring that the protection range accurately covers the testing area. The gear and rack transmission structure can achieve smooth control of the lifting speed of the transparent protective shell 3, avoiding impacts or vibrations caused by rapid lifting and lowering. At the same time, the transparent design does not affect the testing personnel's real-time observation of the internal material pressure status and testing progress, balancing safety and testing convenience.

[0032] See Figure 1A first L-shaped body 7 is vertically installed on the outer wall of the pressing plate 6, and the bottom of the first L-shaped body 7 slides through the top of the machine base 1. A first rack 8 is vertically installed on the outer wall of the first L-shaped body 7, and the first rack 8 and the first gear 9 mesh with each other. In an embodiment of the present invention, when the device starts the detection program, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 5 at the top of the L-shaped frame 4 extends downward, pushing the pressing plate 6 connected to it to move vertically downward along the inner side of the L-shaped frame 4; the first L-shaped body 7, which is vertically fixed on the outer wall of the pressing plate 6, moves down synchronously with the pressing plate 6. Since the bottom of the first L-shaped body 7 slides through the top of the machine base 1, the through hole of the machine base 1 forms a vertical constraint on the movement of the first L-shaped body 7, ensuring that the first L-shaped body 7 moves smoothly in the vertical direction; the first rack 8, which is vertically fixed on the outer wall of the first L-shaped body 7, moves down synchronously with the first L-shaped body 7. The first rack 8 and the first gear 9 fixed at the top of the machine base 1 are in a time-limited meshing state. Therefore, the vertical movement of the first rack 8 will drive the first gear 9 to rotate around its own fixed axis through tooth transmission (the two ends of the fixed axis are supported by support columns, which are fixed on the machine base), converting the detection loading power of the pressing plate 6 into the rotational power of the first gear 9, providing driving force for the second rack 10 of the protective component.

[0033] This transmission structure achieves synchronous linkage between the detection loading action and the protective action, eliminating the need for manual operation of the protective component's lifting and lowering. When the pressing plate 6 begins to move down and approach the detection material, the transparent protective shell 3 moves up and unfolds simultaneously; when the detection is completed and the pressing plate 6 moves up and resets, the transparent protective shell 3 moves down and retracts simultaneously. The entire process is automated, greatly improving detection efficiency and avoiding time delays or operational errors caused by manual operation of the protective component. The vertical guide design of the first L-shaped body 7 ensures precise meshing between the first rack 8 and the first gear 9, eliminating the risk of jamming or tooth disengagement during transmission. This ensures that the protective component is in place in time before the material may burst, maximizing detection safety. At the same time, there is no need to configure an independent drive system for the protective component, reducing the complexity and failure rate of the device.

[0034] Please see Figure 1 Furthermore, a hydraulic cylinder 5 is vertically installed through the top of the L-shaped frame 4, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 5 is installed on the top of the pressing plate 6. In an embodiment of the present invention, the hydraulic cylinder 5 is connected to an external hydraulic system via an oil pipe. When the hydraulic system injects high-pressure oil into the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 5, the oil pressure pushes the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 5 downward. The bottom of the piston rod is fixedly connected to the top of the pressing plate 6. Therefore, the extension of the piston rod will cause the pressing plate 6 to move downward along the vertical guide structure of the inner wall of the L-shaped frame 4. The pressure detection head 25 at the bottom of the pressing plate 6 moves downward and contacts the detection material on the placement platform 2, gradually applying pressure. After the detection is completed, the hydraulic system switches the oil flow direction and injects high-pressure oil into the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 5, pushing the piston rod to retract upward, thereby causing the pressing plate 6 and the pressure detection head 25 to synchronously reset upward to the initial position, corresponding to the second infrared sensor 30.

[0035] Hydraulic cylinder 5 features high output pressure, high pressure regulation accuracy, and controllable stroke. It can accurately simulate the static pressure load borne by civil engineering materials in actual engineering projects. In conjunction with pressure detection head 25, it can accurately collect the force changes of the material during the compression process, ensuring the accuracy of test data such as compressive strength and elastic modulus. Its transmission process is smooth and shock-free, which can avoid premature breakage or unexpected damage to the test material due to sudden pressure changes, ensuring that the test process meets the standard test procedures. At the same time, the hydraulic transmission has high reliability and strong overload protection capability. When the pressure of the test material reaches its limit, the hydraulic system can automatically relieve pressure through the relief valve to avoid damage to the device due to overload and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0036] See Figure 7 A rectangular groove 26 is provided on the front wall of the placement platform 2, and a debris guide plate 28 is slidably inserted into the rectangular groove 26. A spring 27 is horizontally and symmetrically installed at the insertion end of the debris guide plate 28, and the end of the spring 27 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the rectangular groove 26. The bottom of the part of the debris guide plate 28 located outside the rectangular groove 26 is chamfered. In an embodiment of the present invention, when the scraper 20 moves horizontally along the top of the placement platform 2 and pushes the residual debris after detection toward the debris guide plate 28, the debris slides along the top surface of the debris guide plate 28 under the pushing force of the scraper 20, and the debris slides down to the debris collection shell 12 below under the combined action of gravity and pushing force.

[0037] When the transparent protective shell 3 moves upward during the detection start-up, its top inner wall will first contact the bottom chamfer of the debris guide plate 28. As the transparent protective shell 3 continues to move upward, the squeezing force generated by the contact pushes the debris guide plate 28 into the rectangular groove 26, while compressing the spring 27 at the insertion end of the debris guide plate 28, until the debris guide plate 28 is completely retracted into the rectangular groove 26 to avoid interference with the transparent protective shell 3. When the detection is completed, the transparent protective shell 3 returns to its downward reset and disengages from the debris guide plate 28. The compressed spring 27 releases its elastic potential energy, generating a reverse thrust to push the debris guide plate 28 out of the rectangular groove 26 and return to its initial working position, preparing for the next debris guidance.

[0038] The debris guide plate 28 effectively prevents debris from entering the gap between the placement platform 2 and the transparent protective shell 3, avoiding dust accumulation in the gap that could cause the transparent protective shell 3 to jam during lifting or fail to seal, thus ensuring the smooth operation of the protective components. The linkage structure between the spring 27 and the debris guide plate 28 enables automated coordination of the lifting of the protective shell and the extension and retraction of the guide plate without manual intervention, improving the continuity of the testing process. At the same time, the telescopic design of the debris guide plate 28 does not occupy extra space, ensuring the integrity of the testing area at the top of the placement platform 2, and balancing the debris guiding function with the convenience of testing operations.

[0039] Please see Figure 1 Furthermore, a debris collection shell 12 is installed on the top of the machine 1, and the debris collection shell 12 is located directly below the chamfer of the debris guide plate 28; In an embodiment of the present invention, when the scraper 20 pushes the debris on the top of the placement platform 2 toward the debris guide plate 28, the debris slides naturally down the surface of the debris guide plate 28. Since the debris collection shell 12 is precisely installed directly below the chamfer of the debris guide plate 28, the sliding debris will fall directly into the debris collection shell 12. During the detection cycle, after each cleaning action of the scraper 20, the debris is continuously collected into the debris collection shell 12 through this guide path until the debris in the collection shell accumulates to a certain amount. Then, it can be directly removed from the top of the machine platform 1 for dumping and cleaning. After cleaning, it is reinstalled in its original position to achieve cyclic use.

[0040] The precise positioning design of the debris collection shell 12 ensures that all debris cleaned by the scraper 20 is collected, preventing debris from scattering onto the top of the machine 1 or the ground, reducing subsequent manual cleaning workload and maintaining a clean testing environment. The collection shell is detachable, making operation simple and convenient, facilitating regular cleaning and maintenance, and reducing the operating cost of the device. Simultaneously, the centralized collection method prevents debris from accumulating around the placement platform 2, preventing debris from entering the internal transmission structure of the device and causing component wear or malfunction, thus extending the overall service life of the device. Furthermore, centralized debris collection facilitates subsequent secondary analysis of the debris, providing auxiliary support for in-depth interpretation of the testing data.

[0041] The workflow of this embodiment is as follows: 1. Initial Setup: When the device is in standby mode, the pressing plate 6, under the retraction of the hydraulic cylinder 5, stops against the second infrared sensor 30 on the inner wall of the L-shaped frame 4. At this time, the transparent protective shell 3 is in a low position, and its top does not obstruct the detection area of ​​the placement platform 2. The debris guide plate 28, supported by the spring 27, partially extends out of the rectangular groove 26 of the placement platform 2. The debris collection shell 12 remains unloaded, waiting to receive debris. The operator can directly and stably place the concrete block or other brittle civil engineering materials to be tested on the center area of ​​the top of the placement platform 2, ensuring that the material does not shift or tilt, laying the foundation for the accuracy of subsequent testing.

[0042] 2. Detection Start-up and Protection Deployment: After the detection program of the device is started, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 5 at the top of the L-shaped frame 4 extends downward, pushing the pressing plate 6 to slowly move down along the vertical guide structure inside the L-shaped frame 4. The pressure detection head 25 at the bottom of the pressing plate 6 simultaneously approaches the material to be tested. During this process, the first L-shaped body 7 on the outer wall of the pressing plate 6 moves down synchronously with the pressing plate 6. The first rack 8 on its outer wall gradually meshes with the first gear 9 at the top of the machine platform 1. The moving first rack 8 drives the first gear 9 to rotate counterclockwise through tooth transmission. Since the first gear 9 meshes with the second rack 10 on the outer wall of the transparent protective shell 3, the rotation of the first gear 9 drives the second rack 10 to move upward, thereby pulling the transparent protective shell 3 up along the outside of the placement platform 2. At the same time, the guide post 11 at the bottom of the transparent protective shell 3 slides synchronously along the through hole of the machine platform 1 to ensure that the transparent protective shell 3 rises smoothly until it completely covers the detection area of ​​the placement platform 2, forming a closed protective space. At this time, the pressure detection head 25 of the pressing plate 6 just contacts the top of the material to be tested. The protective unfolding action and the detection loading action are completed synchronously, effectively avoiding the risk of material bursting and splashing.

[0043] 3. Pressure Resistance Testing and Data Acquisition: After the pressure testing head 25 contacts the material, the hydraulic cylinder 5 continuously outputs pressure, pushing the pressing plate 6 to slowly increase pressure. The pressure testing head 25 collects the pressure data of the material in real time and transmits the data to the external control system to generate a digital curve. During the pressurization process, the first infrared sensor 29 and the second infrared sensor 30 on the inner wall of the L-shaped frame 4 monitor the position of the pressing plate 6 in real time to ensure that the pressing plate 6 moves within the preset stroke and avoids damage to the device due to overtravel. When the material reaches the limit pressure, the concrete block bursts, and the resulting fragments are blocked by the transparent protective shell 3, preventing them from splashing to the outside and ensuring the safety of the operators.

[0044] 4. End of Detection and Component Reset: After material failure, hydraulic cylinder 5 stops pressurizing and begins to retract, pulling the pressing plate 6 upwards to reset. At this time, the first L-shaped body 7 moves upwards with the pressing plate 6, and the first rack 8 drives the first gear 9 to rotate clockwise, thereby driving the second rack 10 and the transparent protective shell 3 to move downwards synchronously, gradually opening the detection area of ​​the placement platform 2. When the pressing plate 6 moves from the second infrared sensor 30 to the first infrared sensor 29, the second L-shaped body 23 on the outer wall of the pressing plate 6 moves upwards synchronously, and the third rack 24 on its outer wall and the second partition 1... The outermost third gear 18 begins to mesh, and the upward-moving third rack 24 drives the third gear 18 to rotate, which in turn drives the lead screw 16, which is coaxial with it, to rotate between the mounting bases 15. The rotation of the lead screw 16 causes the lead screw nut 17 to move along the axis of the lead screw 16 toward the debris collection shell 12. The lead screw nut 17 pulls the scraper 20 to move synchronously through the first connecting frame 19. At the same time, the scraper 20 slides along the guide rod 22 through the second connecting frame 21, ensuring that the bottom of the scraper 20 is tightly attached to the top of the placement platform 2, pushing the debris generated by the explosion toward the debris guide plate 28.

[0045] 5. Debris Cleaning and Cycle Preparation: After the scraper 20 pushes the debris to the debris guide plate 28, the debris slides along the surface of the debris guide plate 28 into the debris collection shell 12 below, completing the centralized collection of debris; when the pressing plate 6 rises to the first infrared sensor 29, the third rack 24 disengages from the third gear 18, and the scraper 20 just completes the cleaning of debris on the top of the placement platform 2 and stops moving; subsequently, the hydraulic cylinder 5 drives the pressing plate 6 to move down from the first infrared sensor 29 to the second infrared sensor 30, returning to the initial standby position. During this process, the scraper 20 will reset to a position away from the debris collection shell 12; the operator can remove the debris collection shell 12, empty the internal debris, and reinstall it. At this point, the entire inspection cycle is completed, and the device awaits the next inspection task.

[0046] This invention is not limited to the preferred embodiment described above. Anyone inspired by this invention can derive various other forms of pressure resistance testing devices and their operating methods for civil engineering materials. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should be considered within the scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A pressure resistance testing device for civil engineering materials, characterized in that: The device includes a machine base and a placement platform fixed on the machine base. A vertically extending hydraulic cylinder is installed above the placement platform, and a pressing plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of its telescopic end. A first L-shaped body and a second L-shaped body are fixed on both sides of the pressing plate, respectively. A transparent protective shell is provided around the placement platform and is vertically slidably connected to the machine base. Both the transparent protective shell and the first L-shaped body are provided with racks, which mesh with the gears between them to make the pressing plate and the transparent protective shell move synchronously towards or away from each other. Partitions are fixed on both sides of the placement platform, and a scraper is mounted between the two partitions. The scraper is driven to reciprocate by a screw mounted on the partitions in the same direction. The end of the screw is synchronously linked with the second L-shaped body through the rack and gear. A pressure detection head for pressing materials is installed at the bottom of the pressing plate.

2. The pressure resistance testing device for civil engineering materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first rack is fixedly provided on the inner side of the vertical section of the first L-shaped body, and a second rack is fixedly provided on the side of the transparent protective shell near the first rack. A first gear is provided between the first rack and the second rack to mesh with both for linkage. The first gear is rotatably connected above the machine base.

3. The pressure resistance testing device for civil engineering materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transparent protective shell is square and surrounds the placement platform. Guide posts are fixed at the four corners of the bottom of the transparent protective shell. The guide posts extend vertically and slide through the platform at the bottom.

4. The pressure resistance testing device for civil engineering materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The partition includes a first partition and a second partition. The two ends of the lead screw are mounted on the outside of the first partition via mounting seats. The mounting seats are fixedly connected to the partition. The lead screw is rotatably connected to the mounting seats, and one end of the lead screw passes through the mounting seats and is coaxially linked with a third gear. A third rack is fixedly provided on the inner side of the vertical section of the second L-shaped body and meshes with the third gear. The lead screw is connected to a first connecting frame via a lead screw nut. The first connecting frame is fixedly connected to the scraper.

5. The pressure resistance testing device for civil engineering materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: The other end of the scraper is fixedly connected to the second connecting frame. A guide rod is mounted on the outer side of the second partition along its length. The bottom of the second connecting frame is slidably connected to the guide rod. The guide rod is arranged parallel to the lead screw.

6. The pressure resistance testing device for civil engineering materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The machine base is fixed with an L-shaped frame that extends vertically and bends at the top. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the top of the L-shaped frame. The pressing plate is fixed with a guide post that extends vertically upward and penetrates the L-shaped frame.

7. The pressure resistance testing device for civil engineering materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: The vertical section of the L-shaped frame is provided with two infrared sensors spaced at intervals on its inner side.

8. The pressure resistance testing device for civil engineering materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The placement platform has a rectangular groove recessed inward on the side away from the scraper. A debris guide plate is inserted into the rectangular groove. A spring is connected between the debris guide plate and the inner wall of the rectangular groove. The two ends of the spring are respectively fixed to the debris guide plate and the inner wall of the rectangular groove.

9. The pressure resistance testing device for civil engineering materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The debris guide plate is provided with a debris collection shell for receiving material debris, and the debris collection shell is fixedly connected to the machine base.

10. A method for operating a pressure resistance testing device for civil engineering materials, characterized in that, The pressure resistance testing device for civil engineering materials as described in any one of claims 1-9 is adopted and the following steps are performed: S1: Initial state preparation: that is, the pressing plate stops at the second infrared sensor under the contraction of the hydraulic cylinder, and the transparent protective shell is in a low position at this time; S2: Placement of the material to be tested: the concrete block or other brittle civil engineering material to be tested is placed stably in the center area of ​​the top of the placement platform; S3: Detection start and protection deployment: the hydraulic cylinder is started to drive the pressing plate to move down, the pressure detection head approaches the material, and during this process, the transparent protective shell moves upward to cover the detection area of ​​the placement platform for protection; S4: Pressure Resistance Testing and Data Acquisition: The hydraulic cylinder continuously provides pressure, and the pressure detection head collects the pressure data of the material in real time until the material breaks; S5: Testing End and Component Reset: After the material breaks, the hydraulic cylinder retracts and pulls the pressing plate to reset, and the transparent protective shell moves down to reset; S6: Debris Cleaning and Circulation Preparation: The hydraulic cylinder continues to retract, driving the pressing plate to move towards the first infrared sensor. The second L-shaped body moves up synchronously, linking with the rotation of the third gear. Then, the screw rotates, driving the scraper to push the debris outward, which is received by the debris collection shell. When the first infrared sensor senses the pressing plate, it resets. The hydraulic cylinder drives the pressing plate to move down to the second infrared sensor to complete the reset.

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