Vacuum switch tube and vacuum switch
By designing a multi-layered bellows and adjusting the pleated structure, the problem of sealing failure caused by uneven mechanical load on the bellows was solved, achieving high stability and long lifespan for the vacuum switch tube.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-10
AI Technical Summary
The bellows of existing vacuum switch tubes are prone to seal failure due to uneven mechanical load during long-term use, which affects their service life.
Design multi-layered corrugated pipes, using different materials and/or setting pleats on the corrugated pipes to counteract uneven loads, including changing the pleat height, spacing and material thickness to improve stability.
It significantly improves the stability and service life of the bellows, ensuring that the sealing function does not fail during tens of thousands of switching cycles.
Smart Images
Figure CN121844404A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The invention relates to a vacuum interrupter and to a vacuum switch having a vacuum interrupter. BACKGROUND
[0002] A circuit breaker is referred to below as a vacuum switch, which has at least one pair of two contact elements that are movable relative to one another, which contact elements are brought into contact with one another in a vacuum in order to close an electrical current path and are separated from one another in order to open the electrical current path, wherein vacuum is to be understood as meaning so-called technical vacuum.
[0003] A component of a vacuum switch is referred to below as a vacuum interrupter, which component comprises a tubular housing and at least one pair of two contact elements of a vacuum switch that are movable relative to one another. The tubular housing encloses a tube volume, which tube volume is evacuated in order to produce a vacuum. The contact elements that are fixedly connected to the tubular housing are often arranged in the tube volume. The further contact element that is movable relative to the tubular housing is guided through a tube opening in the tubular housing in order to be able to drive the contact element from the outside. The tube opening has to be sealed in order to prevent gas from entering the tube volume. In order to seal the tube opening, for example, a bellows is used, which has an end connected to the movable contact element and an end connected to the tubular housing. SUMMARY
[0004] The invention is to address the technical problem of specifying a vacuum interrupter having an improved bellows and a vacuum switch having such a vacuum interrupter.
[0005] According to the invention, the above-mentioned technical problem is solved by a vacuum interrupter having the features of claim 1 and by a vacuum switch having the features of claim 13.
[0006] Advantageous design embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.
[0007] The vacuum interrupter according to the invention comprises:
[0008] a tubular housing,
[0009] a contact element, which contact element projects into a tube volume enclosed by the tubular housing through a housing opening of the tubular housing, which contact element is movable relative to the tubular housing along a longitudinal axis of the contact element, and
[0010] a bellows, which bellows has a first end connected fixedly to the contact element and a second end connected fixedly to the tubular housing and enclosing the housing opening, wherein
[0011] the bellows is embodied to be multilayered.
[0012] The present application is directed to an embodiment of a bellows of a vacuum interrupter of a vacuum switch, which imparts a high stability and a long service life to the bellows, so that the bellows is designed, for example, for several ten thousand or several hundred thousand switching processes of the vacuum switch, which accordingly lead to a compression or a stretching of the bellows. For this purpose, the present application provides that the bellows is embodied to be multilayered. By the multilayered embodiment of the bellows, its stability and service life can be significantly increased compared to a single-layered embodiment. In particular, the multilayered embodiment of the bellows makes it possible that a partial layer damage of the bellows does not necessarily lead to a functional failure of the sealing housing opening of the bellows, since this function can be fulfilled by the undamaged partial layers of the bellows.
[0013] In one design of the present application, the bellows has at least two partial layers, which are made of different materials from one another. For example, at least one partial layer of the bellows is made of stainless steel and / or at least one partial layer of the bellows is made of an alloy comprising nickel, chromium, molybdenum and niobium.
[0014] The embodiment of the bellows with partial layers made of different materials from one another has the advantage that the advantages of the different materials can be combined. The partial layers made of stainless steel or made of an alloy comprising nickel, chromium, molybdenum and niobium are particularly advantageously suitable for the stability and service life of the bellows.
[0015] In another design of the vacuum interrupter according to the present application, the bellows has a plurality of folds extending around a longitudinal axis of the contact element, which folds have a fold structure varying along the longitudinal axis. Here, the fold structure is preferably adapted to counteract a non-uniform load of the bellows along the longitudinal axis of the contact element.
[0016] The aforementioned design of the vacuum interrupter according to the present application takes into account that the bellows of the vacuum interrupter is usually subjected to mechanical loads of different intensities along its longitudinal extension. Thus, the mechanical load of a region of the bellows usually depends on the position of the region along the longitudinal extension of the bellows. For example, the end regions of the bellows are often subjected to particularly large loads. This effect can be exacerbated by transverse forces acting on the bellows, for example by imperfect guiding of the bellows or, in particular if the mounting position of the bellows is horizontal, by the earth's gravity. In correspondence therewith, one design of the vacuum interrupter according to the present application provides that the variation of the fold structure of the folds of the bellows counteracts a non-uniform load of the bellows along the longitudinal axis of the contact element. In other words, the fold structure of the folds of the bellows along the longitudinal axis of the contact element is designed such that it compensates for a non-uniform load of the bellows along the longitudinal axis of the contact element. Thereby, the service life of the bellows can be advantageously increased.
[0017] In another design of the vacuum interrupter according to the application, the corrugation height of the corrugations of the bellows varies along the longitudinal axis of the contact element. For example, the corrugation height is smaller in regions of the bellows where the load is greater than in regions of the bellows where the load is smaller. In particular, the corrugation height of the corrugations of the bellows can decrease towards the first end and / or the second end of the bellows compared to the middle region of the bellows.
[0018] In another design of the vacuum interrupter according to the application, the corrugation pitch of two corrugations of the bellows adjacent to each other varies along the longitudinal axis of the contact element. For example, the corrugation pitch is greater in regions of the bellows where the load is greater than in regions of the bellows where the load is smaller. In particular, the corrugation pitch can increase towards the first end and / or the second end of the bellows compared to the middle region of the bellows.
[0019] In another design of the vacuum interrupter according to the application, the material thickness of the bellows varies along the longitudinal axis of the contact element. For example, the material thickness is greater in regions of the bellows where the load is greater than in regions of the bellows where the load is smaller. In particular, the material thickness can increase towards the first end and / or the second end of the bellows compared to the middle region of the bellows.
[0020] That is, in the aforementioned designs of the vacuum interrupter according to the application, by the corrugations of the bellows, the varying geometry along the longitudinal extension, by the corrugation height, the corrugation pitch or the material thickness varying along the longitudinal extension, the inhomogeneous load of the bellows along its longitudinal extension is compensated. Here, too, these features of the corrugation structure can be combined with each other such that the bellows has regions along its longitudinal extension in which the corrugation height, the corrugation pitch and / or the material thickness differ from each other. The decrease of the corrugation height, the increase of the corrugation pitch and / or the increase of the material thickness towards the end of the bellows leads to a reduction of the load of the end region of the bellows having this end and takes into account that the end region of the bellows generally bears a particularly high load.
[0021] The vacuum switch according to the application has a vacuum interrupter configured according to the application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0022] The features, characteristics and advantages of the application described above, as well as the implementation thereof, will become more apparent and more easily understood in connection with the description of embodiments, which follows, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Herein, in the drawings:
[0023] Figure 1 a sectional view of an embodiment of a vacuum interrupter is shown,
[0024] Figure 2 a sectional view of a first embodiment of a bellows of a vacuum interrupter is shown,
[0025] Figure 3 a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a bellows of a vacuum interrupter is shown,
[0026] Figure 4 a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a bellows of a vacuum interrupter is shown,
[0027] Figure 5 a cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a bellows of a vacuum interrupter is shown,
[0028] Figure 6 a cross-sectional view of a fifth embodiment of a bellows of a vacuum interrupter is shown,
[0029] Figure 7 a block diagram of an embodiment of a vacuum interrupter is shown.
[0030] In the drawings, parts corresponding to one another are provided with the same reference signs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] Figure 1 (ATTACHMENT Figure 1 ) An embodiment of a vacuum interrupter 1 is shown in a schematic cross-sectional view. The vacuum interrupter 1 comprises a tubular housing 3, a first contact element 5, a second contact element 7 and a bellows 9.
[0032] The tubular housing 3 encloses a tube volume 11 which is evacuated to vacuum for the operation of the vacuum interrupter 1. The tubular housing 3 has a housing opening 13 for the second contact element 7.
[0033] The first contact element 5 is arranged in the tube volume 11 and is fixedly connected with the tubular housing 3. The second contact element 7 is guided through the housing opening 13 and protrudes into the tube volume 11. The second contact element 7 can be moved relative to the tubular housing 3 along a longitudinal axis 15 of the second contact element 7 between a first switching position, in which the second contact element 7 is in galvanic contact with the first contact element 5, and a Figure 1 second switching position, in which the second contact element 7 is separated from the first contact element 5. The longitudinal axis 15 of the second contact element 7 is also the longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter 1 and the longitudinal axis of the bellows 9.
[0034] The two contact elements 5, 7 have plunger-like contact areas 17, 19 facing one another, which abut against one another in the first switching position. The tubular housing 3 is embodied to be wider at the region of the contact areas 17, 19 than at its end regions, that is to say, to have a greater diameter in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 15.
[0035] A bellows 9 is arranged within a tube volume 11. A first end 21 of the bellows 9 is fixedly connected to a second contact element 7. A second end 23 of the bellows 9, opposite to the first end 21, is fixedly connected to a tubular housing 3 and surrounds the housing opening 13. The bellows 9 encloses the tube volume 11 relative to the surrounding environment of the vacuum switch tube 1 and has pleats 25 extending around the longitudinal axis 15 of the contact element 7. The first end 21 of the bellows 9 is connected to the second contact element 7, for example, by welding. The second end 23 of the bellows 9 is connected to the tubular housing 3, for example, by welding.
[0036] exist Figures 2 to 6 An embodiment of the bellows 9 is shown. Here, in Figures 2 to 6 The figures show cross-sectional views of a portion of the bellows 9.
[0037] Figure 2 (Appendix) Figure 2 The diagram illustrates a first embodiment of the bellows 9. The bellows 9 is implemented as a multilayered structure having three layers 35, 36, and 37. The layers 35, 36, and 37 are made of different materials from each other. For example, at least one layer 35, 36, and 37 is made of stainless steel, while at least one layer 35, 36, and 37 is made of an alloy containing nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and niobium.
[0038] In other embodiments, instead of three layers 35, 36, 37, the bellows 9 may have only two or more layers. Alternatively or additionally, the bellows 9 may have a pleated structure that varies along the longitudinal axis 15. Figures 3 to 6 Accordingly, embodiments of a bellows 9 having a pleated structure varying along the longitudinal axis 15 are shown. In each of these embodiments, with Figure 2 Similar to the illustrated embodiment, the bellows 9 is implemented as multi-layered; however, in which... Figures 3 to 6 The layers 35, 36, and 37 of the bellows 9 are not shown. Here, the pleated structure of the bellows 9 correspondingly counteracts the uneven mechanical load on the bellows 9 along the longitudinal axis 15. Figures 3 to 6 Embodiments of the bellows 9 are shown below, wherein the mechanical load in regions 27 and 29 is correspondingly greater than that in region 31. In these embodiments, each region 27, 29 is an end region of the bellows 9, while region 31 is an intermediate region of the bellows 9, wherein region 27 includes a first end 21 of the bellows 9, and region 29 includes a second end 23 of the bellows 9. However, in other embodiments, regions 27, 29, and 31 may be other regions of the bellows 9.
[0039] Figure 3 (Appendix) Figure 3A second embodiment of the bellows 9 is shown. In this embodiment, the fold height h of the folds 25 of the bellows 9 varies along the longitudinal axis 15. Here, the fold height h of the folds 25 of the bellows 9 decreases in the region 27 towards the first end 21 of the bellows 9 and in the region 29 towards the second end 23 of the bellows 9 compared to the region 31 of the bellows 9. The fold height h of the folds 25 represents the difference between the maximum and the minimum distance of the fold surface 33 of the folds 25 from the longitudinal axis 15.
[0040] Figure 4 (attach Figure 4 A third embodiment of the bellows 9 is shown. In this embodiment, the fold spacing d of two folds 25 of the bellows 9 adjacent to each other varies along the longitudinal axis 15. Here, the fold spacing d increases in the region 29 towards the second end 23 of the bellows 9 compared to the region 31 of the bellows 9.
[0041] Figure 5 (attach Figure 5 A fourth embodiment of the bellows 9 is shown. In this embodiment, the material thickness b of the folds 25 of the bellows 9 varies along the longitudinal axis 15. Here, the material thickness b of the folds 25 of the bellows 9 increases in the region 27 towards the first end 21 of the bellows 9 and in the second region 29 towards the second end 23 of the bellows 9 compared to the region 31 of the bellows 9.
[0042] Figure 6 (attach Figure 6 A fifth embodiment of the bellows 9 is shown. In this embodiment, the fold height h, the fold spacing d and the material thickness b of the folds 25 of the bellows 9 vary along the longitudinal axis 15. Here, the fold spacing d and the material thickness b increase in the region 27 towards the first end 21 of the bellows 9 compared to the region 31 of the bellows 9. In the region 29, the fold height h decreases towards the second end 23 of the bellows 9 compared to the region 31 of the bellows 9 and the fold spacing d increases towards the second end 23 of the bellows 9 compared to the region 31 of the bellows 9.
[0043] Figure 7 (attach Figure 7 A block diagram of an embodiment of the vacuum switch 40 is shown. The vacuum switch 40 has a switch housing 41, a vacuum interrupter 1 and a drive unit 42. The vacuum switch 40 can have other components, which are not shown in Figure 7 as these components are not relevant to the present invention. The vacuum interrupter 1 is arranged in the switch housing 41 and is configured according to one of the embodiments described according to Figures 1 to 6 The drive unit 42 is configured for moving the second contact element 7 relative to the tubular housing 3 of the vacuum interrupter 1 along its longitudinal axis 15. The drive unit 42 can be arranged outside or inside the switch housing 41.
[0044] While the application has been further shown and described in detail by means of preferred embodiments, the application is not limited to the examples disclosed, but can be modified in various ways without departing from the scope of the application.
Claims
1. A vacuum switch transistor (1), the vacuum switch transistor comprising: - Tubular shell (3). - A contact element (7) extending through a housing opening (13) of the tubular housing (3) into a tubular volume (11) surrounded by the tubular housing (3), the contact element being movable relative to the tubular housing (3) along the longitudinal axis (15) of the contact element (7), and - A bellows (9) having a first end (21) and a second end (23), the first end being fixedly connected to the contact element (7), and the second end being fixedly connected to the tubular housing (3) and surrounding the housing opening (13), wherein, - The bellows (9) is implemented as being multi-layered.
2. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The corrugated pipe (9) has at least two layers (35, 36, 37) made of different materials.
3. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, At least one layer (35, 36, 37) of the bellows (9) is made of stainless steel.
4. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, At least one layer (35, 36, 37) of the bellows (9) is made of an alloy containing nickel, chromium, molybdenum and niobium.
5. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The bellows (9) has a plurality of pleats (25) extending around the longitudinal axis (15) of the contact element (7), the pleats having a pleated structure that varies along the longitudinal axis (15).
6. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to claim 5, wherein, The pleated structure counteracts the uneven load on the bellows (9) along the longitudinal axis (15) of the contact element (7).
7. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, The fold height (h) of the folds (25) of the bellows (9) varies along the longitudinal axis (15) of the contact element (7).
8. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to claim 7, wherein, Compared to the middle region (31) of the bellows (9), the fold height (h) of the folds (25) of the bellows (9) decreases toward the first end (21) and / or the second end (23) of the bellows (9).
9. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein, The fold spacing (d) of two adjacent folds (25) of the bellows (9) varies along the longitudinal axis (15) of the contact element (7).
10. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to claim 9, wherein, Compared to the middle region (31) of the bellows (9), the pleat spacing (d) increases toward the first end (21) and / or the second end (23) of the bellows (9).
11. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein, The material thickness (b) of the bellows (9) varies along the longitudinal axis (15) of the contact element (7).
12. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to claim 11, wherein, Compared to the middle region (31) of the bellows (9), the material thickness (b) increases toward the first end (21) and / or the second end (23) of the bellows (9).
13. A vacuum switch (40) having a vacuum switch tube (1) constructed according to any one of the preceding claims.