Energy-saving land leveling shovel with adjustable working face width

Abstract

The energy-saving land leveling shovel comprises a vehicle frame, walking wheels, a vehicle arm, a land leveling shovel plate and a side wing shovel plate, the multiple walking wheels are rotationally arranged on one side of the vehicle frame, the other side of the vehicle frame is rotationally hinged to the bottom of the rear side of the vehicle arm, and the land leveling shovel plate is rotationally connected to the bottom of the front side of the vehicle arm; side wing shovel plates are fixedly connected to the two sides of the land leveling shovel plate; the included angle alpha between the side wing shovel plate and the land leveling shovel plate is more than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees; a first hydraulic cylinder is connected between the side wall of the vehicle arm and the upper portion of the land leveling shovel plate, and the two ends of the first hydraulic cylinder are rotationally hinged to the vehicle arm and the land leveling shovel plate respectively. The energy-saving land leveling shovel with the adjustable working face width has the beneficial effects that flexible adaptation of the working face width of 2-5 m is achieved, the workload and energy consumption are reduced, the economical efficiency is remarkably improved, the service life of equipment is prolonged, the working period is greatly shortened, and the working efficiency and the land leveling precision are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to an energy-saving leveling shovel with adjustable working surface width. Background Technology

[0002] Land leveling is a crucial step in agricultural production, and the grader, as a core operating component, directly impacts operational efficiency, energy consumption, and stability through its structural design. However, existing grader technologies suffer from significant shortcomings, as detailed below: Traditional land levelers have a fixed working face width, resulting in poor adaptability and economy: Traditional agricultural land levelers generally adopt a structure of "shovel plate + two vertically fixed baffles". The shovel plate and vertical baffles are fixedly connected, making the working face width completely unadjustable. This makes it impossible to adapt to the power requirements of different operations (i.e., with the working face width unchanged, excavation requires a 300HP tractor, while filling only requires 150HP). This results in wasted power during idling and filling operations, leading to high energy consumption. At the same time, the fixed vertical baffles easily cause soil to accumulate unevenly, requiring reverse travel during unloading, further extending the operation cycle.

[0003] Existing improved structures suffer from insufficient stability, resulting in significant mechanical wear and operational defects. To address the width adjustment issue, some technologies (such as Chinese patent CN220653938U) employ a telescopic structure consisting of a main blade, side blades, a chute, and a roller sliding assembly. The working length is adjusted by driving the side blades to slide using a hydraulic cylinder. However, this structure still has significant limitations: the sliding fit between the chute and rollers is prone to deviating from the track in hard working environments, causing the blades to fail to extend or retract properly; unreasonable sliding clearance and track guidance designs exacerbate mechanical wear during operation; and the lack of optimized soil guiding structure leads to soil leakage or misalignment, resulting in excessive mechanical stress due to eccentric loads. Therefore, it fails to fundamentally solve the core problems of operational stability and mechanical wear.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of flatbed shovel that completely breaks through the limitations of traditional fixed structures and existing sliding telescopic structures, and achieves the comprehensive requirements of flexible adjustable working face width, strong stability and low energy consumption through structural optimization. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide an energy-saving leveling shovel with an adjustable working surface width, which can flexibly adapt to a working surface width of 2-5 meters, reduce workload and energy consumption, significantly improve economy, extend equipment service life, greatly shorten the operation cycle, and significantly improve operation efficiency and land leveling accuracy.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: an energy-saving leveling shovel with adjustable working surface width, characterized in that it includes a frame, wheels, arm, leveling blade, and side blades; a plurality of wheels are rotatably arranged on one side of the frame; the other side of the frame is rotatably hinged to the rear bottom of the arm; the leveling blade is rotatably connected to the front bottom of the arm; the side blades are fixedly connected to both sides of the leveling blade; the included angle between the side blades and the leveling blade is 90° < α < 180°; a first hydraulic cylinder is connected between the side wall of the arm and the top of the leveling blade, and the two ends of the first hydraulic cylinder are respectively rotatably hinged to the arm and the leveling blade.

[0007] Furthermore, the outer edge of the side wing shovel is arc-shaped.

[0008] Furthermore, a second hydraulic cylinder is rotatably mounted on the side wall of the arm, and the telescopic end of the second hydraulic cylinder is rotatably hinged to the frame.

[0009] Furthermore, a connecting frame is rotatably hinged to the top front side of the arm.

[0010] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention discloses an energy-saving leveling shovel with adjustable working width. Through the combination design of the leveling shovel plate and the side wing shovel plate and the hydraulically driven angle adjustment, it can flexibly adapt to a working width of 2-5 meters. It can meet the leveling operation needs of multiple scenarios such as excavation and filling without changing the equipment, and completely solves the problem of poor adaptability of traditional fixed-width leveling shovels. At the same time, it is compatible with the power output of 150HP tractors, avoiding the 150HP power waste caused by using 300HP tractors in traditional fixed-width structures. Compared with traditional equipment, it reduces the workload and energy consumption by about 50%, and significantly improves the economy.

[0011] 2. This invention discloses an energy-saving leveling shovel with adjustable working surface width. It abandons the traditional splicing structure and the existing chute-roller sliding telescopic structure, and adopts an integrated leveling shovel plate and side wing shovel plate with an optimized angle design to avoid eccentric load during operation and eliminate the risk of track deviation. At the same time, it eliminates sliding gap wear, and high-strength components are used at each hinge to extend the service life of the equipment, fundamentally solving the core pain points of insufficient stability and high mechanical wear in existing technologies.

[0012] 3. This invention discloses an energy-saving leveling shovel with adjustable working surface width. Through the design of the side wing shovel plate with an included angle of 90° < α < 180° and the arc-shaped outer edge, the soil is guided to naturally concentrate towards the center, avoiding offset accumulation and side leakage. There is no need to reverse the unloading, which greatly shortens the operation cycle. The combination of the leveling shovel plate and the side wing shovel plate ensures that the working surface is flat and covered. The height error of leveling operation is ≤ ±2 cm, which significantly improves the operation efficiency and land leveling accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an energy-saving leveling shovel with adjustable working surface width according to the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The right view.

[0016] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Rear view.

[0017] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Top view.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Wheels; 3. Flatbed shovel; 4. Side wing shovel; 5. First hydraulic cylinder; 6. Second hydraulic cylinder; 7. Connecting frame; 8. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-4 The principles and features of the present invention are described, making the technical means, creative features, and achieved objectives of the present invention readily understandable, and the present invention is further elaborated.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "front end," "rear end," "both ends," "one end," and "the other end," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] like Figure 1-4 As shown, an energy-saving leveling shovel with adjustable working width includes a frame 1, wheels 2, arm 3, leveling blade 4, and side blades 5. Several wheels 2 are rotatably mounted on one side of the frame 1, and the other side of the frame 1 is rotatably hinged to the rear bottom of the arm 3. The leveling blade 4 is rotatably connected to the front bottom of the arm 3. Side blades 5 are fixedly connected to both sides of the leveling blade 4, and the outer edge of the side blades 5 is arc-shaped. The included angle between the side blades 5 and the leveling blade 4 is 90° < α < 180°. A first hydraulic cylinder 6 is connected between the side wall of the arm 3 and the top of the leveling blade 4, and the two ends of the first hydraulic cylinder 6 are rotatably hinged to the arm 3 and the leveling blade 4, respectively.

[0024] A second hydraulic cylinder 7 is rotatably mounted on the side wall of the arm 3, and the telescopic end of the second hydraulic cylinder 7 is rotatably hinged to the frame 1; a connecting frame 8 is rotatably hinged to the top front side of the arm 3.

[0025] (I) Component selection and assembly Frame 1 and wheels 2: Frame 1 is made of high-strength steel welded together to ensure load-bearing stability; wheels 2 are agricultural anti-skid tires, with a quantity of 4, symmetrically installed on frame 1 to ensure smooth movement.

[0026] Boom 3 and connecting frame 8: Boom 3 is forged from alloy structural steel, and its length is set according to the operation requirements. The hinge joint with the frame 1 uses a high-strength bearing to ensure smooth rotation. The connecting frame 8 adopts a plate-type hinge structure and is equipped with quick-release bolts for easy connection with the tractor.

[0027] Leveling blade 4 and side blade 5: Leveling blade 4 is forged from high-strength alloy steel and is 2 meters wide; side blade 5 is made of lightweight aluminum alloy and the angle α between it and leveling blade 4 is set at 120° (which can be adjusted within the range of 90°-180° as needed). It is fixed to both sides of leveling blade 4 by welding to ensure connection strength.

[0028] Hydraulic drive mechanism: The first hydraulic cylinder 6 and the second hydraulic cylinder 7 are both high-pressure hydraulic cylinders with a working pressure ≥16MPa, a cylinder diameter of 50mm, and a stroke of 300mm; the hydraulic pipeline uses high-pressure rubber hoses and is equipped with leak-proof joints, which are linked with the tractor hydraulic system to ensure stable power transmission.

[0029] (II) Work Process Movement and Operation Preparation: The leveling shovel is fixedly hinged to the 150HP tractor via the connecting frame 8. At this time, the second hydraulic cylinder 7 is in the extended state, driving the walking wheels 2 to lower and the leveling shovel plate 4 to lift. The equipment can be moved to the work site by the tractor. After arrival, check the linkage status of the hydraulic drive mechanism and each component, and set the corresponding operation parameters for excavation or leveling according to the operation requirements.

[0030] Excavation operation: Activate the second hydraulic cylinder 7 to retract, driving the frame 1 to rotate relative to the boom 3, causing the travel wheels 2 to lift off the ground. Simultaneously, adjust the height of the boom 3 to bring the shovel assembly close to the working surface; (e.g.) Figure 5 As shown, the first hydraulic cylinder 6 drives the leveling blade 4 to tilt downwards, and the side blades 5 adjust their posture with the leveling blade 4, reducing the working width to about 2 meters. When the tractor pulls the equipment, the leveling blade 4 and the side blades 5 work together to dig the soil, and the soil is guided towards the center under the angle.

[0031] Filling operation: After the excavation is completed, keep the second hydraulic cylinder 7 in the retracted state (walking wheel 2 continuously raised), drive the leveling shovel 4 to return to a vertical position with the ground through the first hydraulic cylinder 6, and the bottom edge of the side wing shovel 5 contacts the ground, expanding the working surface width to about 5 meters; finely adjust the extension and retraction of the second hydraulic cylinder 7 to make the leveling shovel 4 completely fit the ground; the tractor pulls the equipment to travel at a constant speed to achieve large-area precise filling and leveling operation.

[0032] Unloading and equipment transfer: The soil is concentrated in the central area. After the tractor travels to the filling area, the tilt angle of the leveling blade 4 is finely adjusted by the first hydraulic cylinder 6 to complete the soil unloading. After unloading, the second hydraulic cylinder 7 is extended, the traveling wheels 2 are lowered and the leveling blade 4 is raised. The equipment can be moved to the next work area or storage location by the tractor.

[0033] (III) Control of key parameters The hydraulic drive mechanism has a response time of ≤0.5 seconds, ensuring rapid adjustment of the working posture; the height error of the leveling operation is ≤±2 cm, meeting the leveling requirements of agricultural production; the working surface width can be adjusted from 2 meters (±0.2 meters) to 5 meters (±0.3 meters), covering the needs of multiple operating scenarios; the wear resistance of each hinge is ≥5000 hours of working life, suitable for long-term field operations.

[0034] Based on the integrated structural design of the flatbed shovel of this invention, the flexible adjustable working width (2-5 meters) and the optimized hydraulic drive scheme, when a small horsepower tractor drives this equipment, the side wing shovel plate with an angle design of 90° < α < 180° and the soil guiding effect of the arc-shaped outer side can effectively avoid soil offset accumulation and side leakage. There is no need to reverse the driving to unload, which greatly shortens the operation cycle. It can not only complete the operation tasks of a 300HP tractor driving a six-meter traditional flatbed shovel, but also eliminate eccentric load and sliding clearance wear through structural optimization, thus extending the service life of the equipment.

[0035] This invention is not only compatible with the power output of 150HP tractors, but also with the widely used 200HP tractors nationwide. It enables efficient land leveling without requiring additional power equipment upgrades, reducing energy consumption by approximately 50% compared to traditional fixed-width land levelers. This effectively avoids the power waste problem during filling operations in traditional designs. Furthermore, the height error during land leveling is ≤±2 cm. While ensuring equivalent operational efficiency, it further improves land leveling accuracy, significantly expanding the application scenarios and target users of the equipment, and completely breaking the dependence of traditional land levelers on high-horsepower tractors.

[0036] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An energy-saving leveling shovel with adjustable working surface width, characterized in that, It includes a frame, wheels, arm, leveling blade, and side blades. Several wheels are rotatably mounted on one side of the frame. The other side of the frame is rotatably hinged to the rear bottom of the arm. The leveling blade is rotatably connected to the front bottom of the arm. The side blades are fixedly connected to both sides of the leveling blade. The angle between the side blades and the leveling blade is 90° < α < 180°. A first hydraulic cylinder is connected between the side wall of the arm and the top of the leveling blade. The two ends of the first hydraulic cylinder are rotatably hinged to the arm and the leveling blade, respectively.

2. The energy-saving leveling shovel with adjustable working surface width according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer edge of the side wing shovel is arc-shaped.

3. The energy-saving leveling shovel with adjustable working surface width according to claim 1, characterized in that, A second hydraulic cylinder is rotatably mounted on the side wall of the arm, and the telescopic end of the second hydraulic cylinder is rotatably hinged to the frame.

4. The energy-saving leveling shovel with adjustable working surface width according to claim 1, characterized in that, A connecting frame is rotatably hinged to the top front side of the arm.

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