Multi-energy collaborative environment regulation and control system for aquaculture greenhouse in cold region

Abstract

The invention discloses a cold region aquaculture greenhouse multi-energy collaborative environment regulation and control system, which relates to the technical field of environment regulation and control, and comprises a greenhouse structure, an energy end and an environment regulation and control end, the greenhouse structurally comprises an inner-layer framework, an outer-layer framework, a double-layer covering film, stand columns in the greenhouse, supporting rods, snow vibrators arranged on the outer-layer framework, unpowered air caps and photovoltaic panels arranged on the greenhouse roof, a greenhouse north wall, a low south wall and photovoltaic panels on the outer vertical face of the south side of the greenhouse. The energy end comprises a solar heat collection module, a well water module, a water source heat pump module, an energy storage water tank, a tunnel air module, a breeding pool coil pipe loop, a greenhouse space loop and a solar photoelectric module. The environment regulation and control end comprises a ventilation module and a control module. Through cooperative utilization of multiple energy forms such as solar heat collection, well water energy storage, a water source heat pump, tunnel fresh air and photovoltaic power generation, dependence on traditional energy is greatly reduced, and the operation energy consumption of the system is reduced by 30% or above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of environmental control technology, specifically a multi-functional synergistic environmental control system for greenhouses used in cold-region aquaculture. Background Technology

[0002] Aquaculture in cold regions is often constrained by low temperatures. Traditional greenhouses typically rely on single energy sources (such as coal, electric heating, or heat pumps) for insulation, resulting in high energy consumption, high operating costs, and significant temperature fluctuations. While some existing technologies attempt to incorporate renewable energy sources like solar and geothermal energy, these often suffer from low system integration and insufficient energy synergy, making it difficult to achieve coordinated control of the aquaculture water and greenhouse air environment. Furthermore, the complex climatic conditions in cold regions, including snow cover in winter, high temperatures in summer, and large temperature differences between spring and autumn, place higher demands on greenhouse structure, ventilation and dehumidification, and equipment antifreeze measures.

[0003] Currently, there is no comprehensive system that can effectively integrate multiple energy forms such as solar thermal, photovoltaic, underground wind, well water storage, and water source heat pumps, and achieve stable, efficient, and intelligent year-round control of aquaculture greenhouses in cold regions. Therefore, developing a multi-energy synergistic, intelligently controlled environmental control system for aquaculture greenhouses adapted to the climate characteristics of cold regions is of significant practical importance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art; Therefore, this invention proposes a multi-functional synergistic environmental control system for greenhouse aquaculture in cold regions, comprising: Greenhouse structure, energy supply, and environmental control; The greenhouse structure includes inner and outer double-layer film covering, internal columns, support rods, snow shakers installed on the outer frame, north wall of the greenhouse, low south wall, and first and second photovoltaic panels respectively installed on the outer frame and the south facade. The energy source includes a solar thermal collector module, a well water module, a water source heat pump module, an energy storage tank, a breeding pond coil loop, a greenhouse space loop, and a solar photovoltaic module; The environmental control unit includes a ventilation module and a control module; The control module uses sensor data to perform energy scheduling and mode switching, and coordinates the regulation of greenhouse temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration.

[0005] Furthermore, the solar thermal collector module is arranged on the north wall of the greenhouse, using a parallel manifold pipe layout, operating in a parallel, bottom-supply-top-return manner, and equipped with a water replenishment pump and a circulation pump.

[0006] Furthermore, the well water module includes a well, a circulating pump, and a titanium plate heat exchanger. The well water serves as a low-temperature heat source in winter and a high-temperature heat sink in summer, and also provides cooling for the photovoltaic panels.

[0007] Furthermore, the energy storage tank includes a hot water storage tank and a cold water storage tank, which are used to store the heat and cold provided by the solar thermal collector module, the water source heat pump module, and the well water module, respectively.

[0008] Furthermore, the ventilation module includes a tunnel air intake system and a non-powered ventilator exhaust system. The tunnel air intake system is equipped with an outdoor air inlet and an indoor air inlet, as well as a soil-buried pipe buried in the soil, which utilizes the soil constant temperature layer to preheat or precool the fresh air.

[0009] Furthermore, the control module is based on a PLC or microcontroller and integrates temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration sensors to achieve automatic switching between winter heating, summer cooling, and year-round ventilation and dehumidification.

[0010] Furthermore, the second photovoltaic panel has cooling water pipes arranged on its back panel, which are connected to a cold water storage tank to cool the photovoltaic panel at high temperatures and improve power generation efficiency.

[0011] Furthermore, in winter, when the temperature of the hot water storage tank is below 35°C and the temperature of the aquaculture pond or greenhouse is below the set value, the system starts the water source heat pump for supplemental heating; in summer, when the temperature of the cold water storage tank is above 20°C and exceeds the temperature limit, the system starts the water source heat pump for supplemental cooling.

[0012] Furthermore, the underground ventilation system is equipped with an exhaust fan that works in conjunction with a non-powered ventilator to enhance ventilation through thermal pressure suction.

[0013] Furthermore, the system has an antifreeze mode for winter. When the ambient temperature is below 5°C, it automatically drains the outdoor pipeline or switches to antifreeze circulation mode.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This application enables multi-energy complementarity and high energy efficiency: by synergistically utilizing various energy forms such as solar thermal collection, well water energy storage, water source heat pumps, and photovoltaic power generation, it significantly reduces dependence on traditional energy sources and achieves a reduction of more than 30% in system operating energy consumption.

[0015] Stable regulation throughout the year: By utilizing energy storage tanks and well water modules, heat and cold can be stored and utilized across seasons, ensuring continuous and stable heating in winter and cooling in summer, and avoiding stress caused by drastic temperature fluctuations to aquaculture.

[0016] It can also achieve intelligent control and precise response: the control module based on PLC or microcontroller integrates multiple environmental sensors and can automatically switch the operating mode according to real-time data to achieve precise regulation of temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the greenhouse structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the energy and control system structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a plan view of the device of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Please see Figure 1-3 This application provides a multi-functional synergistic environmental control system for aquaculture greenhouses in cold regions, including: Greenhouse: The breeding pond 1 is set on the ground, and a soil-buried pipe 2 is buried at its lower end. One end of the soil-buried pipe protrudes from the ground and is provided with an air inlet 201, and the other end is provided with an air outlet 202. An inner support column 3 is installed on the ground on one side of the air inlet 201 in the breeding pond 1. The inner support column 3 is used to support the inner frame 6, and the inner frame 6 is covered with an inner film 402. The outer frame 7 is set outside the inner frame 6, and the outer frame 7 is covered with an outer film 401. A snow shaker can be installed on the outer film 401 to facilitate the removal of snow. The inner film 402 is rolled up by a film rolling machine 4. The film rolling machine 4 is set at the upper end of the inner frame 6. A support rod 5 is provided between the internal column 3 and the inner frame 6; The outer film 401 has a first photovoltaic panel 9 and a non-powered wind cap 10 arranged at intervals along the length direction.

[0020] A passageway 11 is provided on one side of the support column 3 inside the greenhouse. The north wall 12 of the greenhouse is on one side of the passageway 11. The north wall 12 of the greenhouse is a high wall, and a sandwich insulation wall is installed inside the north wall 12. Fan coil units 14 are suspended above the passageway 11. A solar water collection wall 13 is installed on one side of the passageway 11 on the north wall 12 of the greenhouse. A low south wall is also installed on one side of the greenhouse, and a second photovoltaic panel 15 is laid on the outer facade of the low south wall. On the energy side, including: Solar thermal collector modules: arranged on the north wall 12 of the greenhouse, using parallel manifold pipe layout, with the same flow and bottom supply and top return method, including water supply pump, circulation pump P1, heat exchange coil, etc. Well water module: includes a water well 16 and a circulating pump P6 connected to it via a water pipe, and a titanium plate heat exchanger 17; the well water serves as a low-temperature heat source in winter and a high-temperature heat sink in summer, and provides cooling for the photovoltaic panels; Water source heat pump module 18: includes a titanium plate evaporator 1801 connected to a water well 16 via a pipe, used as a supplement for heating and cooling, and efficiently heating or cooling when free energy is insufficient; Energy storage tanks include a hot water storage tank 19 and a cold water storage tank 20, which are connected to a water source heat pump via pipes, to store excess heat and cold energy respectively; the cold water storage tank 20 is also connected to a titanium plate heat exchanger 17 via pipes. Aquaculture pond coil loop 21: Connects hot water storage tank 19 and cold water storage tank 20 through pipes to provide heating or cooling for the aquaculture pond; The greenhouse space loop is connected to the energy storage tank through the fan coil unit 14 to provide heating or cooling for the greenhouse space; Solar photovoltaic module: includes a first photovoltaic panel 9 and a second photovoltaic panel 15, used for photoelectric conversion to power the system equipment; the back panel of the second photovoltaic panel 15 is equipped with cooling water pipes and connected to a cold water storage tank; Environmental control includes: Ventilation module: includes underground air inlet 201 and non-powered air hood 10 exhaust, can be equipped with an exhaust fan and utilize thermal pressure suction; Control module: Based on PLC or microcontroller, integrating sensors such as temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration to achieve intelligent scheduling and mode switching.

[0021] like Figures 2-3 As shown, the system workflow is as follows: 1. Winter operating procedures (heating mode + timely ventilation); Heat storage stage: Radiation intensity detected using a lux meter is ≥300W / m² 2 If the outlet water temperature of the solar water collector wall 13 is greater than or equal to the temperature of the hot water storage tank 19 plus 6°C, the solar heat collection circulation pump P1 will be started to transfer heat from the solar water collector wall 13 to the hot water storage tank 19.

[0022] Heat release stage: When the temperature sensor of breeding pond 1 detects that the water temperature is ≤ set value, such as 26℃ and the temperature of the hot water storage tank 19 is ≥ 35℃, the circulation pump P3 is started to heat the water coil loop of breeding pond 1, giving priority to ensuring the temperature of breeding pond 1; if the greenhouse air temperature is ≤ set value, such as 18℃, the circulation pump P2 is started to heat the fan coil 14.

[0023] Heating replenishment stage: When the temperature of the hot water storage tank 19 is <35℃ and the air temperature of the breeding pond 1 or the greenhouse is ≤ set value, the water source heat pump module 18 and circulation pump P4 and circulation pump P6 are started to extract heat from the well water to replenish the hot water storage tank 19.

[0024] Ventilation phase: When the indoor CO2 concentration is ≥800ppm or the humidity is ≥80%, the underground air intake system is activated. The fresh air is preheated by the soil constant temperature layer through the air inlet 201 and the non-powered air cap 10 to achieve the minimum ventilation volume.

[0025] 2. Summer operating process (cooling mode + all-time ventilation); Cold storage stage: When the temperature of the cold storage tank 20 is ≥18℃ and the well water temperature is ≤3℃ of the temperature of the cold storage tank 20, start the circulation pump P6 and circulation pump P7 to charge the cold storage tank 20 with cold through the titanium plate heat exchanger 17.

[0026] Cooling-down phase: When the temperature of aquaculture pond 1 is greater than or equal to the set value (e.g., 20℃) and the temperature of cold storage water tank 20 is less than or equal to 18℃, the circulation pump P3 is started to supply cooling to the water tank coil.

[0027] When the back panel temperature of the second photovoltaic panel 15 is ≥40℃, the circulation pump P8 is started to supply cooling water to the cooling water pipe of the second photovoltaic panel 15.

[0028] When the greenhouse air temperature is ≥ the set value (e.g., 28℃) or the humidity is ≥ the set value (e.g., 80%), the circulation pump P2 is started to supply cooling to the fan coil unit.

[0029] Cooling replenishment stage: When the temperature of the cold storage tank 20 is ≥20℃ and the air temperature of the breeding pond 1 or the greenhouse is ≥set value, the cooling mode of the water source heat pump and the circulation pumps P5 and P6 are started to discharge heat into the well water to replenish the cooling of the cold storage tank 20.

[0030] Ventilation phase: In summer, the underground air intake system and the non-powered wind cap 10 are activated around the clock to pre-cool the fresh air using the soil constant temperature layer; at night, when the outdoor temperature is lower than the indoor temperature, the night wind is used to store cold.

[0031] The system's power equipment is primarily powered by photovoltaic panels, with the energy storage tank's temperature threshold serving as the basis for mode switching. The specific strategy is as follows: 1. Winter operating condition control strategy Thermal storage mode: The trigger condition is that the outlet temperature of the hot water collector wall is ≥ the temperature of the hot water storage tank + 6℃, and P1 is started; the stop condition is that the outlet temperature is ≤ the temperature of the hot water storage tank + 2℃ or ≥ 55℃ (to prevent overheating).

[0032] Heat release mode: The triggering condition is that the temperature of the aquaculture pond is ≤ the set value and the temperature of the hot water storage tank is ≥ 35℃. P3 (pond priority) is started, and P2 (fan coil heating) is started if necessary.

[0033] Heat replenishment mode: The triggering condition is that the temperature of the hot water storage tank is <35℃ and the air temperature of the aquaculture pond or greenhouse is ≤ the set value, then the heat pump and P4 and P6 are started.

[0034] Antifreeze mode: When the ambient temperature is ≤5℃, the system automatically drains the outdoor pipeline or switches to antifreeze mode.

[0035] 2. Summer Operating Condition Control Strategy Cold storage operation: Triggering conditions are cold water tank temperature ≥ 18℃ and well water temperature ≤ cold water tank temperature - 3℃, starting P6 and P7; stopping conditions are well water temperature ≥ cold water tank temperature - 2℃. Cooling conditions: Aquaculture pond: Temperature ≥ set value and cold storage water tank temperature ≤ 18℃, start P3; Photovoltaic panel: Back panel temperature ≥40℃, start P8; Greenhouse space: Temperature ≥ set value or humidity ≥ set value, activate P2; Cooling operation: The triggering conditions are that the temperature of the cold storage water tank is ≥20℃ and the air temperature of the aquaculture pond or greenhouse is ≥set value, and the heat pump (cooling) and P5 and P6 are started.

[0036] 3. Year-round ventilation and dehumidification strategy Mode 1 (Spring and Autumn Transition Season): When the outdoor temperature is lower than the indoor temperature and the outdoor humidity is suitable (e.g., 40%-60%), fully open the underground ventilation and wind hood to create the maximum ventilation volume.

[0037] Mode 2 (Summer): At night, when the outdoor temperature is lower than the indoor temperature, the ventilation system is turned on to store cold; during the day, it is turned on as needed based on the outdoor humidity (e.g., humidity < 80%).

[0038] Mode 3 (Winter): When the indoor CO2 concentration is ≥800ppm or the humidity is ≥80%, open the underground air intake valve and the air cap, and control the opening of the air valve to achieve the minimum ventilation volume.

[0039] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical methods of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical methods of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical methods of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-functional synergistic environmental control system for greenhouse aquaculture in cold regions, characterized in that: include: Greenhouse structure, energy supply, and environmental control; The greenhouse structure includes inner and outer double-layer film covering, internal columns, support rods, snow shakers installed on the outer frame, north wall of the greenhouse, low south wall, and first and second photovoltaic panels respectively installed on the outer frame and the low south wall. The energy source includes a solar thermal collector module, a well water module, a water source heat pump module, an energy storage tank, a breeding pond coil loop, a greenhouse space loop, and a solar photovoltaic module; The environmental control unit includes a ventilation module and a control module; The control module uses sensor data to perform energy scheduling and mode switching, and coordinates the regulation of greenhouse temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration.

2. The multi-functional synergistic environmental control system for cold-region aquaculture greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar thermal collector modules are arranged on the north wall of the greenhouse, using a parallel manifold pipe layout, operating in a parallel, bottom-supply-top-return mode, and equipped with a water replenishment pump and a circulation pump.

3. The multi-functional synergistic environmental control system for cold-region aquaculture greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The well water module includes a well, a circulating pump, and a titanium plate heat exchanger. The well water serves as a low-temperature heat source in winter and a high-temperature heat sink in summer, and also provides cooling for the photovoltaic panels.

4. The multi-functional synergistic environmental control system for cold-region aquaculture greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage tank includes a hot water storage tank and a cold water storage tank, which are used to store the heat and cold provided by the solar thermal collector module, the water source heat pump module and the well water module, respectively.

5. The multi-functional synergistic environmental control system for cold-region aquaculture greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ventilation module includes a tunnel air intake system and a non-powered ventilator exhaust system. The tunnel air intake system is equipped with an outdoor air inlet and an indoor air inlet, as well as a soil-buried pipe buried in the soil, which uses the soil constant temperature layer to preheat or precool the fresh air.

6. The multi-functional synergistic environmental control system for cold-region aquaculture greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module is based on a PLC or microcontroller and integrates temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration sensors to achieve automatic switching between winter heating, summer cooling, and year-round ventilation and dehumidification.

7. The multi-functional synergistic environmental control system for cold-region aquaculture greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second photovoltaic panel has cooling water pipes on its back panel, which are connected to a cold water storage tank to cool the photovoltaic panel at high temperatures and improve power generation efficiency.

8. The multi-functional synergistic environmental control system for cold-region aquaculture greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, In winter, when the temperature of the hot water storage tank is below 35°C and the temperature of the aquaculture pond or greenhouse is below the set value, the system starts the water source heat pump to supplement the heat; in summer, when the temperature of the cold water storage tank is above 20°C and exceeds the temperature limit, the system starts the water source heat pump to supplement the cooling.

9. The multi-functional synergistic environmental control system for cold-region aquaculture greenhouses according to claim 5, characterized in that, The underground ventilation system is equipped with an exhaust fan and works in conjunction with a non-powered ventilator to enhance ventilation by using thermal pressure suction.

10. The multi-functional synergistic environmental control system for cold-region aquaculture greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system has an antifreeze mode in winter. When the ambient temperature is below 5℃, it will automatically drain the outdoor pipeline or switch to antifreeze circulation mode.

Images