Endoscope foreign matter removal forceps

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of medical apparatus and instruments, and particularly relates to endoscope foreign matter taking-out forceps which comprise a handle, a catheter and a forceps head which are sequentially connected, and a driving mechanism is arranged at the handle; the forceps head comprises a bag which is made of a flexible low-elasticity material and is connected with a liquid injection and drainage mechanism; the pressure generating mechanism is arranged in the bag and is connected with the driving mechanism; wherein the liquid injection and drainage mechanism is used for injecting liquid into the bag or draining liquid out of the bag, so that the bag is expanded or shrunk; the driving mechanism is used for controlling the pressure generating mechanism to operate after the bag expands and wraps the surface of the foreign matter part so as to increase the pressure of the liquid in the bag. According to the clamping device, traditional friction clamping is improved into enveloping pressurization, the clamping area is greatly increased, the clamping force on smooth foreign matter is greatly improved, and the foreign matter is effectively prevented from slipping off.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of medical devices, and in particular to an endoscopic foreign body removal forceps. Background Technology

[0002] Endoscopic foreign body retrieval forceps are commonly used minimally invasive medical instruments in clinical practice, primarily used to remove foreign bodies that have been accidentally swallowed or aspirated into the body cavities, such as button batteries, coins, plastic fragments, and food clumps. Currently, commonly used endoscopic foreign body retrieval forceps for the digestive tract include a handle, a slender catheter, and forceps heads for gripping foreign bodies. Forceps heads include alligator forceps, multi-jaw forceps, and baskets. For foreign bodies with no gripping points, such as coins, button batteries, and smooth plastic parts, forceps heads with toothed clenching surfaces, such as alligator forceps or rat-tooth forceps, are typically used. The movement of the foreign body relies mainly on the friction between the forceps head and the foreign body. When the surface friction coefficient of the foreign body is low, it is difficult to generate sufficient friction, making it easy to slip. Furthermore, the gripping points are relatively concentrated, and the foreign body is prone to slipping when passing through narrow passages such as the cardia, pylorus, and esophagus due to uneven force. The sharp teeth of alligator forceps and rat-tooth forceps, designed to increase gripping force, may scratch or even puncture the delicate digestive tract mucosa, especially the esophagus.

[0003] CN202322477243.1 discloses a foreign body removal device, and CN202420766654.4 discloses a special component for removing foreign bodies from the digestive tract based on an endoscope. By setting an air bladder at the forceps head, when removing the foreign body, the air bladder is inflated, causing it to expand and stretch the digestive tract, making it easier for the foreign body to separate from the inner wall of the digestive tract and reducing the difficulty of removal.

[0004] CN201710487899.8 discloses an inflatable ear, nose, and throat foreign body removal device; CN01229396.2 discloses a rigid tube with a side-mounted pneumatic esophageal foreign body removal device; and CN202122177526.5 discloses a pneumatic nasal foreign body removal device. These devices use a pneumatic bladder instead of forceps. During use, the bladder is not inflated and is in a contracted state, resulting in a small size. A thin catheter is inserted into the digestive or respiratory tract, where the foreign body may be present. The end of the catheter and the bladder pass through the gap between the foreign body and the body. Inflation of the bladder causes it to expand, forming a concave or umbrella shape. Pulling the bladder outwards moves the foreign body. Although this foreign body removal device has a simple structure, the foreign body is not fixed during movement and may roll or slide along the inner wall of the digestive or respiratory tract, causing damage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an endoscopic foreign body removal forceps that is suitable for removing foreign bodies with smooth surfaces that are not easy to hold stably, and to prevent the foreign body from slipping during the removal process.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: endoscopic foreign body removal forceps, comprising a handle, a catheter, and a forceps head connected in sequence, wherein a driving mechanism is provided at the handle; the forceps head includes: A bag made of flexible, low-elasticity material and equipped with an injection and drainage mechanism; A pressure generating mechanism located inside the bladder and connected to the drive mechanism; The injection / discharge mechanism is used to inject or discharge liquid into the bladder, causing the bladder to expand or contract; the drive mechanism is used to control the operation of the pressure generating mechanism after the bladder expands and covers the surface of the foreign object, so as to increase the pressure of the liquid inside the bladder.

[0007] Furthermore, the pressure generating mechanism includes multiple grippers, which are evenly arranged around the center line of the catheter, and the grippers are connected to the inner wall of the outer layer of the bladder.

[0008] Furthermore, the gripper includes a shape memory alloy sheet, the shape memory alloy sheet is covered with a flexible insulating layer, and the flexible insulating layer is connected to the inner wall of the pouch; the driving mechanism is a DC power supply, the DC power supply is connected to the shape memory alloy sheet through a wire, the wire passes through a conduit, and one end of the wire is encapsulated in the flexible insulating layer.

[0009] Furthermore, the method for preparing the shape memory alloy sheet is as follows: Using nickel-titanium alloy powder as raw material, a sheet-like porous shape memory alloy matrix with a porous structure was prepared, with a porosity of 30-60% and a pore size of 10-100μm. A thermally conductive layer with a thickness of nanometers is deposited on the inner wall of the pores of a sheet-like porous shape memory alloy substrate; Molten bismuth-based alloys are injected into pores and cooled to solidify under vacuum or inert gas atmosphere.

[0010] Furthermore, a Partel plate is connected to the side wall of the shape memory alloy sheet facing the inner cavity of the pouch through a thermally conductive insulating layer. One end of the wire is connected to the Partel plate, and the other end is connected to a DC power supply through a positive and negative polarity switching switch.

[0011] Furthermore, the flexible insulating layer is filled with boron nitride nanosheets.

[0012] Furthermore, the injection and drainage mechanism includes a reservoir chamber, which is connected to a drive pump. The drive pump is connected to an infusion tube, which passes through a catheter and communicates with the bladder.

[0013] Furthermore, the pressure generating mechanism includes multiple elastic airbags, the driving mechanism has an air supply mechanism, the air supply mechanism is connected to the elastic airbags through an air tube, and the air tube passes through a conduit.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: When using this invention, the catheter is passed through the endoscope's clamping channel, allowing the catheter and clamp head to enter the digestive tract along with the endoscope. When the clamp head reaches the location of the foreign object, its position is adjusted to ensure that the capsule can cover part of the foreign object's surface. Then, liquid is injected into the capsule through the injection and drainage mechanism, causing the capsule to fill and expand. During the expansion process, the capsule gradually covers part of the foreign object's surface. Because the capsule is flexible, its shape automatically matches the shape of the foreign object, ensuring that the capsule fully conforms to the surface of the foreign object. After the capsule is full of liquid, the injection is stopped. Then, the pressure generating mechanism is controlled by the drive mechanism to increase the liquid pressure in the capsule. The liquid pressure can be evenly transmitted to the surface of the foreign object through the capsule, achieving the clamping of the foreign object.

[0015] In this invention, the traditional friction clamping is improved to an envelope pressure method, which significantly increases the clamping area and greatly enhances the clamping force for smooth foreign objects, effectively preventing foreign objects from slipping out. Based on the characteristics of liquid pressure, the liquid pressure at all locations within the bag is essentially the same, thus ensuring uniform pressure exerted by the bag on the surface of the foreign object. Due to the large clamping area and uniform clamping force, the risk of foreign object breakage is also reduced.

[0016] During the expansion of the flexible bladder, it can effectively conform to the surface of various complex-shaped foreign objects through its own deformation, eliminating the need to find specific clamping points, reducing the difficulty of operation, and increasing the fault tolerance rate.

[0017] The capsule is made of flexible material, and the pressure generation mechanism is located inside the capsule to prevent it from being exposed. When the forceps move in the digestive tract, the capsule contacts the inner wall of the digestive tract, while the pressure generation mechanism does not. This effectively prevents the forceps from causing mechanical damage to the digestive tract and significantly reduces the risk of perforation and scratches in the digestive tract. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of Embodiment 1; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a diagram of the gripper; Figure 4 This is an overall schematic diagram of Embodiment 2; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of part B in the middle; Reference numerals: 1—Handle; 2—Custodian; 3—Bag; 4—Gripper; 41—Shape Memory Alloy Sheet; 42—Flexible Insulation Layer; 43—DC Power Supply; 44—Wire; 45—Temperature Conductive Insulation Layer; 46—Partel Plate; 47—Positive / Negative Polarity Switch; 5—Reservoir; 51—Drive Pump; 52—Infusion Tube; 6—Elastic Airbag; 61—Air Supply Mechanism; 62—Air Tube. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] The endoscopic foreign body removal forceps in this embodiment, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, it includes a handle 1, a guide tube 2, and a clamp head connected in sequence. A drive mechanism is provided at the handle 1; the clamp head includes: A bag 3 made of a flexible, low-elasticity material and connected to an injection and drainage mechanism; A pressure generating mechanism is located inside the pouch 3 and connected to the drive mechanism.

[0022] The catheter 2 is a slender metal tube that can pass through the forceps channel of the endoscope, allowing the catheter 2 and its tip to enter the digestive tract along with the endoscope. Existing technology can be used for the catheter 2.

[0023] The sac 3 is bowl-shaped with inner and outer walls. A fluid-retaining cavity exists between the inner and outer walls. The inner wall is located on the side encapsulating the foreign object; that is, when the foreign object is removed, the inner wall encapsulates it, while the outer wall faces the inner wall of the digestive tract. The sac 3 is made of a flexible, low-elasticity material, meaning it is flexible and easily deformable, but exhibits minimal deformation under pressure. In this invention, the sac 3 uses medical-grade silicone rubber. Specifically, the medical-grade silicone rubber has a Shore hardness of 25A and an elongation at break of 550%, meeting the ISO 10993 biocompatibility standard. This sac 3 possesses sufficient flexibility to adaptively encapsulate complex shapes. Simultaneously, its low-elasticity properties ensure that energy is efficiently converted into liquid pressure during the pressurization phase, rather than being dissipated by the deformation of the sac 3 itself.

[0024] The injection / extraction mechanism is used to inject or expel liquid into the bag 3, causing the bag 3 to expand or contract. The liquid is safe and harmless physiological saline. Specifically, the injection / extraction mechanism includes a reservoir 5, which can be any container capable of safely storing physiological saline. The reservoir 5 is connected to a drive pump 51, which is connected to an infusion tube 52. The infusion tube 52 can be a rubber tube, which passes through the catheter 2 and communicates with the bag 3. When the drive pump 51 is running, it can deliver the physiological saline in the reservoir 5 into the bag 3, causing the bag 3 to fill and expand; it can also extract the physiological saline from the bag 3, causing the bag 3 to contract.

[0025] The drive mechanism is used to control the operation of the pressure generating mechanism after the bladder 3 expands and covers the surface of the foreign object portion, so as to increase the pressure of the liquid inside the bladder 3.

[0026] Handle 1 is used to operate the drive mechanism and the liquid injection / discharge mechanism.

[0027] In use, the foreign body removal forceps of this embodiment are attached to the endoscope. The forceps head and catheter 2 are simultaneously inserted into the digestive tract along with the endoscope. At this time, the pouch 3 is empty of liquid and in a contracted state. When the forceps head reaches the location of the foreign body, the position of the forceps head is adjusted to ensure that part of the foreign body enters the pouch 3. Then, liquid is injected into the pouch 3 through the injection and drainage mechanism, causing the pouch 3 to fill and expand. During the expansion process, the pouch 3 gradually covers part of the surface of the foreign body. Since the pouch 3 is flexible, its shape can automatically match the shape of the foreign body, allowing the pouch 3 to fully conform to the surface of the foreign body. After the pouch 3 is filled with liquid, the injection is stopped. Then, the pressure generating mechanism is controlled by the drive mechanism to operate. The pressure generating mechanism increases the liquid pressure in the pouch 3. The liquid pressure can be evenly transmitted to the surface of the foreign body through the pouch 3, achieving the clamping of the foreign body.

[0028] Traditional foreign body removal forceps typically clamp the foreign object at a fixed point, resulting in a small clamping area and relying on friction to move the object. In this invention, a flexible pouch 3 encloses part of the foreign object's surface, significantly increasing the clamping area and the overall clamping force for smooth foreign objects, effectively preventing slippage. The interior of the pouch 3 is a relatively sealed space; based on the characteristics of liquid pressure, the liquid pressure at all locations within the pouch 3 is essentially the same, meaning the pressure at the point of contact between the pouch 3 and the foreign object is uniform. This ensures consistent pressure exerted by the pouch 3 on the foreign object's surface. The large clamping area and uniform clamping force also reduce the risk of foreign object breakage.

[0029] In addition, the pouch 3 is made of flexible material and the pressure generation mechanism is located inside the pouch 3 to prevent the pressure generation mechanism from being exposed. When the forceps moves in the digestive tract, the pouch 3 contacts the inner wall of the digestive tract, while the pressure generation mechanism does not come into contact with the inner wall of the digestive tract. This can effectively prevent the forceps from causing mechanical damage to the digestive tract and greatly reduce the risk of digestive tract perforation and scratches.

[0030] In this embodiment, the pressure generating mechanism includes multiple grippers 4, which are evenly arranged around the centerline of the conduit 2. The grippers 4 are connected to the inner wall of the outer layer of the bladder 3. When the grippers 4 move towards the center, they exert a pulling force on the outer layer of the bladder 3. This pulling force is transmitted through the outer wall of the bladder 3 to the liquid inside the bladder 3, increasing the liquid pressure within the bladder 3. The simultaneous movement of multiple evenly distributed grippers 4 towards the center can uniformly and stably increase the liquid pressure within the bladder 3.

[0031] The gripper 4 uses a conventional rigid clamping plate. However, this type of clamping plate is very rigid and hardly deforms during clamping. This concentrates the tensile force on the outer layer of the pouch 3, which can easily damage the pouch 3 and cannot adapt to the surface contour changes of irregularly shaped foreign objects. In addition, conventional clamping plates require a mechanical transmission structure connected to the drive structure, which increases the structural complexity of the forceps head and the operating requirements of medical personnel.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the gripper 4 includes a shape memory alloy sheet 41, which is covered with a flexible insulating layer 42. The flexible insulating layer 42 is connected to the inner wall of the pouch 3. The driving mechanism is a DC power supply 43, which is connected to the shape memory alloy sheet 41 through a wire 44. The wire 44 passes through the conduit 2, and one end of the wire 44 is encapsulated in the flexible insulating layer 42.

[0033] The shape memory alloy sheet 41 is made of a thin nickel-titanium alloy, with a thickness of 0.05mm-0.15mm, a width of 1.0mm-2.5mm, and various lengths. Various sizes of shape memory alloy sheets 41 and pouches 3 can be manufactured, and the appropriate size of the clamp head is selected according to the size of the foreign object. The shape memory alloy sheet 41 has good flexibility and is easily deformable, adapting to the shape of the foreign object's surface. The phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloy sheet 41 is approximately 42 degrees Celsius, slightly higher than human body temperature, but avoiding overheating and damage to human tissue. Each pouch 3 only needs 3-4 shape memory alloy sheets 41. The flexible insulating layer 42 is approximately 0.2mm thick and can be made of medical-grade silicone, bonded to the inner wall of the pouch 3 by heat sealing or adhesive. A switch is installed on the wire 44 to control the on / off state of the wire 44.

[0034] When in use, after the bag 3 expands and wraps the foreign object, the shape memory alloy sheet 41 is connected to the DC power supply 43. The shape memory alloy sheet 41 heats up when powered on, and bends towards the foreign object when heated to the phase transition temperature. This applies tension to the outer wall of the bag 3, increases the liquid pressure inside the bag 3, and makes the bag 3 fit more tightly against the irregular surface of the foreign object.

[0035] In this embodiment, the gripper 4 is composed of a shape memory alloy sheet 41. This design eliminates complex mechanical transmission structures such as linkages and gears, requiring only two wires 44 for power supply to achieve drive, greatly simplifying the internal structure of the forceps head and reducing manufacturing costs and failure rates. During operation, the doctor controls the on / off state of the shape memory alloy sheet 41 via a switch on the handle to achieve gripping and release, making the operation intuitive and simple.

[0036] Because the shape memory alloy sheet 41 is a flexible thin sheet, the tensile force generated when it contracts upon electrical current can be evenly distributed through the fixed connection surface with the inner wall of the pouch 3, avoiding stress concentration and effectively preventing local tearing or damage to the pouch 3. More importantly, the flexible bending deformation of the shape memory alloy sheet 41 can actively adapt to and pull the inner wall of the pouch 3, making it fit more tightly against the irregular shapes such as depressions and grooves on the surface of the foreign object, significantly improving the initial wrapping effect and overall clamping stability for irregularly shaped foreign objects.

[0037] The shape memory alloy sheet 41 is made of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy. When the shape memory alloy sheet 41 needs to be reset, the power to the shape memory alloy sheet 41 is turned off, and its temperature naturally decreases. However, the natural cooling rate is slow, resulting in a slow response speed. To promote heat dissipation and reset of the shape memory alloy sheet 41, the preparation method of the shape memory alloy sheet 41 of this invention is as follows: A sheet-like porous shape memory alloy matrix with a porous structure, exhibiting a porosity of 30-60% and a pore size of 10-100 μm, is prepared using nickel-titanium alloy powder as raw material. Specifically, nickel-titanium alloy powder with an average particle size of 15-45 μm is used as raw material, and the matrix is ​​prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPCS). The process parameters are: sintering temperature 850-950℃, pressure 30-50 MPa, holding time 5-10 minutes, and sintering under vacuum or argon protection. By controlling the powder particle size distribution, sintering pressure, and temperature, a sheet-like porous matrix with a porosity of 30-60%, an average pore size of 10-100 μm, and three-dimensional interconnected pores can be obtained. The thickness of this matrix can be controlled from 0.05-0.15 mm as needed.

[0038] A nanometer-thick thermally conductive layer is deposited on the inner wall of the pores of a sheet-like porous shape memory alloy substrate. Specifically, the prepared sheet-like porous shape memory alloy substrate is placed in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus, evacuated, and then purged with argon gas and heated to 1000°C for 30 min. The temperature is maintained at 950-1000°C, and methane and hydrogen gas are introduced at a volume ratio of 1:9, with the total pressure maintained at 100-500 Pa. Deposition is carried out for 30-120 min, depositing a graphene thermally conductive layer with a thickness of 0.7-1.8 nm on the inner wall of the pores. This nanolayer has extremely high in-plane thermal conductivity (approximately 3000 W / m·K) and does not affect the shape memory effect of the substrate; its main function is to establish a superconducting interface for heat transfer.

[0039] Molten bismuth-based alloy is injected into pores and cooled to solidify under a vacuum or inert gas atmosphere. Specifically, a sheet-like porous shape memory alloy substrate with a deposited graphene thermally conductive layer is placed in a vacuum infusion apparatus, and a low-melting-point bismuth-based alloy (melting point 47-62℃) is heated above its melting point to completely melt it. Under a vacuum or inert gas (such as argon) atmosphere, the molten liquid metal is completely injected and fills all the pores of the porous substrate using negative pressure. Ultrasonic-assisted infiltration is used during the injection process to ensure that the alloy completely fills the pores. Subsequently, it is cooled to room temperature to solidify the liquid metal, thereby obtaining the shape memory alloy sheet 41.

[0040] The shape memory alloy sheet 41 of this invention features a graphene thermally conductive layer that enhances the ultimate thermal conductivity of the substrate, allowing heat to be instantly transferred from the pores into the alloy substrate and vice versa. The liquid metal, after solidification, forms a highly thermally conductive solid filler that rapidly transfers heat from the pores to the surface of the shape memory alloy sheet 41. The combined thermal conductivity of the graphene thermally conductive layer and the thermally conductive solid filler accelerates heat transfer, enabling rapid heat dissipation and promoting the cooling and repositioning of the shape memory alloy sheet 41.

[0041] In order to facilitate the rapid dissipation of heat from the surface of the shape memory alloy sheet 41, further improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the shape memory alloy sheet 41, and accelerate the reset response speed, in this invention, a Partel sheet 46 is connected to the side wall of the shape memory alloy sheet 41 facing the inner cavity of the pouch 3 through a thermally conductive insulating layer 45. The thermally conductive insulating layer 45 is an aluminum nitride ceramic sheet, a copper-clad ceramic substrate, or a high thermal conductivity silicone pad. One end of the wire 44 is connected to the Partel sheet 46, and the other end is connected to the DC power supply 43 through a positive and negative polarity switching switch 47.

[0042] The shape memory alloy sheet 41 and the Partel sheet 46 can be connected to the DC power supply 43 via different wires. To reduce the number of wires and simplify the structure, the present invention connects the Partel sheet 46 to the wire 44, while the shape memory alloy sheet 41 is not connected to the wire 44. One side of the Partel sheet 46 is a hot surface, and the other side is a cold surface, enabling heat transfer when energized.

[0043] The working process is as follows: When the shape memory alloy sheet 41 needs to be bent to increase the liquid pressure inside the bag 3, the positive and negative pole switching switch 47 is controlled to connect the Partel sheet 46 to the DC power supply 43, and the side of the Partel sheet 46 connected to the thermally conductive insulating layer 45 is made into a hot surface. The Partel sheet 46 transfers the heat from the cold surface to the hot surface, and the heat is then transferred to the shape memory alloy sheet 41 through the thermally conductive insulating layer 45, causing the temperature of the shape memory alloy sheet 41 to rise to the phase transition temperature, and then bending deformation occurs.

[0044] When it is necessary to remove the foreign object, the positive / negative switching switch 47 switches the connection between the wire 44 and the DC power supply 43. This causes the wire 44, originally connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply 43, to switch to the negative terminal, and vice versa. This makes the side of the Partel plate 46 connected to the thermally conductive insulating layer 45 a cold surface, transferring heat from the cold surface to the hot surface. Heat inside the shape memory alloy sheet 41 is rapidly transferred to its surface by the graphene thermally conductive layer and the thermal solid filler, and then quickly transferred to the hot surface by the Partel plate 46, causing the shape memory alloy sheet 41 to cool down rapidly. Since the hot surface of the Partel plate 46 is close to the liquid inside the capsule 3, heat can be transferred to the liquid. The liquid is physiological saline, which has a high specific heat capacity and a volume much larger than that of the shape memory alloy sheet 41 and the Partel plate 46, thus preventing excessive temperature rise and avoiding damage to the digestive tract.

[0045] Both the Partel sheet 46 and the shape memory alloy sheet 41 are covered by a flexible insulating layer 42. The flexible insulating layer 42, made of medical-grade silicone, affects heat dissipation. Therefore, this invention fills the flexible insulating layer 42 with boron nitride nanosheets. After the shape memory alloy sheet 41 is prepared, the thermally conductive insulating layer 45 and the Partel sheet 46 are sequentially assembled onto the shape memory alloy sheet 41, and the wire 44 is connected to the Partel sheet 46. Then, the shape memory alloy sheet 41 is fixed in a mold. Boron nitride nanosheets are added to liquid silicone rubber and stirred evenly. Then, the liquid silicone rubber is injected into the mold, and the mold is placed in a magnetic field generator with a magnetic field strength greater than 0.5T. The magnetic field direction is consistent with the thickness direction of the shape memory alloy sheet 41. Due to the diamagnetic anisotropy of the boron nitride nanosheets, they will align in a strong magnetic field, making their length direction consistent with the magnetic field direction, thereby significantly improving the thermal conductivity along the magnetic field direction, which increases the thermal conductivity of the flexible insulating layer 42 along its thickness direction. Finally, the mixture is cured at 60℃ for 2-4 hours before demolding.

[0046] In this embodiment, the handle 1 can adopt a structure similar to a remote control, integrating the positive and negative pole switching switch 47 and the switch of the drive pump 51 into the remote control to facilitate the control of the operation of the drive pump 51 and the gripper.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] The endoscopic foreign body removal forceps in this embodiment, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, it includes a handle 1, a guide tube 2, and a clamp head connected in sequence. A drive mechanism is provided at the handle 1; the clamp head includes: A bag 3 made of a flexible, low-elasticity material and connected to an injection and drainage mechanism; A pressure generating mechanism is located inside the pouch 3 and connected to the drive mechanism. The injection / discharge mechanism is used to inject or discharge liquid into the bladder 3, causing the bladder 3 to expand or contract. The injection / discharge mechanism includes a reservoir 5, which is connected to a drive pump 51. The drive pump 51 is connected to an infusion tube 52, which passes through the conduit 2 and communicates with the bladder 3. The drive mechanism controls the operation of the pressure generating mechanism after the bladder 3 expands and covers the surface of the foreign object, thereby increasing the pressure of the liquid inside the bladder 3.

[0049] In this embodiment, the pressure generating mechanism includes multiple elastic airbags 6. The elastic airbags 6 are elongated and can be fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bag 3. The driving mechanism is an air supply mechanism 61. The air supply mechanism 61 is connected to the elastic airbags 6 through an air pipe 62, which passes through the conduit 2.

[0050] After the bag 3 covers part of the surface of the foreign object, the air supply mechanism 61 introduces gas into the elastic airbag 6, increasing the air pressure inside the elastic airbag 6. The gas pressure is then transmitted to the external liquid through the elastic airbag 6, thereby increasing the pressure of the liquid inside the bag 3. The air supply mechanism 61 can be a mechanism such as an air pump.

[0051] In this embodiment, before the forceps reach the foreign object, the gas in the elastic airbag 6 can be extracted, causing the bag 3 and the elastic airbag 6 to contract and their volume to be greatly reduced, which helps to reduce the resistance of the forceps entering the digestive tract. When the forceps reach the foreign object, an appropriate amount of gas is first injected into the elastic airbag 6, causing the elastic airbag 6 to expand and elongate, causing the bag 3 to open into a bowl shape.

[0052] Compared to Embodiment 1, the pliers head structure in this embodiment is simpler, but the rigidity of the pliers head is slightly lower. It is suitable for removing foreign objects that are small in size, light in weight, and low in density. The pliers head structure in Embodiment 1 is relatively complex, but it is suitable for removing a variety of foreign objects.

[0053] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An endoscopic foreign body removal forceps, comprising a handle (1), a catheter (2), and a forceps head connected in sequence, wherein a drive mechanism is provided at the handle (1); characterized in that, The pliers head includes: A bag made of flexible, low-elasticity material and connected to an injection and drainage mechanism (3); A pressure generating mechanism is located inside the bladder (3) and connected to the drive mechanism; The injection and discharge mechanism is used to inject or discharge liquid into the bladder (3) to make the bladder (3) expand or contract; the drive mechanism is used to control the operation of the pressure generating mechanism after the bladder (3) expands and covers the surface of the foreign object to increase the pressure of the liquid inside the bladder (3).

2. The endoscopic foreign body removal forceps as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure generating mechanism includes multiple grippers (4), which are evenly arranged around the center line of the catheter (2). The grippers (4) are connected to the inner wall of the outer layer of the sac (3).

3. The endoscopic foreign body removal forceps as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The gripper (4) includes a shape memory alloy sheet (41), which is covered with a flexible insulating layer (42). The flexible insulating layer (42) is connected to the inner wall of the pouch (3). The driving mechanism is a DC power supply (43), which is connected to the shape memory alloy sheet (41) through a wire (44). The wire (44) passes through the conduit (2), and one end of the wire (44) is encapsulated in the flexible insulating layer (42).

4. The endoscopic foreign body removal forceps as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The method for preparing the shape memory alloy sheet (41) is as follows: Using nickel-titanium alloy powder as raw material, a sheet-like porous shape memory alloy matrix with a porous structure was prepared, with a porosity of 30-60% and a pore size of 10-100μm. A thermally conductive layer with a thickness of nanometers is deposited on the inner wall of the pores of a sheet-like porous shape memory alloy substrate; Molten bismuth-based alloys are injected into pores and cooled to solidify under vacuum or inert gas atmosphere.

5. The endoscopic foreign body removal forceps as described in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, A shape memory alloy sheet (41) is connected to a Partel sheet (46) on one side wall facing the inner cavity of the pouch (3) via a thermally conductive insulating layer (45). One end of the wire (44) is connected to the Partel sheet (46), and the other end is connected to a DC power supply (43) via a positive and negative polarity switching switch (47).

6. The endoscopic foreign body removal forceps as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The flexible insulating layer (42) is filled with boron nitride nanosheets.

7. The endoscopic foreign body removal forceps as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The injection and drainage mechanism includes a storage chamber (5), which is connected to a drive pump (51). The drive pump (51) is connected to an infusion tube (52), which passes through a conduit (2) and communicates with a sac (3).

8. The endoscopic foreign body removal forceps as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure generating mechanism includes multiple elastic airbags (6), and the driving mechanism is an air supply mechanism (61). The air supply mechanism (61) is connected to the elastic airbags (6) through an air tube (62), and the air tube (62) passes through a conduit (2).

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