Atmospheric pollution treatment equipment and treatment method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric treatment, in particular to atmospheric pollution treatment equipment which comprises a purification tank, a motor is mounted at the lower end of the purification tank, a blow-down valve is mounted at the position, close to the lower end, of the outer side of the purification tank, an air inlet pipe is mounted on the outer side of the purification tank, and an air pump is mounted at the upper end of the air inlet pipe; a cleaning mechanism used for preliminary desulfurization and dust removal of coal flue gas and self-cleaning of a filter screen is mounted on the inner side of the purification tank, a separation bin is fixedly connected to the upper end of the purification tank, and a filtering mechanism used for intercepting fine particulate matter and online backflushing and self-cleaning is mounted on the inner side of the separation bin. While the filter screen plate intercepts large-particle-size particles to realize coarse dust removal, the desulfurization solution sprayed by the electromagnetic valve spray head is in reverse contact with the rising flue gas, so that the SOabsorption reaction is synchronously completed, and the dust removal and desulfurization integrated treatment is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of air pollution control technology, specifically to an air pollution control device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Industrial coal flue gas contains a large number of pollutants, including SO2, fly ash, and fine particulate matter such as PM2.5. The emission of these pollutants will seriously damage the atmospheric environment. Therefore, efficient purification of industrial coal flue gas is a core requirement for air pollution control. Existing industrial coal flue gas treatment equipment mostly adopts a design approach of splicing single-function modules, which has problems such as cumbersome treatment process, low purification efficiency, high maintenance cost, and unstable emission compliance rate.

[0003] Patent CN220386055U discloses an atmospheric treatment device for flue gas purification, which achieves the cleaning of dirt on the surface of the filter layer through the coordinated action of a cleaning mechanism and a backwashing mechanism. However, the above technical solution still has the following shortcomings in practical application: First, existing systems only offer single dust removal functionality and cannot remove SO2 from industrial coal flue gas, requiring separate desulfurization equipment, leading to system complexity and large space requirements. Second, the cleaning method is limited; scrapers can only slide in a straight line to clean the filter surface, failing to remove residual particles within the filter pores. Backwashing relies solely on spraying, which is ineffective at cleaning tightly adhered desulfurization residues and necessitates system shutdown, severely impacting the continuous emission treatment requirements of industrial coal flue gas. Third, the filtration system is limited to a single layer, achieving dust removal without intercepting fine particulate matter such as PM2.5, resulting in insufficient purification precision. Fourth, the lack of real-time monitoring of filtration status and a mechanism for recirculating substandard flue gas makes it difficult to ensure stable compliance with environmental standards. Furthermore, in most existing systems, desulfurization and dust removal functions are independent, and filter components are prone to clogging due to particulate matter accumulation and desulfurization residue adhesion. Their self-cleaning capabilities are weak, requiring frequent manual disassembly and maintenance, which is not only labor-intensive but also interrupts the flue gas treatment process. Therefore, we propose an air pollution control device and method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and solve at least one of the technical problems mentioned in the background art, the present invention proposes an air pollution control device and a control method.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: an air pollution control device, including a purification tank, a motor installed at the lower end of the purification tank, a drain valve installed on the outer side of the purification tank near the lower end, an air inlet pipe installed on the outer side of the purification tank, an air pump installed at the upper end of the air inlet pipe, a cleaning mechanism for preliminary desulfurization and dust removal of coal flue gas and self-cleaning of the filter screen installed on the inner side of the purification tank, the cleaning mechanism including a sweeping component for removing condensed particles and desulfurization residue from the filter screen, and a detection component for detecting the filter screen blockage status and desulfurization residue, a separation chamber fixedly connected to the upper end of the purification tank, a filtration mechanism for intercepting fine particulate matter and online backflushing self-cleaning installed on the inner side of the separation chamber, the filtration mechanism including a backflushing component for fine filtration of fine particulate matter in coal flue gas, and a discharge component for cleaning particulate matter from the inner wall of the filter cartridge, a discharge pipe fixedly connected to the outer side of the separation chamber, a sensor installed on the inner wall of the discharge pipe, a return pipe installed on the outer side of the discharge pipe, and one end of the return pipe fixedly connected to the purification tank.

[0006] Preferably, the sweeping assembly includes a hollow tube, the lower end of which is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor via a cross plate, a lower sweeping rod is fixedly connected to the outer side of the hollow tube, an upper sweeping rod is fixedly connected to the upper end of the blade of the lower sweeping rod, and the outer side of the upper sweeping rod is in contact with the inner wall of the purification tank.

[0007] Preferably, the sweeping assembly further includes two symmetrical replenishment valves, which are installed on the outside of the purification tank. The output port of the replenishment valve is fixedly connected to a liquid storage pipe, and multiple solenoid valve spray heads are installed on the outside of the liquid storage pipe near the bottom.

[0008] Preferably, an installation sleeve is fixedly connected to the outer side of the hollow tube, and two sets of symmetrical roller brushes are rotatably connected to the outer side of the installation sleeve. A gear is fixedly connected to the other end of the roller brush, and a toothed ring is meshed with the outer side of the gear. A filter screen is fixedly connected to the two toothed rings at their close ends, and the filter screen is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the purification tank.

[0009] Preferably, the detection component includes multiple mounting brackets, the lower end of which is fixedly connected to a mounting sleeve. Each mounting bracket is vertically aligned with a corresponding lower roller brush. A first threaded rod is rotatably connected to the inner side of each mounting bracket, and a mounting block is threadedly connected to the outer side of the first threaded rod. The upper end of the mounting block is fitted against the mounting bracket. Two symmetrical industrial cameras are mounted on the lower end of the mounting block. A first pulley is fixedly connected to the far ends of each of the multiple first threaded rods. A synchronous belt is rotatably connected to the outer side of each first pulley, and a second pulley is rotatably connected to the inner side of the synchronous belt. The inner side of the second pulley is fixedly connected to a roller brush near the upper part of the mounting bracket.

[0010] Preferably, the backflushing assembly includes a three-way pipe and multiple filter cylinders. The lower end of the three-way pipe is fixedly connected to a hollow tube. The multiple filter cylinders are arranged in two groups around the inner side of the separation chamber. The upper end of the three-way pipe is slidably connected to the filter cylinders. Two inclined guide grooves are opened on the outer side of the filter cylinders. An electric clamp is installed on the outer side of the three-way pipe near the middle. A second threaded rod is provided on the inner side of the clamping port of the electric clamp. The second threaded rod is rotatably connected to the inner side of the separation chamber. The angle between the filter cylinders near the outer ring of one group of the two groups of filter cylinders is 45 degrees, and the angle between the filter cylinders near the inner ring of the other group of the two groups of filter cylinders is 90 degrees.

[0011] Preferably, a pressure plate is threadedly connected to the outer side of the second threaded rod. The outer side of the pressure plate is slidably connected to the inclined guide groove through a through hole. An annular plate is rotatably connected to the inner side of the through hole of the pressure plate. Two mutually symmetrical locking blocks are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the annular plate. The locking blocks are slidably connected to the inner side of the inclined guide groove. A brush is provided on the inner side of the locking blocks.

[0012] Preferably, the emission assembly includes a fixed rotating shaft fixedly connected to the second threaded rod, a connecting rod fixedly connected to the upper end of the fixed rotating shaft, and two first electric telescopic rods installed at the lower end of the connecting rod.

[0013] Preferably, the emission assembly further includes a fixed sleeve fixedly connected to the filter cartridge. An electromagnetic strip is slidably connected to the inner side of the fixed sleeve. The upper end of the electromagnetic strip is movably connected to the output shaft of the first electric telescopic rod via magnetic attraction. A scraper is fixedly connected to the lower end of the electromagnetic strip. The scraper is slidably connected to the inner side of the filter cartridge. Two through holes are provided on the outer sides of both the fixed sleeve and the electromagnetic strip. A second electric telescopic rod is installed above the filter cartridge on the outer side of the fixed sleeve. The output shaft of the second electric telescopic rod passes through the fixed sleeve and the electromagnetic strip through the through holes.

[0014] A method for using an air pollution control device, applicable to one of the aforementioned air pollution control devices, includes the following steps: S1, industrial coal flue gas is drawn into the inlet pipe by the gas pump, enters from the bottom of the purification tank and concentrates upwards. Large-diameter particles are intercepted by the filter screen of the sweeping component. At the same time, the solenoid valve spray head sprays desulfurization solution to achieve preliminary desulfurization and dust removal of coal flue gas in a coordinated manner. The desulfurization solution and flue gas react in reverse contact. S2 uses an industrial camera in the detection component to monitor the filter screen blockage and desulfurization residue in real time, triggering the roller brush to rotate and revolve to clean, ensuring that the flue gas continues to flow upward. S3, the pre-treated flue gas enters the filter cartridge of the separation chamber to trap fine particulate matter and achieve fine dust removal; the discharge component performs online self-cleaning of the clogged filter cartridge, and the cleaned particulate matter falls back to the bottom of the purification tank; S4. After purification, the flue gas is discharged through the emission pipe. Sensors in the emission pipe detect the SO2 concentration and particulate matter content. If it does not meet the emission standards for industrial coal flue gas, it is returned to the purification tank through the return pipe for reprocessing until it meets the emission standards.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an air pollution control device and method, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention utilizes the coordinated design of the sweeping component and the cleaning mechanism. While the filter screen traps large-diameter particles for coarse dust removal, the desulfurization solution sprayed by the solenoid valve spray head contacts the rising flue gas in a counter-current manner, simultaneously completing the SO2 absorption reaction and achieving integrated dust removal and desulfurization. The filter cartridge in the subsequent separation chamber further traps fine particulate matter such as PM2.5, forming a multi-stage purification chain of coarse dust removal, desulfurization, and fine dust removal. Through the coordinated operation of its components, the entire system can simultaneously remove core pollutants such as SO2, fly ash, and fine dust from coal flue gas, eliminating the need for multiple independent sets of equipment. This streamlined process and higher pollutant removal coverage make it suitable for the treatment needs of industrial coal flue gas with multiple coexisting pollutants.

[0016] 2. This invention utilizes the meshing of the sweeping component's roller brush and gears to achieve synchronous rotation and revolution of the roller brush, enabling comprehensive online cleaning of the filter screen. The filtration mechanism's discharge and backwash components work in tandem, employing a combination of scraper cleaning and differential pressure backwashing to self-clean the filter cartridges online. The filter cartridges are designed in groups, allowing the remaining groups to operate normally while one group is being cleaned, eliminating the need for machine shutdown. Simultaneously, the upper and lower sweeping rods, in conjunction with the drain valve, achieve centralized discharge of solid waste, avoiding frequent manual cleaning. This entire self-cleaning and operational mechanism significantly reduces manual intervention, lowers maintenance costs, and meets the needs of scenarios requiring continuous emissions of industrial coal-fired gas.

[0017] 3. This invention uses an industrial camera in the detection component to monitor the clogging status and desulfurization residue of the filter screen in real time, providing accurate data for triggering self-cleaning actions. Sensors on the inner wall of the emission pipe monitor the SO2 concentration and particulate matter content of the purified flue gas in real time, forming a dual monitoring system of process monitoring and end-of-pipe detection. When the end-of-pipe flue gas fails to meet standards, the return pipe can return the substandard flue gas to the purification tank for reprocessing, forming a closed-loop treatment to ensure that the final emission fully complies with industrial coal flue gas emission standards. Simultaneously, the monitoring data can accurately trigger the self-cleaning action of the filter components, preventing excessive clogging and ensuring treatment efficiency. This solves the problems of unstable emission compliance rates and monitoring lag in existing technologies, improving equipment operational stability and the consistency of treatment effects. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the sweeping component of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a portion of the sweeping component of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the detection component of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the filter mechanism of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the filter mechanism of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 8 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of a portion of the recoil assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the emission component of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Purification tank; 2. Motor; 3. Drain valve; 4. Air inlet pipe; 5. Air pump; 6. Cleaning mechanism; 61. Sweeping assembly; 611. Hollow tube; 612. Lower sweeping bar; 613. Upper sweeping bar; 614. Liquid replenishment valve; 615. Liquid storage pipe; 616. Solenoid valve spray head; 617. Mounting sleeve; 618. Roller brush; 619. Gear; 6110. Gear ring; 6111. Filter screen; 62. Detection assembly; 621. Mounting bracket; 622. First threaded rod; 623. Mounting block; 624. Industrial camera; 625. First pulley; 626. Synchronous belt; 627. Second pulley; 7. Separation chamber; 8. Filtering mechanism; 81. Backflushing assembly; 811. T-joint; 812. Filter cartridge; 813. Inclined guide groove; 814. Electric clamp; 815. Second threaded rod; 816. Pressure plate; 817. Annular plate; 818. Clamping block; 82. Discharge assembly; 821. Fixed shaft; 822. Connecting rod; 823. First electric telescopic rod; 824. Fixed sleeve; 825. Electromagnetic strip; 826. Second electric telescopic rod; 827. Scraper; 9. Discharge pipe; 10. Return pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] The following electrical components are all electrically connected via an external PLC controller.

[0022] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 9An air pollution control device includes a purification tank 1, a motor 2 installed at the lower end of the purification tank 1, a drain valve 3 installed on the outer side of the purification tank 1 near the lower end, an air inlet pipe 4 installed on the outer side of the purification tank 1, an air pump 5 installed at the upper end of the air inlet pipe 4, and a cleaning mechanism 6 installed on the inner side of the purification tank 1 for preliminary desulfurization and dust removal of flue gas and self-cleaning of the filter screen. The cleaning mechanism 6 includes a sweeping component 61 for removing condensed particles and desulfurization residue from the filter screen, and a detection group for detecting the filter screen blockage status and desulfurization residue. Component 62, the upper end of the purification tank 1 is fixedly connected to the separation chamber 7, the inner side of the separation chamber 7 is equipped with a filter mechanism 8 for intercepting fine particulate matter and online backwashing self-cleaning, the filter mechanism 8 includes a backwash component 81 for fine filtration of fine particulate matter in coal flue gas, the filter mechanism 8 also includes a discharge component 82 for cleaning particulate matter on the inner wall of the filter cartridge, the outer side of the separation chamber 7 is fixedly connected to the discharge pipe 9, the inner wall of the discharge pipe 9 is equipped with a sensor, the outer side of the discharge pipe 9 is equipped with a return pipe 10, one end of the return pipe 10 is fixedly connected to the purification tank 1.

[0023] In this embodiment, the sweeping assembly 61 includes a hollow tube 611. The lower end of the hollow tube 611 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 2 through a cross plate. A lower sweeping rod 612 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the hollow tube 611. An upper sweeping rod 613 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the blade of the lower sweeping rod 612. The outer side of the upper sweeping rod 613 is in contact with the inner wall of the purification tank 1.

[0024] Specifically, the hollow tube 611 serves as the core transmission component, receiving the driving force of the motor 2 to drive the lower sweeping rod 612, the upper sweeping rod 613, and the subsequent installation sleeve 617 to rotate synchronously. The lower sweeping rod 612 is used to sweep the particulate matter and desulfurization reaction residue accumulated at the bottom of the purification tank 1 to the drain valve 3 to avoid solid waste accumulation. The upper sweeping rod 613 slides against the inner wall of the purification tank 1, which can scrape the residue adhering to the tank wall to the bottom, ensuring that the tank wall is clean and does not affect the flue gas flow and subsequent treatment effect.

[0025] In this embodiment, the sweeping assembly 61 also includes two symmetrical replenishment valves 614. The replenishment valves 614 are installed on the outside of the purification tank 1. The output port of the replenishment valves 614 is fixedly connected to the storage pipe 615. Multiple solenoid valve spray heads 616 are installed on the outside of the storage pipe 615 near the bottom.

[0026] Specifically, the replenishing valve 614 is used to replenish the desulfurization solution to the equipment, so as to achieve a continuous supply of desulfurization medium; the storage pipe 615 is used to store and divert the desulfurization solution, and evenly deliver it to multiple solenoid valve spray heads 616; the solenoid valve spray heads 616 can precisely control the spray volume and spray range of the desulfurization solution, and evenly spray it onto the upper end of the filter screen plate 6111. On the one hand, it washes the particles trapped on the surface of the filter screen, and on the other hand, it makes the desulfurization solution fully contact the rising industrial coal flue gas, and removes SO2 in the flue gas through absorption reaction, so as to achieve the coordinated operation of desulfurization and filter screen washing.

[0027] In this embodiment, an installation sleeve 617 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the hollow tube 611. Two sets of symmetrical roller brushes 618 are rotatably connected to the outer side of the installation sleeve 617. A gear 619 is fixedly connected to the other end of the roller brush 618. A toothed ring 6110 is meshed with the outer side of the gear 619. A filter screen plate 6111 is fixedly connected to the two toothed rings 6110 at their close ends. The filter screen plate 6111 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the purification tank 1.

[0028] Specifically, the mounting sleeve 617 is used to fix and support the roller brush 618, allowing the roller brush 618 to rotate synchronously with the hollow tube 611. The roller brush 618 rotates synchronously during its revolution through the meshing of the gear 619 and the toothed ring 6110, which can thoroughly clean the particles and desulfurization residue in the upper and lower end faces and pores of the filter screen 6111, ensuring the filter screen is transparent. The gear 619 cooperates with the toothed ring 6110 fixed on the filter screen 6111 to provide the power transmission basis for the rotation of the roller brush 618. The filter screen 6111, as a primary filtration component, is used to intercept larger particles such as fly ash in industrial coal flue gas, achieving coarse dust removal function, and at the same time providing a carrier for the contact between the desulfurization solution and the flue gas.

[0029] In this embodiment, the detection component 62 includes multiple mounting brackets 621. The lower end of the mounting bracket 621 is fixedly connected to the mounting sleeve 617. The multiple mounting brackets 621 are vertically aligned with the corresponding roller brushes 618 below. A first threaded rod 622 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the mounting bracket 621. A mounting block 623 is threadedly connected to the outer side of the first threaded rod 622. The upper end of the mounting block 623 is in contact with the mounting bracket 621. Two symmetrical industrial cameras 624 are mounted on the lower end of the mounting block 623. A first pulley 625 is fixedly connected to the far end of the multiple first threaded rods 622. A synchronous belt 626 is rotatably connected to the outer side of the first pulley 625. A second pulley 627 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the synchronous belt 626. The inner side of the second pulley 627 is fixedly connected to a roller brush 618 near the top.

[0030] Specifically, the mounting bracket 621 is used to mount the first threaded rod 622 and to limit and guide the mounting block 623, ensuring that the mounting block 623 moves in a straight line; the second pulley 627 rotates synchronously with the upper roller brush 618, and drives the first pulley 625 and the first threaded rod 622 to rotate through the synchronous belt 626, realizing power transmission; the first threaded rod 622 drives the mounting block 623 to move along the mounting bracket 621 through threaded engagement, thereby driving the industrial camera 624 to reciprocate; the industrial camera 624 is used to monitor the particulate matter clogging status and desulfurization reaction residue of the filter screen 6111 in real time, providing a basis for triggering subsequent cleaning actions, and the rising airflow can blow away its lens to avoid obstruction by spray solution or residue; the mounting block 623 is used to fix the industrial camera 624 to ensure the stability of the camera position during monitoring.

[0031] In this embodiment, the backflushing assembly 81 includes a three-way pipe 811 and a plurality of filter cylinders 812. The lower end of the three-way pipe 811 is fixedly connected to the hollow pipe 611. The plurality of filter cylinders 812 are arranged in two groups around the inner side of the separation chamber 7. The upper end of the three-way pipe 811 is slidably connected to the filter cylinders 812. Two inclined guide grooves 813 are opened on the outer side of the filter cylinders 812. An electric clamp 814 is installed on the outer side of the three-way pipe 811 near the middle. A second threaded rod 815 is provided on the inner side of the clamping port of the electric clamp 814. The second threaded rod 815 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the separation chamber 7. The included angle between the filter cylinders 812 near the outer ring of one of the two groups of filter cylinders 812 is 45 degrees, and the included angle between the filter cylinders 812 near the inner ring of the other group of filter cylinders 812 is 90 degrees.

[0032] Specifically, the three-way pipe 811 serves as a flue gas flow channel and can rotate with the hollow pipe 611. Its upper through-hole is sealed when it connects with the filter cylinder 812, providing conditions for the filter cylinder 812's online self-cleaning and also serving as a return channel for cleaned particles. The filter cylinder 812 is used to trap fine particles in industrial coal flue gas, achieving fine dust removal. Its grouped design with inner and outer rings at different angles allows for grouped filtration and grouped self-cleaning, ensuring continuous equipment operation. The inclined guide groove 813 provides a sliding and guiding path for the clamping block 818, enabling the annular plate 817 to rotate during movement. The electric clamp 814 can hold and fix the second threaded rod 815, allowing the second threaded rod 815 to rotate coaxially and synchronously with the hollow pipe 611 and the three-way pipe 811, achieving power transmission. The second threaded rod 815 is used to drive the pressure plate 816 to move and fix the rotating shaft 821 to rotate, providing power support for the cleaning of the outer and inner walls of the filter cylinder 812.

[0033] In this embodiment, a pressure plate 816 is threadedly connected to the outer side of the second threaded rod 815. The outer side of the pressure plate 816 is slidably connected to the inclined guide groove 813 through a through hole. An annular plate 817 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the through hole of the pressure plate 816. Two mutually symmetrical locking blocks 818 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the annular plate 817. The locking blocks 818 are slidably connected to the inner side of the inclined guide groove 813. A brush is provided on the inner side of the locking blocks 818.

[0034] Specifically, the pressure plate 816 moves along the inner side of the separation chamber 7 under the threaded drive of the second threaded rod 815. On the one hand, it drives the annular plate 817 to move synchronously, and on the other hand, it can divide the interior of the separation chamber 7 into upper and lower independent spaces, using the pressure difference to achieve reverse flushing of the filter cartridge 812. With the cooperation of the locking block 818 and the inclined guide groove 813, the annular plate 817 rotates synchronously around the filter cartridge 812 as it moves with the pressure plate 816. The locking block 818 is slidably connected in the inclined guide groove 813, converting the linear motion of the pressure plate 816 into the rotational motion of the annular plate 817. The brush on its inner side can clean the residual particles attached to the outer wall of the filter cartridge 812 during the rotation, realizing the self-cleaning of the outer wall of the filter cartridge 812.

[0035] In this embodiment, the emission assembly 82 includes a fixed rotating shaft 821 fixedly connected to the second threaded rod 815. A connecting rod 822 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the fixed rotating shaft 821, and two first electric telescopic rods 823 are installed at the lower end of the connecting rod 822.

[0036] Specifically, the fixed rotating shaft 821 rotates synchronously with the second threaded rod 815, driving the connecting rod 822 and the first electric telescopic rod 823 to rotate, achieving precise alignment between the first electric telescopic rod 823 and the filter cylinder 812 to be cleaned; the connecting rod 822 is used to connect the fixed rotating shaft 821 and the first electric telescopic rod 823, playing the role of power transmission and structural support; the first electric telescopic rod 823 can drive the electromagnetic strip 825 and the scraper 827 to rise and fall through the telescopic action, and its output shaft is connected to the electromagnetic strip 825 through magnetic attraction, providing lifting power for the scraper 827 to clean the inner wall of the filter cylinder 812.

[0037] In this embodiment, the emission assembly 82 further includes a fixed sleeve 824 fixedly connected to the filter cylinder 812. An electromagnetic strip 825 is slidably connected to the inner side of the fixed sleeve 824. The upper end of the electromagnetic strip 825 is movably connected to the output shaft of the first electric telescopic rod 823 by magnetic attraction. A scraper 827 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the electromagnetic strip 825. The scraper 827 is slidably connected to the inner side of the filter cylinder 812. Two through holes are opened on the outer sides of both the fixed sleeve 824 and the electromagnetic strip 825. A second electric telescopic rod 826 is installed above the filter cylinder 812 on the outer side of the fixed sleeve 824. The output shaft of the second electric telescopic rod 826 passes through the fixed sleeve 824 and the electromagnetic strip 825 through the through holes.

[0038] Specifically, the fixed sleeve 824 provides a sliding guide and installation base for the electromagnetic strip 825, ensuring the stability of the electromagnetic strip 825 during lifting. The electromagnetic strip 825 is connected to the output shaft of the first electric telescopic rod 823 through magnetic attraction, transmitting lifting power and simultaneously driving the scraper 827 to move synchronously. The scraper 827 slides along the inner wall of the filter cylinder 812, scraping off the fine particles trapped on the inner wall of the filter cylinder 812, achieving deep cleaning of the inner wall of the filter cylinder 812. When the output shaft of the second electric telescopic rod 826 passes through the fixed sleeve 824 and the electromagnetic strip 825 through the through hole, it achieves the positioning and fixation of the electromagnetic strip 825. When it exits the through hole, the limit is released, providing conditions for the lifting of the electromagnetic strip 825.

[0039] A method for using an air pollution control device, applicable to one of the aforementioned air pollution control devices, includes the following steps: S1, industrial coal flue gas is drawn into the inlet pipe 4 by the air pump 5, enters from the bottom of the purification tank 1 and concentrates upward. Large-diameter particles are intercepted by the filter screen 6111 of the sweeping component 61, while the solenoid valve spray head 616 sprays the desulfurization solution to achieve the preliminary desulfurization and dust removal of coal flue gas in a coordinated manner. The desulfurization solution and flue gas react in reverse contact. S2, the industrial camera 624 of the detection component 62 monitors the clogging and desulfurization residue of the filter screen 6111 in real time, triggering the roller brush 618 to rotate and revolve to clean, ensuring that the flue gas continues to flow upward. S3, the pre-treated flue gas enters the filter cartridge 812 of the separation chamber 7 to trap fine particulate matter and achieve fine dust removal; the discharge component 82 performs online self-cleaning of the clogged filter cartridge 812, and the cleaned particulate matter falls back to the bottom of the purification tank 1. S4. After purification, the flue gas is discharged through the emission pipe 9. The sensor in the emission pipe 9 detects the SO2 concentration and particulate matter content. If it does not meet the emission standards for industrial coal flue gas, it is returned to the purification tank 1 through the return pipe 10 for reprocessing until it meets the emission standards.

[0040] Working principle: During use, the air pump 5 is started to introduce industrial coal flue gas into the bottom of the purification tank 1 through the air inlet pipe 4. The flue gas flows upward along the inner wall of the purification tank 1 and first enters the preliminary treatment stage: As the flue gas rises, it passes through the filter screen 6111, which traps and filters larger particles such as fly ash in the flue gas. At the same time, the liquid replenishment valve 614 is started to deliver the desulfurization medium to the solenoid valve spray head 616 through the liquid storage pipe 615. The solenoid valve spray head 616 sprays the desulfurization solution evenly onto the upper part of the filter screen 6111. The desulfurization solution washes the particles trapped on the surface of the filter screen 6111 and comes into full contact with the rising coal flue gas, removing SO2 from the flue gas through absorption reaction. After passing through the filter screen 6111, the desulfurization solution continues to come into counter-current contact with the rising flue gas below, further improving the desulfurization efficiency and realizing simultaneous filtration and dust removal and absorption desulfurization. When a change in air pressure inside the purification tank 1 triggers a blockage detection on the filter screen 6111, the motor 2 is started. The output shaft of the motor 2 drives the hollow tube 611 to rotate via a cross plate. The hollow tube 611 drives the mounting sleeve 617 to rotate synchronously. The mounting sleeve 617 drives the roller brush 618 to revolve around the hollow tube 611. Since the gear 619 at the end of the roller brush 618 meshes with the retaining ring 6110 fixed on the filter screen 6111, the roller brush 618 simultaneously rotates during its revolution. The roller brushes 618 at both ends of the filter screen 6111 work together to clean the particulate matter and desulfurization reaction residue on the filter screen surface and in the pores from all directions. The process ensures the filter screen is clear; when the roller brush 618 rotates, it forms a vortex inside the purification tank 1, which not only accelerates the upward speed of the flue gas, but also promotes the mixing and contact of the flue gas with the desulfurization solution, thereby improving the synergistic effect of desulfurization and dust removal; the particulate matter and reaction residue generated during cleaning fall downward to the bottom of the purification tank 1 under the action of gravity, and some residues adhering to the inner wall of the purification tank 1 are swept down to the bottom by the upper sweeping rod 613 driven by the hollow tube 611, and then the solid waste accumulated at the bottom is swept to the drain valve 3 by the lower sweeping rod 612 driven by the hollow tube 611. It is then discharged through the drain valve 3 during the filtration work interval or as needed, so as to avoid the accumulation of solid waste affecting the processing efficiency; While the roller brush 618 rotates to clean, the roller brush 618 located above the filter screen 6111 drives the second pulley 627 to rotate synchronously. The second pulley 627 drives the first pulley 625 to rotate through the synchronous belt 626. The first pulley 625 drives the first threaded rod 622 to rotate inside the mounting frame 621. The first threaded rod 622 drives the mounting block 623 to move linearly along the mounting frame 621 through the threaded engagement and the limiting effect of the mounting frame 621 on the mounting block 623. The mounting block 623 drives the industrial camera 624 to monitor the particulate matter blockage status and desulfurization reaction residue of the filter screen 6111 in real time. By controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the motor 2, the industrial camera 624 can move back and forth to detect, ensuring no blind spots in monitoring. The rising filtered airflow can blow away the lens of the industrial camera 624, preventing the sprayed desulfurization solution or falling residue from obstructing the lens and ensuring monitoring accuracy. After preliminary desulfurization and coarse dust removal, the flue gas continues to flow upward into multiple filter cartridges 812 within the separation chamber 7. The filter cartridges 812 perform fine filtration on the fine particulate matter (such as PM2.5) that has not been intercepted in the flue gas, achieving multi-stage dust removal. The purified flue gas after fine filtration is introduced into the discharge pipe 9 from the separation chamber 7. Sensors on the inner wall of the discharge pipe 9 detect pollutant indicators such as SO2 residue and particulate matter concentration in the flue gas to determine whether it meets the emission standards for industrial coal flue gas. If the test results do not meet the standards, the return pipe 10 is immediately opened and the discharge pipe 9 is closed, returning the non-compliant flue gas to the purification tank 1 for desulfurization and dust removal treatment again, ensuring that the final emission flue gas meets environmental protection requirements. When the air pressure and airflow in the separation chamber 7 decrease, indicating that the filter cartridge 812 is blocked due to the accumulation of fine particles, the electric clamp 814 is activated. The electric clamp 814 clamps and fixes the second threaded rod 815, causing the hollow tube 611 to drive the three-way pipe 811, the electric clamp 814, and the second threaded rod 815 to rotate coaxially and synchronously. During the rotation of the three-way pipe 811, the two through holes at its upper end precisely connect with one filter cartridge 812 on the outer ring and one filter cartridge 812 on the inner ring, respectively, while blocking the air inlet channels of the two sets of filter cartridges 812, causing them to stop filtering. The remaining filter cartridges 812 continue to operate normally, ensuring that the equipment continuously processes flue gas without interruption. The three-way pipe 811 drives the fixed rotating shaft 821 to rotate via the second threaded rod 815. The fixed rotating shaft 821 drives the two first electric telescopic rods 823 to rotate until they are perpendicularly aligned with the two blocked filter cylinders 812 via the connecting rod 822. Then, the output shaft of the first electric telescopic rod 823 extends downward and fits against the electromagnetic strip 825 at the upper end of the filter cylinder 812, achieving a tight connection through magnetic attraction. The second electric telescopic rod 826 is activated, causing its output shaft to exit from the through hole between the fixed sleeve 824 and the electromagnetic strip 825, releasing the restriction on the electromagnetic strip 825. The first electric telescopic rod 823... The output shaft continues to push downwards, causing the electromagnetic strip 825 to extend into the filter cylinder 812 along the fixed sleeve 824. The scraper 827 at the lower end of the electromagnetic strip 825 slides downwards along the inner wall of the filter cylinder 812, scraping off the fine particles trapped on the inner wall of the filter cylinder 812. At this time, part of the purified airflow discharged from the other normally operating filter cylinders 812 flows back into the three-way pipe 811, blowing the scraped fine particles into the hollow pipe 611, and falling back to the bottom of the purification tank 1 through the channel between the cross plates. It is then discharged through the drain valve 3 along with the previously collected solid waste, avoiding secondary pollution of fine particles. After the two sets of filter cartridges 812 are cleaned, the output shaft of the first electric telescopic rod 823 retracts upward, driving the scraper 827 and the electromagnetic strip 825 to reset; the second electric telescopic rod 826 is activated again, and its output shaft passes through the through hole of the fixed sleeve 824 and the electromagnetic strip 825 to achieve the positioning and fixation of the electromagnetic strip 825; the output shaft of the first electric telescopic rod 823 and the electromagnetic strip 825 are released from magnetic attraction and reset to the initial position; Subsequently, the fixed rotating shaft 821 continues to drive the connecting rod 822 and the first electric telescopic rod 823 to rotate 90 degrees, repeating the above cleaning process for the next set of two blocked filter cartridges 812, and completing the online self-cleaning of all filter cartridges 812 in sequence. After all filter cartridges 812 are cleaned, the first electric telescopic rod 823 stops working and remains in the reset state. The second threaded rod 815 continues to rotate with the hollow tube 611. The second threaded rod 815 drives the pressure plate 816 to move downward along the inner side of the separation chamber 7 through threaded transmission. The pressure plate 816 slides with the inclined guide groove 813 on the outer side of the filter cartridge 812 through the through hole, driving the annular plate 817 to move synchronously. During the sliding process of the locking block 818 on the inner wall of the annular plate 817 along the inclined guide groove 813, the annular plate 817 is driven by the inclined guide action. As the filter cylinder 812 rotates around its outer side, the brush on the inner side of the clamping block 818 cleans the residual particles adhering to the outer wall of the filter cylinder 812. When the pressure plate 816 continues to move downward, it divides the interior of the separation chamber 7 into two independent spaces, upper and lower. The flue gas that is not completely purified in the lower space is isolated and, through the pressure difference, is pushed back into the filter cylinder 812 from the outside to the inside, further blowing off the fine particles remaining inside the filter cylinder 812, thus achieving deep self-cleaning of the filter cylinder 812. After self-cleaning is completed, all components are reset, and the equipment resumes its normal multi-stage desulfurization and dust removal process.

[0041] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An air pollution control device, comprising a purification tank (1), characterized in that: A motor (2) is installed at the lower end of the purification tank (1). A drain valve (3) is installed on the outer side of the purification tank (1) near the lower end. An air inlet pipe (4) is installed on the outer side of the purification tank (1). An air pump (5) is installed at the upper end of the air inlet pipe (4). A cleaning mechanism (6) for preliminary desulfurization and dust removal of coal flue gas and self-cleaning of the filter screen is installed on the inner side of the purification tank (1). The cleaning mechanism (6) includes a sweeping component (61) for removing condensed particles and desulfurization residue from the filter screen. The cleaning mechanism (6) also includes a detection component (62) for detecting the filter screen blockage status and desulfurization residue. A separation chamber (7) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the filter. A filter mechanism (8) for intercepting fine particulate matter and performing online backwashing self-cleaning is installed on the inner side of the separation chamber (7). The filter mechanism (8) includes a backwash assembly (81) for finely filtering fine particulate matter in coal flue gas. The filter mechanism (8) also includes a discharge assembly (82) for cleaning particulate matter on the inner wall of the filter cartridge. A discharge pipe (9) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the separation chamber (7). A sensor is installed on the inner wall of the discharge pipe (9). A return pipe (10) is installed on the outer side of the discharge pipe (9). One end of the return pipe (10) is fixedly connected to the purification tank (1).

2. The air pollution control equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sweeping assembly (61) includes a hollow tube (611). The lower end of the hollow tube (611) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor (2) through a cross plate. A lower sweeping rod (612) is fixedly connected to the outside of the hollow tube (611). An upper sweeping rod (613) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the blade of the lower sweeping rod (612). The outer side of the upper sweeping rod (613) is in contact with the inner wall of the purification tank (1).

3. The air pollution control equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sweeping assembly (61) also includes two symmetrical replenishment valves (614), which are installed on the outside of the purification tank (1). The outlet of the replenishment valve (614) is fixedly connected to a storage pipe (615), and multiple solenoid valve spray heads (616) are installed on the outside of the storage pipe (615) near the bottom.

4. The air pollution control equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: An installation sleeve (617) is fixedly connected to the outside of the hollow tube (611). Two sets of symmetrical roller brushes (618) are rotatably connected to the outside of the installation sleeve (617). A gear (619) is fixedly connected to the other end of the roller brush (618). A toothed ring (6110) is meshed with the outside of the gear (619). A filter screen (6111) is fixedly connected to the two toothed rings (6110) at their close ends. The filter screen (6111) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the purification tank (1).

5. The air pollution control equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection component (62) includes multiple mounting brackets (621). The lower end of each mounting bracket (621) is fixedly connected to a mounting sleeve (617). Each mounting bracket (621) is vertically aligned with a corresponding roller brush (618) below. A first threaded rod (622) is rotatably connected to the inner side of each mounting bracket (621). A mounting block (623) is threadedly connected to the outer side of the first threaded rod (622). The upper end of the mounting block (623) is in contact with the mounting bracket (621). Two symmetrical industrial cameras (624) are mounted on the lower end of the mounting block (623). A first pulley (625) is fixedly connected to the far end of each of the multiple first threaded rods (622). A synchronous belt (626) is rotatably connected to the outer side of the first pulley (625). A second pulley (627) is rotatably connected to the inner side of the synchronous belt (626). The inner side of the second pulley (627) is fixedly connected to a roller brush (618) near the top.

6. The air pollution control equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The backflushing assembly (81) includes a three-way pipe (811) and multiple filter cartridges (812). The lower end of the three-way pipe (811) is fixedly connected to a hollow tube (611). The multiple filter cartridges (812) are arranged in two groups around the inner side of the separation chamber (7). The upper end of the three-way pipe (811) is slidably connected to the filter cartridges (812). Two inclined guide grooves (813) are opened on the outer side of the filter cartridges (812). An electric clamp (814) is installed on the side near the middle. The clamping port of the electric clamp (814) is provided with a second threaded rod (815). The second threaded rod (815) is rotatably connected to the inside of the separation chamber (7). The angle between the filter cylinders (812) near the outer ring of one of the two sets of filter cylinders (812) is 45 degrees, and the angle between the filter cylinders (812) near the inner ring of the other set of filter cylinders (812) is 90 degrees.

7. The air pollution control equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer side of the second threaded rod (815) is threaded with a pressure plate (816). The outer side of the pressure plate (816) is slidably connected to the inclined guide groove (813) through a through hole. The inner side of the through hole of the pressure plate (816) is rotatably connected with an annular plate (817). The inner wall of the annular plate (817) is fixedly connected with two mutually symmetrical locking blocks (818). The locking blocks (818) are slidably connected to the inner side of the inclined guide groove (813). The inner side of the locking blocks (818) is provided with a brush.

8. The air pollution control equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emission assembly (82) includes a fixed shaft (821) fixedly connected to a second threaded rod (815), a connecting rod (822) fixedly connected to the upper end of the fixed shaft (821), and two first electric telescopic rods (823) installed at the lower end of the connecting rod (822).

9. An air pollution control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emission assembly (82) also includes a fixed sleeve (824) fixedly connected to the filter cartridge (812). An electromagnetic strip (825) is slidably connected to the inner side of the fixed sleeve (824). The upper end of the electromagnetic strip (825) is movably connected to the output shaft of the first electric telescopic rod (823) by magnetic attraction. A scraper (827) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the electromagnetic strip (825). The scraper (827) is slidably connected to the inner side of the filter cartridge (812). Two through holes are opened on the outer sides of both the fixed sleeve (824) and the electromagnetic strip (825). A second electric telescopic rod (826) is installed above the filter cartridge (812) on the outer side of the fixed sleeve (824). The output shaft of the second electric telescopic rod (826) passes through the fixed sleeve (824) and the electromagnetic strip (825) through the through holes.

10. The method of using an air pollution control device according to claim 1, applicable to an air pollution control device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1, industrial coal flue gas is drawn into the inlet pipe (4) by the air pump (5), enters from the bottom of the purification tank (1) and concentrates upward. Large particles are intercepted by the filter screen (6111) of the sweeping component (61), while the solenoid valve spray head (616) sprays the desulfurization solution to achieve preliminary desulfurization and dust removal of coal flue gas. The desulfurization solution and flue gas react in reverse contact. S2, by using the industrial camera (624) of the detection component (62) to monitor the blockage and desulfurization residue of the filter screen (6111) in real time, the roller brush (618) is triggered to rotate and revolve to clean, ensuring that the flue gas continues to flow upward; S3, the pre-treated flue gas enters the filter cartridge (812) of the separation chamber (7) to intercept fine particulate matter and achieve fine dust removal; the discharge component (82) performs online self-cleaning of the clogged filter cartridge (812), and the cleaned particulate matter falls back to the bottom of the purification tank (1); S4. After purification, the flue gas is discharged through the discharge pipe (9). The sensor in the discharge pipe (9) detects the SO2 concentration and particulate matter content. If it does not meet the emission standards for industrial coal flue gas, it is returned to the purification tank (1) through the return pipe (10) for reprocessing until it meets the emission standards.

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