Bolt and nut automatic assembling tool and assembling method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field related to assembling machinery, discloses an automatic bolt and nut assembling tool and an assembling method thereof, aims to solve the problems of high labor intensity and low efficiency of operators during traditional manual bolt and nut assembling, and adopts an industrial robot to realize intelligent and automatic assembling of bolts and nuts. Continuous conveying of the screw parts is achieved through the material forks installed on the chain, in the conveying process, the nut parts are conveyed to the ends of the screw parts through the headstock, the screw parts and the nut parts are automatically and spirally locked in combination with the material rotating motor, and finally the assembled nut parts and the assembled screw parts are output from the ends of the chain. And the materials are guided by the discharging sliding seat to be automatically fed into a container to be collected, so that the purposes of intelligent and automatic assembling and boxing are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of assembly machinery technology, and in particular to an automatic bolt and nut assembly fixture and its assembly method. Background Technology

[0002] The assembly of bolts and nuts is a very common and critical assembly process in industrial production. Its core lies in the precise assembly of bolts and nuts into one unit. After the assembly is completed, the product can directly enter the packaging stage.

[0003] However, traditional manual assembly methods have significant drawbacks. Operators must use both hands to hold bolts and nuts separately for tightening, and repetitive actions over a long period can easily lead to physical fatigue. This assembly method is not only labor-intensive but also prone to issues such as missed tightening, repeated tightening, or uneven tightening torque, resulting in inconsistent assembly quality. To ensure the quality of packaged products, an additional quality inspection and sorting process must be implemented before packaging, which undoubtedly reduces overall packaging efficiency. Furthermore, in some scenarios using semi-automatic assembly, it is difficult to achieve seamless integration between the assembly and packaging processes. The assembled finished products still require manual inspection and transfer, further increasing labor costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention proposes an automatic bolt and nut assembly fixture and its assembly method, which has the advantages of intelligent automatic assembly and inspection, and solves the problems mentioned in the background art, such as the high labor intensity of manual assembly and the need for quality inspection of the assembled bolts and nuts.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: an automatic bolt and nut assembly fixture, comprising: a support frame, a material feeding rack for conveying nut parts on the top, a nut feeding assembly for screwing the nut parts into the end of a screw part, and a screw feeding assembly for conveying the screw parts; the screw feeding assembly comprises: sprockets, mounted on the surface of the support frame by a bracket and driven by a feeding servo motor, the sprockets being connected by a chain drive; a fork, fixed to the side of the chain to provide positioning support for the screw parts; a guide plate, mounted on one side of the support frame surface; and a lifting boom. The lifting boom is mounted on the support frame surface and driven up and down by the lifting cylinder. The lifting boom is also equipped with a fork at its end. The upper pressure plate is fixed on the support frame surface and located above the lifting boom. The discharge slide is fixed on the bracket used to support the sprocket. After the screw is conveyed to the top of the lifting boom by the fork on the chain, the lifting boom uses the fork to lift the screw and press it against the upper pressure plate. The nut feeding assembly enables the nut to be screwed into the screw, realizing automatic assembly. After the assembly is completed, the screw is conveyed by the chain and slides from the discharge slide into the cargo box, realizing automatic boxing.

[0006] Furthermore, an anti-rotation stop is fixedly installed on the side of the lifting boom.

[0007] Furthermore, a material conveying assembly is installed at the bottom of the material handling rack, and a material dispensing assembly is fixedly installed on the side of the material handling rack.

[0008] Furthermore, the nut feeding assembly includes: a feeding slide, movably mounted on a support frame, with a push spring between the feeding slide and the support frame, and a return cylinder fixedly mounted at the bottom of the support frame and fixed to the bottom of the feeding slide; a spinning motor, fixed on the surface of the feeding slide, with an intermediate shaft mounted on the output shaft of the spinning motor, and a head seat fastened to the end of the intermediate shaft, with a positioning groove opened at the end of the head seat.

[0009] Furthermore, an anti-detachment cylinder is fixedly installed on the side of the support frame, and an anti-detachment stop is fixedly installed on the output end of the anti-detachment cylinder. A position detection component is fixedly installed on the side of the support frame.

[0010] Furthermore, a detection push rod is movably installed in the middle of the inner side of the intermediate shaft, a threaded ring frame is provided in the inner side of the intermediate shaft, a detection spring is provided between the threaded ring frame and the detection push rod, and a positioning detection component is threadedly connected in the middle of the threaded ring frame.

[0011] Furthermore, a traction belt is fixedly installed on the side of the intermediate shaft, and a counterweight column is fixedly installed at the bottom of the traction belt. An alarm tube suspended above the intermediate shaft is installed on the top of the support frame.

[0012] Furthermore, the side of the intermediate shaft has a movable side block that is guided by two forced return rods. A top spring is provided between the movable side block and the detection push rod. An intermediate push rod is movably mounted in the middle of the movable side block. An intermediate push spring is provided between the intermediate push rod and the movable side block. A pilot detection switch is fixedly installed inside the movable side block and on one side of the end of the intermediate push rod.

[0013] Furthermore, a check groove is provided on the side of the detection push rod, and a reset push rod is threadedly connected to the side of the anti-disengagement bracket, with the reset push rod and the forced return rod being coaxially aligned.

[0014] An assembly method for an automatic bolt and nut assembly fixture includes the following steps: S1. The industrial robot places the screw component onto the chain fork.

[0015] S2. The feeding servo motor drives the chain via the sprocket to step-feed the screw component to the top of the lifting boom.

[0016] S3. The lifting cylinder pushes the lifting boom, causing the fork to drive the screw to abut against the upper pressure plate, aligning the screw with the center axis of the headstock.

[0017] S4. The return cylinder returns the feeding slide to its original position and compresses the push spring.

[0018] S5. The anti-detachment cylinder pushes the anti-detachment baffle to block the positioning groove of the head seat. The position detection component sends a signal, the feeding component causes the nut to fall into the positioning groove, and the anti-detachment cylinder with the anti-detachment baffle resets.

[0019] S6. When the return cylinder stops, the feeding carriage, under the action of the pushing spring, brings the head seat close to the screw. After the nut in the head seat abuts the threaded end of the screw, the rotating motor rotates the head seat through the intermediate shaft and screws the nut into the screw.

[0020] S7. After assembly, the return cylinder resets the feeding slide.

[0021] S8. The assembled screw part falls from the fork and slides into the cargo box along the discharge slide for automatic packing.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: To address the problems of high labor intensity and low efficiency in traditional manual bolt and nut assembly, this invention provides an automated bolt and nut assembly fixture and method. This method utilizes an industrial robot to achieve intelligent and automated assembly of bolts and nuts. Specifically, in the automated assembly fixture designed in this application, a fork mounted on a chain continuously conveys the bolt assembly. During the conveying process, the headstock delivers the nut to the end of the bolt assembly. Subsequently, the screw motor starts, automatically locking the bolt and nut together. Afterward, the assembled nut and bolt are smoothly output from the chain end, and then a discharge slide automatically feeds the assembled product into a collection box for storage, thus fully realizing the entire process from intelligent automated assembly to boxing.

[0023] Furthermore, this application incorporates a detection push rod within the intermediate shaft specifically designed to monitor the screw-in length of the nut. This push rod continuously monitors the screwing-in progress of the nut. Only when the nut reaches the preset screw-in length will the headstock retract and quickly prepare for the next nut. This intelligent detection of screw-in depth effectively prevents quality issues caused by insufficient screw-in depth, ensuring the precision of each bolt and nut assembly and further enhancing the overall product quality. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall external three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram showing the position and three-dimensional structure of each component on the screw feeding assembly of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the position and three-dimensional structure of each component on the chain of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the position and three-dimensional structure of each component on the lifting boom of the present invention; Figure 5 and Figure 6 All of these are schematic diagrams showing the installation positions and three-dimensional structure of each component on the nut feeding assembly of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the mounting positions of the various components inside the intermediate shaft of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position and three-dimensional structure of the movable side block of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation positions and three-dimensional structure of the components inside the intermediate shaft of the present invention; Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 Enlarged structural diagram of the area at point E in the middle.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Support frame; 2. Screw feeding assembly; 201. Sprocket; 202. Feeding servo motor; 203. Chain; 204. Fork; 205. Lifting boom; 206. Lifting cylinder; 207. Anti-rotation stop; 208. Guide plate; 209. Upper pressure plate; 210. Discharge slide; 3. Nut feeding assembly; 301. Feeding slide; 302. Push spring; 303. Return cylinder; 304. Rotating motor; 305. Intermediate shaft; 306. Headstock; 4. Material handling rack; 40 1. Material conveying assembly; 402. Material discharging assembly; 5. Screw assembly; 501. Nut assembly; 6. Anti-detachment bracket; 601. Position detection assembly; 602. Anti-detachment cylinder; 603. Reset push rod; 7. Alarm tube; 8. Detection push rod; 800. Check groove; 9. Detection spring; 10. Position detection assembly; 11. Traction belt; 12. Counterweight column; 13. Movable side block; 131. Forced return rod; 132. Top spring; 133. Intermediate push rod; 134. Pilot detection switch; 135. Intermediate push spring. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1, please refer to Figure 1As can be seen, in order to achieve intelligent and automated assembly between the screw component 5 and the nut component 501, this embodiment 1 is equipped with a screw feeding assembly 2 for continuously conveying the screw component 5, a material handling rack 4 for conveying the nut component 501, and a nut feeding assembly 3 for screwing the nut component 501 into the end of the screw component 5, all located on the top of the support frame 1. It should be noted that, in this application, the head of the screw component 5 and the nut component 501 are preferably cubic in shape, but are not limited to the assembly of other bolts such as hexagonal bolts.

[0028] Specifically, regarding the input and output of screw component 5, combined with... Figures 1-4 It can be seen that the screw feeding assembly 2 includes: four sprockets 201 movably mounted on the surface of the support frame 1 via brackets, arranged in a rectangular shape at the four corners. The coaxial sprockets 201 rotate synchronously via couplings. A feeding servo motor 202, coaxially and securely mounted to the top of the support frame 1, is fixedly installed on top of the sprockets 201. Figure 1 It can be seen that a control system is fixedly installed on the side of the support frame 1. The control system controls the orientation / distance of the feeding servo motor 202, thereby causing the sprocket 201 to rotate stepwise. The two sprockets 201 are connected by a chain 203. Since there are four sprockets 201, two chains 203 are used accordingly. A fork 204 is installed on the side of the chain 203 and on the pin. The top of the fork 204 is provided with an upward-opening "V"-shaped fork to ensure effective positioning and support of the screw 5 during conveying. In detail, there are multiple forks 204, and the multiple forks 204 are equidistantly arranged along the chain 203; more importantly, the forks 204 on the two chains 203 are arranged horizontally correspondingly, thereby ensuring that the screw 5 is always conveyed horizontally forward when being transported.

[0029] Meanwhile, a guide plate 208 is installed on one side of the support frame 1, located on the head side of the screw 5. The end of the guide plate 208 is inclined away from the head of the screw 5. In this way, when the chain 203 pushes the screw 5 forward, it is blocked by the inclined part of the guide plate 208, causing the screw 5 to eventually come into contact with the vertical surface of the side of the guide plate 208. Subsequently, as the vertical surface of the side of the guide plate 208 limits the head of the screw 5, it ensures that the screw 5 is conveyed forward neatly. A lifting boom 205 is movably mounted on the surface of the support frame 1, and a lifting cylinder 206 is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the support frame 1 to drive the lifting boom 205 to move up and down. The lifting boom 205 is preferably U-shaped, and there are forks 204 bolted to both ends of the lifting boom 205. When the lifting cylinder 206 drives the lifting boom 205 to lift upward, the forks 204 above the lifting boom 205 can push the screw 5 placed on the chain 203 to move upward. Correspondingly, an upper pressure plate 209 is fixedly mounted on the surface of the support frame 1 above the screw 5, and the lifting boom 205 and the upper pressure plate 209 are vertically aligned. In this way, when the lifting boom 205 lifts the screw 5 through the forks 204, the middle part of the screw 5 will abut against the upper pressure plate 209, thereby restricting the screw 5 from moving upward. Based on this, it can be seen that by controlling the actual installation height of the upper pressure plate 209, the actual upward movement height of the screw component 5 can be adjusted, facilitating subsequent adjustment of the horizontal axis alignment between the screw component 5 and the nut feeding assembly 3. Furthermore, combined with... Figure 4 It can be seen that an anti-rotation bracket 207 is fixedly installed on the side of the lifting boom 205. The anti-rotation bracket 207 is L-shaped. When the lifting boom 205 is pushed upward, the anti-rotation bracket 207 can not only support the head of the screw component 5, but also prevent the head of the screw component 5 from rotating after the lifting boom 205 and the upper pressure plate 209 clamp the screw component 5.

[0030] from Figure 1 and Figure 3 As can be seen, the bracket supporting the sprocket 201 has a discharge slide 210 fixed with bolts. The discharge slide 210 is located at the tail end of the chain 203 as it moves forward, and the surface shape of the discharge slide 210 is an isosceles triangle. In practical applications, by placing the cargo box under the discharge slide 210, after the screw 5 and nut 501 on the chain 203 are assembled, the screw 5 fed to the tail end of the discharge slide 210 will fall onto the discharge slide 210 and be guided along the discharge slide 210 to be transported to the cargo box for storage, thereby achieving the purpose of automatic box packing.

[0031] The feeding of nut 501 mainly relies on the vibrating feed box to organize the nut 501 and input it into the guide rail of the material handling rack 4, combined with...Figure 5 and Figure 6 It can be seen that a conveying assembly 401 is installed at the bottom of the material handling rack 4. The conveying assembly 401 is preferably a belt conveyor. Specifically, the belt conveyor is placed in the guide rail of the material handling rack 4. After the sorted nut piece 501 is conveyed to the material handling rack 4, the belt conveyor makes the material handling rack 4 move forward, which facilitates the subsequent picking up of the nut feeding assembly 3. In this process, in order to ensure that the nut piece 501 can be accurately fed out in one direction, two vertically arranged feeding assemblies 402 are fixedly installed on the side of the material handling rack 4. The feeding assembly 402 includes, but is not limited to, components such as cylinders. The two feeding assemblies 402 are used to block the nut piece 501 in turn, ensuring that the nut piece 501 can be dropped in a single direction. Specifically, the lower nut 501 extends to block the lower part of the nut 501, while the upper feeding assembly 402 clamps the second nut 501. Then, when the lower feeding assembly 402 opens, the first nut 501 falls downwards naturally due to gravity because the second nut 501 is clamped. After that, the lower feeding assembly 402 extends again to block the lower part of the nut 501, and the upper feeding assembly 402 relaxes and clamps again. This cycle is repeated to ensure that the nut 501 can fall downwards in a single direction.

[0032] A nut feeding assembly 3 is provided on the surface of the support frame 1 and on one side of the material handling rack 4. Nuts 501 that fall from the material handling rack 4 will be placed behind the mounting part of the nut feeding assembly 3. Subsequently, the nut feeding assembly 3 can be used to install the nut 501 to the threaded end of the corresponding screw 5.

[0033] In practical application of this embodiment, the industrial robot clamps the screw 5 and places it on the fork 204. The control system causes the feeding servo motor 202 to drive the sprocket 201 to step forward and transport it. After reaching the top of the lifting arm 205, the positions of the lifting arm 205 and the fork 204 on the chain 203 correspond. Then, the air source is input to the lifting cylinder 206, which pushes the lifting arm 205 upward. The fork 204 on the lifting arm 205 moves upward and pushes the screw 5 above it further upward until the middle of the screw 5 touches the upper pressure plate 209. The upper pressure plate 209 limits the upward movement of the screw 5, ultimately ensuring that the central axis of the screw 5 corresponds to the central axis of the nut 501.

[0034] Subsequently, the nut 501 is conveyed along the feeder 4 by the feeding assembly 401, and then dropped by the unloading assembly 402. The dropped nut 501 is screwed into the threaded end of the screw 5 by the nut feeding assembly 3, thereby realizing the automatic assembly between the screw 5 and the nut 501.

[0035] After the screw component 5 and nut component 501 are assembled, the nut feeding assembly 3 retracts, and the lifting cylinder 206 pushes the lifting arm 205 downward, causing the assembled screw component 5 to fall back into the feed fork 204 on the chain 203. Then, the feeding servo motor 202 moves the chain 203 forward via the sprocket 201, and the lifting cylinder 206 actuates again, completing the assembly of the next screw component 5.

[0036] As the assembled screw component 5 is continuously conveyed forward, when the screw component 5 moves to the front end, it will fall from the fork 204 on the chain 203 and slide into the cargo box along the discharge slide 210, thereby realizing automatic boxing.

[0037] In summary, it can be seen that by using the technical solution proposed in Embodiment 1, the screw component 5 can be continuously and automatically assembled and automatically packed, which greatly reduces the problems of high labor intensity and low efficiency caused by manual assembly.

[0038] Example 2 is a further improvement on Example 1. Please refer to Example 1. Figures 5-7 It can be seen that the nut feeding assembly 3 includes: A feeding slide 301 moves horizontally in a directional manner via two guide rods fixed to the support frame 1. A push spring 302, sleeved on the outer side of the guide rods, is provided between the feeding slide 301 and the support frame 1. Under normal conditions, the feeding slide 301, pushed by the spring force of the push spring 302, always tends to move towards the screw feeding assembly 2. A return cylinder 303, connected to an air source, is fixedly installed at the bottom of the support frame 1, and the output end of the return cylinder 303 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the feeding slide 301. When the return cylinder 303 pulls the feeding slide 301 back, the feeding slide 301 compresses and stores force on the push spring 302. When the return cylinder 303 stops working, the feeding slide 301, pushed by the spring force of the push spring 302, will push towards the screw feeding assembly 2. In practical applications, the return cylinder 303 is also controlled by the control system.

[0039] A rotary feed motor 304 is fixedly mounted on the surface of the feeding carriage 301. The output shaft of the rotary feed motor 304 has an intermediate shaft 305 arranged towards the screw feeding assembly 2. Ideally, a torque limiter should be installed between the intermediate shaft 305 and the rotary feed motor 304 to prevent excessive resistance from causing the rotary feed motor 304 to burn out. The end of the intermediate shaft 305 has a headstock 306 fastened to it via a flange. Figure 8 As can be seen, the headstock 306 is cylindrical in shape, and its end has a rectangular positioning groove corresponding to the outside of the nut 501. When the return cylinder 303 retracts the feeding slide 301, the feeding slide 301 moves to its right limit, with the direction referenced... Figure 7At this point, the end of the headstock 306 is aligned with the left side of the feed rack 4, and the nut 501 corresponds to the guide rail in the feed rack 4. When the nut 501 in the feed rack 4 falls, it can fall into the headstock 306. It should be noted that when the lifting cylinder 206 is lifted by the lifting arm 205, the lifting arm 205 uses the fork 204 to push the screw 5 upward and abut against the upper pressure plate 209 to complete the clamping. The central axis of the screw 5 is generally aligned with the central axis of the headstock 306, ensuring that after the headstock 306 drives the nut 501 to approach the threaded part at the end of the screw 5, the two can be stably screwed in.

[0040] To prevent the nut 501 from accidentally detaching from the rectangular positioning groove after falling into the positioning groove of the headstock 306, the following measures are taken: Figure 5 and Figure 6 It can be seen that an anti-detachment cylinder 602 is fixedly installed on the side of the support frame 1, located on one side of the headstock 306. The anti-detachment cylinder 602 is connected to the air source, and an anti-detachment baffle 6 is fixedly installed at the output end of the anti-detachment cylinder 602. When the return cylinder 303 drives the feeding slide 301 to move to the right and retract, the headstock 306 moves to the bottom of the material handling rack 4. During this process, the anti-detachment cylinder 602 pushes the anti-detachment baffle 6 towards the material handling rack 4, causing the side of the anti-detachment baffle 6 to block the left opening of the rectangular positioning groove in the headstock 306. In this way, when the nut 501 in the material handling rack 4 falls, the rectangular positioning groove only opens upwards. Therefore, due to the obstruction of the anti-detachment baffle 6, the nut 501 is forced not to accidentally detach from the rectangular positioning groove. Moreover, combined with Figure 5 It is evident that a position detection component 601 for detecting the movement position of the anti-slip bracket 6 is fixedly installed on the side of the support frame 1. When the anti-slip bracket 6 blocks the rectangular positioning groove of the head seat 306, the anti-slip bracket 6 will also disengage from the position detection component 601. After that, the position detection component 601 will send an electrical signal to the control system as a trigger signal, so that the control system can allow the nut 501 to fall from the guide rail of the material handling rack 4 by adjusting the material feeding component 402.

[0041] In practical application of this embodiment, the fork 204 on the lifting boom 205 pushes the screw 5 upward and abuts against the bottom of the upper pressure plate 209, thereby aligning the central axis of the screw 5 with the central axis of the headstock 306. Simultaneously, the return cylinder 303 retracts the feeding slide 301 to the right and compresses the push spring 302. Then, the anti-detachment cylinder 602 pushes the anti-detachment stop 6 towards the end of the headstock 306. Once the anti-detachment stop 6 blocks the rectangular positioning groove at the end of the headstock 306, it disengages from the position detection component 601. The position detection component 601 sends an electrical signal to the control system, which then uses the unloading component 402 to drop the bottommost nut 501 of the material handling rack 4 into the rectangular positioning groove at the end of the headstock 306. In this embodiment, once the nut 501 enters the rectangular positioning groove at the end of the headstock 306, the anti-detachment cylinder 602 can retract and reset the anti-detachment stop 6.

[0042] Afterwards, the control system stops the air supply to the return cylinder 303. Under the elastic force of the push spring 302, the feeding slide 301 drives the spinning motor 304, the intermediate shaft 305 and the head seat 306 to move closer to the screw feeding assembly 2 until the nut 501 in the head seat 306 touches the threaded end on the screw 5. Then, the control system makes the spinning motor 304 rotate and uses the intermediate shaft 305 to make the head seat 306 rotate synchronously. Finally, the rotating head seat 306 makes the nut 501 screwed into the threaded part of the screw 5.

[0043] After the screw component 5 and nut component 501 are assembled, the return cylinder 303 is restarted and the feeding slide 301 is reset to the right. Then, according to the above, the headstock 306 feeds the next nut component 501, and the screw component 5 is conveyed by the chain 203 so that the next screw component 5 to be assembled moves to the top of the end of the lifting arm 205. This cycle is repeated to realize the continuous assembly of the screw component 5 and nut component 501.

[0044] Example 3 is a further improvement on Example 2. To ensure that the length of the nut 501 screwed into the threaded portion of the screw 5 meets the requirements, Example 3 provides a screwing stroke detection method. Specifically, in conjunction with... Figure 5 and Figure 9As can be seen, a detection push rod 8 is coaxially and movably mounted on the inner side of the intermediate shaft 305, and the detection push rod 8 can only reciprocate horizontally along the central axis of the intermediate shaft 305. A threaded ring frame is provided on the inner side of the intermediate shaft 305, and a detection spring 9 is provided between the threaded ring frame and the detection push rod 8. Moreover, a positioning detection component 10 located on the inner side of the detection spring 9 is threadedly connected to the middle of the threaded ring frame. The positioning detection component 10 includes a detection switch and a threaded rod for fixing on the threaded ring frame. The detection switch is located on one side of the end of the detection push rod 8, and one end of the threaded rod is provided with an internal hexagonal groove. The operator can use an internal hexagonal wrench to turn the threaded rod, thereby adjusting the distance between the detection switch and the end of the detection push rod 8. In this embodiment, when the end of the detection push rod 8 abuts against the detection switch on the positioning detection component 10, the detection switch will send a signal to the control system to inform the operating system that the nut 501 has been screwed into place, which can realize the disengagement between the head seat 306 and the screw 5.

[0045] Specifically, as described in Embodiment 2, when the pusher spring 302 pushes the feeding slide 301 to the left, and the nut 501 at the end of the headstock 306 abuts against the threaded end of the screw 5, the rotating motor 304, via the intermediate shaft 305, drives the headstock 306 to screw the nut 501 onto the threaded end of the screw 5. As the threaded end of the screw 5 is continuously screwed in and the pusher spring 302 continuously pushes the feeding slide 301 to the left, the screw 5 passes through the nut 501. The end of the device will push the detection push rod 8 to move to the right. As the detection push rod 8 moves to the right, it will continue until the right end of the detection push rod 8 contacts the positioning detection component 10. After that, the positioning detection component 10 will input a signal to the control system. The control system will then use the return cylinder 303 to achieve rightward traction and reset of the feeding slide 301. In this way, the detection push rod 8 can be used to adjust the actual screwing stroke of the nut 501. Only after the preset screwing stroke is reached will the device reset and start the next assembly operation.

[0046] Based on this, if the inner threaded hole of the nut 501 is smaller than the threaded portion at the end of the screw 5, or if the nut 501 is not properly screwed into the end of the screw 5, this will cause the spinning motor 304 to continuously drive the headstock 306 to rotate via the intermediate shaft 305. Since neither is properly screwed in, the spinning motor 304 will continue to rotate, affecting subsequent assembly. To facilitate operators' awareness of this abnormality, this embodiment also provides an abnormality alarm method. Specifically, a traction belt 11 is fixedly installed on the side of the intermediate shaft 305. The traction belt 11 is a flexible belt that is easy to bend, and a counterweight column 12 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the traction belt 11. Correspondingly, an alarm tube 7 is installed on the top of the support frame 1, suspended above the intermediate shaft 305 by a pull rope. Under normal conditions, if the nut 501 is properly screwed in... In the screw assembly 5, although the rotation of the intermediate shaft 305 causes the traction belt 11 to wind up, it is not enough to completely wind up the traction belt 11. Therefore, the counterweight column 12 is always relatively far away from the alarm tube 7, and the two will not come into contact, so no sound will be produced. Conversely, if the nut 501 is not properly screwed into the end of the screw assembly 5, when the spinning motor 304 drives the intermediate shaft 305 to rotate continuously, the intermediate shaft 305 will continuously wind up the traction belt 11 until it is completely wound up. After that, the traction belt 11 will pull the counterweight column 12 to rotate synchronously with the intermediate shaft 305. When the counterweight column 12 passes the alarm tube 7, the two collide and produce a sound. As the intermediate shaft 305 continues to rotate, the counterweight column 12 will also produce a continuous sound when it hits the alarm tube 7, thereby warning the operator that there is an abnormality in the assembly work here and it needs to be checked.

[0047] More importantly, in this third embodiment, the installation positions of the traction belt 11 and the intermediate shaft 305 are arranged 180° relative to the opening of the rectangular positioning groove of the headstock 306. The advantage of this arrangement is that, on the one hand, when the spinning motor 304 stops, the counterweight column 12 is subjected to gravity, and the traction belt 11 is released from the intermediate shaft 305. The counterweight column 12 pulls the traction belt 11 back to its original position, so that the traction belt 11 can provide conditions for the installation of the nut 501 next time. On the other hand, when the counterweight column 12 completely releases the traction belt 11 from the intermediate shaft 305, the traction of the traction belt 11 by the counterweight column 12 causes the intermediate shaft 305 to drive the rectangular positioning groove of the headstock 306 toward the guide rail of the material handling rack 4, ensuring that the two are relatively aligned, so that the nut 501 in the subsequent material handling rack 4 can fall into the rectangular positioning groove.

[0048] Example 4, as a supplement to Example 3, builds upon Example 3 by addressing the following: If the nut 501 is not properly inserted into the headstock 306, or if the threaded hole of the nut 501 is larger than the threaded end of the screw 5, when the pusher spring 302 pushes the feeding slide 301 to bring the headstock 306 closer to the screw 5, the end of the screw 5, not being blocked by the nut 501, directly abuts against the end of the detection push rod 8. This triggers the positioning detection component 10, causing the nut 501 to not be properly screwed into the screw 5. At this point, the feeding slide 301 has already driven the headstock 306 to retract and reset, resulting in a missed screwing. To prevent this problem, Example 4, based on Example 3, incorporates... Figures 8-10 It can be seen that a movable side block 13 is mounted on the side of the intermediate shaft 305, guided by two forced return rods 131, and one of the forced return rods 131 is fitted with a bolt, thereby restricting the movable side block 13 to reciprocating motion only along the radial direction of the intermediate shaft 305 for a certain distance. Combined with... Figure 10 It can be seen that two top springs 132 are provided between the movable side block 13 and the detection push rod 8. Under normal conditions, the movable side block 13 tends to move away from the detection push rod 8 under the elastic force of the top springs 132. At the same time, a middle push rod 133 is movably mounted in the middle of the movable side block 13. A middle push spring 135 is provided between the middle push rod 133 and the movable side block 13. The middle push rod 133 tends to move towards the detection push rod 8 under the elastic force of the middle push spring 135. Since a retaining ring is provided on the side of the movable side block 13, and the middle cross-sectional shape of the middle push rod 133 is "T", the middle push rod 133 will not detach from the movable side block 13 under the elastic force of the middle push spring 135. Furthermore, a pilot detection switch 134 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the movable side block 13 and on one side of the end of the middle push rod 133. When the pilot detection switch 134 is pressed by the end of the middle push rod 133, it will send a signal to the control system.

[0049] Specifically, before the nut 501 is placed into the rectangular positioning groove at the end of the headstock 306, the counterweight column 12 pulls the traction belt 11 to release it completely from the intermediate shaft 305. At the same time, the movable side block 13 is pushed by the elastic force of the top spring 132, causing it to move away from the detection push rod 8. At this time, the movable side block 13 drives the intermediate push rod 133 to also move away from the detection push rod 8. The intermediate push rod 133, pushed by the elastic force of the intermediate push spring 135, will not contact the pilot detection switch 134.

[0050] Subsequently, when the feeding carriage 301 pushes the intermediate shaft 305 and headstock 306 to convey the material to the end of the screw 5, if the nut 501 is properly positioned, it will abut against the end of the screw 5, thus restricting the feeding carriage 301 from continuing to move to the left. At this time, the end of the screw 5 will not pass the nut 501. Secondly, as the rotating motor 304 drives the intermediate shaft 305 to rotate at low speed, the intermediate shaft 305 winds up the traction belt 11. When the intermediate shaft 305 drives the movable side block 13 to wind up the traction belt 11, especially after the movable side block 13 moves above the intermediate shaft 305, the traction belt 11, pulled by the counterweight column 12, always has a downward tendency. This causes the traction belt 11 to pull the movable side block 13 closer to the intermediate shaft 305 and compress the top spring 132. Simultaneously, as the movable side block 13 approaches the detection push rod 8, the intermediate push rod 133 first contacts the side of the detection push rod 8 and compresses the intermediate push spring 13. 5. Compression continues until the pilot detection switch 134 is contacted. The pilot detection switch 134 will send a signal to the control system first. Finally, as the intermediate shaft 305 continuously drives the head seat 306 to tighten the nut 501 to the end of the screw 5, the screw 5 will continuously approach the detection push rod 8 towards the positioning detection component 10 until the positioning detection component 10 is triggered. The positioning detection component 10 sends a signal to the control system. In this way, the pilot detection switch 134 and the positioning detection component 10 successively input signals to the control system, thereby informing the control system that the nut 501 on the head seat 306 has been properly installed on the screw 5. Conversely, if the nut 501 is not properly inserted into the headstock 306, or if the threaded hole of the nut 501 is relatively larger than the threaded end of the screw 5, when the feeding carriage 301 pushes the headstock 306 closer to the screw 5, since the end of the screw 5 will not be blocked by the nut 501, the end of the screw 5 will directly contact the detection push rod 8, and by pushing the detection push rod 8, the positioning detection component 10 will be triggered. The positioning detection component 10 will send a signal to the control system first, and the control system will determine that the nut 501 is not properly screwed in, and will not allow it to retract and reset. As the spinning motor 304 drives the intermediate shaft 305 to rotate continuously, the intermediate shaft 305 completes the winding of the traction belt 11 until the counterweight column 12 collides with the alarm tube 7, realizing the alarm.

[0051] Example 5 is a further improvement on Example 4, combining... Figure 10It can be seen that a check groove 800 is provided on the side of the detection push rod 8. At the same time, a reset push rod 603 is threadedly connected to the side of the anti-detachment bracket 6, and the reset push rod 603 and a forced return rod 131 are coaxially aligned. The advantage of this arrangement is that when the check groove 800 moves to the middle push rod 133, the detection push rod 8, which is pushed by the elastic force of the detection spring 9, always tends to move outward. If the middle push rod 133 abuts against the end of the check groove 800 at this time, it will restrict the outward movement of the detection push rod 8. At this time, the detection push rod 8 will also restrict the middle push rod 133 from resetting by squeezing the middle push rod 133, that is, to ensure that the movable side block 13 is attached to the side of the detection push rod 8, and the forced return rod 131 extends and faces the reset push rod 603.

[0052] Subsequently, when the anti-detachment cylinder 602 pushes out the anti-detachment bracket 6 and triggers the position detection component 601, the anti-detachment bracket 6 completes the blocking of the rectangular positioning groove at the end of the headstock 306. At this moment, when the anti-detachment bracket 6 and the position detection component 601 disengage, the air supply to the anti-detachment cylinder 602 will also stop, so that after the anti-detachment bracket 6 blocks the end of the headstock 306, the anti-detachment cylinder 602 stops working, and the reset push rod 603 will not contact the forced return rod 131. Afterwards, after the nut 501 on the material handling rack 4 falls off, the control system reactivates the anti-detachment cylinder 602 and inputs a stronger airflow, forcing the anti-detachment bracket 6 to drive the reset push rod 603 further forward until the reset push rod 603 contacts the forced return rod 131 and pushes the forced return rod 131 to force the movable side block 13 to move away from the intermediate shaft 305. Regarding how the airflow is supplied to the anti-detachment cylinder 602, resulting in the anti-detachment bracket 6 having two strokes, combined with... Figure 6 As shown in Figure A, a spring push rod is installed on the side of the anti-detachment bracket 6. When the first section of weak airflow is input to the anti-detachment cylinder 602, the anti-detachment cylinder 602 will only push out the anti-detachment bracket 6, and make the spring push rod push against the side of the head seat 306, that is, the anti-detachment bracket 6 blocks the end of the head seat 306. When the second section of strong airflow is input, the driving force of the anti-detachment cylinder 602 is greater than the resistance of the spring push, and thus the anti-detachment cylinder 602 pushes the anti-detachment bracket 6 further forward until the reset push rod 603 contacts the forced return rod 131. During this process, since the spring push rod always abuts against the side of the head seat 306, if the end of the spring push rod is set to an arc shape that matches the head seat 306, when the spring push rod abuts against the side of the head seat 306, it can restrict the rotation of the intermediate shaft 305 when the reset push rod 603 contacts the forced return rod 131.

[0053] When the reset push rod 603 reaches the forced return rod 131, it will force the movable side block 13 to move away from the detection push rod 8. After the movable side block 13 drives the middle push rod 133 to disengage from the detection push rod 8, it will be pushed out by the elastic force of the detection spring 9. In this fifth embodiment, the stroke of the detection push rod 8 is relatively greater than that described in the above embodiments. In this way, the end of the detection push rod 8 is pushed out by the spring force of the detection spring 9. Figure 7 The state shown is pushed out to the left again, and the end of the detection push rod 8 is chamfered to facilitate the insertion of the end of the detection push rod 8 into the nut 501 and through its middle. By having the detection push rod 8 pass through the nut 501, the nut 501 and the detection push rod 8 are arranged coaxially, avoiding the problem of misalignment between the centers of the nut 501 and the screw 5 when they come into contact later, which would prevent proper assembly. Using the method described in this embodiment, the detection push rod 8 extends from the middle of the nut 501. As the feeding slide 301 pushes the detection push rod 8 forward, since the detection push rod 8 is also coaxially arranged with the screw 5, the end of the detection push rod 8 contacts the end of the screw 5 first. As the feeding slide 301 continuously pushes the anti-detachment bracket 6 forward, the guiding force of the detection push rod 8 ensures that the end of the screw 5 is directly aligned with the nut 501. Subsequently, following the method described above, as the screw 5 is continuously screwed into the nut 501, the end of the screw 5 will push the detection push rod 8 to move to the right.

[0054] In the initial stage of screwing the screw 5 into the nut 501, the intermediate shaft 305, by winding the traction belt 11, causes the movable side block 13 to move closer to the detection push rod 8. The movable side block 13 compresses the top spring 132, while the intermediate push rod 133 abuts against the side of the detection push rod 8 and moves away from the check groove 800 area. The intermediate push rod 133 also causes the pilot detection switch 134 to input a signal to the control system first. Subsequently, as the end of the screw 5 is continuously inserted into the detection push rod 8, the detection push rod 8 gradually moves closer to the positioning detection assembly 10. At the same time, the detection push rod 8 drives the check groove 800 to move closer to the intermediate push rod 133. Subsequently, the check groove 800 passes the intermediate push rod 133 first. Under the elastic force of the intermediate push spring 135, the intermediate push rod 133 is pushed further towards the detection push rod 8. As the detection push rod 8 continues to move towards the positioning detection component 10, until the positioning detection component 10 also inputs a signal to the control system, since the pilot detection switch 134 and the positioning detection component 10 sequentially send signals to the control system, it indicates that the nut 501 is installed normally, and the control system allows the feeding slide 301 to retract and reset. Conversely, if the two do not sequentially send signals, it indicates abnormal installation. As the rotating motor 304 drives the intermediate shaft 305 to rotate continuously, the counterweight column 12 finally strikes the alarm tube 7 and makes a sound.

[0055] During the retraction and reset process of the feeding carriage 301, since the traction belt 11 is still wrapped around the outside of the intermediate shaft 305, the movable side block 13 remains attached to the side of the detection push rod 8. When the return cylinder 303 resets the feeding carriage 301 to the right, it will cause the detection push rod 8 to move away from the screw component 5. Then, under the force of the detection spring 9, the detection push rod 8 will cause the end of the check groove 800 to abut against the intermediate push rod 133 again. Then, the intermediate push rod 133 will again restrict the movement of the check groove 800. The check groove 800 abuts against the intermediate push rod 133, which also restricts the movable side block 13 from moving away from the detection push rod 8. When the feeding carriage 301 resets to the right and the traction belt 11 is completely released from the intermediate shaft 305, it returns to the above state. Then, according to the above, the nut component 501 is fed in again and assembled with the screw component 5.

[0056] Based on this, it can be seen that if the intermediate push rod 133 is not initially inserted into the check groove 800, the operator can manually adjust the return cylinder 303 so that the feeding slide 301 pushes the detection push rod 8 directly to the end of the screw 5. Then, the rotating motor 304 drives the traction belt 11 to rotate, forcing the check groove 800 to move to the intermediate push rod 133. Then, the feeding slide 301 is retracted and reset in the above manner, so that the intermediate push rod 133 is initially inserted into the check groove 800.

[0057] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An automatic bolt and nut assembly fixture, characterized in that, include: The support frame (1) is equipped with a material feeding rack (4) for conveying the nut (501), a nut feeding assembly (3) for screwing the nut (501) into the end of the screw (5), and a screw feeding assembly (2) for conveying the screw (5). The screw feeding assembly (2) includes: The sprocket (201) is mounted on the surface of the support frame (1) by a bracket and driven by a feeding servo motor (202). The sprockets (201) are connected by a chain (203). The fork (204) is fixed to the side of the chain (203) to provide positioning support for the screw (5); Guide plate (208) is installed on one side of the surface of support frame (1); The lifting boom (205) is mounted on the surface of the support frame (1) and driven up and down by the lifting cylinder (206). The lifting boom (205) is also equipped with a fork (204). The upper pressure plate (209) is fixed to the surface of the support frame (1) and located above the lifting boom (205); The discharge slide (210) is fixed on the bracket used to support the sprocket (201); After the screw component (5) is conveyed to the top of the lifting boom (205) via the fork (204) on the chain (203), the lifting boom (205) uses the fork (204) to lift the screw component (5) and press it against the upper pressure plate (209). The nut feeding assembly (3) realizes that the nut component (501) is screwed into the screw component (5), thus realizing automatic assembly. After assembly, the screw component (5) is conveyed by the chain (203) and slides into the cargo box from the discharge slide (210) to achieve automatic boxing.

2. The automatic bolt and nut assembly fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, An anti-rotation stop (207) is fixedly installed on the side of the lifting boom (205).

3. The automatic bolt and nut assembly fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the material handling rack (4) is equipped with a material conveying assembly (401), and the side of the material handling rack (4) is fixedly equipped with a material dispensing assembly (402).

4. The automatic bolt and nut assembly fixture according to claim 3, characterized in that, Nut feeding assembly (3) includes: The feeding slide (301) is movably mounted on the support frame (1), and a push spring (302) is provided between the feeding slide (301) and the support frame (1). A return cylinder (303) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the support frame (1) and fixed to the bottom of the feeding slide (301). A spinning motor (304) is fixed on the surface of the feeding carriage (301), and an intermediate shaft (305) is installed on the output shaft of the spinning motor (304). A head seat (306) is fastened to the end of the intermediate shaft (305), and a positioning groove is provided at the end of the head seat (306).

5. The automatic bolt and nut assembly fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that, The support frame (1) is fixedly installed with an anti-detachment cylinder (602) on its side, and an anti-detachment stop (6) is fixedly installed at the output end of the anti-detachment cylinder (602). The support frame (1) is fixedly installed with a position detection component (601).

6. The automatic bolt and nut assembly fixture according to claim 5, characterized in that, A detection push rod (8) is movably installed in the middle of the inner side of the intermediate shaft (305). A threaded ring frame is provided in the inner side of the intermediate shaft (305). A detection spring (9) is provided between the threaded ring frame and the detection push rod (8). A positioning detection component (10) is threadedly connected in the middle of the threaded ring frame.

7. The automatic bolt and nut assembly fixture according to claim 6, characterized in that, A traction belt (11) is fixedly installed on the side of the intermediate shaft (305), and a counterweight column (12) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the traction belt (11). An alarm tube (7) is installed on the top of the support frame (1) and suspended above the intermediate shaft (305).

8. The automatic bolt and nut assembly fixture according to claim 7, characterized in that, The side of the intermediate shaft (305) has a movable side block (13) that is guided by two forced return rods (131). A top spring (132) is provided between the movable side block (13) and the detection push rod (8). An intermediate push rod (133) is movably fitted in the middle of the movable side block (13). An intermediate push spring (135) is provided between the intermediate push rod (133) and the movable side block (13). A pilot detection switch (134) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the movable side block (13) and on one side of the end of the intermediate push rod (133).

9. The automatic bolt and nut assembly fixture according to claim 8, characterized in that, The detection push rod (8) has a check groove (800) on its side, and the anti-disengagement bracket (6) has a reset push rod (603) threadedly connected to its side. The reset push rod (603) and the forced return rod (131) are coaxially aligned.

10. An assembly method for an automatic bolt and nut assembly fixture, using the automatic bolt and nut assembly fixture as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The industrial robot places the screw (5) on the fork (204) of the chain (203); S2. The feeding servo motor (202) drives the chain (203) via the sprocket (201) to step-feed the screw component (5) to the top of the lifting boom (205); S3. The lifting cylinder (206) pushes the lifting arm (205), causing the fork (204) to drive the screw (5) to abut against the upper pressure plate (209), so that the screw (5) is aligned with the central axis of the headstock (306); S4. The return cylinder (303) returns the feeding slide (301) to its original position and compresses the push spring (302). S5. The anti-detachment cylinder (602) pushes the anti-detachment bracket (6) to block the positioning groove of the head seat (306), the position detection component (601) sends a signal, the feeding component (402) causes the nut (501) to fall into the positioning groove, and the anti-detachment cylinder (602) resets with the anti-detachment bracket (6). S6. When the return cylinder (303) stops, the feeding slide (301) moves the head seat (306) close to the screw (5) under the action of the push spring (302). After the nut (501) in the head seat (306) abuts the thread end of the screw (5), the spinning motor (304) rotates the head seat (306) through the intermediate shaft (305) to screw the nut (501) into the screw (5). S7. After assembly, the return cylinder (303) resets the feeding slide (301); S8. The assembled screw component (5) falls from the fork (204) and slides into the cargo box along the discharge slide (210) for automatic packing.

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