Three-dimensional flower ceramic flower disc fired by medium-temperature glaze water and decorated by novel pattern of stained paper and new color on glaze and preparation method of three-dimensional flower ceramic flower disc

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional flower ceramic flower disc fired by medium-temperature glaze water and decorated by novel patterns of stained paper and new colors on glaze and a preparation method of the three-dimensional flower ceramic flower disc, and relates to the technical field of ceramic product processing. The method sequentially comprises the steps of porcelain body preparation, medium-temperature glaze water firing, stained paper pattern background manufacturing and on-glaze new color local decoration. The method comprises the following steps: firstly preparing a green body with a three-dimensional flower model, biscuit-firing to obtain a biscuit-fired porcelain body, then applying medium-temperature glaze water, performing medium-temperature firing to obtain a glaze-fired body, then transferring and fixing water transfer pattern paper with customized patterns on a glaze surface, and finally, locally performing manual colored drawing on the three-dimensional flower and baking for color fixation. Through collaborative innovation of multiple processes, the problems that in a traditional process, three-dimensional modeling is prone to deformation, the glaze texture is poor, and the adaptation degree of patterns and patterns is low are solved, the obtained product is stable in forming, the glaze is bright and smooth, the patterns are coordinated, the decoration layers are rich, practicability and artistic collection value are both achieved, and the market competitiveness is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ceramic product processing technology, specifically to a three-dimensional floral ceramic plate with a combination of medium-temperature glaze firing, novel decal patterns, and overglaze decoration, and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plates are handicrafts that combine ceramic forming techniques with floral art aesthetics, possessing high artistic value and market collection potential. Their traditional manufacturing process mainly follows two technical paths: high-temperature firing (usually between 1280℃ and 1320℃) and low-temperature firing (usually between 600℃ and 950℃).

[0003] High-temperature firing aims to achieve glazes with excellent physical and chemical properties. However, the drastic changes in thermal stress pose a severe challenge to the body, especially to hand-sculpted three-dimensional floral components (such as delicate petals and slender branches). This can easily lead to uneven shrinkage, deformation, cracking, and even overall structural failure, resulting in a low yield rate of finished products. At the same time, excessively high temperatures can also cause changes in the color-producing minerals in some glazes, leading to distorted colors and making it difficult to reproduce the natural and delicate color transitions of flowers.

[0004] While low-temperature firing can alleviate the deformation stress of three-dimensional shapes during firing to some extent, its fundamental flaw lies in the incomplete vitrification of the glaze. Products made this way have low glaze hardness, poor wear resistance, and insufficient gloss, resulting in a matte or rough appearance. Furthermore, the color saturation of low-temperature glazes is generally insufficient, making the visual effect far less lustrous and full than that of high-temperature glazes, thus affecting the product's texture and grade.

[0005] Furthermore, in terms of decoration, traditional three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plates often suffer from a disconnect between the background pattern and the three-dimensional subject. The background may be a single-color flat painting or use outdated and homogenous generic decal patterns, resulting in a monotonous design language. It lacks an intrinsic connection and artistic resonance with the form and style of the three-dimensional flowers above, making it difficult to form a harmonious and unified overall aesthetic effect, thus limiting the artistic uniqueness and added value of the product.

[0006] While the industry has made scattered attempts to improve these individual problems—such as optimizing medium-temperature glaze formulas to achieve a performance balance, introducing custom decals to enrich the design, or using overglaze embellishments—these techniques are mostly applied piecemeal and isolated. To date, no technical solution has emerged that organically integrates and systematically innovates the three processes of "medium-temperature glaze firing," "customized decal background," and "partial overglaze decoration of three-dimensional flowers." Existing technologies cannot simultaneously overcome the three core pain points of "poor forming stability," "unsatisfactory glaze texture," and "insufficient decorative artistry." Therefore, the market urgently needs a new process for preparing three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plates that can balance excellent physical properties with outstanding artistic expression. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate with a novel pattern of decals and new overglaze decoration, which is fired at medium temperature and prepared by means of medium temperature glaze, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, a specific embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate, comprising the following steps performed in sequence: S1. Porcelain body preparation: The ceramic blank is prepared into a green body with a three-dimensional floral shape, dried, and then bisque fired at 760℃~850℃ to obtain a bisque porcelain body; S2. Medium-temperature glaze firing: Apply medium-temperature glaze to the surface of the bisque porcelain body, and then fire it in a kiln at a core firing temperature of 1100℃~1260℃ to obtain the glazed body. S3. Background production of decal pattern: The ceramic water transfer decal with the printed pattern is transferred to the background area of ​​the glazed body and baked at 650℃~800℃ to fix the pattern to the glaze surface. S4. Partial decoration with overglaze enamels: At least a portion of the three-dimensional floral design is decorated by hand with overglaze enamel pigments, and then baked at a temperature of 300℃~780℃ to fix the colors.

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a method for preparing a three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate and the resulting product. This method creatively integrates and optimizes four key steps: porcelain body preparation, medium-temperature glaze firing, decal background production, and overglaze decoration. It aims to systematically solve problems in traditional processes such as the fragility of three-dimensional shapes, poor glaze quality, and mediocre pattern decoration, ultimately yielding a three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate with a high yield rate, a lustrous glaze texture, harmonious artistic effect, and unique characteristics.

[0010] In addition, the three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate and its preparation method, which are produced by medium-temperature glaze firing combined with novel decal patterns and overglaze decoration, as proposed in this application, may also have the following additional technical features: In one embodiment of this application, in step S1, the ceramic green body comprises the following components by weight percentage: 40%–55% kaolin, 20%–26% quartz, and 15%–32% feldspar; the linear shrinkage rate of the green body after drying is 3%–5%, and the body density is 1.5 g / cm³. 3 ~1.8g / cm 3 .

[0011] In one embodiment of this application, in step S2, the medium-temperature glaze comprises the following components by weight percentage: 22%–42% feldspar, 15%–26% quartz, 10%–22% kaolin, and a flux of 15%–30% in total, wherein the flux is selected from at least one of zinc oxide, barium carbonate, talc, calcite, and boron frit.

[0012] In one embodiment of this application, the medium-temperature glaze further comprises 0.3% to 4.7% ceramic pigment by weight, preferably manganese oxide.

[0013] In one embodiment of this application, in step S2, the firing process adopts a stepped heating program, specifically including: a first stage, heating to 380℃~420℃ at a rate of 40℃ / h~60℃ / h and holding at that temperature for 0.5 hours~2 hours; a second stage, heating to 1080℃~1120℃ at a rate of 70℃ / h~90℃ / h and holding at that temperature for 0.5 hours~1.5 hours; and a third stage, heating to the core firing temperature of 1100℃~1260℃ at a rate of 50℃ / h~70℃ / h and holding at that temperature for 1 hour~2 hours.

[0014] In one embodiment of this application, in step S3, the pattern is printed on the water transfer paper using low expansion coefficient ceramic ink via laser printing technology, and the printing thickness of the ink is 0.05mm to 0.1mm.

[0015] In one embodiment of this application, in step S4, before the hand-painted decoration, the new glaze pigment and the special blending oil are mixed and prepared at a mass ratio of 1:(0.7 to 0.9); the thickness of the pigment coating formed during the painting decoration is 0.15 mm to 0.25 mm.

[0016] In one embodiment of this application, in step S4, the baking adopts a two-step heating method: first, the temperature is raised to 280℃ to 320℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min to 5℃ / min and held for 20 minutes to 120 minutes, and then the temperature is raised to 700℃ to 780℃ at a rate of 4℃ / min to 6℃ / min and held for 40 minutes to 90 minutes.

[0017] A three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate, prepared by any one of the methods described herein.

[0018] A three-dimensional floral ceramic plate with a glaze hardness of not less than 5.5H on the Mohs scale, wherein the three-dimensional floral shape is free from deformation and cracking, and the floral pattern is firmly bonded to the overglaze decoration area without peeling or cracking.

[0019] The advantages of this invention compared to existing technologies are: (1) By adopting a raw material formula with a specific component range and combining it with a bisque firing process of 760℃~850℃, a bisque fired porcelain body with high strength and stable dimensions is provided for subsequent processes; then, glaze firing is carried out in the medium temperature range of 1100℃~1260℃. This temperature range not only avoids the damage to the three-dimensional shape caused by the severe thermal stress caused by high temperature, but also overcomes the defect of insufficient vitrification of the glaze surface in low temperature glaze firing, thereby greatly improving the qualification rate of the final product.

[0020] (2) The medium-temperature glaze formula and the stepped heating firing system described in this invention enable the glaze to be fully melted and vitrified under relatively mild conditions. The resulting glaze has high hardness (≥5.5H), good gloss and full and lustrous color effect, making the product both practical and aesthetically pleasing.

[0021] (3) This invention combines customized decal background with partial overglaze decoration; the decal pattern can be specially designed according to the theme of three-dimensional flowers, and is firmly attached by low-temperature baking, achieving a unified style between the background and the main body. On this basis, only the key parts of the three-dimensional flowers (such as flower heads, branches and leaves) are decorated with overglaze decoration by hand. Through fine outlining and shading, the color layering and natural vividness of the three-dimensional flowers are greatly enhanced, and the integrity of the background pattern is not destroyed, resulting in strong overall artistic expression.

[0022] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the main preparation process of a three-dimensional floral ceramic plate with a novel decal pattern and overglaze decoration, produced by medium-temperature glaze firing and its preparation method, as described in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a detailed breakdown flowchart of the preparation method of a three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate combining a novel decal pattern and overglaze decoration with medium-temperature glaze firing, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the quality control and inspection process of a three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate made by medium-temperature glaze firing combined with novel decal patterns and overglaze decoration, and its preparation method, in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the key temperature control parameters for a three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate, which combines a novel decal pattern with overglaze decoration and a medium-temperature glaze firing process, as well as its preparation method, in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the relationship between material ratios and process parameters for a three-dimensional floral ceramic plate made by medium-temperature glaze firing combined with novel decal patterns and overglaze decoration, and its preparation method, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this invention discloses a three-dimensional floral ceramic plate with medium-temperature glaze firing combined with novel decal patterns and overglaze decoration, and its preparation method. Through a four-step collaborative process of "porcelain body preparation - medium-temperature glaze firing - decal pattern background production - partial overglaze decoration", it systematically solves the technical pain points of traditional three-dimensional floral ceramic plates, such as easy deformation and cracking during high-temperature firing, poor glaze texture during low-temperature firing, low compatibility between patterns and three-dimensional floral shapes, and insufficient decorative layering.

[0027] Example: Detailed preparation steps (I) Step S1: Preparation of porcelain body The porcelain body is the basic carrier of the three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate, and its properties directly determine the product's molding stability and structural strength. This step, through raw material ratio optimization, molding process control, drying, and bisque firing, obtains a bisque-fired porcelain body that meets the requirements of subsequent processes. The specific operations are as follows: Raw material selection and proportioning The selection of ceramic body components must consider plasticity, stability, and structural strength after firing. By weight percentage, kaolin (40%–55%), quartz (20%–26%), and feldspar (15%–32%) are selected as the core components. High-purity, highly plastic kaolin is chosen to provide good molding properties, ensuring the three-dimensional floral design does not easily collapse during molding and firing. Uniform natural quartz sand is selected, primarily to increase the density and mechanical strength of the ceramic body and reduce shrinkage after firing. Potassium feldspar, sodium feldspar, or a mixture of both are selected as fluxes to lower the firing temperature and improve the sintering properties of the ceramic body, resulting in a uniform structure after bisque firing.

[0028] If it is necessary to prepare colored porcelain bodies, 2% to 6% of ceramic pigments can be added to the above-mentioned porcelain clay base material, and after mixing evenly, it can be used as a colored body. The pigment selection must ensure that it is compatible with the sintering performance of the body and does not affect the structural stability of the porcelain body.

[0029] billet mixing treatment First, each raw material is crushed separately to ensure uniform particle size. After crushing, it is screened through a 200-mesh sieve, with the residue controlled to be ≤1%, to ensure the uniformity of the mixture and the density of the formed material. For kaolin raw materials, additional washing and impurity removal treatment is required to remove impurities such as mud, sand, and stones, to avoid impurities affecting the strength and surface smoothness of the porcelain body.

[0030] After screening and impurity removal, the raw materials are mixed according to the specified ratio, and an appropriate amount of deionized water is added to make the total water content reach 29% to 33% of the total weight of the raw materials. Then, wet grinding is performed for 14 to 18 hours to ensure that the raw material particles are sufficiently refined, improving the plasticity and uniformity of the raw material. After wet grinding, excess water is removed by pressure filtration and mud refining, controlling the moisture content of the raw material to 20% to 25%. The raw material is then fed into a vacuum mud refining machine with a vacuum degree ≥ -0.09 MPa for at least two refining cycles to remove air from the inside of the raw material and prevent cracking of the porcelain body due to gas expansion during firing. After refining, the raw material is sealed and aged for at least 24 hours to allow moisture to penetrate evenly, further improving the plasticity and stability of the raw material.

[0031] Green molding The green body forming process includes two parts: forming the flower base and forming the three-dimensional flower shape, as detailed below: Flower plate base forming: It can be formed by slip casting or hand-throwing. When slip casting, a plaster mold matching the size of the flower plate is selected. The prepared slip is injected into the mold. The slip casting pressure and time are controlled to ensure that the slip is evenly attached in the mold. The mold is removed when the thickness of the base reaches the design requirements. When hand-throwing, the blank is drawn into the preset shape of the flower plate base by hand with the help of a throwing machine, ensuring that the base surface is smooth and the size is regular.

[0032] Three-dimensional flower shaping: The process involves hand-sculpting. A suitable amount of aged raw material is taken, and according to the designed flower shape (such as peony, rose, etc.), petals, flower heads, branches, leaves, and other components are hand-sculpted. During sculpting, the thickness of the raw material is controlled: petal edges are as thin as 1mm, stamens are ≥2mm thick, and branches and leaves are 1.5–3mm thick. The overall dimensional tolerance is controlled within ±0.5mm to ensure the three-dimensional flower shape is delicate and proportionally harmonious. After sculpting, the three-dimensional flower components are evenly fixed to the surface of the flower plate base using a clay slurry bonding method. During bonding, it is ensured that the clay slurry on the bonding surface is even to avoid gaps and prevent detachment after firing.

[0033] Green drying The shaped green body contains a large amount of moisture. If fired directly, it is prone to cracking and deformation due to rapid moisture evaporation. Therefore, a slow drying process is necessary. The green body is placed in a well-ventilated, cool, dust-free environment to air dry naturally. During the air drying process, the green body is turned regularly to ensure even drying and avoid localized moisture accumulation. After natural air drying, the green body is transferred to an oven for constant temperature drying. The oven temperature is gradually increased, with the final drying temperature maintained at 40–60°C. Drying continues until the linear shrinkage rate of the green body reaches 3%–5% and the body density is 1.5 g / cm³. 3 ~1.8g / cm 3 During the drying process, the heating rate and drying time must be strictly controlled to avoid excessively rapid drying, which could lead to surface cracking or internal stress in the green body.

[0034] bisque firing The dried green body has low strength and needs to be bisque-fired to improve its mechanical strength, laying the foundation for subsequent glazing. The dried green body is placed in a kiln and slowly heated to 760℃~850℃, held for 5~7 hours to complete the bisque-firing process. During bisque-firing, organic matter and moisture in the body are further expelled, and the mineral components undergo a preliminary sintering reaction, resulting in a stable structure for the porcelain body. The bisque-fired porcelain body must meet the following requirements: strength ≥15MPa, no deformation, cracks, missing corners, or other defects, and a clean, smooth surface without obvious impurities or unevenness.

[0035] (ii) Step S2: Medium-temperature glaze firing Medium-temperature glaze firing is a crucial process that determines the texture, hardness, and color of the product's glaze. This step, through optimization of the medium-temperature glaze formula and step-by-step firing, avoids deformation and cracking of the three-dimensional floral design while achieving a lustrous and full glaze surface. The specific operation is as follows: medium-temperature glaze preparation The formulation design of medium-temperature glazes needs to take into account the melting temperature, hardness, gloss and color performance of the glaze. By weight percentage, its core components include 22% to 42% feldspar, 15% to 26% quartz, 10% to 22% kaolin, and 15% to 30% flux. The flux is selected from at least one of zinc oxide, barium carbonate, talc, calcite and boron frit.

[0036] Raw material selection: Potassium feldspar or sodium feldspar is selected to provide the alkali metal oxides required for the glaze and reduce the melting temperature of the glaze; Quartz serves as the skeleton component of the glaze, improving the hardness and wear resistance of the glaze surface; Kaolin increases the suspension and stability of the glaze, preventing glaze stratification during the glazing process; The selection of flux needs to be adjusted according to the melting characteristics of the glaze. For example, zinc oxide can improve the gloss and whiteness of the glaze surface, barium carbonate can enhance the chemical stability of the glaze surface, talc can improve the fluidity of the glaze, and calcite and boron frit can significantly reduce the melting temperature of the glaze.

[0037] Colorant addition: If a colored glaze is to be prepared, ceramic colorant accounting for 0.3% to 4.7% of the total weight can be added to the medium-temperature glaze. Ceramic colorant containing manganese oxide is preferred. As a key coloring component, manganese oxide can make the glaze present a uniform color such as pinkish-purple and brown. It is also compatible with the medium-temperature glaze base material and is not prone to uneven coloring or impurities.

[0038] Glaze preparation: After mixing the above raw materials evenly according to the formula, put them into a ball mill, add an appropriate amount of deionized water, and ball mill at a material-to-ball-to-water mass ratio of 1:(1.2-1.6):(0.5-0.65) for 16-20 hours to ensure that the glaze particles are fully refined. After ball milling, pass the glaze slurry through a 250-mesh sieve, controlling the residue to ≤0.5%, and then adjust the specific gravity of the glaze slurry to 1.7 g / cm³. 3 After about 24 hours of settling, allow the glaze slurry to stand and age to allow the glaze particles to fully hydrate and improve the glaze slurry's application performance.

[0039] Glaze application The purpose of glazing is to form a uniform glaze layer on the surface of the unglazed porcelain body. The glazing method should be selected in combination with the structural characteristics of the porcelain body, and a combination of spray glazing and manual glazing should be used.

[0040] Glazing Operation: Use an air spray gun to glaze the bisque-fired porcelain body, controlling the spray gun pressure at 0.25–0.45 MPa and the distance between the spray gun and the porcelain surface at 20–30 cm. Move the spray gun evenly during the glazing process to ensure uniform glaze thickness. For raised areas such as flower heads and branches of three-dimensional flowers, adjust the spray gun angle appropriately to avoid glaze accumulation. For flat areas of the flower plate base, increase the number of glaze passes to ensure complete glaze coverage.

[0041] Manual glazing touch-up: After glazing is completed, carefully inspect the surface of the porcelain body. For areas with uneven glazing or glaze leaks, use tools such as a brush to manually touch up the glaze, ensuring there are no leaks or glaze accumulations. Final control of glaze thickness: The glaze thickness for thin-walled areas such as the edges of petals should be 0.15mm, and the glaze thickness for the main body should be 0.25–0.5mm. A glaze that is too thin will result in an incomplete glaze surface and poor gloss, while a glaze that is too thick will easily lead to defects such as glaze shrinkage and bubbles.

[0042] Stepped heating firing To avoid thermal stress damage caused by rapid heating at high temperatures, the firing process employs a stepped heating procedure, specifically divided into three stages: The first stage involves heating to 380℃ to 420℃ at a rate of 40℃ / h to 60℃ / h, and holding at this temperature for 0.5 to 2 hours. The main purpose of this stage is to remove residual moisture and small amounts of organic matter from the glaze and porcelain body. Slow heating can prevent rapid evaporation of moisture, which could lead to cracking of the glaze or deformation of the porcelain body. The holding process ensures that moisture and organic matter are fully evaporated.

[0043] The second stage involves heating at a rate of 70℃ / h to 90℃ / h to 1080℃ to 1120℃ and holding at that temperature for 0.5 to 1.5 hours. During this stage, the temperature gradually increases, the glaze begins to soften, and a preliminary chemical reaction occurs between the porcelain body and the glaze. Slow heating allows thermal stress to be released gradually, preventing poor bonding between the glaze and the porcelain body due to a sudden temperature increase.

[0044] The third stage involves raising the temperature at a rate of 50℃ / h to 70℃ / h to the core firing temperature of 1100℃ to 1260℃, and holding it at this temperature for 1 to 2 hours. The core firing temperature is crucial for the complete melting and vitrification of the glaze. At this temperature, the glaze completely melts and flows onto the surface of the porcelain body, forming a smooth and flat glaze surface. Simultaneously, the glaze and the porcelain body undergo a strong chemical bond. The holding process ensures the glaze is fully vitrified, improving its hardness and gloss, and resulting in a uniform and saturated glaze color.

[0045] Glazed body cooling After firing, turn off the kiln heating device and allow the glazed body to cool naturally in the kiln at a rate not exceeding 50℃ / h until it reaches room temperature. Slow cooling avoids thermal stress caused by sudden temperature drops, which could lead to glaze cracking or porcelain body deformation, ensuring the structural stability of the glazed body. The cooled glazed body must meet the following requirements: a smooth glaze surface free of defects such as glaze shrinkage, pinholes, and bubbles; a uniform and saturated glaze color; and complete, undeformed, and unglazed three-dimensional floral designs.

[0046] (III) Step S3: Creating the background with the decal pattern This step addresses the issues of homogenized patterns and low compatibility with three-dimensional floral designs in traditional flower plates by using customized decal patterns and precise transfer technology. It achieves stylistic consistency between the background pattern and the three-dimensional flowers. The specific steps are as follows: Decorative Paper Pattern Design and Printing Pattern Design: The design should center on a three-dimensional floral theme, incorporating elements of regional culture and traditional patterns. For example, when designing a three-dimensional flower resembling a Luoyang peony, traditional patterns such as lotus scrolls and cloud motifs can be integrated to ensure harmony and unity between the pattern and the shape and color of the three-dimensional flower, enhancing the overall artistic expression. The pattern design should avoid overly complex details to ensure the integrity of the pattern during subsequent printing and transfer processes.

[0047] Ink Selection: Use ceramic-specific inks with a low coefficient of thermal expansion. These inks have a high degree of compatibility with the thermal expansion coefficient of the glaze, making them less prone to cracking and peeling after firing. They also offer stable color development, ensuring the pattern remains clear and vibrant over a long period. Select the appropriate ink color based on the design requirements, such as reds, yellows, or purples.

[0048] Laser printing: Laser printing technology is used to print the designed pattern onto ceramic-specific water transfer paper. Laser printing has the advantages of high pattern precision, clear lines, and uniform color, accurately reproducing the design pattern. During the printing process, the ink thickness is controlled at 0.05mm to 0.1mm. If the ink thickness is too thin, the pattern will be pale; if it is too thick, the pattern is prone to peeling and flaking. After printing, the transfer paper is cut to a size that matches the background area of ​​the glazed ceramic body. A small allowance should be left during cutting to ensure that the pattern completely covers the background area.

[0049] Paper transfer The core of transfer printing is to completely transfer the pattern on the decal to the background area of ​​the glazed body. The operation process is as follows: Surface treatment: Use a clean cotton cloth dipped in deionized water to evenly wet the background area of ​​the glazed body. The purpose of wetting is to reduce the adhesion between the decal and the glaze, making it easier to peel off the base paper later, while ensuring that the pattern can adhere tightly to the glaze.

[0050] Applying the decals: Place the cut decals face down, precisely align them with the background area of ​​the glazed body, and apply them. Gently press from the center of the decal outwards with a soft, damp sponge to remove air bubbles and excess moisture between the decal and the glaze, ensuring complete adhesion without bubbles or wrinkles. Apply pressure gently to avoid damaging the decals or the design.

[0051] Base paper peeling: After bonding, let stand for 10 minutes to allow the decal to fully moisten and the pattern to initially bond with the glaze. Then, gently lift a corner of the decal and slowly peel off the base paper. If any pattern is found to be detached or blurred during the peeling process, it needs to be re-bonded immediately. After peeling, check the integrity and adhesion of the pattern again to ensure there are no wrinkles or gaps.

[0052] Baking flower fixation After the transfer is complete, the design ink needs to be firmly bonded to the glaze through baking. The decorated plate is placed in an electric kiln and heated to 650℃~800℃, held for 8 hours to complete the baking and setting process. The baking temperature must be strictly controlled; too low a temperature will result in weak bonding between the ink and glaze, causing the design to peel off easily; too high a temperature may cause discoloration of the glaze or distortion of the design's color. During the baking process, the organic components in the ink volatilize, and the inorganic pigments react chemically with the glaze to form a strong bonding layer, ensuring the design will not peel or discolor over long-term use. After baking, the plate is allowed to cool naturally to room temperature. Upon removal, the design must be clear, the color uniform, and free from cracks or peeling.

[0053] (iv) Step S4: Partial decoration with new overglaze colors This step enhances the color gradation and artistic expression of the three-dimensional flowers through hand-painting and precise baking to fix the colors. It achieves refined decoration of the three-dimensional flowers without damaging the background pattern. The specific steps are as follows: Preparation of new overglaze pigments Pigment selection: Select ceramic-specific overglaze color pigments that are resistant to low temperatures, have strong color stability, and good compatibility with glaze surfaces. Commonly used colors include ruby ​​red, agate red, scarlet, deep yellow, ochre, dark green, sky blue, ochre, gold, gold water, and extra black. The corresponding pigments can be selected according to the variety and design requirements of the three-dimensional flowers.

[0054] Mixing and Preparation: Mix the new overglaze pigments with the special blending oil at a mass ratio of 1:(0.7-0.9). Stir thoroughly with a glass rod or grinding rod until the mixture reaches a suitable viscosity, thick enough to adhere to the brush without dripping. After preparation, let the mixture stand for about 10 minutes to allow air bubbles generated during mixing to dissipate, preventing defects in the coating during painting.

[0055] Hand-painted decorations The painting process involves only decorating the core areas of the three-dimensional flowers, such as the flower heads, leaves, and branches, without affecting the background pattern to ensure its integrity. The specific steps are as follows: Flower head decoration: Use a No. 0 or No. 2 ceramic mixed-hair brush, dip it in an appropriate amount of prepared pigment, and decorate the petals using a shading technique. For example, use carmine red pigment to smudge the edges of the petals, and use dark yellow pigment to dot the base of the petals, creating a natural color transition from the tip to the base of the petal, simulating the real color layers of flower petals. During the painting process, control the thickness of the pigment coating to 0.15mm to 0.25mm. If the coating is too thick, it will cause cracking and peeling after baking; if it is too thin, the color will be pale and the decorative effect will be poor.

[0056] Leaf decoration: Use a No. 1 or No. 2 mixed hair brush, dip it in sky blue pigment and blend it along the outer side of the leaf, then use Sichuan blue and dark green pigment to blend the base of the leaf, highlighting the veins and natural texture of the leaf, ensuring that the color transition is natural and there are no obvious brushstroke marks.

[0057] Branch decoration: Use a No. 0 or No. 1 wolf hair brush, dip it in Sichuan pigment, and outline lines of varying shades along the texture of the branches to simulate their natural texture. For parts such as the old branches of peonies, use ochre pigment to enhance the three-dimensionality and realism of the branches. Keep your hand steady during the painting process to ensure smooth lines and uniform thickness.

[0058] Painting and baking for color fixing After the painting is completed, it needs to be baked to ensure that the paint and glaze adhere firmly. The baking process uses a two-step heating method: Phase 1: After decorating, place the flower trays in a dust-free environment to air dry for 2 hours. Once the surface of the pigments no longer has a noticeable sheen, place them in an electric kiln and heat them to 280℃-320℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min-5℃ / min. Hold them at this temperature for 20-120 minutes. The main purpose of this phase is to volatilize the special blending oil in the pigments. Slow heating prevents the blending oil from evaporating too quickly and causing the pigment coating to crack. The heat holding process ensures that the blending oil evaporates fully, laying the foundation for subsequent color fixing.

[0059] The second stage involves heating to 700℃-780℃ at a rate of 4℃ / min-6℃ / min and holding at this temperature for 40-90 minutes. This stage is crucial for color fixing. At this temperature, the pigment particles in the colorant react chemically with the glaze surface, forming a strong bonding layer that prevents the colorant from peeling or curling. The heat-holding process ensures thorough color fixing, enhancing the color stability and adhesion of the colorant.

[0060] Cooling treatment: After baking, turn off the power to the electric kiln and let the flower plate cool down to room temperature naturally with the kiln to avoid the paint cracking or the glaze being damaged by a sudden drop in temperature.

[0061] The technical solutions described in the above-mentioned embodiments effectively overcome multiple pain points of traditional processes through the synergistic innovation of S1 porcelain body preparation, S2 medium-temperature glaze firing, S3 decal pattern background production, and S4 on-glaze new color partial decoration. The final product has a glaze hardness of not less than 5.5H on the Mohs scale, no deformation or cracking in the three-dimensional shape, and a firm combination of pattern and decoration. This not only ensures the stability and practicality of the process, but also enhances the artistic expression and greatly improves the market competitiveness of the three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate.

[0062] Obviously, the above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate, characterized in that, The steps are as follows, performed in sequence: S1. Porcelain body preparation: The ceramic blank is prepared into a green body with a three-dimensional floral shape, dried, and then bisque fired at 760℃~850℃ to obtain a bisque porcelain body; S2. Medium-temperature glaze firing: Apply medium-temperature glaze to the surface of the bisque porcelain body, and then fire it in a kiln at a core firing temperature of 1100℃~1260℃ to obtain the glazed body. S3. Background production of decal pattern: The ceramic water transfer decal with the printed pattern is transferred to the background area of ​​the glazed body and baked at 650℃~800℃ to fix the pattern to the glaze surface. S4. Partial decoration with overglaze new colors: At least a portion of the three-dimensional floral shape is decorated by hand with overglaze new color pigments, and then baked at a temperature of 300℃~780℃ to fix the color.

2. The method for preparing a three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the ceramic green body comprises the following components by weight percentage: 40%–55% kaolin, 20%–26% quartz, and 15%–32% feldspar; the linear shrinkage rate of the green body after drying is 3%–5%, and the body density is 1.5 g / cm³. 3 ~1.8g / cm 3 .

3. The method for preparing a three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the medium-temperature glaze comprises the following components by weight percentage: 22%–42% feldspar, 15%–26% quartz, 10%–22% kaolin, and 15%–30% flux, wherein the flux is selected from at least one of zinc oxide, barium carbonate, talc, calcite, and boron frit.

4. The method for preparing a three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate according to claim 3, characterized in that, The medium-temperature glaze also contains 0.3% to 4.7% ceramic pigment by weight, preferably manganese oxide.

5. The method for preparing a three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the firing process adopts a stepped heating program, specifically including: a first stage, heating to 380℃~420℃ at a rate of 40℃ / h~60℃ / h and holding for 0.5 hours~2 hours; a second stage, heating to 1080℃~1120℃ at a rate of 70℃ / h~90℃ / h and holding for 0.5 hours~1.5 hours; and a third stage, heating to the core firing temperature of 1100℃~1260℃ at a rate of 50℃ / h~70℃ / h and holding for 1 hour~2 hours.

6. The method for preparing a three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the pattern is printed on the water transfer paper using low expansion coefficient ceramic ink through laser printing technology, and the printing thickness of the ink is 0.05mm to 0.1mm.

7. The method for preparing a three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, before the hand-painted decoration, the new glaze pigment and the special blending oil are mixed and prepared at a mass ratio of 1:(0.7 to 0.9); the thickness of the pigment coating formed during the painting decoration is 0.15 mm to 0.25 mm.

8. A method for preparing a three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that, In step S4, the baking process employs a two-step heating method: first, the temperature is increased to 280℃ to 320℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min to 5℃ / min and held for 20 minutes to 120 minutes; then, the temperature is increased to 700℃ to 780℃ at a rate of 4℃ / min to 6℃ / min and held for 40 minutes to 90 minutes.

9. A three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate, characterized in that, Prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A three-dimensional floral ceramic flower plate according to claim 9, characterized in that, Its glaze hardness is not less than 5.5H on the Mohs scale. The three-dimensional flower shape is free from deformation and cracking. The decal pattern is firmly bonded to the overglaze decoration area without peeling or cracking.

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