IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an IrCo-based nano-particle catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps that Ir salt, Co salt, M salt and a surfactant are dissolved in polyhydric alcohol, a reflux reaction is conducted in an oil bath pan, grinding is conducted after drying, and secondary annealing treatment is conducted: heat preservation is conducted at the temperature of 200-300 DEG C for pre-alloying to form Ir-Co-M alloy nano-particles, carrying out heat preservation at 200-400 DEG C, and carrying out oxidizing annealing to form an oxide layer; and putting into an acid solution, and stirring to obtain the IrCo-based nano-particle catalyst. According to the preparation method, an Ir-Co-M ternary synergistic system is constructed, controllable solvothermal synthesis is adopted, air annealing is performed after pre-alloying, a stable metal oxide surface is formed, meanwhile, an alloy core is reserved, and therefore the optimal balance between activity and stability is achieved; the process is simple, the repeatability is good, and the prepared catalyst has high catalytic activity and excellent stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water electrolysis catalyst technology, specifically to an IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis technology is considered a promising green hydrogen production technology due to its high efficiency, fast response speed, and high hydrogen purity. In PEM water electrolysis, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anolyte is a four-electron transfer process with slow kinetics, requiring a highly efficient electrocatalyst to reduce the reaction overpotential and improve energy conversion efficiency. Currently, commercially available IrO2 is widely used due to its good catalytic activity and stability in strongly acidic environments. However, IrO2 catalysts still face the following challenges: firstly, the scarcity and high cost of iridium resources restrict the large-scale application of PEM water electrolysis technology; secondly, there is still room for improvement in its catalytic activity and stability.

[0003] In recent years, to reduce iridium usage and improve catalytic performance, researchers have focused on developing iridium-based multi-element alloy catalysts. These catalysts introduce other transition metals (such as Ru, Co, Ni, and Fe) to form alloy structures, utilizing electronic and geometric effects to adjust the electronic structure of Ir, thereby improving intrinsic activity and stability. For example, ruthenium-doped iridium-based catalysts exhibit high initial activity, but Ru readily dissolves under strong acids and high potentials, resulting in poor stability. Patent CN119406404A discloses an iridium-based nanoparticle catalyst that reduces iridium loading through physical dilution using mechanical grinding. While the preparation method is simple, it may be difficult to achieve atomic-level uniform mixing, limiting the full realization of intermetallic synergistic effects and potentially affecting product purity. Patent CN115465904A discloses a process for preparing nano-iridium dioxide with strong dispersion, employing a magnesium salt dispersion method to improve dispersion. This introduces an additional metal salt (magnesium salt) as a dispersant. Although it does not participate in the reaction, it introduces impurities that require subsequent acid washing for removal, making the process cumbersome. Patent CN120119279A discloses a potassium iridium ruthenate catalyst and its preparation method, which uses a solution method but employs specific chelating agents and oxidizing agents, making the process relatively complex.

[0004] Therefore, developing an iridium-based multi-element OER catalyst that is simple to prepare, low in cost, and has superior performance is of great significance for promoting the development of PEM water electrolysis technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing an IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst, its preparation method, and its application. It constructs an "Ir-Co-M" ternary synergistic system and employs "controllable solvothermal synthesis." Liquid-phase precursors undergo high-level molecular / ionic mixing, and a solvothermal reaction generates a precursor with uniform size and controllable crystallinity. Pre-alloying followed by air annealing forms a stable metal oxide surface while retaining the alloy core, thus achieving an optimal balance between activity and stability. The process is simple, reproducible, and the prepared catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity and excellent stability.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the first aspect of this invention provides a method for preparing IrCo-based nanoparticle catalysts, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Dissolve Ir salt, Co salt, doped metal M salt and surfactant in polyol to form a ternary precursor solution;

[0008] S2. Transfer the precursor solution to a three-necked flask and reflux the reaction in an oil bath under a protective atmosphere. The polyol reduces the metal ions to metal atoms.

[0009] S3. After drying, grind and then perform a two-stage annealing treatment:

[0010] Pre-alloying was carried out under a mixed atmosphere of argon and hydrogen at a temperature of 200-300℃ to form Ir-Co-M alloy nanoparticles.

[0011] Oxidation annealing is carried out at 200-400℃ in air atmosphere to form an oxide layer on the surface of nanoparticles;

[0012] S4. Stirring in an acid solution yields IrCo-based nanoparticle catalysts.

[0013] This invention constructs an "Ir-Co-M" ternary synergistic system, with Ir-Co as the core. Through the electronic effect (ligand effect) between Ir and Co, the electronic structure of the Ir active site is directly regulated, reducing the reaction energy barrier and thus simultaneously improving intrinsic activity and stability. A third component, M, is introduced: based on Ir-Co, a trace amount of a third transition metal is introduced to "fine-tune" the catalyst, further optimizing the adsorption energy of the oxygen intermediate and introducing lattice strain to precisely optimize its catalytic performance.

[0014] This invention employs liquid-phase homogeneous mixing to ensure highly uniform mixing of the precursor at the molecular / ionic level, laying the foundation for the formation of uniform nano-alloy particles. The solvothermal reaction under a protective atmosphere, followed by reflux reaction in a relatively mild oil bath, allows the metal salt and surfactant to form a micellar confinement structure, inhibiting particle aggregation and generating a precursor with uniform size and controllable crystallinity. This effectively prevents premature oxidation of the metal and abnormal particle growth.

[0015] This invention first pre-alloys the nanoparticles at low temperature to form Ir-Co-M alloy nanoparticles; then it employs mild air annealing at a lower temperature to form a stable metal oxide surface while retaining the alloy core, thus constructing a core / shell heterostructure. The shell is used to obtain IrO2-like stability, while the electronic effects of the core endow the shell with activity beyond IrO2, thereby achieving an optimal balance between activity and stability.

[0016] Finally, the present invention places the catalyst particles in an acid solution. The acid dissolves the most unstable and less active non-precious metal oxide components in the oxide layer. The main reaction is the oxides of Co and the third metal M, while the iridium oxide is almost unaffected, further improving the stability of the catalyst particles.

[0017] Furthermore, in S1, the total volume ratio of Ir salt, Co salt, and doped metal M salt to polyol is 1:(60-80); the Ir salt, Co salt, doped metal M salt, and surfactant are dissolved in the polyol under ultrasonic and magnetic stirring conditions to ensure high mixing at the molecular / ionic level.

[0018] Furthermore, in S1, the surfactant is selected from one or more of CTAB (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide), OTAC (octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride), PEG (polyethylene glycol), and SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate);

[0019] And / or, the polyol is selected from one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, and butanediol.

[0020] Furthermore, in S2, the reflux reaction temperature is 140-180℃ and the rotation speed is 200-600 rpm.

[0021] Furthermore, in S3, the drying temperature is 180-200℃; after drying, it is washed 3-5 times with ultrapure water, and the centrifugation speed is 6000-10000 rpm. The strict cleaning, using ultrapure water for multiple centrifugation washes, thoroughly removes residual surfactants and by-products, ensuring the high purity of the final catalyst and avoiding the blockage of active sites or negative impact on stability by impurities.

[0022] Furthermore, in S4, the concentration of the acid solution is 0.1-0.5M, and the temperature is 20-40℃.

[0023] Furthermore, in S4, the IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst has an average particle size of 1-10 nm. Its small particle size and high specific surface area are beneficial for mass transport and exchange, thus exhibiting better catalytic activity compared to traditional catalyst materials.

[0024] Furthermore, in S1, the molar ratio of the Ir salt, Co salt, doped metal M salt and surfactant is 1:(1-5):(0.5-1):(2-5).

[0025] Furthermore, in S1, M is selected from Mo, Mn, Sn, Fe, Ni, or Cu.

[0026] Furthermore, in S1, the Ir salt is one or more of iridium chloride, iridium acetate, chloroiridic acid, and potassium hexachloroiridate;

[0027] And / or, the Co salt is one or more of cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, and cobalt acetylacetonate;

[0028] And / or, the M salt is one or more of the chloride, nitrate, sulfate, and acetylacetonate salts of metal M.

[0029] The second aspect of the present invention provides an IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst prepared by the preparation method described in the first aspect.

[0030] The third aspect of this invention provides the application of the IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst described in the second aspect as an anode catalyst in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis and fuel cells.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0032] This invention constructs an "Ir-Co-M" ternary synergistic system, which regulates the electronic structure of Ir active sites through the electronic effects of Ir and Co, thereby simultaneously improving intrinsic activity and stability. At the same time, a third component M is introduced to "fine-tune" the catalyst, further optimizing the adsorption energy of oxygen intermediates and introducing lattice strain to finely optimize its catalytic performance.

[0033] This invention employs liquid-phase homogeneous mixing to ensure highly uniform mixing of precursors at the molecular / ionic level. Through a one-step solvothermal reaction combined with subsequent controllable annealing, the process is simple, mild, and reproducible, making it easy to scale up. It effectively overcomes the problems of complex steps and non-uniform particle size commonly found in the preparation of traditional multi-element catalysts, achieving the best balance between activity and stability.

[0034] The IrCo-based nanoparticles obtained by this invention exhibit uniform structure and good dispersion, with an average particle size controlled between 1 and 10 nm, significantly increasing the active specific surface area. Simultaneously, the electronic synergistic effect between Ir, Co, and other doped metal elements optimizes the electronic structure of the catalytic active center, enabling it to exhibit higher catalytic activity and superior stability than commercially available IrO2 in the acidic oxygen evolution reaction, while significantly reducing the amount of noble metal Ir required, thus demonstrating good economic efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 Here is a SEM image of the nanoparticle catalyst obtained in Example 1 of this invention;

[0037] Figure 2 Here is a SEM image of the nanoparticle catalyst obtained in Example 2 of this invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a SEM image of the nanoparticle catalyst obtained in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 4 These are characterization diagrams of the catalytic activity of nanoparticle catalysts in the embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] This embodiment relates to a method for preparing an IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst, comprising the following steps:

[0042] S1. Dissolve Ir salt, Co salt, doped metal M salt and surfactant in polyol to form a ternary precursor solution;

[0043] S2. Transfer the precursor solution to a three-necked flask and reflux the reaction in an oil bath under a protective atmosphere. The polyol reduces the metal ions to metal atoms.

[0044] S3. After drying, grind and then perform a two-stage annealing treatment:

[0045] Pre-alloying was carried out under a mixed atmosphere of argon and hydrogen at a temperature of 200-300℃ to form Ir-Co-M alloy nanoparticles.

[0046] Oxidation annealing is carried out at 200-400℃ in air atmosphere to form an oxide layer on the surface of nanoparticles;

[0047] S4. Stirring in an acid solution yields IrCo-based nanoparticle catalysts.

[0048] This embodiment constructs an "Ir-Co-M" ternary synergistic system, with Ir-Co as the core. Through the electronic effect (ligand effect) between Ir and Co, the electronic structure of the Ir active site is directly regulated, reducing the reaction energy barrier and thus simultaneously improving intrinsic activity and stability. A third component, M, is introduced: based on Ir-Co, a trace amount of a third transition metal is introduced to "fine-tune" the catalyst, further optimizing the adsorption energy of the oxygen intermediate. Lattice strain is introduced to precisely optimize its catalytic performance. Uniform liquid-phase mixing ensures highly uniform mixing of the precursor at the molecular / ionic level, laying the foundation for the formation of uniform nanoalloy particles. The solvothermal reaction under a protective atmosphere, followed by reflux reaction in a relatively mild oil bath, allows the metal salt and surfactant to form a micellar confinement structure, inhibiting particle aggregation and generating a precursor with uniform size and controllable crystallinity. This effectively prevents premature metal oxidation and abnormal particle growth. First, pre-alloying at low temperature forms Ir-Co-M alloy nanoparticles. Then, mild air annealing at a lower temperature aims to form a stable metal oxide surface while retaining the alloy core, constructing a core / shell heterostructure. The shell achieves IrO2-like stability, while the electronic effects of the core endow the shell with activity exceeding that of IrO2, thus achieving an optimal balance between activity and stability. Finally, the catalyst particles are placed in an acid solution. The acid dissolves the most unstable and less active non-noble metal oxide components in the oxide layer, with the main reactions being the oxides of Co and the third metal M. Iridium oxide is almost unaffected, further improving the stability of the catalyst particles.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, in S1, the total volume ratio of Ir salt, Co salt, and doped metal M salt to the volume ratio of polyol is 1:(60-80). The Ir salt, Co salt, doped metal M salt, and surfactant are dissolved in the polyol under ultrasonic and magnetic stirring conditions to ensure high mixing at the molecular / ionic level. The surfactant is selected from one or more of CTAB, OTAC, PEG, and SDS; the polyol is selected from one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, and butanediol. M is selected from Mo, Mn, Sn, Fe, Ni, or Cu. The Ir salt is one or more of iridium chloride, iridium acetate, chloroiridic acid, and potassium hexachloroiridate; the Co salt is one or more of cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, and cobalt acetylacetonate; the M salt is one or more of the chloride, nitrate, sulfate, and acetylacetonate of metal M. The molar ratio of Ir salt, Co salt, doped metal M salt, and surfactant is 1:(1-5):(0.5-1):(2-5).

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, in S2, the temperature of the reflux reaction is 140-180°C and the rotation speed is 200-600 rpm.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the drying temperature is 180-200℃; after drying, the catalyst is washed 3-5 times with ultrapure water at a centrifugal speed of 6000-10000 rpm. This rigorous cleaning process, involving multiple centrifugal washes with ultrapure water, thoroughly removes residual surfactants and byproducts, ensuring the high purity of the final catalyst and preventing impurities from blocking active sites or negatively impacting stability.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, in S4, the concentration of the acid solution is 0.1-0.5M and the temperature is 20-40℃; the average particle size of the IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst is 1-10nm, which has a small particle size and a high specific surface area, which is beneficial for mass transport and exchange, and thus has better catalytic activity compared with traditional catalyst materials.

[0053] Another embodiment provides an IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst prepared by the preparation method described in the above embodiments.

[0054] Another embodiment provides the application of the IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst described in the above embodiments as an anode catalyst in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis and fuel cells.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] This embodiment relates to a method for preparing an IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst, comprising the following steps:

[0057] (1) Select the raw materials, metal Ir salt, metal Co salt, metal Mn salt and surfactant, potassium hexachloroiridate, cobalt acetylacetonate, manganese acetylacetonate and CTAB respectively, and weigh the powders at 0.5, 1.5, 0.5 and 1.5 mmol, and dissolve them in 120 mL of organic solvent polyethylene glycol, so that the solvent and precursor powder are fully mixed and ultrasonically and magnetically stirred overnight (12 hours) until the precursor powder is completely dissolved.

[0058] (2) Transfer the solution prepared in step (1) to a three-necked flask with a stir bar. Install a condenser at the mouth of the three-necked flask and introduce Ar inert protective gas. Place it in an oil bath and react at 180°C and 350 rpm for 180 min. After the reaction is complete, remove it from the oil bath and cool it to room temperature.

[0059] (3) Transfer the solution prepared in step (2) to a beaker and place it in a 180°C constant temperature drying oven to dry until the liquid evaporates completely; disperse the remaining solid after drying with ultrapure water by ultrasonication, and centrifuge and wash several times at 10,000 rpm until the supernatant after centrifugation is clear and transparent; place the washed mixture in a constant temperature drying oven to dry.

[0060] (4) Take the dried mixture from the drying oven in step (3) and transfer it to the agate mortar. Disperse the clumped mixture into powder. Spread it evenly on the bottom of the porcelain boat and place it in the middle of the tube furnace. Keep it at 200°C in an argon / hydrogen atmosphere (volume ratio 98:2) for 2 hours to complete the "pre-alloying" between the metals and form Ir-Co-M alloy nanoparticles.

[0061] (5) The catalyst precursor of IrCo-based nanoparticles with an average particle size of 5-10 nm was obtained by mild oxidation annealing in air at 400℃ for 2 h.

[0062] (6) Dispersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 dilute acid, stirred at 25 °C for 0.5 h; then washed with ultrapure water by centrifugation until neutral, and dried again to obtain IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst.

[0063] The IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst prepared in this example was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the catalyst has a particulate morphology with an average particle size of about 10 nm and a specific surface area as high as 50 m². 2 g -1 The catalyst prepared in this example was subjected to energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis. The chemical composition of the catalyst was oxygen, cobalt, manganese and iridium, and the three were uniformly distributed in the particulate catalyst. The weight percentage and atomic number percentage of oxygen, iridium, cobalt and manganese in the catalyst are shown in Table 1.

[0064] Table 1

[0065] Element Weight % Atomic % O 15.38 49.82 Ir 40.57 10.94 Co 36.31 31.93 Mn 7.74 7.30

[0066] Example 2

[0067] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the metallic Mn salt replaces nickel acetylacetonate, and potassium hexachloroiridate, cobalt acetylacetonate, nickel acetylacetonate, and CTAB are weighed in 0.5, 1.2, 0.5, and 1.5 millimoles, respectively. Other parameters and steps remain unchanged.

[0068] The IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst prepared in this example was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the catalyst has a particulate morphology with an average particle size of about 10 nm and a specific surface area as high as 45 m². 2 g -1 The catalyst prepared in this example was subjected to energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis. The chemical composition of the catalyst was oxygen, cobalt, nickel, and iridium, and the three were uniformly distributed in the particulate catalyst. The weight percentage and atomic number percentage of oxygen, iridium, cobalt, and nickel in the catalyst are shown in Table 2.

[0069] Table 2

[0070] Element Weight % Atomic % O 17.68 56.49 Ir 46.40 12.34 Co 30.93 26.83 Ni 4.99 4.35

[0071] Comparative Example 1

[0072] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that step (2) is omitted; the mixed solution is directly dried before proceeding to subsequent steps, while other steps remain unchanged. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the catalyst prepared in this comparative example revealed an average particle size of over 100 nm. (Refer to...) Figure 3 Larger particle size will seriously affect its catalytic activity.

[0073] Comparative Example 2

[0074] The comparative example uses an IrO2 catalyst as a reference.

[0075] Test case

[0076] The oxygen evolution performance of the nanoparticle catalysts in the examples and comparative examples was tested at room temperature. The test system was a standard three-electrode system, with a carbon rod as the counter electrode, a saturated calomel electrode as the reference electrode, and a nitrogen-saturated 0.5 M H2SO4 aqueous solution as the electrolyte. Figure 4As shown, the catalysts obtained in Examples 1 and 2 require only overpotentials of 237 mV and 254 mV, respectively, to provide a reference current density of 10 mA cm⁻², exhibiting excellent electrocatalytic activity. However, the catalyst obtained in Comparative Example 1 requires an overpotential of 328 mV to provide the same reference current density. The main reason for this difference is that the nanoparticle catalysts prepared in the examples of this invention have a smaller average particle size, resulting in a higher specific surface area and superior catalytic activity. In contrast, Comparative Example 1 did not undergo a solvothermal reaction step; the mixed solution was directly dried and subsequently processed, lacking control over the nucleation and growth of nanoparticles, resulting in larger catalyst particle sizes and smaller specific surface areas. Furthermore, the metal salts cannot be uniformly mixed at the molecular level, making it difficult to form an effective "core-shell structure" in subsequent pre-alloying and oxidation steps. This weakens the internal electronic synergistic effect (Ir-Co synergy), leading to relatively poor catalytic activity. Additionally, the overpotential of IrO₂ catalysis in Comparative Example 2 is 365 mV, significantly higher than the overpotential of the catalysts obtained in the examples of this invention. Therefore, the catalysts prepared in the examples of this invention exhibit excellent catalytic activity.

[0077] The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to specific embodiments and exemplary examples; however, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that various equivalent substitutions, modifications, or improvements can be made to the technical solutions and embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve Ir salt, Co salt, doped metal M salt and surfactant in polyol to form a ternary precursor solution; S2. Transfer the precursor solution to a three-necked flask and reflux the reaction in an oil bath under a protective atmosphere. The polyol reduces the metal ions to metal atoms. S3. After drying, grind and then perform a two-stage annealing treatment: Pre-alloying was carried out under a mixed atmosphere of argon and hydrogen at a temperature of 200-300℃ to form Ir-Co-M alloy nanoparticles. Oxidation annealing is carried out at 200-400℃ in air atmosphere to form an oxide layer on the surface of nanoparticles; S4. Stirring in an acid solution yields IrCo-based nanoparticle catalysts.

2. The method for preparing the IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the surfactant is selected from one or more of CTAB, OTAC, PEG, and SDS; And / or, the polyol is selected from one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, and butanediol.

3. The method for preparing the IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the reflux reaction temperature is 140-180℃ and the rotation speed is 200-600rpm.

4. The method for preparing the IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, the concentration of the acid solution is 0.1-0.5M, and the temperature is 20-40℃.

5. The method for preparing the IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, the average particle size of the IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst is 1-10 nm.

6. The method for preparing the IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the molar ratio of the Ir salt, Co salt, doped metal M salt and surfactant is 1:(1-5):(0.5-1):(2-5).

7. The method for preparing the IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, M is selected from Mo, Mn, Sn, Fe, Ni or Cu.

8. The method for preparing the IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the Ir salt is one or more of iridium chloride, iridium acetate, chloroiridic acid, and potassium hexachloroiridate; And / or, the Co salt is one or more of cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, and cobalt acetylacetonate; And / or, the M salt is one or more of the chloride, nitrate, sulfate, and acetylacetonate salts of metal M.

9. An IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. The application of the IrCo-based nanoparticle catalyst of claim 9 as an anode catalyst in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis and fuel cells.

Images