Cloth inspecting machine based on machine vision and cloth defect detecting method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a cloth inspecting machine based on machine vision. The cloth inspecting machine comprises an unwinding unit, a visual cloth inspecting unit and a winding unit. The invention further discloses a cloth defect detection method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of visual inspection technology, and relates to a fabric inspection machine based on machine vision and a method for detecting fabric defects. Background Technology

[0002] Fabric inspection machines are specialized testing equipment in the textile industry. Existing fabric inspection methods typically rely on manual visual inspection, which suffers from low efficiency and susceptibility to subjective factors. To effectively address these limitations and improve the automation and accuracy of fabric quality inspection, a machine vision-based fabric inspection machine and its fabric defect detection method were designed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a machine vision-based fabric inspection machine and a method for detecting fabric defects.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is: a fabric inspection machine based on machine vision, comprising an unwinding unit, a visual fabric inspection unit, and a winding unit; the unwinding unit includes an unwinding table, on which an unwinding roller is mounted in a horizontally rotating manner; the visual fabric inspection unit includes a main frame, an auxiliary support, and an inspection platform, the inspection platform being installed at an angle on the main frame, an upper guide roller and a lower guide roller being mounted in a horizontally rotating manner on the main frame, the auxiliary support being fixed to the main frame, and having two crossbeams arranged at different heights on it, with several... An industrial camera is included, capable of capturing images of fabric entering the inspection platform. Several lights are mounted on the main frame. An adjustment arm is rotatably mounted on the main frame, hinged to a cylinder that causes it to swing. An adjustment roller is horizontally rotatably mounted on the adjustment arm. An output roller is also horizontally rotatably mounted on the main frame. The winding unit includes a winding table, two winding rollers, and a guide roller. The two winding rollers are horizontally rotatably mounted on the winding table, and they cooperate to rotate the material cylinder. The guide roller is horizontally rotatably mounted on the winding table.

[0005] Furthermore, the visual inspection unit also includes a computer, and the industrial camera is connected to the computer.

[0006] Furthermore, the unwinding table is also equipped with a linkage pressing structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the fabric inspection machine also includes a dust extraction unit and a standing unit.

[0008] Furthermore, the vacuuming unit includes two vacuum hoods with opposite openings fixed on a mounting frame, and a gap between the vacuum hoods for a cloth to pass through. Inside each vacuum hood, a forward brush and a reverse brush are mounted in a horizontally rotatable manner. The forward brush is fixedly connected to a forward gear via a connecting shaft one, and the reverse brush is fixedly connected to a reverse gear via a connecting shaft two, with the reverse gear meshing with the forward gear. A power motor is mounted at the end of each vacuum hood via a fixed base, and the output shaft of the power motor is fixedly connected to a power gear. An arc-shaped guide groove is also fixed at the end of each vacuum hood, and a switching block is slidably connected within the arc-shaped guide groove. An intermediate gear is rotatably mounted on the switching block via a connecting shaft three, meshing with the power gear and also meshing with the forward and reverse gears. A transverse rod is fixed between the switching blocks, and several cleaning blades are fixed on the transverse rod.

[0009] Furthermore, the standing unit includes a standing platform on which a feed roller and a discharge roller are mounted in a horizontally rotatable manner.

[0010] Furthermore, the dust collection unit also includes a main pipe, the end of which is connected to the suction pipe via a connecting pipe, and the main pipe is connected to the dust collection hood via several branch pipes, with valves installed on the branch pipes.

[0011] Furthermore, the industrial camera is connected to an angle adjustment seat, and a quick-switching cylinder is movably connected to the angle adjustment seat. The switching cylinder has an L-shaped limiting groove, and a limiting pin that matches the L-shaped limiting groove is fixed on the angle adjustment seat. One end of the switching cylinder is fixedly connected to the operating handle, and the other end is rotatably connected to a U-shaped limiting slide fork. The U-shaped limiting slide fork is also vertically slidably connected to the angle adjustment seat and can be horizontally slidably connected to the limiting convex rail of the crossbeam. A hand-tightening component is also threaded inside the switching cylinder, and a locking block for locking is installed on the hand-tightening component.

[0012] Furthermore, the linkage pressing structure includes a vertical guide post, a first stop component, and a second stop component. The vertical guide post is vertically fixed to the winding table by means of a mounting plate. The first stop component is slidably connected to the second stop component in the vertical direction, and the second stop component is slidably connected to the vertical guide post in the vertical direction. The first stop component is rotatably connected to the first end of a T-shaped switching rod, the second end of the T-shaped switching rod is rotatably connected to a following wheel, and the third end of the T-shaped switching rod is rotatably connected to an unlocking positioning wheel. A working strip is fixed on the second stop component. The working strip has a horizontal holding part and a retaining groove part, and follows... The wheel can switch positions between the horizontal holding part 1 and the locking groove part 1. A working bar 2 is fixed on the vertical guide post. The working bar 2 has a horizontal holding part 2 and a locking groove part 2. The unlocking positioning wheel can switch positions between the horizontal holding part 2 and the locking groove part 2. A U-shaped frame and a stop block are fixed on the vertical guide seat. A spring 1 is connected between the U-shaped frame and the first stop component. A spring 2 is installed on the second stop component and can contact the stop block. A lifting handle is also fixed on the second stop component. A connecting ear is also fixed on the second stop component. A pressure roller is horizontally rotatable between the connecting ears.

[0013] The machine vision-based fabric defect detection method includes the following specific steps: Step 1, Image Acquisition: Start the fabric inspection machine and let the fabric pass through the unwinding unit, the visual inspection unit and the rewinding unit in sequence at a constant speed. When the fabric enters the inspection platform, the industrial camera continuously acquires images of the fabric surface according to the preset sampling frequency and transmits the acquired raw images to the computer in real time. Step 2, Image preprocessing: The computer performs noise reduction, grayscale conversion, contrast enhancement and geometric correction on the received raw image to eliminate interference caused by uneven lighting and camera distortion, and obtain a standardized image to be detected. Step 3, Defect Feature Extraction: A multi-scale convolutional neural network is used to perform deep feature extraction on the image to be detected, to obtain the texture features, edge features and color features of the fabric surface, and to construct a feature map containing candidate boxes of defect regions. Step 4, Defect Identification and Classification: Input the extracted feature map into the pre-trained defect detection model, generate candidate defect regions through the region proposal network, and then use the classification network to determine the defect type of the candidate regions. Defect types include broken warp, broken weft, thick knots, impurities, holes and oil stains. Step 5, Defect Location and Marking: Based on the identification results, the computer calculates the precise location coordinates of the defect on the fabric and marks it visually on the corresponding image frame, while generating an inspection record containing the defect type, location, size, and confidence level. Step 6, Data Storage and Output: All image data, defect records, and statistical reports generated during the inspection process are stored in a local database, and can be retrieved and queried by batch, time period, or defect type. A quality inspection report is automatically generated after the inspection is completed.

[0014] Furthermore, the fabric defect detection method also includes the following steps: vacuuming and cleaning linkage control: while the image is being acquired, the power motor drives the power gear to rotate, and the position adjustment of the switching block allows the intermediate gear to selectively mesh with the forward gear or the reverse gear, thereby driving the forward brush and the reverse brush to rotate in opposite directions to clean both surfaces of the fabric. The cleaning blade simultaneously scrapes off the adhering fiber impurities, and the negative pressure inside the vacuum hood removes the impurities through the main pipe and branch pipes. The valve adjusts the suction distribution of each branch pipe according to the fabric material and the running speed.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention organically integrates machine vision technology with multiple systems such as mechanical transmission, pneumatic control, and dust extraction, achieving full automation of the fabric defect detection process. The fabric inspection platform adopts an inclined design, using gravity to naturally tension the fabric. Simultaneously, the coordinated operation of the upper inlet roller and the lower outlet roller ensures that the fabric remains flat and wrinkle-free during the inspection process, providing stable imaging conditions for the industrial camera. The industrial camera array arranged with double crossbeams can achieve full-coverage scanning of the fabric, ultimately significantly improving the automation level and detection accuracy of fabric inspection, reducing manual labor intensity, and making it suitable for high-speed online quality inspection of fabrics. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the dust collection unit in this invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the dust collection unit in this invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the dust collection unit in this invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the linkage pressing structure in this invention; Figure 6 This is a magnified view of a portion of point A; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the visual inspection unit in this invention; Figure 8 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the visual inspection unit in this invention; Figure 9 This is a planar schematic diagram of a local location in this invention; In the diagram, 1. Unwinding table; 2. Unwinding roller; 3. Mounting frame; 4. Feed guide roller; 5. Dust collection hood; 6. Discharge guide roller; 7. Auxiliary support; 8. Industrial camera; 9. Protective cover; 10. Main frame; 11. Upper inlet roller; 12. Fabric inspection platform; 13. Lower outlet roller; 14. Control arm; 15. Cylinder; 16. Control roller; 17. Output roller; 18. Computer; 19. Standing platform; 20. Through 21. Feed roller; 22. Feed outlet roller; 23. Rewinding table; 24. Guide roller; 25. Rewinding roller; 26. Vertical guide column; 27. Pressure roller; 28. Spring 1; 29. ​​Spring 2; 30. Lifting handle; 31. Branch pipe; 32. Main pipe; 33. Connecting pipe; 34. Suction pipe; 35. Valve; 36. Forward brush; 37. Fixing base; 38. Power motor; 39. Power gear; 40. Forward gear; 41. Reverse brush; 42. Reverse gear; 43. Intermediate gear; 44. Switching block; 45. Adjusting screw; 46. Horizontal rod; 45a. Cleaning blade rod; 47. Arc-shaped guide groove; 48. First gear position; 49. Working bar two; 40a. Holding groove two; 41b. Horizontal holding part two; 50. T-shaped switching rod; 51. U-shaped frame; 52. Working bar one; 53a. Holding groove one; 54b. Horizontal holding part one; 55. Follower wheel; 56. Unlocking positioning wheel; 57. Connecting ear; 58. Abutment block; 59. Second gear position; 50. U-shaped limit slide fork; 51. Limit pin; 62. Switching cylinder; 53a. L-shaped limit groove; 63. Hand-tightening part; 64. Operating handle; 65. Locking block; 66. Angle adjustment seat; 67. Crossbeam; 68a. Limiting convex rail. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To further explain the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0018] like Figure 1-9As shown, this machine vision-based fabric inspection machine includes an unwinding unit, a vision-based fabric inspection unit, and a rewinding unit. The unwinding unit includes an unwinding table 1, on which an unwinding roller 2 is mounted in a horizontally rotating manner. The unwinding roller 2 is connected to a power structure that drives its rotation. The unwinding unit drives the unwinding roller 2 through the power structure to achieve smooth unwinding of the fabric. The power structure can be a combination of a variable frequency motor and a reducer, which can precisely adjust the unwinding tension according to the fabric material and inspection speed requirements. This is achieved using existing technology. The vision-based fabric inspection unit includes a main frame 10, an auxiliary support 7, and an inspection platform 12. In this embodiment, a protective cover 9 is also fixed on the auxiliary support 7. The inspection platform 12 adopts an existing structure. The inspection platform 12 is installed at an angle. Mounted on the main frame 10, the upper guide roller 11 and the lower guide roller 13 are horizontally rotatable. The upper guide roller 11 is positioned above the fabric inspection platform 12, and the lower guide roller 13 is positioned below the fabric inspection platform 12. This configuration can be used in practice. Both the upper guide roller 11 and the lower guide roller 13 are covered with a rubber layer. The hardness of the rubber layer is selected according to the weight of the fabric to ensure that it does not cause indentations on thin fabrics and provides sufficient traction for thick fabrics. The auxiliary support 7 is fixed to the main frame 10 and has two crossbeams 64 arranged at different heights. Several industrial cameras 8 are detachably mounted on the crossbeams 64, and the industrial cameras 8 can capture images of the fabric entering the fabric inspection platform 12. In this embodiment, four to eight industrial cameras 8 are evenly spaced along the width direction on each crossbeam 64. The spacing between the industrial cameras 8 is calculated and determined based on the field of view of a single camera and the image stitching overlap rate requirements. The industrial cameras 8 are high-resolution area array cameras or line array cameras, coupled with telecentric lenses to eliminate perspective distortion. The frame rate of the industrial cameras 8 is matched with the fabric running speed. Several lighting lamps are mounted on the main frame 10. The lighting lamps use high color rendering index LED light sources and are arranged on both sides of the camera in a low-angle sweeping manner to enhance the contrast between light and dark of the fabric surface defects. An adjustment arm 14 is rotatably mounted on the main frame 10. The adjustment arm 14 is hinged to a cylinder 15 that makes it swing. An adjustment roller 16 is horizontally rotatably mounted on the adjustment arm 14. 4. Driven by cylinder 15, it can swing flexibly. The fabric tension can be adjusted in real time by adjusting roller 16 to ensure that the fabric runs smoothly during the detection process. The real-time monitoring of tension adopts existing technology. Output roller 17 is also horizontally rotatably mounted on the main frame 10. The winding unit includes winding table 22, two winding rollers 24 and guide roller 23. The two winding rollers 24 are mounted on winding table 22 in a horizontal rotatable manner. The winding rollers 24 are connected to the power structure two that drives their rotation. The two winding rollers 24 cooperate with each other to make the material cylinder rotate. The two winding rollers 24 of the winding unit are symmetrically arranged. One is the active roller and the other is the driven roller. The active roller is directly driven by the power structure two. The driven roller rotates synchronously with the active roller through gear linkage.Guide roller 23 is mounted horizontally on take-up table 22 and is positioned below one of the take-up rollers 24. Guide roller 23 guides the fabric from the inspection area to the appropriate take-up angle.

[0019] The visual inspection unit also includes a computer 18, and an industrial camera 8 is connected to the computer 18, which is an existing technology. The computer 18 is also connected to an audible and visual alarm and a touch screen human-machine interface. When a serious defect is detected, the alarm is automatically triggered and the equipment operation is paused. The operator can view the magnified image of the defect through the interface and make a decision to release or reject the product.

[0020] The fabric inspection machine also includes a dust collection unit and a standing unit. The standing unit includes a standing platform 19, on which a feed roller 20 and a discharge roller 21 are mounted in a horizontally rotating manner. The standing platform 19 is used by operators to closely observe the fabric's running status or handle abnormal situations. The platform surface of the standing platform 19 is covered with a non-slip patterned steel plate. The dust collection unit includes two dust collection hoods 5 with opposite openings fixed on a mounting frame 3. In this embodiment, a feed guide roller 4 and a discharge guide roller 6 are also horizontally rotating on the mounting frame 3. There is a gap between the dust collection hoods 5 for the fabric to pass through, and the dust collection hoods 5 rotate horizontally. The system is equipped with a forward brush 35 and a reverse brush 40, which are mounted in a dynamic manner. In this embodiment, the bristles of the forward brush 35 and the reverse brush 40 are made of antistatic nylon filaments. The bristle density and hardness are selected according to the surface characteristics of the fabric. The two dust collection hoods 5 can perform dust removal operations on the fabric passing through them. The forward brush 35 is fixedly connected to the forward gear 39 via a connecting shaft one, and the reverse brush 40 is fixedly connected to the reverse gear 41 via a connecting shaft two. The reverse gear 41 and the forward gear 39 mesh with each other. The bidirectional brush cleaning mechanism of the dust collection unit is synchronized with the image acquisition process, effectively solving the problem of dust floating on the fabric surface. The problem of dust and fiber impurities interfering with visual inspection; a power motor 37 is mounted on the end of the dust collection hood 5 via a fixing base 36, and the output shaft end of the power motor 37 is fixedly connected to the power gear 38. An arc-shaped guide groove 46 is also fixed on the end of the dust collection hood 5. In this embodiment, adjusting screws 44 are threaded to both ends of the arc-shaped guide groove 46; a switching block 43 is slidably connected inside the arc-shaped guide groove 46, and an intermediate gear 42 is rotatably mounted on the switching block 43 via a connecting shaft. The intermediate gear 42 meshes with the power gear 38, and at the same time, the intermediate gear 42 can also mesh with the forward gear 39 and the reverse gear 41. A transverse rod 45 is fixed between the meshing and switching blocks 43, and several cleaning blades 45a are fixed on the transverse rod 45. With this structure, the power gear 38 is driven by the power motor 37 to rotate forward or reverse, causing the intermediate gear 42 to mesh with the forward gear 39 or the reverse gear 41. During the switching process, the forward brush 35 and the reverse brush 40 can always maintain their original rotation direction, while the position of the transverse rod 45 can be switched back and forth, so that the cleaning guide rod on the single transverse rod 45 can clean the forward brush 35 or the reverse brush 40 respectively, resulting in good performance.

[0021] The dust collection unit also includes a main pipe 31, the end of which is connected to the suction pipe 33 via a connecting pipe 32. The main pipe 31 is connected to the dust collection hood 5 via several branch pipes 30, and valves 34 are installed on the branch pipes 30. In this embodiment, the main pipe 31 is connected to the existing centralized dust collection system through the suction pipe 33.

[0022] The industrial camera 8 is connected to the angle adjustment seat 63. A quick-change cylinder 59 is movably connected to the angle adjustment seat 63. The quick-change cylinder 59 has an L-shaped limiting groove 59a. A limiting pin 58 that matches the L-shaped limiting groove 59a is fixed on the angle adjustment seat 63. One end of the quick-change cylinder 59 is fixedly connected to the operating handle 61, and the other end is rotatably connected to the U-shaped limiting slide fork 57. The U-shaped limiting slide fork 57 is also vertically slidably connected to the angle adjustment seat 63 and can be connected to the limiting convex rail 6 of the crossbeam 64. The 4a horizontal sliding connection has a hand-tightening component 60 threaded inside the switching cylinder 59, and a locking block 62 for locking is installed on the hand-tightening component 60. With this structure, the U-shaped limiting slide fork 57 can be disengaged or engaged with the limiting cam rail 64a by rotating and pulling the quick switching cylinder 59, which facilitates the quick disassembly and assembly of the industrial camera 8 and the crossbeam 64. At the same time, after installation, the position of the industrial camera 8 can be fixed by slightly turning the hand-tightening component 60.

[0023] The unwinding table 1 is also equipped with a linkage pressing structure; the linkage pressing structure includes a vertical guide column 25, a first stop component 47, and a second stop component 56. The vertical guide column 25 is vertically fixed to the winding table 22 by means of a mounting plate. The first stop component 47 is slidably connected to the second stop component 56 in the vertical direction, and the second stop component 56 is slidably connected to the vertical guide column 25 in the vertical direction. The first stop component 47 and the first end of the T-shaped switching rod 49 are rotatably connected. In this embodiment, an automatic reset torsion spring is also installed between the first stop component 47 and the first end of the T-shaped switching rod 49; the T-shaped switching rod 49 The second end of the T-shaped switching lever 49 is rotatably connected to the following wheel 52, and the third end of the T-shaped switching lever 49 is rotatably connected to the unlocking positioning wheel 53. A working bar 51 is fixed on the second gear member 56. The working bar 51 has a horizontal holding part 51b and a retaining groove part 51a, and the following wheel 52 can switch positions between the horizontal holding part 51b and the retaining groove part 51a. A working bar 48 is fixed on the vertical guide post 25. The working bar 48 has a horizontal holding part 48b and a retaining groove part 48a, and the unlocking positioning wheel 53 can switch positions between the horizontal holding part 48b and the retaining groove part 48a. Switching between positions 48a and 48a, a U-shaped frame 50 and abutment block 55 are fixed on the vertical guide seat. A spring 27 connects the U-shaped frame 50 to the first stop component 47. A spring 28 is mounted on the second stop component 56, and the spring 28 can contact the abutment block 55. A lifting handle 29 is also fixed on the second stop component 56. A connecting ear 54 is also fixed on the second stop component 56, and a pressure roller 26 is horizontally rotatably mounted between the connecting ears 54. With this structure, the material cylinder is placed between the take-up rollers 24, and the end of the fabric is wound and fixed on the material cylinder. The pressure roller 26 abuts against the upper part of the material cylinder. In the initial state, the follower wheel 52 is located in the holding groove 51a, while the unlocking positioning wheel 53 is in contact with the horizontal holding part 48b. At this time, the first stop member 47 and the second stop member 56 move together. As the diameter of the material cylinder increases, the first stop stage is provided with restoring force by the spring 27. This stage covers the winding process of the material cylinder from empty roll to medium diameter. The stiffness coefficient of the spring 27 is precisely calculated to ensure that the pressure roller 26 applies sufficient initial pressure to the surface of the material cylinder to prevent the fabric from becoming loose or wrinkled at the beginning of the winding stage, and to avoid excessive pressure. When the first gear component 47 moves to its limit position, the cooperation structure between the follower wheel 52 and the working bar 51 undergoes a critical switch—the follower wheel 52 slides out of the recessed constraint of the retaining groove 51a and enters the planar guide section of the horizontal holding part 51b. This transition is accompanied by a slight rotation of the T-shaped switching rod 49, which synchronously drives the unlocking positioning wheel 53 to move from the horizontal holding part 48b to the retaining groove 48a, thus achieving complete decoupling of the mechanical transmission relationship between the two gear components; after entering the second gear stage, the mechanical characteristics of the clamping change significantly.At this time, spring 28 replaces spring 27 as the elastic element, and its free length and pre-compression amount are specifically designed. In summary, the displacement stroke of the pressure roller 26 is reasonably distributed to two independent elastic buffer stages, so that by using the two-level automatic switching pressure mode, the pressure roller 26 can perform a better pressure on the barrel.

[0024] In practice, the overall operation process of the fabric inspection machine is as follows: After the fabric to be inspected is installed, the equipment is started, and the various power structures operate in coordination to make the fabric run at a set speed. The industrial camera 8 starts image acquisition simultaneously, and the dust collection unit cleans the fabric in both the forward and reverse directions. The computer 18 processes the image data in real time. The inspected fabric is rolled into a new roll in the winding unit, and an inspection report containing a defect distribution map is automatically generated and associated with the information of the roll.

[0025] The machine vision-based fabric defect detection method includes the following specific steps: Step 1, Image Acquisition: Start the fabric inspection machine and make the fabric pass through the unwinding unit, the visual inspection unit and the rewinding unit in sequence at a constant speed. When the fabric enters the inspection platform 12, the industrial camera 8 continuously acquires images of the fabric surface according to the preset sampling frequency and transmits the acquired raw images to the computer 18 in real time. Step 2, Image preprocessing: The computer 18 performs denoising, grayscale conversion, contrast enhancement and geometric correction on the received raw image to eliminate interference caused by uneven lighting and camera distortion, and obtain a standardized image to be detected. Step 3, Defect Feature Extraction: A multi-scale convolutional neural network is used to perform deep feature extraction on the image to be detected, to obtain the texture features, edge features and color features of the fabric surface, and to construct a feature map containing candidate boxes of defect regions. Step 4, Defect Identification and Classification: Input the extracted feature map into the pre-trained defect detection model, generate candidate defect regions through the region proposal network, and then use the classification network to determine the defect type of the candidate regions. Defect types include broken warp, broken weft, thick knots, impurities, holes and oil stains. Step 5, Defect Location and Marking: Based on the identification results, the computer 18 calculates the precise location coordinates of the defect on the fabric and marks it visually on the corresponding image frame, while generating an inspection record containing the defect type, location, size and confidence level. Step 6, Data Storage and Output: All image data, defect records, and statistical reports generated during the inspection process are stored in a local database, and can be retrieved and queried by batch, time period, or defect type. A quality inspection report is automatically generated after the inspection is completed.

[0026] Furthermore, the fabric defect detection method also includes the following steps: vacuuming and cleaning linkage control: while the image is being acquired, the power motor 37 drives the power gear 38 to rotate, and the position adjustment of the switching block 43 causes the intermediate gear 42 to selectively mesh with the forward gear 39 or the reverse gear 41, thereby driving the forward brush 35 and the reverse brush 40 to rotate in opposite directions to clean both surfaces of the fabric. The cleaning blade 45a simultaneously scrapes off the adhering fiber impurities, and the negative pressure inside the vacuum hood 5 removes the impurities through the main pipe 31 and the branch pipes 30. The valve 34 adjusts the suction distribution of each branch pipe 30 according to the fabric material and the running speed.

[0027] All of the above components are general standard parts or components known to those skilled in the art. Their structure and principles can be learned by those skilled in the art through technical manuals or conventional experimental methods.

[0028] The above embodiments and figures are not intended to limit the product form and style of the present invention. Any appropriate changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art should be considered as not departing from the patent scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fabric inspection machine based on machine vision, comprising an unwinding unit, a vision inspection unit, and a rewinding unit; the unwinding unit comprises an unwinding table (1), on which an unwinding roller (2) is mounted in a horizontally rotating manner; the vision inspection unit comprises a main frame (10), an auxiliary support (7), and an inspection platform (12), the inspection platform (12) being mounted at an incline on the main frame (10), an upper guide roller (11) and a lower guide roller (13) being mounted in a horizontally rotating manner on the main frame (10), the auxiliary support (7) being fixed on the main frame (10), and having two crossbeams (64) arranged at different heights on it, and having several industrial cameras (8) detachably mounted on the crossbeams (64), and the industrial cameras (8) being able to... The fabric entering the inspection platform (12) is image acquired. The main frame (10) is equipped with several lights. An adjustment arm (14) is rotatably installed on the main frame (10). The adjustment arm (14) is hinged to the cylinder (15) that makes it swing. An adjustment roller (16) is rotatably installed on the adjustment arm (14). An output roller (17) is also rotatably installed on the main frame (10). The winding unit includes a winding table (22), two winding rollers (24) and a guide roller (23). The two winding rollers (24) are rotatably installed on the winding table (22), and the two winding rollers (24) cooperate with each other to make the material cylinder rotate. The guide roller (23) is rotatably installed on the winding table (22).

2. The fabric inspection machine based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The visual inspection unit also includes a computer (18), and the industrial camera (8) is connected to the computer (18).

3. The fabric inspection machine based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unwinding table (1) is also equipped with a linkage pressing structure.

4. The fabric inspection machine based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fabric inspection machine also includes a dust extraction unit and a standing unit.

5. The fabric inspection machine based on machine vision according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vacuuming unit includes two vacuum hoods (5) with opposite openings fixed on the mounting bracket (3), and there is a gap between the vacuum hoods (5) for the cloth to pass through. Inside the vacuum hoods (5), a forward brush (35) and a reverse brush (40) are installed in a horizontally rotating manner. The forward brush (35) is fixedly connected to a forward gear (39) via a connecting shaft one, and the reverse brush (40) is fixedly connected to a reverse gear (41) via a connecting shaft two. The reverse gear (41) and the forward gear (39) mesh with each other. A power motor (37) is installed at the end of the vacuum hoods (5) via a fixing seat (36). The output shaft end of the power motor (37) is fixedly connected to the power gear (38). The end of the dust collection cover (5) is also fixed with an arc-shaped guide groove (46). A switching block (43) is slidably connected in the arc-shaped guide groove (46). An intermediate gear (42) is mounted on the switching block (43) through a connecting shaft. The intermediate gear (42) meshes with the power gear (38). At the same time, the intermediate gear (42) can also mesh with the forward gear (39) and the reverse gear (41). A transverse rod (45) is fixed between the switching blocks (43). Several cleaning blades (45a) are fixed on the transverse rod (45).

6. The fabric inspection machine based on machine vision according to claim 4, characterized in that, The standing unit includes a standing platform (19), on which a feed roller (20) and a discharge roller (21) are mounted in a horizontally rotating manner.

7. The fabric inspection machine based on machine vision according to claim 5, characterized in that, The dust collection unit also includes a main pipe (31), the end of which is connected to the suction pipe (33) via a connecting pipe (32). The main pipe (31) is connected to the dust collection hood (5) via several branch pipes (30), and valves (34) are installed on the branch pipes (30).

8. The fabric inspection machine based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The industrial camera (8) is connected to the angle adjustment seat (63). A quick switching cylinder (59) is movably connected to the angle adjustment seat (63). An L-shaped limiting groove (59a) is provided on the switching cylinder (59). A limiting pin (58) that matches the L-shaped limiting groove (59a) is fixed on the angle adjustment seat (63). One end of the switching cylinder (59) is fixedly connected to the operating handle (61), and the other end is rotatably connected to the U-shaped limiting slide fork (57). The U-shaped limiting slide fork (57) is also vertically slidably connected to the angle adjustment seat (63) and can be horizontally slidably connected to the limiting convex rail (64a) of the crossbeam (64). A hand-tightening part (60) is also threaded inside the switching cylinder (59). A locking block (62) for locking is also installed on the hand-tightening part (60).

9. A machine vision-based method for detecting fabric defects, characterized in that, The specific steps include the following: Step 1, Image Acquisition: Start the fabric inspection machine and make the fabric pass through the unwinding unit, the visual fabric inspection unit and the rewinding unit in sequence at a constant speed. When the fabric enters the fabric inspection platform (12), the industrial camera (8) continuously acquires images of the fabric surface according to the preset sampling frequency and transmits the acquired original images to the computer (18) in real time. Step 2, Image preprocessing: The computer (18) performs noise reduction, grayscale conversion, contrast enhancement and geometric correction on the received original image to eliminate interference caused by uneven lighting and camera distortion, and obtain a standardized image to be detected. Step 3, Defect Feature Extraction: A multi-scale convolutional neural network is used to perform deep feature extraction on the image to be detected, to obtain the texture features, edge features and color features of the fabric surface, and to construct a feature map containing candidate boxes of defect regions. Step 4, Defect Identification and Classification: Input the extracted feature map into the pre-trained defect detection model, generate candidate defect regions through the region proposal network, and then use the classification network to determine the defect type of the candidate regions. Defect types include broken warp, broken weft, thick knots, impurities, holes and oil stains. Step 5, Defect location and marking: Based on the recognition results, the computer (18) calculates the precise location coordinates of the defect on the fabric and marks it visually on the corresponding image frame, while generating a detection record containing the defect type, location, size and confidence level; Step 6, Data Storage and Output: All image data, defect records, and statistical reports generated during the inspection process are stored in a local database, and can be retrieved and queried by batch, time period, or defect type. A quality inspection report is automatically generated after the inspection is completed.

10. The machine vision-based fabric defect detection method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The following steps are also included: vacuum cleaning linkage control: while the image is being acquired, the power motor (37) drives the power gear (38) to rotate. By adjusting the position of the switching block (43), the intermediate gear (42) selectively meshes with the forward gear (39) or the reverse gear (41), thereby driving the forward brush (35) and the reverse brush (40) to rotate in opposite directions to clean both surfaces of the fabric. The cleaning blade (45a) simultaneously scrapes off the adhering fiber impurities. The negative pressure inside the vacuum hood (5) removes the impurities through the main pipe (31) and the branch pipes (30). The valve (34) adjusts the suction distribution of each branch pipe (30) according to the fabric material and the running speed.

Images