Pressure regulation and control device and system integrated with pneumatic energy storage and energy conversion method of pressure regulation and control device and system

Abstract

The invention relates to a pressure regulation and control device and system integrated with pneumatic energy storage and an energy conversion method of the pressure regulation and control device. The pressure regulation and control device comprises a motor, a mechanical transmission assembly, a hydraulic cylinder and a piston. The motor is used for outputting rotary motion or linear motion; the mechanical transmission assembly is arranged between the motor and the piston and used for converting output motion of the motor into reciprocating linear motion of the piston in the hydraulic cylinder. A compressible air chamber is integrated on the piston body or arranged in an oil cavity of the hydraulic cylinder; the piston divides the hydraulic cylinder into an oil cavity and a rod cavity, the volume of the oil cavity and the internal pressure of the compressible air chamber can be changed at the same time through movement of the piston, and therefore coupling conversion of electric energy, mechanical energy, hydraulic energy and pneumatic potential energy is achieved in a single assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydraulic transmission and energy storage technology, and in particular to an integrated pneumatic energy storage pressure regulation device, system and energy conversion method. Background Technology

[0002] Hydraulic transmission technology, due to its advantages such as high power density, strong load-bearing capacity, and smooth operation, is widely used in engineering machinery, industrial automation, aerospace, and other fields. Traditional hydraulic systems typically rely on external hydraulic pumps for internal pressure regulation and use directional valves for reciprocating control. However, with the increasing demands for energy efficiency, response speed, and intelligence in industrial equipment, traditional hydraulic systems have revealed the following technical bottlenecks:

[0003] 1. Traditional hydraulic systems require a motor-driven hydraulic pump to increase or decrease the internal pressure of the hydraulic oil, followed by complex valve control systems (such as proportional valves and servo valves) to regulate flow and direction. This process involves multiple energy losses. Furthermore, the response delay of the valve control system (approximately 50–100 ms) is insufficient for high-precision position control requirements (such as robot joint fine-tuning and precision stamping equipment). While some improvements utilize motor-pump units (MPUs) integrated into the hydraulic system, MPUs place extremely high demands on manufacturers' design and manufacturing processes, resulting in high operating and maintenance costs.

[0004] 2. In scenarios such as lowering heavy objects from a crane or braking a machine tool spindle, when the piston returns due to load inertia or gravitational potential energy, traditional hydraulic cylinders typically convert this energy into heat dissipation through throttle valves or relief valves. This not only leads to increased oil temperature and accelerated seal aging but also results in considerable energy waste. Existing energy recovery technologies (such as accumulator-pump / motor systems) require additional hydraulic circuits and conversion devices, resulting in complex structures and slow response times, making it difficult to achieve high-frequency, short-stroke energy recycling.

[0005] 3. Some high-end hydraulic systems introduce compressible air chambers as elastic energy storage elements. However, the air chambers are mostly externally designed and need to be connected to the hydraulic chamber through independent pipelines. The dynamic hysteresis caused by the compressibility and viscous resistance of the oil in the pipeline increases the complexity of the system, reduces reliability, and is not conducive to installation, layout and maintenance.

[0006] 4. Existing pressure control devices mostly rely on external sensors (such as linear encoders and pressure transmitters) for status monitoring. The separation of sensors from actuators leads to signal delays and installation space conflicts. Furthermore, the lack of deep integration with the drive unit prevents real-time adjustment of energy conversion strategies (such as drive / slave mode switching thresholds) based on load changes, limiting the system's energy efficiency under varying operating conditions. Therefore, a highly integrated, high-efficiency, bidirectionally convertible, and intelligently controllable new pressure control device is urgently needed.

[0007] CN110030213A discloses an active hydraulic energy storage device. However, this technical solution has obvious limitations. First, the device adopts a discrete series layout of "hydraulic cylinder module - energy conversion module - pneumatic cylinder module". The pneumatic cylinder and hydraulic cylinder are two independent physical entities, connected only by a slender rack and pinion, resulting in an excessively long axial dimension and a loose overall volume, making it difficult to meet the stringent installation requirements of modern high-end equipment for "integration and lightweight". Second, this solution relies on a "gear-rack" mechanism for transmission. Compared with screw drives or linear motor direct drives, gear-rack mechanisms usually have tooth backlash, and the slender connecting rod is prone to deformation when transmitting large thrust, resulting in poor dynamic rigidity of the system and difficulty in achieving micron-level precise position control. Finally, because its pneumatic energy storage unit and hydraulic actuation unit are physically separated, the energy transmission path is long, and it cannot utilize an "internal air chamber" to achieve millisecond-level instantaneous buffering and absorption of hydraulic shocks as in an integrated design.

[0008] Traditional technologies also suffer from unreasonable gas-liquid coupling unit layouts. Most existing solutions still use external accumulators, which need to be connected to the hydraulic chamber via independent pipelines. The dynamic hysteresis caused by the viscous resistance of the oil in the pipelines further limits the system's high-frequency response capability.

[0009] Furthermore, the low level of intelligence limits adaptive control capabilities. Existing devices mostly rely on external independent sensors and lack deep integration with the drive unit, making it impossible to adjust energy strategies in real time according to load conditions, thus limiting the system's energy efficiency under varying operating conditions.

[0010] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of device that can deeply integrate the drive unit, transmission components, execution unit, and energy storage unit. This device should be able to eliminate intermediate redundant links, achieve high-rigidity transmission in an extremely compact space, and utilize the coupling characteristics of gas and liquid in the same cylinder to achieve efficient bidirectional energy conversion and precise pressure control.

[0011] Furthermore, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the applicant studied a large number of documents and patents when making this invention, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents were listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not possess the features of these prior art. On the contrary, the present invention already possesses all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0012] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a novel pressure regulation device and its bidirectional energy conversion method to solve at least some of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0013] This invention relates to an integrated pneumatic energy storage pressure regulation device, comprising a motor, a mechanical transmission assembly, a hydraulic cylinder, and a piston; the motor is used to output rotary or linear motion; the mechanical transmission assembly is disposed between the motor and the piston, used to convert the output motion of the motor into the reciprocating linear motion of the piston within the hydraulic cylinder; a compressible air chamber is integrated on the piston body or disposed within the oil chamber of the hydraulic cylinder; the piston divides the hydraulic cylinder into an oil chamber and a rod chamber, and the movement of the piston can simultaneously change the volume of the oil chamber and the internal pressure of the compressible air chamber, thereby achieving the coupling conversion of electrical energy, mechanical energy, hydraulic energy, and pneumatic potential energy within a single component.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment, the mechanical transmission assembly includes a lead screw, a nut, and a hollow piston rod; the lead screw is fixedly connected to or linked with the output shaft of the motor, the nut is fixedly connected to the hollow piston rod, and the lead screw passes through the hollow piston rod and cooperates with the nut to form a threaded transmission pair; when the motor drives the lead screw to rotate, it drives the nut, the hollow piston rod, and the piston to perform linear motion.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment, the device further includes a guide to prevent relative rotation of the nut or the hollow piston rod; the guide is disposed on the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder or the outer housing and engages with a keyway disposed on the hollow piston rod or the nut to ensure that the nut moves only in a straight line along the axial direction.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment, the motor and the lead screw are arranged in parallel, and the mechanical transmission assembly further includes a power transmission device that connects the motor output shaft and the lead screw. The power transmission device is a synchronous belt or a gearbox.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the motor is a frameless motor and is coaxially integrated with the nut and lead screw. The stator of the motor is fixed, and the rotor is directly fixed to the outer wall of the nut. The motor drives the nut to rotate, thereby driving the lead screw to perform axial reciprocating motion, and the lead screw pushes the piston to move.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment, the mechanical transmission assembly includes a gear and a rack that mesh with each other; the gear is connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the rack is connected to the piston, converting the rotational motion of the motor into the linear motion of the piston.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment, the compressible chamber contains a high-pressure inert gas, and its structure can be any one of airbag type, piston type or bellows type; the compressible chamber is located in the oil chamber on one side of the piston.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment, the rod cavity is filled with a buffer medium, which is hydraulic oil, nitrogen, or an elastic element; the rod cavity is provided with an external oil / gas port for connecting to an external liquid / nitrogen tank to adjust the buffer pressure, or directly connected to the atmosphere.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment, a helical spring A and a helical spring B are coaxially mounted in the rod cavity. The helical spring A and the helical spring B are arranged in series or in parallel to absorb impact loads and attenuate low-frequency vibrations.

[0022] According to a preferred embodiment, a sealing assembly is provided between the piston and the hydraulic cylinder. The sealing assembly includes a main seal and a secondary seal for isolating the oil chamber from the rod chamber.

[0023] This invention replaces the traditional "motor + hydraulic pump" system with an architecture of "motor + mechanical transmission components + hydraulic cylinder". This not only simplifies the structure, improves reliability, and reduces maintenance costs, but also significantly improves the system's pressure control accuracy and transmission efficiency by utilizing the extremely low internal leakage characteristics of the hydraulic cylinder, while simplifying the motor control algorithm. In particular, by integrating a compressible air chamber within the piston body or oil chamber, the piston movement directly changes the gas volume and pressure inside the chamber, eliminating the need for the pipeline connecting the hydraulic pump and the air chamber in traditional solutions. This effectively eliminates the adverse effects of pipeline damping and hydraulic oil viscosity on system response time and control accuracy, while avoiding the minimum starting speed limitation of the hydraulic pump. This allows the device to achieve stable pressure control even at low speeds, covering a wider control frequency band.

[0024] Another aspect of the present invention relates to an electromagnetic direct-drive hydraulic pressure control device, comprising: a hydraulic cylinder, a piston, and a linear motor; the linear motor includes a stator and a mover; the stator is fixedly connected to the hydraulic cylinder, and the mover is drivenly connected to the piston, for directly driving the piston to move linearly along the axial direction; the hydraulic cylinder is filled with hydraulic medium, and a compressible air chamber with volume change as the piston moves is provided on one side; when the linear motor is in drive mode, the mover pushes the piston to compress the hydraulic medium to output hydraulic energy and compress the compressible air chamber to store aerodynamic potential energy; when the linear motor is in power generation mode, the compressible air chamber releases aerodynamic potential energy to push the piston and mover to move in the opposite direction, causing the linear motor to generate an induced current.

[0025] According to a preferred embodiment, the device adopts a mirror-opposed layout, and the mover of the linear motor is connected to a piston in each of the two directions of the axis through a hollow piston rod, so as to realize bidirectional drive and energy recovery.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment, the mover and the piston are fixedly connected by a hollow piston rod that extends along the axis of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0027] According to a preferred embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder is provided with an external oil / air port for connecting to an external liquid or gas storage unit. The rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder is pre-filled with low-pressure nitrogen to form a low-pressure buffer chamber, which forms a high-pressure drive-low-pressure buffer dual-chamber linkage structure with the compressible chamber.

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment, the linear motor is equipped with a position sensor, which is an incremental encoder or an absolute encoder, for detecting the position information of the mover.

[0029] According to a preferred embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the coils of the stator interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet on the mover to generate electromagnetic force; the stator adopts an impregnation sealing process to adapt to the hydraulic oil environment.

[0030] According to a preferred embodiment, the compressible air chamber is located in the oil chamber of the hydraulic cylinder, and the oil chamber is connected to an external load through an oil port, forming a hydraulic energy output and pneumatic energy storage coupling unit.

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment, the device is further configured with a bidirectional converter electrically connected to the linear motor for switching the direction of current flow between drive mode and power generation mode.

[0032] According to a preferred embodiment, a temperature sensor is integrated into the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder for monitoring the device temperature and feeding it back to the control system.

[0033] According to a preferred embodiment, a dynamic sealing assembly is installed on the piston to prevent hydraulic medium in the hydraulic cylinder from leaking into the area where the linear motor is located.

[0034] This invention utilizes a linear motor to directly drive the hydraulic cylinder piston, eliminating intermediate mechanical transmission links such as lead screws and gears. This eliminates mechanical friction losses and transmission backlash, significantly improving the system's dynamic response speed and energy transfer efficiency. Combined with a built-in compressible air chamber, the device can efficiently output hydraulic energy and store pneumatic potential energy in drive mode. In power generation mode, the energy released by the expansion of the air chamber directly drives the linear motor's rotor to cut magnetic lines of force, generating an induced current. This achieves a high-frequency, high-efficiency bidirectional conversion of electrical energy to mechanical energy to pneumatic potential energy to hydraulic energy, making it particularly suitable for applications requiring extremely high position control precision and dynamic performance.

[0035] Another aspect of the present invention relates to an intelligent regenerative hydraulic control system, comprising: a pressure control body, which includes a motor, a mechanical transmission assembly, and a hydraulic cylinder with a built-in pneumatic energy storage unit; a sensor group integrated on the hydraulic cylinder for real-time monitoring of pressure and temperature parameters inside the hydraulic cylinder; an energy storage device electrically connected to the motor; and a controller communicatively connected to the motor, the sensor group, and the energy storage device; the controller is configured to execute the following control logic: receiving pressure data fed back by the sensor group in real time; when it is determined that an external load is pushing the piston in the hydraulic cylinder in the opposite direction, using the expansion work released by the pneumatic energy storage unit to assist the motor in entering the power generation state, and recovering the generated electrical energy to the energy storage device.

[0036] According to a preferred embodiment, the sensor group includes a pressure sensor integrated into the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder, a temperature sensor integrated into the outer wall, and a flow sensor disposed at the oil port.

[0037] According to a preferred embodiment, the controller and the motor communicate via a CAN bus to exchange pressure signals and electrical signals in real time, so as to support the switching of the motor in four-quadrant operation modes.

[0038] According to a preferred embodiment, the controller is configured to: control the motor to switch to power generation mode when the pressure data detected by the sensor group exceeds a set threshold; and trigger emergency pressure relief or shutdown protection when abnormal pressure fluctuations are detected.

[0039] According to a preferred embodiment, the motor is equipped with a bidirectional converter, and the controller adjusts the torque and speed of the motor by controlling the bidirectional converter to maintain stable pressure in the hydraulic cylinder.

[0040] According to a preferred embodiment, the mechanical transmission assembly includes a lead screw and a nut, the nut being equipped with a guide device to prevent relative rotation, ensuring that the rotational motion of the motor is accurately converted into linear motion.

[0041] According to a preferred embodiment, the built-in pneumatic energy storage unit is a bellows-type or airbag-type compressible air chamber disposed in the oil chamber of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0042] According to a preferred embodiment, the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder is filled with a buffer medium, which is a magnetorheological fluid or an electrorheological fluid, and the controller can adjust the characteristics of the buffer medium to change the damping.

[0043] According to a preferred embodiment, the energy storage device includes a battery pack or a supercapacitor for storing electrical energy generated by the motor in a power generation state.

[0044] According to a preferred embodiment, the motor is equipped with an encoder for detecting the position of the motor rotor and feeding it back to the controller, which combines the encoder data and pressure parameters for closed-loop control.

[0045] This invention constructs an intelligent hydraulic control system that deeply integrates "structure-energy-information." By integrating a sensor array to monitor key parameters such as pressure and temperature inside the hydraulic cylinder in real time, and combining this with a controller, it achieves active closed-loop control based on load conditions. This system can dynamically adjust the motor output torque based on real-time feedback data and intelligently switch to power generation mode when external load is detected. It utilizes the expansion work released by the pneumatic energy storage unit to assist in energy recovery. This not only solves the problems of low intelligence and difficulty in adapting to changing operating conditions in traditional hydraulic systems, but also effectively avoids energy waste caused by heat dissipation, significantly improving the overall energy efficiency ratio and operational safety of the system.

[0046] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a bidirectional energy conversion method for a hydraulic cylinder based on gas-liquid coupling. Using the aforementioned device, the method includes the following steps: a power-consuming stage: controlling the motor to run in the forward direction, driving the piston to compress the oil chamber in the hydraulic cylinder through mechanical transmission to output high-pressure fluid, while using the displacement of the piston to compress the compressible air chamber integrated in the cylinder, converting part of the mechanical energy into pneumatic potential energy for storage; a driven power generation stage: when an external load is detected pushing the piston back, the pneumatic potential energy released by the expansion of the gas in the compressible air chamber, together with the external load, pushes the piston and motor rotor in the reverse direction; an energy recovery step: controlling the motor to work in generator mode, converting the reverse-input mechanical energy into electrical energy for storage or grid connection.

[0047] According to a preferred embodiment, the mechanical transmission includes a lead screw and a nut working together; during the power consumption phase, the motor drives the lead screw to rotate, and the lead screw drives the nut and the hollow piston rod to push the piston to move linearly.

[0048] According to a preferred embodiment, the device is directly driven by a linear motor; during the power consumption phase, the mover of the linear motor is controlled to push the piston along a straight line; during the power generation phase, the piston pushes the mover in the opposite direction to generate an induced current by cutting magnetic field lines.

[0049] According to a preferred embodiment, the mechanical transmission adopts a direct drive structure integrating a motor and a nut; during the power consumption stage of the drive, the motor rotor drives the nut to rotate, which is converted into the axial movement of the lead screw to push the piston.

[0050] According to a preferred embodiment, the method further includes a buffering step: when the piston retracts, nitrogen gas or a spring filled in the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder is used for compression buffering, which is linked with the expansion of the compressible gas chamber to suppress pressure changes and vibrations.

[0051] According to a preferred embodiment, the method further includes a mode switching judgment step: the controller collects the pressure data of the oil chamber in real time, and automatically switches the motor from the drive mode to the generator mode when the pressure exceeds a preset threshold or a reverse load is detected.

[0052] According to a preferred embodiment, during the drive power consumption phase, the helical spring in the mechanical transmission component is compressed, converting part of the mechanical energy into elastic potential energy; during the driven power generation phase, the helical spring extends and releases elastic potential energy, assisting in reverse driving the motor.

[0053] According to a preferred embodiment, in the energy recovery step, the electrical energy generated by the motor is rectified by a bidirectional converter and stored in an energy storage device.

[0054] According to a preferred embodiment, the method includes using a sensor to monitor the temperature inside the hydraulic cylinder, and when the temperature is too high, the controller limits the output power of the motor or triggers a shutdown protection.

[0055] According to a preferred embodiment, the gas in the compressible chamber is an inert gas. During the driving power consumption phase, the piston continuously compresses the inert gas to increase its pressure. During the driven power generation phase, the instantaneous expansion characteristics of the high-pressure gas are used to provide reverse thrust assistance, thereby improving the response speed of energy recovery.

[0056] The method provided by this invention innovatively utilizes a gas-liquid coupling mechanism to achieve a highly efficient bidirectional energy transfer process. During the driving power consumption phase, the piston displacement simultaneously compresses the oil chamber and the air chamber, converting a portion of the mechanical energy into pneumatic potential energy for "storage." During the driven power generation phase, the high-pressure gas released from the instantaneous expansion of the built-in air chamber serves as a power booster, working in conjunction with an external reverse load to drive the motor rotor into the power generation state. This method effectively overcomes the response lag problem caused by the reliance on external energy accumulators in traditional hydraulic systems, ensuring the efficient conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy, significantly reducing the overall energy consumption of the system during reciprocating motion cycles, and achieving truly proactive bidirectional energy-saving operation.

[0057] This invention proposes an integrated solution based on direct-drive ball screw technology and innovative air chamber integration: the rotary or linear motion output from the motor is directly converted into linear piston motion through the ball screw-nut transmission pair, eliminating intermediate transmission losses; a compressible air chamber is used to achieve bidirectional energy conversion between electrical energy, mechanical energy, pneumatic potential energy, and hydraulic energy; and by combining embedded sensing and adaptive control algorithms, an intelligent hydraulic system pressure control unit with deep integration of "structure-energy-information" is constructed, fundamentally breaking through the technical limitations of traditional pressure control devices.

[0058] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a novel pressure regulating device, comprising: a motor, a lead screw, a nut, a hollow piston rod, a piston, a sealing assembly, a hydraulic cylinder, and a compressible air chamber. The motor is used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, and to convert its own rotational or linear motion into the rotational or linear motion of other mechanical components. The lead screw is mechanically fixed to the motor output shaft or motor rotor, and is used to transmit the rotational or linear motion output by the motor. The nut can also be mechanically fixed to the motor output shaft or motor rotor, and is used to transmit the rotational or linear motion output by the motor. The lead screw and the nut combine to form a classic threaded transmission pair. When the lead screw rotates, it drives the nut to move linearly, and when the nut rotates, it drives the lead screw to move linearly. The hollow piston rod is penetrated by the lead screw, and is used to connect the piston and the nut, and also serves as the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder. The piston is provided with a compressible air chamber, and a sealing assembly ensures that the hydraulic fluid on both sides of the piston will not leak internally inside the hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder houses the piston, piston rod, sealing assembly, and compressible air chamber, and serves as the pressure control body of the pressure control device. The compressible air chamber contains high-pressure gas, which is used to convert mechanical energy into the aerodynamic potential energy of the internal gas, and also to buffer the rigid impact on the piston.

[0059] Specifically, a novel pressure regulating device outputs rotary motion when the motor is a rotary motor and linear motion when the motor is a linear motor. The piston of the hydraulic cylinder divides the hydraulic cylinder into an oil chamber and a rod chamber, with the oil chamber containing the aforementioned compressible gas chamber. The rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder can be filled with a buffer medium and connected to an external liquid or gas storage chamber or directly to the atmosphere via an external oil / gas port. The forward and reverse rotation of the lead screw drives the hollow piston rod, which is fixed to the nut, to reciprocate linearly, thereby driving the piston to compress or release the high-pressure inert gas in the compressible gas chamber, achieving a bidirectional conversion between electrical energy and mechanical energy. The forward and reverse rotation of the nut drives the piston, which is fixed to the lead screw, to reciprocate linearly, thereby driving the piston to compress or release the high-pressure inert gas in the compressible gas chamber, achieving a bidirectional conversion between electrical energy and mechanical energy.

[0060] Specifically, a novel pressure regulation device has an oil port in the oil chamber connected to an external load, forming a coupling unit for hydraulic energy output and pneumatic energy storage.

[0061] Specifically, in a novel pressure regulating device, the nut is fixedly connected to the hollow piston rod, preventing them from rotating relative to each other, thus ensuring that the nut and piston rod move synchronously in a linear fashion.

[0062] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the novel pressure regulating device may be equipped with a single motor, or may be a combination of dual motors and multiple motors.

[0063] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the motor can be selected according to its working principle, but is not limited to DC motor and AC motor; according to its structure, it can be selected according to its structure, but is not limited to asynchronous motor, synchronous motor and stepper motor; according to its application, it can be selected according to its application, but is not limited to servo motor, single-phase motor and three-phase motor; according to its cooling method, it can be selected according to its cooling method, but is not limited to air-cooled motor, water-cooled motor, oil-cooled motor, etc.

[0064] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the motor is a linear motor, the stator of which is fixedly connected to the hydraulic cylinder body, and the mover is directly or indirectly fixedly connected to the piston. Under control, the mover of the motor can drive the piston to perform linear reciprocating motion.

[0065] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the motor has four-quadrant operation capability, and the motor speed and torque can be freely varied in the positive and negative directions and within the positive and negative operating range.

[0066] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the motor is equipped with a bidirectional converter, which operates as a motor when the piston is propelled and as a generator when the piston is retracted.

[0067] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the motor is equipped with an encoder, which may be, but is not limited to, an incremental encoder and an absolute encoder, to detect the motor's speed, direction of rotation and position information, and convert this information into electronic signals for use by the control system.

[0068] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the motor is equipped with a temperature sensor for real-time monitoring of the motor temperature and transmitting the feedback signal to the controller (ECU).

[0069] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the motor may, but is not limited to, have braking and holding brake functions, which can decelerate and stop the motor, as well as fix the position of the motor.

[0070] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the motor and the lead screw can be manufactured as an integral part of each other. The lead screw can be, but is not limited to, ball screw, roller screw, trapezoidal screw, square screw, triangular screw, self-locking screw, and worm gear screw.

[0071] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the motor can be arranged coaxially, parallelly, or perpendicularly to the hydraulic cylinder. Preferably, when arranged coaxially, a coupling is used to fix the motor output shaft to the lead screw. When arranged parallelly, a synchronous belt or gearbox is used to couple and fix the motor output shaft to the lead screw. When arranged perpendicularly, a worm gear-worm transmission pair is used to couple and fix the motor output shaft to the lead screw.

[0072] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a coupling is used to transmit the rotational motion of the motor output shaft to a lead screw or nut, and its form includes, but is not limited to, shaft type, bellows type, belt type and gear type.

[0073] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ball screw is a reverse-type ball screw. Specifically, the screw nut acts as the driving member, and the screw acts as the driven member. The rotational motion between the nut and the motor can be transmitted, but is not limited to, via a belt or gears.

[0074] Preferably, the frameless motor rotor and nut are designed as a single unit. The rotor and nut rotate together under the action of electromagnetic force, thereby driving the lead screw to reciprocate along the axial direction.

[0075] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ball screw is a reverse planetary ball screw. Specifically, the ball screw nut rotates under the electromagnetic force generated by the frameless motor, and the rotation is converted into axial reciprocating motion of the ball screw through the planetary arrangement of rollers inside the nut.

[0076] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hollow piston rod adopts an anti-rotation design, which can only reciprocate in the axial direction and cannot rotate around the axis.

[0077] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hollow piston rod is filled with oil-lubricating noise-reducing grease, which reduces vibration and noise while reducing frictional loss between the lead screw and nut.

[0078] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the grease channel provided between the lead screw and the hollow piston rod includes an axial oil passage and a radial grease injection hole.

[0079] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the nut and the hollow piston rod are fixedly connected, so that they cannot rotate relative to each other, thereby ensuring that the nut and the piston rod move synchronously in a linear fashion.

[0080] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the nut and the hollow piston rod are connected by a fixed design scheme including but not limited to welding, threaded connection, riveting connection, or the two being manufactured as a single component.

[0081] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the lead screw's stroke (lead) can be, but is not limited to, single-stroke, double-stroke, or multi-stroke combinations.

[0082] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the nuts include, but are not limited to, ball screw nuts, roller screw nuts, trapezoidal screw nuts, square screw nuts, triangular screw nuts, self-locking screw nuts, and worm screw nuts.

[0083] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the nuts include, but are not limited to, one nut, two nuts used together, or multiple nuts used together.

[0084] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hydraulic cylinder may be a single-chamber, a double-chamber, or a multi-chamber design, including but not limited to single-acting and double-acting hydraulic cylinders, and even more limited to single-cylinder and double-cylinder hydraulic cylinders.

[0085] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hydraulic cylinder oil chamber contains a compressible air chamber, which can be a single air chamber working alone or multiple air chambers used in combination.

[0086] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the buffer medium of the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder can be, but is not limited to, liquid, solid, gas, and any combination thereof.

[0087] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the oil / air port of the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder can be connected to other liquid or air storage devices, or it can be directly connected to the outside atmosphere.

[0088] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the buffer medium of the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder is any one of hydraulic oil, magnetorheological fluid, electrorheological fluid, nitrogen, air bag, helical spring, wave spring, disc spring, metal rubber, shape memory alloy, etc., or a combination of two or more of them.

[0089] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder can be connected to other equipment and hydraulic and pneumatic circuits to jointly play a buffering role.

[0090] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the compressible air chamber may be, but is not limited to, a bladder type, a piston type, a bellows type, or any combination thereof.

[0091] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a sensor is integrated on the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder to monitor the state of the oil chamber in real time and feed it back to the controller to dynamically adjust the motor torque output.

[0092] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a temperature sensor is integrated on the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder, a pressure sensor is integrated on the inner wall, and a flow sensor is provided at the oil port.

[0093] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a dynamic sealing assembly is installed between the piston and the hydraulic cylinder to isolate the hydraulic cylinder oil chamber from the rod chamber.

[0094] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic sealing assembly installed between the piston and the hydraulic cylinder may be, but is not limited to, a stepped sealing assembly, including a main seal (such as polyurethane and hydrogenated nitrile rubber) and a secondary seal (such as PTFE combined with bronze filler), to adapt to high pressure fluctuations and high-speed movement.

[0095] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a compressible air chamber is housed in the oil chamber of a hydraulic cylinder, and the oil chamber is connected to an external load through an oil port to form a hydraulic energy output and pneumatic energy storage coupling unit.

[0096] This invention also provides a bidirectional energy conversion method for a hydraulic cylinder, comprising the following steps: Drive mode (power consumption): The motor rotates forward, driving the lead screw to rotate. The lead screw, with the aid of a nut and a hollow piston rod, pushes the piston to compress the oil chamber and output hydraulic energy, while simultaneously compressing the air chamber to store energy. Driven mode (power generation): An external load pushes the piston back, while the air chamber expands to release air pressure energy. The piston pushes the nut and hollow piston rod in the opposite direction, driving the lead screw to rotate in the opposite direction. The lead screw drives the connected motor to rotate in the opposite direction to generate electricity. According to one embodiment of this invention, the controller switches the motor to drive mode or driven mode based on a preset algorithm, according to the oil chamber pressure threshold and data collected by other sensors. Attached Figure Description

[0097] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a preferred pressure regulation device provided by the present invention;

[0098] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a preferred intelligent feedable pressure regulation device provided by the present invention;

[0099] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a preferred parallel pressure regulating device provided by the present invention;

[0100] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a preferred combined pressure regulating device provided by the present invention;

[0101] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a preferred electromagnetic direct-drive pressure control device provided by the present invention;

[0102] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the principle of a preferred mirror-opposed electromagnetic direct-drive pressure regulating device provided by the present invention;

[0103] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the principle of a preferred lead screw direct drive pressure regulating device provided by the present invention;

[0104] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a preferred mirror-opposed lead screw direct-drive pressure control device provided by the present invention;

[0105] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a preferred mirror-opposed motor-screw integrated pressure control device provided by the present invention;

[0106] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the principle of a preferred mirror-opposed gear-rack direct-drive pressure control device provided by the present invention;

[0107] Figure 11A schematic diagram of the principle of a preferred hydraulic cylinder integrated anti-rotation guide rail pressure regulating device provided by the present invention;

[0108] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the principle of a preferred nut-integrated anti-rotation guide rail pressure regulating device provided by the present invention;

[0109] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the principle of a preferred hydraulic cylinder-nut combination anti-rotation pressure regulating device provided by the present invention;

[0110] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a preferred integrated anti-rotation pressure regulating device provided by the present invention;

[0111] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the principle of a preferred rubber airbag combination buffer pressure regulating device provided by the present invention;

[0112] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of a preferred dual-chamber buffer pressure regulating device provided by the present invention;

[0113] Figure 17 A schematic diagram of the principle of a preferred external oil-gas coupling buffer pressure regulation device provided by the present invention;

[0114] Figure 18 A schematic diagram of a preferred built-in spring-buffered pressure regulating device provided by the present invention.

[0115] List of reference numerals

[0116] 1: Hydraulic cylinder; 2: Compressible air chamber; 3: Sealing assembly; 4: Hollow piston rod; 5: Nut; 6: Motor; 7: Coupling; 8: Lead screw; 9: Piston; 101: Oil chamber; 102: Rod chamber; 103: Hydraulic oil; 104: Oil port; 105: Buffer medium; 106: Oil pipe / air pipe; 107: Liquid reservoir / nitrogen tank; 107a: Helical spring B; 108: External oil / air port; 109: Power transmission device; 110: Airtight Seals; 111: Oil seal; 112: Helical spring A; 201: Inert gas; 501: Buffer pad; 502: Helical spring; 503: Guide; 600: Sensor; 601: Controller; 602: Energy storage device; 603: Stator; 604: Mover / rotor; 605: Limit bearing; 606: Bushing; 607: Rotor retaining sleeve; 608: Connecting key; 609: Gear; 610: Output shaft; 801: Rack. Detailed Implementation

[0117] The following is a detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0118] Example 1

[0119] like Figure 1 As shown, the novel pressure regulating device of the present invention comprises a hydraulic cylinder 1, a compressible air chamber 2, a sealing assembly 3, a hollow piston rod 4, a nut 5, a motor 6, a coupling 7, a lead screw 8, and a piston 9. The inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 1 is divided into an oil chamber 101 and a rod chamber 102 by the piston 9. The oil chamber 101 is connected to an external hydraulic system via an oil port 104 and filled with hydraulic oil 103. The rod chamber 102 can be selectively filled with a buffer medium 105 to balance the pressure, and can also be connected to other liquid or gas storage devices via an external oil / gas port 108, or directly connected to the outside atmosphere. Preferably, a compressible air chamber 2 is integrated or installed on the front side of the piston 9, pre-filled with inert gas 201 at a certain pressure. The specific structural form of the compressible air chamber 2 can be, but is not limited to, any one of the following: airbag type, piston type, or bellows type. It is housed within the oil chamber 101 and located on one side of the piston 9, and its volume changes with the movement of the piston 9. Preferably, the motor 6 drives the piston 9 through a mechanical transmission assembly. In this embodiment, the mechanical transmission assembly adopts a screw-nut transmission pair. Specifically, the hollow piston rod 4 extends from the rod chamber 102, with one end fixing the piston 9 and the other end connected to the nut 5. The screw 8 is fixed to the output shaft of the motor 6 through a coupling 7 and passes through the hollow piston rod 4 and engages with the nut 5 to realize the conversion between rotational motion and linear motion. The sealing assembly 3 is disposed between the piston 9 and the hydraulic cylinder 1, effectively isolating the oil chamber 101 and the rod chamber 102. The sealing assembly 3 includes a main seal and a secondary seal.

[0120] Working Principle: The motor 6 and hydraulic cylinder 1 are fixed and cannot move axially. The lead screw 8 rotates under the drive of the motor 6, and this rotation is converted by the nut 5 into linear motion of the hollow piston rod 4 and piston 9. This process is the power-consuming drive stage. The continuous movement of piston 9 compresses the compressible air chamber 2, generating aerodynamic potential energy. The hydraulic oil 103 in the oil chamber 101, being incompressible, can only flow out of the oil port 104 under the combined action of piston 9 and compressible air chamber 2, ultimately flowing into the external hydraulic system circuit to achieve pressure adjustment. When the external hydraulic system load pushes piston 9 in the reverse direction, the driven power generation stage begins. The compressible air chamber 2 expands, releasing energy to provide reverse thrust, driving the lead screw 8 to reverse and causing the motor 6 to generate electricity, achieving a bidirectional and efficient conversion between electrical energy, mechanical energy, hydraulic energy, and aerodynamic potential energy.

[0121] Example 2

[0122] This embodiment is a further improvement on the foregoing embodiment, and repeated content will not be described again.

[0123] like Figure 2As shown, the novel pressure control device of the present invention can be equipped with a sensor 600, a controller 601 (ECU), and an energy storage device 602 to form an intelligent, rechargeable hydraulic control system. Specifically, the compressible air chamber 2 is selected as a bellows-type energy storage device. Preferably, the sensor 600 is integrated inside the oil chamber 101 and the rod chamber 102 and / or on the wall of the hydraulic cylinder 1, specifically including a pressure sensor integrated on the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder 1, a temperature sensor integrated on the outer wall, and a flow sensor set at the oil port 104, for real-time monitoring of hydraulic oil 103 pressure, temperature, flow rate, and other information and transmitting it to the controller 601 (ECU) to ensure real-time data acquisition. In addition, the motor 6 can also be equipped with an encoder for detecting the position of the motor rotor and feeding it back to the controller 601 (ECU). Preferably, the controller 601 (ECU) communicates with the motor 6 through a CAN bus or other communication protocols to realize real-time interaction of pressure and electrical signals, improve system response speed and energy conversion accuracy, and support seamless switching of the motor 6 in four-quadrant operation modes. When sensor 600 detects abnormal pressure fluctuations or excessively high temperatures, controller 601 (ECU) can trigger emergency pressure relief or shutdown protection to limit the output power of motor 6.

[0124] Working principle:

[0125] Drive mode: The controller 601 (ECU) instructs the motor 6 to drive the lead screw 8 to rotate. The nut 5 converts the rotational motion into the linear motion of the hollow piston rod 4 and the piston 9, compressing the hydraulic oil 103 in the oil chamber 101 to output pressure energy. At the same time, it can compress the air chamber 2 to store pneumatic potential energy.

[0126] Intelligent switching: Sensor 600 provides real-time feedback of oil chamber 101 pressure data. When the pressure exceeds a set threshold such as 10MPa or a reverse load is detected, controller 601 (ECU) determines and switches motor 6 to generator mode based on a preset algorithm.

[0127] Power generation mode: When it is determined that the external load pushes the piston 9 in the opposite direction, the expansion work of the compressible air chamber 2 expands and releases energy to assist the drive, and the drive screw 8 reverses to make the motor 6 enter the power generation state. The generated electrical energy is rectified by the controller 601 (ECU) (or bidirectional converter) and stored in the energy storage device 602 (such as a battery pack or supercapacitor).

[0128] Closed-loop control: The controller 601 (ECU) dynamically adjusts the speed and torque of the motor 6 based on the feedback data from the sensor 600 and the encoder, maintains the pressure of the oil chamber 101, and adapts to changes in external load.

[0129] Example 3

[0130] This embodiment is a further improvement on the foregoing embodiment, and repeated content will not be described again.

[0131] According to a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, in the parallel pressure regulating device of the present invention, the motor 6 and the hydraulic cylinder 1 are arranged in parallel. This arrangement is suitable for situations where the axial installation space of the equipment is compact or inconvenient to install. In this case, the rotational torque generated by the motor 6 is transmitted to the lead screw 8 through the coupling 7 and the power transmission device 109. Similarly, the rotational motion of the lead screw 8 is ultimately converted into the reciprocating linear motion of the piston 9. Specifically, the power transmission device 109 can be, but is not limited to, a synchronous belt or a gearbox, and the output shaft of the motor 6 and the lead screw 8 are connected through this mechanical transmission assembly.

[0132] Other working principles are similar to or the same as those in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0133] Example 4

[0134] This embodiment is a further improvement on the foregoing embodiment, and repeated content will not be described again.

[0135] like Figure 4 As shown, the novel pressure regulating device of the present invention can replace the hollow piston rod 4 with a buffer pad 501 and a helical spring 502. Similarly, the lead screw 8 is fixed to the output shaft of the motor 6 through a coupling 7 and forms a transmission pair with the nut 5. Preferably, one or more helical springs 502 are coaxially sleeved on the lead screw 8 and the nut 5, and buffer pads 501 are installed at both ends. Preferably, the buffer pads 501 are then connected to the nut 5 and the piston 9 respectively. The helical springs 502 buffer mechanical impact and compensate for assembly tolerances, reducing system vibration and wear. The compressible air chamber 2 and the helical springs 502 work together to achieve composite energy storage of aerodynamic potential energy and elastic potential energy, thereby increasing energy density. The buffer pads 501 prevent hard collisions between the piston 9, the nut 5 and the helical springs 502, extending the service life of the device.

[0136] Working principle:

[0137] Drive mode: Motor 6 is fixed to hydraulic cylinder 1 and cannot move axially. Motor 6 drives lead screw 8 to rotate, and nut 5 moves axially along lead screw 8. Nut 5 pushes the helical spring 502 to compress, converting some mechanical energy into elastic potential energy. The spring force is transmitted to piston 9 through buffer pads 501 on both sides, driving piston 9 to compress hydraulic oil 103 in oil chamber 101 and output pressure energy. The inert gas 201 in synchronous compressible air chamber 2 stores aerodynamic potential energy, and buffer pad 501 absorbs the impact of piston 9 and nut 5 at the end of their stroke.

[0138] Power generation mode: When the external load pushes the piston 9 in the reverse direction, the compressible air chamber 2 expands and releases energy, and the pressure of the hydraulic oil 103 decreases. The extension of the helical spring 502, releasing elastic potential energy, and the expansion of the compressible air chamber 2 together push the nut 5 to move in the reverse direction, driving the lead screw 8 to reverse, thus switching the motor 6 to power generation mode. The buffer pad 501 itself has both stiffness and damping characteristics, suppressing the oscillation of the piston 9 and ensuring smooth energy recovery.

[0139] Example 5

[0140] This embodiment is a further improvement on the foregoing embodiment, and repeated content will not be described again.

[0141] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the nut 5, motor 6, and lead screw 8 used in the novel pressure regulating device of this invention can be replaced together with a highly integrated linear motor, which includes a motor stator 603 and a motor mover 604, constituting an electromagnetic direct-drive hydraulic pressure regulating device. The stator 603 of the motor 6 is fixedly connected to the hydraulic cylinder 1 and cannot move axially. Preferably, after the motor stator 603 is energized, according to Ampere's law, when current passes through the coil of the motor stator 603, the stator generates a magnetic field. This magnetic field interacts with the magnetic field (e.g., the magnetic field of a permanent magnet) on the motor mover 604, generating an electromagnetic force. Preferably, the stator 603 uses an impregnation sealing process to adapt to the hydraulic oil environment. The motor mover 604 is also fixedly connected to the outer wall of the hollow piston rod 4 (or directly drives the piston 9). When the electromagnetic force drives the motor mover 604 to move in a linear direction, it also pushes the hollow piston rod 4 to move linearly in the axial direction. By controlling the magnitude and direction of the current, the electromagnetic force generated by the stator can push the motor mover 604 forward or backward in a linear direction. Changing the direction and frequency of the current can accelerate, decelerate, or maintain a constant speed for the motor actuator 604. Ultimately, the piston 9 reciprocates linearly along the axis under the push of the hollow piston rod 4.

[0142] Preferably, the hydraulic cylinder 1 is provided with an external oil / air port 108 for connecting an external liquid or air storage unit, and can also be directly connected to the atmosphere. For example, the rod chamber 102 of the hydraulic cylinder 1 can be pre-filled with low-pressure nitrogen to form a low-pressure buffer chamber, which forms a high-pressure drive-low-pressure buffer dual-chamber linkage structure with the compressible chamber 2 in the oil chamber 101.

[0143] Preferably, a mirror-opposed electromagnetic direct-drive pressure control device is used, in which the motor mover 604 of the linear motor and the hollow piston rod 4 are respectively connected to a piston 9 in two directions of the axis to realize bidirectional drive and power generation mode (i.e. bidirectional drive and energy recovery).

[0144] Working principle:

[0145] Drive mode: After energizing the motor stator 603, the stator coil generates an alternating magnetic field, which interacts with the permanent magnet magnetic field of the motor mover 604, generating axial electromagnetic force based on Ampere's law. One end of the motor mover 604 is fixedly connected to the piston 9, and the motor stator 603 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder 1. Driven by the axial electromagnetic force, the motor mover 604 pushes the piston 9 in a linear direction, compressing the air chamber 2 to accumulate aerodynamic potential energy (and compressing the hydraulic medium to output hydraulic energy), and then outputs hydraulic energy to the external system.

[0146] Power generation mode: When the external load pushes the piston 9 back, the compressible air chamber 2 expands and releases energy (aerodynamic potential energy), and the pressure of the hydraulic oil 103 decreases. The piston 9 pushes the motor mover 604 to move in the opposite direction, cutting the magnetic field of the stator 603 to generate an induced current. The electrical energy is rectified by the bidirectional converter and stored in the electrical energy storage device 602.

[0147] Example 6

[0148] This embodiment is a further improvement on the foregoing embodiment, and repeated content will not be described again.

[0149] like Figure 7 and 8 As shown, the mechanical transmission component of the novel pressure regulating device of the present invention adopts an integrated structure of motor and nut. Specifically, the motor 6 is a frameless motor and is coaxially arranged with the nut 5 and the lead screw 8. The rotor 604 of the motor 6 can be directly fixed to the outer wall of the nut 5, and the stator 603 is arranged on the inner wall (i.e., the housing or stator seat) of the motor 6, maintaining a certain air gap with the rotor 604. Preferably, the stator 603 winding adopts an impregnation sealing process, with a pressure resistance rating of IP67, suitable for hydraulic oil environment. After the motor stator 603 is energized, the stator coil generates a rotating magnetic field, which interacts with the permanent magnet magnetic field of the rotor 604, generating a rotating electromagnetic force based on Ampere's law. Under the action of the electromagnetic force, the rotor 604 drives the nut 5 to rotate, and is subjected to the action of the limiting bearing 605 in the axial direction. Preferably, the limiting bearing 605 is symmetrically installed at both ends of the nut 5, and the outer ring of the bearing is fixed to the bearing mounting seat of the end cover of the hydraulic cylinder 1, limiting the axial displacement of the nut 5. The limit bearing 605 can be used in single row, double row, or multiple rows in series, back-to-back, or face-to-face to ensure transmission rigidity and eliminate axial backlash. Furthermore, the rotational motion of the nut 5 is converted into the axial reciprocating motion of the lead screw 8. The lead screw 8 acts as the actuator, and the piston 9 moves axially under the push of the lead screw 8, compressing the air chamber 2 to accumulate pneumatic potential energy, ultimately outputting hydraulic energy to the external system.

[0150] Preferably, the lead screw 8 can be an inverted planetary roller lead screw, in which force and torque are transmitted between the lead screw and the nut 5 through a number of planetary studs.

[0151] Preferably, the motor 6 and nut 5 are integrated into a direct drive, with a mechanical efficiency of ≥98%. The rotor 604 adopts a low inertia and lightweight material design, with a step pressure response time of ≤10ms and significant advantages in high-frequency response characteristics; the axial length is shortened by 40% compared with the traditional "motor-coupling-screw" layout, making it suitable for space-constrained scenarios and greatly improving space utilization.

[0152] Preferably, such as Figure 8 As shown, a direct-drive pressure regulation device with a mirror-opposed lead screw is used to achieve bidirectional drive and power generation modes in both axial directions using the lead screw 8. Preferably, a bushing 606 is clamped between the limit bearing 605 and the nut 5.

[0153] Example 7

[0154] This embodiment is a further improvement on the foregoing embodiment, and repeated content will not be described again.

[0155] like Figure 9 As shown, the motor 6 and the lead screw 8 are integrated into a single unit through a mirror-image layout. The specific transmission principle is as follows: the motor 6 housing still houses the stator 603, maintaining a small air gap with the rotor 604 in the radial direction to ensure efficient output of rotational torque by the rotor 604. The rotor 604 is fixed relative to the rotor fixing sleeve 607, allowing the rotor fixing sleeve 607 to rotate around its own axis under the action of rotational torque. Simultaneously, several connecting keys 608 are arranged between the lead screw 8 and the rotor fixing sleeve 607, enabling the lead screw 8 to rotate coaxially and at the same speed under the drive of the rotor fixing sleeve 607. Finally, through the mechanical transmission assembly, the rotational motion of the lead screw 8 is converted into the axial motion of the nut 5.

[0156] Specifically, if the threads at both ends of the lead screw 8 have the same direction of rotation, then the axial movement directions of the nuts 5 at both ends are the same; if the threads at both ends of the lead screw 8 have opposite directions of rotation, then the axial movement directions of the nuts 5 at both ends are opposite. This embodiment is similar to... Figure 8 The main difference is that the lead screw 8 only rotates, while the nuts 5 at both ends reciprocate axially. The composition and working principle of other parts are similar to those in the above embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0157] Example 8

[0158] This embodiment is a further improvement on the foregoing embodiment, and repeated content will not be described again.

[0159] like Figure 10 As shown, a mirror-image layout is used, employing a gear-rack configuration as the mechanical transmission component to achieve an integrated design of the motor 6 and the lead screw 8. The specific transmission principle is as follows: the output shaft 610 of the motor 6 is fixedly connected to the gear 609, and the gear 609 meshes with the rack 801. The rotation of the motor output shaft 610 drives the gear 609 to rotate, which in turn converts into the rack 801 reciprocating motion along the axial direction.

[0160] Preferably, the motor 6 is fixed, so the gear 609, which is fixed to its output shaft 610, can only rotate and cannot move in other directions. The rack 801 has teeth that mesh with the gear 609 only in the middle part.

[0161] Specifically, the rack 801 is fixed to pistons 9 at both ends, and drives pistons 9 to perform axial reciprocating motion. The main difference between this embodiment and the above embodiment is the use of a gear-rack transmission pair, which further reduces the axial dimension of the device and reduces the difficulty of design, processing, and manufacturing. The composition and working principle of other parts are similar to those of the above embodiment, and will not be described again here.

[0162] Example 9

[0163] This embodiment is a further improvement on the foregoing embodiment, and repeated content will not be described again.

[0164] like Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, in the novel pressure control device of the present invention, when the nut 5 and the lead screw 8 are selected as the transmission pair for converting rotary motion into linear motion, the nut 5 is equipped with a guide 503 to optimize motion stability. Preferably, by setting the guide 503 on the housing of the hydraulic cylinder 1 or the motor 6, two sets of symmetrically distributed linear guide rail systems are formed. The dual guide system forms a "hydraulic cylinder-motor" cross-domain constraint, completely eliminating the circumferential rotational degree of freedom of the nut 5, that is, preventing the relative rotation of the nut 5, ensuring that it only performs pure linear motion along the axis of the lead screw 8, and improving the pressure control accuracy and repeatability consistency.

[0165] According to a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 13 As shown, the guide 503 used in the novel pressure regulating device of the present invention is disposed at the contact point between the hydraulic cylinder 1 and the hollow piston rod 4. Preferably, the guide 503 is a spline or sliding key, which is fixed relative to the hydraulic cylinder 1 (for example, disposed on the inner wall or end cap of the hydraulic cylinder 1), and then engages with the keyway designed on the hollow piston rod 4. Since the nut 5 and the hollow piston rod 4 are fixedly connected, the hollow piston rod 4 is guided and constrained by the keyway during movement, ensuring that it only moves in a pure linear motion along the axis of the lead screw 8.

[0166] According to a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 14 As shown, the guide 503 used in the novel pressure regulating device of the present invention is disposed at the contact point between the hydraulic cylinder 1 and the nut 5. Preferably, the guide 503 is a spline disposed on the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder 1, which mates with the keyway designed on the nut 5. Since the hollow piston rod 4 and the nut 5 are fixedly connected, the nut 5 is guided and constrained by the keyway during movement, ensuring that it only moves in a pure linear motion along the axis of the lead screw 8.

[0167] Example 10

[0168] This embodiment is a further improvement on the foregoing embodiment, and repeated content will not be described again.

[0169] like Figure 15 and 16 As shown, a rubber airbag or pre-compressed nitrogen is installed in the rod chamber 102 as a buffer medium 105. Preferably, the installed rubber airbag is pre-filled with nitrogen, which acts as a buffer during the reciprocating linear motion of the piston 9, increasing the stability of the device and reducing vibration and noise. The pre-filling pressure of the rubber airbag is adjustable to adapt to the dynamic pressure compensation requirements under different operating conditions. Preferably, low-pressure nitrogen is directly pre-filled in the rod chamber 102 as a low-pressure buffer chamber, which, combined with the piston 9, forms a piston-type accumulator structure, realizing an innovative dual-chamber combined structure.

[0170] like Figure 15 As shown, specifically, the rod chamber 102 can be fitted with a sealed rubber airbag, or it can be connected to a nitrogen cylinder via an external oil / air port 108 and an external inflation valve. The pre-charge pressure can be dynamically adjusted according to the working conditions to adapt to pressure compensation and buffering under vibration frequencies of 5-30Hz. When the piston 9 reciprocates, the airbag absorbs impact energy through elastic deformation, while the internal nitrogen expansion / compression provides an additional air cushion effect, comprehensively reducing vibration noise.

[0171] like Figure 16 As shown, specifically, the rod chamber 102 is directly pre-filled with nitrogen, and gas leakage is prevented by the gas seal 110, forming a piston-type accumulator structure with the rear end of the piston 9. The compressible gas chamber 2 on the front side of the piston 9 stores high-pressure inert gas 201, and the rod chamber 102 on the rear side is pre-filled with low-pressure nitrogen. The two chambers are dynamically coupled by the displacement of the piston 9, forming a dual-chamber energy management system and a dual-chamber linkage design of "high-pressure drive-low-pressure buffer". When the piston 9 retracts rapidly, the compressible gas chamber 2 expands to drive the oil chamber 101 to release pressure, while the nitrogen compression in the rod chamber 102 suppresses pressure changes, significantly reducing the impact and vibration noise of hydraulic and mechanical components.

[0172] Example 11

[0173] This embodiment is a further improvement on the foregoing embodiment, and repeated content will not be described again.

[0174] like Figure 17 and 18 As shown, the buffer medium 105 installed in the rod chamber 102 can be liquid, gas, or solid. Preferably, the buffer medium 105 is hydraulic oil, which is connected to an external reservoir 107 via an oil pipe 106, and liquid leakage is prevented by an oil seal 111. An external oil pump or atmospheric pressure can be connected to one side of the reservoir 107 to ensure that no negative pressure occurs inside the rod chamber 102.

[0175] As a preferred embodiment, the buffer medium 105 can also be a magnetorheological fluid or an electrorheological fluid, and the controller 601 (ECU) adjusts the viscosity of the medium by changing the applied magnetic field or electric field, thereby achieving variable damping buffering.

[0176] Preferably, the buffer medium 105 is nitrogen gas, which is connected to an external nitrogen tank 107 via a gas pipe 106. Similarly, an external air pump can be connected to one side of the nitrogen tank 107 to ensure that no negative pressure occurs inside the rod chamber 102. Preferably, the helical springs A112 and B107a work together to achieve the function of a buffer medium, and are installed in the rod chamber 102 of the piston 9 and the hydraulic cylinder 1. Specifically, the helical springs A112 and B107a have the same or different structural parameters and performance parameters.

[0177] like Figure 17 As shown, specifically, hydraulic oil is filled into the rod chamber 102 as a buffer medium 105. The reservoir 107 has a vent to the atmosphere or is connected to a low-pressure oil pump at its top to ensure that the pressure in the rod chamber 102 is always greater than atmospheric pressure. When the piston 9 moves, the hydraulic oil is connected to the external reservoir 107 through the oil pipe 106. The reservoir 107 has a vent to the atmosphere or is connected to a low-pressure oil pump at its top to ensure that the pressure in the rod chamber 102 is always greater than atmospheric pressure. When the piston 9 moves, the hydraulic oil in the rod chamber 102 exchanges flow with the reservoir 107 through the oil pipe 106, utilizing the viscosity damping of the oil to absorb high-frequency vibrations.

[0178] like Figure 17 As shown, specifically, the rod chamber 102 is pre-filled with nitrogen and connected to an external nitrogen tank 107 via a gas pipe 106. The nitrogen tank 107 can be equipped with an electronically controlled proportional valve to dynamically adjust the nitrogen pressure based on sensor signal feedback. The compressibility of nitrogen provides a flexible buffer, reducing the peak value of the piston 9's reversing impact force.

[0179] like Figure 18 As shown, specifically, a helical spring A112 and a helical spring B107a are coaxially mounted within the rod cavity 102, arranged in series or parallel. Preferably, the helical spring A112 is designed with high stiffness to bear the main impact load; preferably, the helical spring B107a is designed with low stiffness to provide low-frequency vibration damping. When the piston 9 moves, the helical spring A112 compresses and absorbs energy, while the helical spring B107a suppresses vibrations in a specific frequency band through resonant frequency shift, thereby achieving multi-stage mechanical buffering.

[0180] It should be noted that the specific embodiments described above are exemplary. Those skilled in the art can devise various solutions inspired by the disclosure of this invention, and these solutions all fall within the scope of this invention and its protection. Those skilled in the art should understand that this specification and its accompanying drawings are illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. This specification contains multiple inventive concepts; terms such as "preferredly," "according to a preferred embodiment," or "optionally" indicate that the corresponding paragraph discloses an independent concept. The applicant reserves the right to file divisional applications based on each inventive concept.

Claims

1. A pressure regulation device integrating pneumatic energy storage, characterized in that, Includes a motor (6), a mechanical transmission assembly, a hydraulic cylinder (1), and a piston (9); The motor (6) is used to output rotary motion or linear motion; the mechanical transmission assembly is disposed between the motor (6) and the piston (9) to convert the output motion of the motor (6) into the reciprocating linear motion of the piston (9) in the hydraulic cylinder (1); the piston (9) body is integrated with or the hydraulic cylinder (1) is provided with a compressible air chamber (2); The piston (9) divides the hydraulic cylinder (1) into an oil chamber (101) and a rod chamber (102). The movement of the piston (9) can simultaneously change the volume of the oil chamber (101) and the internal pressure of the compressible air chamber (2), thereby realizing the coupling conversion of electrical energy, mechanical energy, hydraulic energy and pneumatic potential energy in a single component.

2. The pressure regulation device for integrated pneumatic energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mechanical transmission assembly includes a lead screw (8), a nut (5), and a hollow piston rod (4); The lead screw (8) is fixedly connected or linked to the output shaft of the motor (6), the nut (5) is fixedly connected to the hollow piston rod (4), and the lead screw (8) passes through the hollow piston rod (4) and cooperates with the nut (5) to form a threaded transmission pair; when the motor (6) drives the lead screw (8) to rotate, it drives the nut (5), the hollow piston rod (4) and the piston (9) to make linear motion.

3. A pressure regulation device for integrated pneumatic energy storage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The device also includes a guide (503) to prevent the nut (5) or the hollow piston rod (4) from rotating relative to each other; the guide (503) is disposed on the inner wall or outer housing of the hydraulic cylinder (1) and engages with the keyway disposed on the hollow piston rod (4) or the nut (5) to ensure that the nut (5) moves only in a straight line along the axial direction.

4. A pressure regulation device for integrated pneumatic energy storage according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The motor (6) and the lead screw (8) are arranged in parallel. The mechanical transmission assembly also includes a power transmission device (109) that connects the output shaft of the motor (6) and the lead screw (8). The power transmission device (109) is a synchronous belt or a gearbox.

5. A pressure regulation device for integrated pneumatic energy storage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The motor (6) is a frameless motor and is coaxially integrated with the nut (5) and the lead screw (8). The stator (603) of the motor (6) is fixed, and the rotor (604) is directly fixed to the outer wall of the nut (5). The motor (6) drives the nut (5) to rotate, thereby driving the lead screw (8) to perform axial reciprocating motion. The lead screw (8) pushes the piston (9) to move.

6. A pressure regulation device for integrated pneumatic energy storage according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The mechanical transmission assembly includes a gear (609) and a rack (801) that mesh with each other; the gear (609) is connected to the output shaft (610) of the motor (6), and the rack (801) is connected to the piston (9), converting the rotational motion of the motor (6) into the linear motion of the piston (9).

7. A pressure regulation device for integrated pneumatic energy storage according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The compressible air chamber (2) contains high-pressure inert gas (201), and its structure can be any one of airbag type, piston type or bellows type; the compressible air chamber (2) is housed in the oil chamber (101) and located on one side of the piston (9).

8. A pressure regulation device for integrated pneumatic energy storage according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The rod cavity (102) is filled with a buffer medium (105), which is hydraulic oil, nitrogen or an elastic element; the rod cavity (102) is provided with an external oil / gas port (108) for connecting to an external liquid tank / nitrogen tank (107) to adjust the buffer pressure, or directly connecting to the atmosphere.

9. A pressure regulation device for integrated pneumatic energy storage according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, A helical spring A (112) and a helical spring B (107a) are coaxially installed in the rod cavity (102). The helical spring A (112) and the helical spring B (107a) are arranged in series or in parallel to absorb impact loads and attenuate low-frequency vibrations.

10. A pressure regulation device for integrated pneumatic energy storage according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, A sealing assembly (3) is provided between the piston (9) and the hydraulic cylinder (1). The sealing assembly (3) includes a main seal and a secondary seal, which are used to isolate the oil chamber (101) from the rod chamber (102).

11. An electromagnetic direct-drive hydraulic pressure regulating device, characterized in that, include: The system comprises a hydraulic cylinder (1), a piston (9), and a linear motor; the linear motor includes a stator (603) and a mover (604); the stator (603) is fixedly connected to the hydraulic cylinder (1), and the mover (604) is drivenly connected to the piston (9) to directly drive the piston (9) to move linearly along the axial direction; the hydraulic cylinder (1) is filled with hydraulic medium, and one side of the piston (9) is provided with a compressible air chamber (2) whose volume changes with the movement of the piston (9); when the linear motor is in drive mode, the mover (604) pushes the piston (9) to compress the hydraulic medium to output hydraulic energy and compress the compressible air chamber (2) to store aerodynamic potential energy; when the linear motor is in power generation mode, the compressible air chamber (2) releases aerodynamic potential energy to push the piston (9) and the mover (604) to move in the opposite direction, causing the linear motor to generate an induced current.

12. The electromagnetic direct-drive hydraulic pressure regulating device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The device adopts a mirror-opposite layout. The mover (604) of the linear motor is connected to a piston (9) in two directions on the axis through a hollow piston rod (4) to realize bidirectional drive and energy recovery.

13. An electromagnetic direct-drive hydraulic pressure regulating device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, The mover (604) is fixedly connected to the piston (9) by a hollow piston rod (4), which extends along the axis of the hydraulic cylinder (1).

14. An electromagnetic direct-drive hydraulic pressure regulating device according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that, The hydraulic cylinder (1) is provided with an external oil / air port (108) for connecting to an external liquid or gas storage unit. The rod chamber (102) of the hydraulic cylinder (1) is pre-filled with low-pressure nitrogen to form a low-pressure buffer chamber, which forms a high-pressure drive-low-pressure buffer dual-chamber linkage structure with the compressible chamber (2).

15. An electromagnetic direct-drive hydraulic pressure regulating device according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that, The linear motor is equipped with a position sensor, which is an incremental encoder or an absolute encoder, for detecting the position information of the mover (604).

16. An electromagnetic direct-drive hydraulic pressure regulating device according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that, The magnetic field generated by the coil of the stator (603) interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet on the mover (604) to generate electromagnetic force; the stator (603) adopts an impregnation sealing process to adapt to the hydraulic oil environment.

17. An electromagnetic direct-drive hydraulic pressure regulating device according to any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that, The compressible air chamber (2) is located in the oil chamber (101) of the hydraulic cylinder (1). The oil chamber (101) is connected to an external load through an oil port (104) to form a hydraulic energy output and pneumatic energy storage coupling unit.

18. An electromagnetic direct-drive hydraulic pressure regulating device according to any one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that, The device is also equipped with a bidirectional converter, which is electrically connected to the linear motor, for switching the current flow direction between the drive mode and the power generation mode.

19. An electromagnetic direct-drive hydraulic pressure regulating device according to any one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that, The outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder (1) integrates a temperature sensor for monitoring the device temperature and feeding it back to the control system.

20. An electromagnetic direct-drive hydraulic pressure regulating device according to any one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that, The piston (9) is equipped with a dynamic sealing assembly (3) to prevent the hydraulic medium in the hydraulic cylinder (1) from leaking into the area where the linear motor is located.

21. An intelligent, regenerative hydraulic control system, characterized in that, include: The pressure regulating body includes a motor (6), a mechanical transmission assembly, and a hydraulic cylinder (1) with a built-in pneumatic energy storage unit; a sensor (600) integrated on the hydraulic cylinder (1) for real-time monitoring of the pressure and temperature parameters inside the hydraulic cylinder (1); an energy storage device (602) electrically connected to the motor (6); and a controller (601) communicatively connected to the motor (6), the sensor (600), and the energy storage device (602); the controller (601) is configured to execute the following control logic: receive pressure data fed back by the sensor (600) in real time; when it is determined that the external load pushes the piston (9) in the hydraulic cylinder (1) in the opposite direction, use the expansion work released by the pneumatic energy storage unit to assist in driving the motor (6) to enter the power generation state, and recover the generated electrical energy to the energy storage device (602).

22. The intelligent regenerative hydraulic control system according to claim 21, characterized in that, The sensor (600) includes a pressure sensor integrated into the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder (1), a temperature sensor integrated into the outer wall, and a flow sensor disposed at the oil port (104).

23. The intelligent regenerative hydraulic control system according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that, The controller (601) communicates with the motor (6) via a CAN bus, exchanging pressure signals and electrical signals in real time to support the switching of the motor (6) in four-quadrant operation mode.

24. A smart, regenerative hydraulic control system according to any one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that, The controller (601) is configured to: control the motor (6) to switch to power generation mode when the pressure data detected by the sensor (600) exceeds a set threshold; and trigger emergency pressure relief or shutdown protection when abnormal pressure fluctuations are detected.

25. A smart, regenerative hydraulic control system according to any one of claims 21 to 24, characterized in that, The motor (6) is equipped with a bidirectional converter, and the controller (601) adjusts the torque and speed of the motor (6) by controlling the bidirectional converter to maintain the pressure stability in the hydraulic cylinder (1).

26. A smart, regenerative hydraulic control system according to any one of claims 21 to 25, characterized in that, The mechanical transmission assembly includes a lead screw (8) and a nut (5). The nut (5) is equipped with a guide device to prevent relative rotation, ensuring that the rotational motion of the motor (6) is accurately converted into linear motion.

27. A smart, regenerative hydraulic control system according to any one of claims 21 to 26, characterized in that, The built-in pneumatic energy storage unit is a bellows-type or airbag-type compressible air chamber (2) located in the oil chamber (101) of the hydraulic cylinder (1).

28. A smart, regenerative hydraulic control system according to any one of claims 21 to 27, characterized in that, The rod chamber (102) of the hydraulic cylinder (1) is filled with a buffer medium (105), which is a magnetorheological fluid or an electrorheological fluid. The controller (601) can adjust the characteristics of the buffer medium to change the damping.

29. A smart, regenerative hydraulic control system according to any one of claims 21 to 28, characterized in that, The energy storage device (602) includes a battery pack or a supercapacitor for storing electrical energy generated by the motor (6) in the power generation state.

30. A smart, regenerative hydraulic control system according to any one of claims 21 to 29, characterized in that, The motor (6) is equipped with an encoder for detecting the position of the motor rotor and feeding it back to the controller (601). The controller (601) combines the encoder data and pressure parameters to perform closed-loop control.

31. A bidirectional energy conversion method for a hydraulic cylinder based on gas-liquid coupling, characterized in that, Using the device as described in claim 1, the method includes the following steps: Drive power consumption stage: control the motor (6) to run in the forward direction, drive the piston (9) to compress the oil chamber (101) in the hydraulic cylinder (1) through mechanical transmission to output high pressure fluid, and at the same time use the displacement of the piston (9) to compress the compressible air chamber (2) integrated in the cylinder to convert part of the mechanical energy into pneumatic potential energy for storage; Driven power generation stage: when the external load is detected to push the piston (9) back, the pneumatic potential energy released by the expansion of the gas in the compressible air chamber (2) and the external load work together to push the piston (9) and the motor rotor in the reverse direction; Energy recovery step: control the motor (6) to work in generator mode, convert the mechanical energy input in the reverse direction into electrical energy and store it or connect it to the grid.

32. A bidirectional energy conversion method for a hydraulic cylinder based on gas-liquid coupling according to claim 31, characterized in that, The mechanical transmission includes a lead screw (8) and a nut (5) working together; during the power consumption stage, the motor (6) drives the lead screw (8) to rotate, and the lead screw (8) drives the nut (5) and the hollow piston rod (4) to push the piston (9) to move linearly.

33. A bidirectional energy conversion method for a hydraulic cylinder based on gas-liquid coupling according to claim 31 or 32, characterized in that, The device is directly driven by a linear motor; during the power consumption phase, the mover (604) of the linear motor is controlled to push the piston (9) in a straight line; during the power generation phase, the piston (9) pushes the mover (604) in the opposite direction to cut magnetic field lines and generate induced current.

34. A bidirectional energy conversion method for a hydraulic cylinder based on gas-liquid coupling according to any one of claims 31 to 33, characterized in that, The mechanical transmission adopts a direct drive structure integrating motor and nut; during the power consumption stage, the motor rotor (604) drives the nut (5) to rotate, which is converted into the axial movement of the lead screw (8) to push the piston (9).

35. A bidirectional energy conversion method for a hydraulic cylinder based on gas-liquid coupling according to any one of claims 31 to 34, characterized in that, The method further includes a buffering step: when the piston (9) retracts, nitrogen or a spring filled in the rod chamber (102) of the hydraulic cylinder (1) is used for compression buffering, which is linked with the expansion of the compressible gas chamber (2) to suppress pressure changes and vibrations.

36. A bidirectional energy conversion method for a hydraulic cylinder based on gas-liquid coupling according to any one of claims 31 to 35, characterized in that, The method further includes a mode switching judgment step: the controller (601) collects the pressure data of the oil chamber (101) in real time, and automatically switches the motor (6) from the driving mode to the power generation mode when the pressure exceeds the preset threshold or a reverse load is detected.

37. A bidirectional energy conversion method for a hydraulic cylinder based on gas-liquid coupling according to any one of claims 31 to 36, characterized in that, During the power consumption phase, the helical spring (502) in the mechanical transmission assembly is compressed, converting some of the mechanical energy into elastic potential energy; during the power generation phase, the helical spring (502) extends and releases elastic potential energy, assisting in driving the motor (6) in the opposite direction.

38. A bidirectional energy conversion method for a hydraulic cylinder based on gas-liquid coupling according to any one of claims 31 to 37, characterized in that, In the energy recovery step, the electrical energy generated by the motor (6) is rectified by a bidirectional converter and stored in an energy storage device (602).

39. A bidirectional energy conversion method for a hydraulic cylinder based on gas-liquid coupling according to any one of claims 31 to 38, characterized in that, The method includes using a sensor (600) to monitor the temperature inside the hydraulic cylinder (1), and when the temperature is too high, the controller (601) limits the output power of the motor (6) or triggers a shutdown protection.

40. A bidirectional energy conversion method for a hydraulic cylinder based on gas-liquid coupling according to any one of claims 31 to 39, characterized in that, The gas in the compressible chamber (2) is an inert gas (201). During the driving power consumption stage, the piston (9) continuously compresses the inert gas (201) to increase its pressure. During the driven power generation stage, the instantaneous expansion characteristics of the high-pressure gas are used to provide reverse thrust assistance and improve the response speed of energy recovery.

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