Plateau pressurized building heat energy cascade recovery and intelligent regulation and control system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a plateau pressurization building heat energy cascade recovery and intelligent regulation and control system and method, and relates to the technical field of building environment control and energy utilization, the plateau pressurization building heat energy cascade recovery and intelligent regulation and control system comprises a pressurization and heat generation unit, a control unit and a control unit, high-temperature compressed air generated in the compression process and heat generated by operation of a motor form a core heat source of the system, by integrating a solar water heating system and setting priority utilization logic, the system ensures continuity and stability of hot water supply under changeable climate conditions while fully utilizing renewable energy sources, and the system is suitable for popularization and application. And the life guarantee requirements of personnel in a plateau environment are met. In addition, active heat preservation is conducted on the water supply and drainage pipeline through building exhaust waste heat, the problem that water pipes in alpine regions are prone to freezing is effectively solved, and the reliability and safety of building facilities are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building environmental control and energy utilization technology, specifically to a high-altitude pressurized building heat energy cascade recovery and intelligent control system and method. Background Technology

[0002] In high-altitude areas, the low atmospheric pressure and low oxygen content necessitate the use of pressurized structures (such as air-supported membrane oxygen chambers and pressurized cabins) to maintain suitable air pressure and oxygen levels for occupants. The core equipment of these structures—the air compressor—consumes a significant amount of electrical energy during continuous operation, converting this energy into two parts: the heat energy generated by the compression of air (manifested as a significant increase in outlet air temperature) and the waste heat generated by the equipment itself. Furthermore, the large diurnal temperature range and harsh winters in high-altitude regions present both a strong demand for heating and the practical challenges of ensuring a reliable supply of domestic hot water and preventing pipeline freezing.

[0003] Heat recovery technology refers to the technology of collecting and reusing heat energy generated during industrial production or equipment operation that might otherwise be wasted. In the building sector, common heat recovery methods include recovering waste heat from exhaust air and using heat pumps to raise the temperature of low-grade heat sources. The core objective is to improve energy efficiency and reduce primary energy consumption. However, in traditional pressurized building designs, the heat generated by the air compressor is usually dissipated directly into the environment through a cooling system (such as air or water cooling), and the heat generated by the drive motor is often not systematically utilized, which essentially results in energy waste.

[0004] To address this issue, a high-altitude pressurized building heat energy cascade recovery and intelligent control system and method were designed to solve the following technical problems: a large amount of medium- and high-temperature compression heat and motor waste heat generated by the operation of air compressors are not effectively utilized, and direct emissions lead to low energy utilization efficiency; in the frigid environment of high altitudes, building water supply and drainage pipes are prone to freezing, and traditional methods such as electric heat tracing increase energy consumption and pose safety hazards, so it is necessary to find a more economical and reliable antifreeze solution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a system and method for cascaded heat energy recovery and intelligent control of pressurized buildings in high-altitude areas, which solves the technical problems mentioned in the background section.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-altitude pressurized building heat energy cascade recovery and intelligent control system, comprising: The pressurization and heat generation unit includes an air compressor for compressing and pressurizing fresh air and a drive motor. The high-temperature compressed air generated during the compression process and the heat generated by the motor operation constitute the core heat source of the system. The heat distribution and control unit includes a main air supply pipeline connected to the outlet of the air compressor, a first heat exchange device installed on the main air supply pipeline for exchanging heat with indoor air, a pipeline switching valve for switching airflow paths, and a compressed air cooling device connected to a branch of the pipeline switching valve. The first heat exchange device is connected to the building's indoor heat dissipation terminal. A domestic hot water preparation and storage unit includes a domestic hot water storage tank, a second heat exchange device for recovering waste heat from the operation of the air compressor and drive motor, and a third heat exchange device for connecting to an external solar collector. The waste heat recovery unit includes a building exhaust duct and a waste heat exchange sleeve installed outside the building water supply and drainage duct. The outlet of the building exhaust duct is connected to the inlet of the waste heat exchange sleeve to use the waste heat of the indoor exhaust to protect the water pipe from freezing. The intelligent control unit includes a central controller, a temperature sensor installed indoors, a water temperature sensor installed in a domestic hot water storage tank, and an air temperature sensor installed on the main gas supply pipeline. The central controller is connected to each sensor and the pipeline switching valve to automatically adjust the operation of the system in winter mode, summer mode, and hot water priority mode based on monitoring data.

[0007] Preferably, the system further includes a fourth heat exchange device arranged in parallel with the first heat exchange device. The primary side of the fourth heat exchange device is connected to the main air supply pipeline, and its secondary side is connected to the evaporator of an air source heat pump. The condenser side of the air source heat pump is connected to the domestic hot water storage tank through a pipeline, which is used to improve the quality of the waste heat of compressed air and use it to heat domestic hot water after the indoor heating demand is met.

[0008] Preferably, the domestic hot water preparation and storage unit further includes a mixing valve and a circulating water pump. The second heat exchange device and the third heat exchange device form a circulation loop with the domestic hot water storage tank through pipelines. The intelligent control unit is configured to prioritize controlling the circulation loop to exchange heat with the third heat exchange device to utilize solar energy, and when the solar energy is insufficient, switch to exchanging heat with the second heat exchange device to utilize the system's waste heat.

[0009] Preferably, the winter mode logic executed by the intelligent control unit is as follows: when the indoor temperature is lower than the heating set temperature, the pipeline switching valve is controlled to allow high-temperature compressed air to flow through the first heat exchange device to directly supply heating to the room; when the indoor temperature reaches the set value, the pipeline switching valve is controlled to allow the compressed air to be cooled by the compressed air cooling device before being sent into the room to maintain positive pressure in the building; at the same time, the air source heat pump is started or the valve connected to the second heat exchange device is opened to introduce the system's waste heat into the domestic hot water storage tank.

[0010] Preferably, the summer mode logic executed by the intelligent control unit is as follows: during the day, the pipeline switching valve is controlled to allow all compressed air to flow through the compressed air cooling device to cool down before being sent into the room, and the path to the first heat exchange device is closed, while all the waste heat generated by the system is introduced into the domestic hot water storage tank; at night, if the indoor temperature is lower than the set value, the winter mode heating logic is switched to be executed.

[0011] Preferably, in the waste heat recovery unit, a high-efficiency heat-conducting medium is filled between the waste heat exchange sleeve and the building water supply and drainage pipeline, and a regulating valve controlled by the intelligent control unit is provided on the building exhaust duct; when the intelligent control unit detects that the outdoor ambient temperature is lower than the freezing point, it automatically increases the opening of the regulating valve to ensure that sufficient exhaust heat is used for water pipeline antifreeze.

[0012] This invention provides a method for the cascade recovery and intelligent control of heat energy in high-altitude pressurized buildings, characterized by comprising the following steps: Heat source and demand status monitoring steps: Real-time monitoring of compressed air temperature, indoor ambient temperature, domestic hot water storage tank temperature and outdoor ambient temperature; Intelligent decision-making steps for operating modes: Based on the monitoring data, current time, and user settings, the central controller determines and selects the operating mode to be executed. Thermal energy cascade distribution and execution steps: If the system is in winter mode or summer night heating mode, the heat from the high-temperature compressed air will be used for indoor heating first. Once the indoor temperature reaches the target value, the remaining heat in the system will be transferred to the domestic hot water storage tank through the second heat exchange device and / or air source heat pump. If it is in summer daytime mode or no heating demand mode, the compressed air is cooled and sent directly into the building to maintain positive pressure, while all the waste heat generated by the system is introduced into the domestic hot water storage tank. In any mode, the building exhaust air is directed to the waste gas heat exchange jacket, and the residual heat is used to continuously insulate the building's water supply and drainage pipelines. Solar complementary process: Real-time monitoring and priority use of heat generated by solar collectors to heat domestic hot water. When solar heat is insufficient, automatic switching to use waste heat from the system for supplementation. Beneficial effects

[0013] This invention provides a system and method for the cascaded recovery and intelligent control of thermal energy in high-altitude pressurized buildings. By constructing an intelligent cascaded recovery and control system, this invention achieves refined management and efficient utilization of the inherent thermal energy of high-altitude pressurized building systems. First, the system creatively uses the high-grade thermal energy generated during air compression as the primary heat source for winter heating, realizing energy recovery from the building's core energy-consuming processes and significantly reducing the energy consumption of traditional auxiliary heating. Second, through intelligent control logic, the system achieves orderly allocation and cascaded utilization of thermal energy across different uses such as space heating, domestic hot water preparation, and pipeline antifreeze. In particular, it transfers surplus heat after heating and all summer heat generation to the domestic hot water system, significantly improving the overall energy utilization efficiency. Furthermore, by integrating a solar water heating system and setting priority utilization logic, the system fully utilizes renewable energy while ensuring the continuity and stability of hot water supply under variable climate conditions, meeting the living needs of people in high-altitude environments. In addition, the use of waste heat from building exhaust ventilation for active insulation of water supply and drainage pipelines effectively solves the problem of water pipes freezing easily in high-altitude and cold regions, improving the reliability and safety of building facilities. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the plateau pressurized building heat energy cascade recovery and intelligent control system and method described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: a high-altitude pressurized building heat energy cascade recovery and intelligent control system, comprising: The pressurization and heat generation unit includes an air compressor for compressing and pressurizing fresh air and a drive motor. The high-temperature compressed air generated during the compression process and the heat generated by the motor operation constitute the core heat source of the system. The heat distribution and control unit includes a main air supply pipeline connected to the outlet of the air compressor, a first heat exchange device installed on the main air supply pipeline for exchanging heat with indoor air, a pipeline switching valve for switching airflow paths, and a compressed air cooling device connected to a branch of the pipeline switching valve. The first heat exchange device is connected to the building's indoor heat dissipation terminal. A domestic hot water preparation and storage unit includes a domestic hot water storage tank, a second heat exchange device for recovering waste heat from the operation of the air compressor and drive motor, and a third heat exchange device for connecting to an external solar collector. The waste heat recovery unit includes a building exhaust duct and a waste heat exchange sleeve installed outside the building water supply and drainage duct. The outlet of the building exhaust duct is connected to the inlet of the waste heat exchange sleeve to use the waste heat of the indoor exhaust to protect the water pipe from freezing. The intelligent control unit includes a central controller, a temperature sensor installed indoors, a water temperature sensor installed in a domestic hot water storage tank, and an air temperature sensor installed on the main gas supply pipeline. The central controller is connected to each sensor and the pipeline switching valve to automatically adjust the operation of the system in winter mode, summer mode, and hot water priority mode based on monitoring data.

[0017] In this embodiment, the system is further configured to include a fourth heat exchange device connected in parallel with the first heat exchange device. The primary side of the fourth heat exchange device is connected to the main gas supply pipeline, and its secondary side is connected to the evaporator of an air source heat pump. The condenser side of the air source heat pump is connected to the domestic hot water storage tank through a pipeline, which is used to improve the quality of the waste heat of compressed air and use it to heat domestic hot water after the indoor heating demand is met.

[0018] In this embodiment, the domestic hot water preparation and storage unit further includes a mixing valve and a circulating water pump. The second heat exchange device and the third heat exchange device form a circulation loop with the domestic hot water storage tank through pipelines. The intelligent control unit is configured to prioritize controlling the circulation loop to exchange heat with the third heat exchange device to utilize solar energy, and when the solar energy is insufficient, switch to exchanging heat with the second heat exchange device to utilize the system's waste heat.

[0019] In this embodiment, the winter mode logic executed by the intelligent control unit is as follows: when the indoor temperature is lower than the heating set temperature, the pipeline switching valve is controlled to allow high-temperature compressed air to flow through the first heat exchange device to directly supply heating to the room; when the indoor temperature reaches the set value, the pipeline switching valve is controlled to allow the compressed air to be cooled by the compressed air cooling device before being sent into the room to maintain positive pressure in the building; at the same time, the air source heat pump is started or the valve connected to the second heat exchange device is opened to introduce the system's waste heat into the domestic hot water storage tank.

[0020] In this embodiment, the summer mode logic executed by the intelligent control unit is as follows: during the day, the pipeline switching valve is controlled to allow all compressed air to flow through the compressed air cooling device to cool down before being sent into the room, and the path to the first heat exchange device is closed, while all the waste heat generated by the system is introduced into the domestic hot water storage tank; at night, if the indoor temperature is lower than the set value, the winter mode heating logic is switched to be executed.

[0021] In this embodiment, the waste heat recovery unit is further configured such that a high-efficiency heat-conducting medium is filled between the waste heat exchange sleeve and the building water supply and drainage pipeline, and a regulating air valve controlled by the intelligent control unit is provided on the building exhaust pipe; when the intelligent control unit detects that the outdoor ambient temperature is lower than the freezing point, it automatically increases the opening of the regulating air valve to ensure that sufficient exhaust heat is used for water pipeline antifreeze.

[0022] This invention provides a method for the cascade recovery and intelligent control of heat energy in high-altitude pressurized buildings, characterized by comprising the following steps: Heat source and demand status monitoring steps: Real-time monitoring of compressed air temperature, indoor ambient temperature, domestic hot water storage tank temperature and outdoor ambient temperature; Intelligent decision-making steps for operating modes: Based on the monitoring data, current time, and user settings, the central controller determines and selects the operating mode to be executed. Thermal energy cascade distribution and execution steps: If the system is in winter mode or summer night heating mode, the heat from the high-temperature compressed air will be used for indoor heating first. Once the indoor temperature reaches the target value, the remaining heat in the system will be transferred to the domestic hot water storage tank through the second heat exchange device and / or air source heat pump. If it is in summer daytime mode or no heating demand mode, the compressed air is cooled and sent directly into the building to maintain positive pressure, while all the waste heat generated by the system is introduced into the domestic hot water storage tank. In any mode, the building exhaust air is directed to the waste gas heat exchange jacket, and the residual heat is used to continuously insulate the building's water supply and drainage pipelines. Solar complementary process: Real-time monitoring and priority use of heat generated by solar collectors to heat domestic hot water. When solar heat is insufficient, automatic switching to use waste heat from the system for supplementation.

[0023] Its detailed connection method is a well-known technology in this field. The following mainly introduces the working principle and process, and the specific work is as follows.

[0024] Example: This system is mainly used in high-altitude, low-pressure, and frigid regions. It aims to solve the problem of efficiently recovering and intelligently utilizing the waste heat generated by compressed air and equipment operation during the maintenance of internal air pressure and temperature in pressurized buildings, while simultaneously ensuring the hot water supply needs of personnel. The entire system forms an organic closed-loop thermal energy management system.

[0025] Pressurization and Core Heat Generation Process: The system continuously draws in fresh outside air and compresses it using an air compressor. This process follows the principles of gas thermodynamics; the temperature of the compressed air rises significantly, forming a high-temperature, high-pressure heat source. Simultaneously, the motor driving the compressor also generates considerable heat during operation. These two sources of heat form the basis for the system's heat recovery and utilization.

[0026] Heat Distribution and Winter Operation Mode: In severe winter conditions, the system's intelligent control unit makes decisions based on feedback from indoor temperature sensors. When the indoor temperature falls below the set value, the system controls the pipeline valves to allow uncooled, high-temperature compressed air to flow directly through heat exchangers (such as fan coil units or heater radiators) located indoors, rapidly releasing heat into the room and achieving rapid heating. At this time, the residual heat contained in the building's exhaust air is also guided to a dedicated heat exchange sleeve covering the water supply and drainage pipes, effectively preventing the pipes from freezing.

[0027] Once the indoor temperature reaches a comfortable range, to prevent overheating, the system automatically switches valves, allowing the compressed air to pass through an air cooler to cool it down before being sent into the room to maintain positive pressure. At this point, the excess heat generated by air compression and motor operation is no longer directly used for heating, but is instead directed to the domestic hot water system. Specifically, this heat exchanges with water through a plate heat exchanger, or drives an air source heat pump to raise the temperature of the low-grade waste heat before using it to heat the domestic water in the hot water storage tank, thus realizing a cascade transfer of heat energy from "space heating" to "hot water preparation".

[0028] Heat Distribution and Summer Operation Mode: In the high-altitude summer, outdoor temperatures are high during the day, and buildings typically do not require additional heating. At this time, the system automatically enters the summer daytime mode: compressed air is fully cooled by a cooler before being sent indoors, used only to maintain air pressure and ventilation. Simultaneously, all heat generated by the compressor and motor is recovered through a heat exchanger to heat domestic hot water, storing it to meet nighttime bathing needs. At night, temperatures in high-altitude areas drop sharply. When the indoor temperature falls below a set threshold, the system automatically switches back to the aforementioned winter heating mode, utilizing the heat from compression to provide the necessary heat to ensure a comfortable and stable indoor environment.

[0029] Solar Complementarity and Intelligent Integration: To maximize the use of clean energy and ensure a continuous hot water supply for multiple users, the system integrates a solar water heating device. The intelligent control system prioritizes using the heat generated by the solar collectors to heat domestic water. When solar energy is insufficient on cloudy or rainy days or at night, the system automatically and seamlessly switches to the aforementioned waste heat recovery mode for supplementary heating. The entire system's operation, including mode switching, valve opening and closing, water pump start and stop, and the working status of the heat pump unit, is uniformly coordinated and controlled by the central controller based on real-time data from multiple sensors (temperature, pressure, etc.) and following a preset optimization algorithm. This ensures that heat energy is utilized efficiently and stably in a tiered sequence of "heating priority, freeze protection, and hot water preparation."

[0030] It should be noted that in this paper, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

Claims

1. A high-altitude pressurized building heat energy cascade recovery and intelligent control system, characterized in that, include: The pressurization and heat generation unit includes an air compressor for compressing and pressurizing fresh air and a drive motor. The high-temperature compressed air generated during the compression process and the heat generated by the motor operation constitute the core heat source of the system. The heat distribution and control unit includes a main air supply pipeline connected to the outlet of the air compressor, a first heat exchange device installed on the main air supply pipeline for exchanging heat with indoor air, a pipeline switching valve for switching airflow paths, and a compressed air cooling device connected to a branch of the pipeline switching valve. The first heat exchange device is connected to the building's indoor heat dissipation terminal. A domestic hot water preparation and storage unit includes a domestic hot water storage tank, a second heat exchange device for recovering waste heat from the operation of the air compressor and drive motor, and a third heat exchange device for connecting to an external solar collector. The waste heat recovery unit includes a building exhaust duct and a waste heat exchange sleeve installed outside the building water supply and drainage duct. The outlet of the building exhaust duct is connected to the inlet of the waste heat exchange sleeve to use the waste heat of the indoor exhaust to protect the water pipe from freezing. The intelligent control unit includes a central controller, a temperature sensor installed indoors, a water temperature sensor installed in a domestic hot water storage tank, and an air temperature sensor installed on the main gas supply pipeline. The central controller is connected to each sensor and the pipeline switching valve to automatically adjust the operation of the system in winter mode, summer mode, and hot water priority mode based on monitoring data.

2. The plateau pressurized building heat energy cascade recovery and intelligent control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a fourth heat exchange device arranged in parallel with the first heat exchange device. The primary side of the fourth heat exchange device is connected to the main gas supply pipeline, and its secondary side is connected to the evaporator of an air source heat pump. The condenser side of the air source heat pump is connected to the domestic hot water storage tank through a pipeline, which is used to improve the quality of the waste heat of compressed air and use it to heat domestic hot water after the indoor heating demand is met.

3. A high-altitude pressurized building heat energy cascade recovery and intelligent control system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The domestic hot water preparation and storage unit also includes a mixing valve and a circulating water pump. The second heat exchange device and the third heat exchange device form a circulation loop with the domestic hot water storage tank through pipelines. The intelligent control unit is configured to prioritize controlling the circulation loop to exchange heat with the third heat exchange device to utilize solar energy, and when the solar energy is insufficient, switch to exchanging heat with the second heat exchange device to utilize the system's waste heat.

4. The plateau pressurized building heat energy cascade recovery and intelligent control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The winter mode logic executed by the intelligent control unit is as follows: when the indoor temperature is lower than the heating set temperature, the pipeline switching valve is controlled to allow high-temperature compressed air to flow through the first heat exchange device to directly supply heating to the room; when the indoor temperature reaches the set value, the pipeline switching valve is controlled to allow the compressed air to be cooled by the compressed air cooling device before being sent into the room to maintain positive pressure in the building; at the same time, the air source heat pump is started or the valve connected to the second heat exchange device is opened to introduce the system's waste heat into the domestic hot water storage tank.

5. The plateau pressurized building heat energy cascade recovery and intelligent control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The summer mode logic executed by the intelligent control unit is as follows: During the day, the pipeline switching valve is controlled to allow all compressed air to flow through the compressed air cooling device to cool it down before being sent into the room, and the path to the first heat exchange device is closed. At the same time, all the waste heat generated by the system is introduced into the domestic hot water storage tank. At night, if the indoor temperature is lower than the set value, the winter mode heating logic is switched to be executed.

6. The plateau pressurized building heat energy cascade recovery and intelligent control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the waste heat recovery unit, a high-efficiency heat-conducting medium is filled between the waste heat exchange sleeve and the building water supply and drainage pipeline. The building exhaust duct is equipped with a regulating valve controlled by the intelligent control unit. When the intelligent control unit detects that the outdoor ambient temperature is below freezing, it automatically increases the opening of the regulating valve to ensure that sufficient exhaust heat is used for water pipeline antifreeze.

7. A method for high-altitude pressurized building heat energy cascade recovery and intelligent control applied to the system described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Heat source and demand status monitoring steps: Real-time monitoring of compressed air temperature, indoor ambient temperature, domestic hot water storage tank temperature and outdoor ambient temperature; Intelligent decision-making steps for operating modes: Based on the monitoring data, current time, and user settings, the central controller determines and selects the operating mode to be executed. Thermal energy cascade distribution and execution steps: If the system is in winter mode or summer night heating mode, the heat from the high-temperature compressed air will be used for indoor heating first. Once the indoor temperature reaches the target value, the remaining heat in the system will be transferred to the domestic hot water storage tank through the second heat exchange device and / or air source heat pump. If it is in summer daytime mode or no heating demand mode, the compressed air is cooled and sent directly into the building to maintain positive pressure, while all the waste heat generated by the system is introduced into the domestic hot water storage tank. In any mode, the building exhaust air is directed to the waste gas heat exchange jacket, and the residual heat is used to continuously insulate the building's water supply and drainage pipelines. Solar complementary process: Real-time monitoring and priority use of heat generated by solar collectors to heat domestic hot water. When solar heat is insufficient, automatic switching to use waste heat from the system for supplementation.

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