Bolt fastening system, bus joint and power transmission system

Abstract

The invention discloses a bolt fastening system, a bus joint and a power transmission system, and the bolt fastening system comprises at least one strain gauge which is disposed on a gasket and generates an output voltage in response to the deformation of the gasket; the data processing module comprises a data processing unit for calculating the torque of the bolt through the output voltage; the determination unit determines that the bolt fastening system is in a normal state when the calculated torque is greater than a threshold torque, and determines that the bolt fastening system is in an abnormal state when the calculated torque is less than or equal to the threshold torque. The tightening degree of the bolt fastening system can be monitored in real time through the output of the strain gauge, and the strain gauge is arranged on the gasket, so that the mechanical strength is not reduced or the insulating property is not changed, and the bolt fastening system is easy to install.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a bolt fastening system, a busbar joint, and a power transmission system; more specifically, it relates to a bolt fastening system with higher reliability and a corresponding busbar joint and power transmission system. Background Technology

[0002] When transmitting power over long distances, busbar joints are required to electrically connect multiple busbar sections together. The busbar joint uses a bolt fastening system to make the connecting bar contact and electrically connect with the corresponding two busbar sections, thereby electrically connecting the corresponding two busbar sections.

[0003] Bolt tightening systems can loosen, leading to poor contact between the busbar and the connector, which in turn reduces the reliability of the power transmission system and may even cause safety hazards due to a sharp increase in temperature. Therefore, monitoring the tightness of the bolt tightening system is necessary. However, in the current technology, monitoring the tightness of the bolt tightening system can lead to some new problems, such as requiring multiple disassemblies and reassemblies, altering the internal insulation properties of the busbar joints, and reducing mechanical strength.

[0004] Therefore, it is desirable to propose a bolt fastening system and a corresponding busbar joint and power transmission system to improve the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a bolt fastening system is provided, comprising: a fastening assembly including: a bolt; a nut cooperating with the bolt; a washer having a through hole through which the bolt passes; wherein the bolt fastening system further comprises: at least one strain gauge disposed on the washer and configured to generate an output voltage in response to deformation of the washer; a data processing module connected to the strain gauge and receiving the output voltage from the strain gauge, and comprising: a data processing unit configured to calculate the torque of the bolt using the output voltage; and a determination unit configured to compare the torque calculated by the data processing unit with a threshold torque, and determine the fastening state of the bolt fastening system based on the comparison result.

[0006] According to this scheme, by placing strain gauges on the gaskets, the deformation of the gaskets can be monitored in real time. The deformation of the gaskets characterizes the tightness of the bolt fastening system; therefore, the tightness of the bolt fastening system can be monitored in real time through the output of the strain gauges. Furthermore, because the strain gauges are placed on the gaskets, they do not reduce mechanical strength or change insulation properties, and are easy to install.

[0007] In some solutions, the data processing module may also include a temperature compensation unit configured to correct for changes in the output voltage caused by temperature variations in the strain gauge.

[0008] According to this scheme, even if the temperature of the bolt fastening system changes, accurate calculation results can be obtained through the temperature compensation unit, thereby ensuring the accuracy of monitoring the tightness of the bolt fastening system. In some schemes, the bolt fastening system may include two strain gauges, which are symmetrically arranged about the through hole.

[0009] According to this scheme, symmetrically arranged strain gauges can offset the data deviation caused by bolt eccentricity.

[0010] In some schemes, the determination unit is configured to determine that the bolt fastening system is in a normal state when the torque calculated by the data processing unit is greater than the threshold torque, and to determine that the bolt fastening system is in an abnormal state when the torque calculated by the data processing unit is less than or equal to the threshold torque.

[0011] In some schemes, the output voltage is corrected by the functional relationship between the output voltage of the strain gauge and temperature, thereby correcting the torque calculated by the data processing unit.

[0012] In some schemes, the output voltage is corrected by using a lookup table of the strain gauge's output voltage and temperature, thereby correcting the torque calculated by the data processing unit. The lookup table records the corrected values ​​of the strain gauge's output voltage at different temperatures.

[0013] In some designs, the fastening system may also include a temperature sensor mounted on the gasket.

[0014] In some solutions, the data processing module can be mounted on the gasket.

[0015] According to this scheme, the data processing module can easily receive information from the strain gauge and easily obtain the temperature of the strain gauge for temperature compensation calculation.

[0016] In some solutions, the data processing module can be set remotely relative to the gasket.

[0017] In some schemes, the data processing module may also include a correction unit configured to correct the output voltage of the strain gauge to 0 when the gasket does not deform.

[0018] According to this scheme, by comparing the output voltage of the strain gauge with that when the gasket is not loaded, the influence of the different initial deformation of the strain gauge on the torque calculation results can be eliminated, making the state determination of the bolt fastening system more accurate.

[0019] In some solutions, the data processing module and the strain gauge can communicate with each other via wired or wireless means.

[0020] In some designs, strain gauges can be bonded to gaskets using silicone.

[0021] According to the scheme, silicone is a high-temperature resistant and aging-resistant material, which is particularly suitable for the insulation, sealing and bonding of bus joints that may generate heat during operation.

[0022] In some designs, the gasket may have a groove into which the strain gauge is embedded.

[0023] According to a second aspect of the invention, a busbar joint is provided, comprising: at least one bolt fastening system according to a first aspect of the invention; one or more connecting bars, each connecting bar configured to contact corresponding two busbar segments to electrically connect the corresponding two busbar segments together, the bolt fastening system being configured to apply pressure to each connecting bar towards the corresponding two busbar segments.

[0024] According to this scheme, by installing strain gauges on the gaskets, the deformation of the gaskets can be monitored in real time. The deformation of the gaskets characterizes the tightness of the bolt fastening system. Therefore, the tightness of the bolt fastening system can be monitored in real time through the output of the strain gauges, thereby enabling real-time monitoring of the electrical connection status of the busbar joints. Furthermore, because the strain gauges are installed on the gaskets, they do not reduce mechanical strength or alter insulation performance, and are easy to install.

[0025] In some embodiments, the busbar joint may include: a plurality of bolt fastening systems according to the first aspect of the invention; a fault indication module, connected to a determination unit of each bolt fastening system, configured to indicate a bolt fastening system in an abnormal state among the plurality of bolt fastening systems.

[0026] According to this scheme, when a bolt loosening occurs, the location of the fault can be determined in real time.

[0027] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a power transmission system is provided, comprising: a bus joint as described in the second aspect of the present invention; multiple bus sections, wherein corresponding two bus sections are electrically connected together via the bus joint.

[0028] In some schemes, the power transmission system also includes multiple data transmission nodes, each corresponding to a specific bus joint. The judgment result of the judgment unit is transmitted to the corresponding data transmission node, and each data transmission node communicates with each other and transmits data to the data terminal.

[0029] In some schemes, data transmission nodes can be connected via wired data lines, which extend side-by-side with the bus.

[0030] In some schemes, data transmission nodes can communicate with each other wirelessly.

[0031] In some solutions, the data terminal may include an alarm configured to output an alarm signal when the determination unit determines that the bolt fastening system is in an abnormal state.

[0032] In some designs, the temperature sensor can be powered by the current carried by the bus. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a power transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0034] Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of a bolt fastening system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic block diagram of a data processing module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of data transmission in a power transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0037] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of data transmission in a power transmission system according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0038] Figure label:

[0039] 1. Power transmission system

[0040] 10 Busbar Connectors

[0041] 12 Connecting Rows

[0042] 14 Insulation Board

[0043] 20 busbars

[0044] 100 Bolt Fastening System

[0045] 101 First Bolt Fastening System

[0046] 102 Second Bolt Fastening System

[0047] 110 bolts

[0048] 120 nuts

[0049] 130 gasket

[0050] 132 Through Hole

[0051] 140 strain gauge

[0052] 150 Data Processing Module

[0053] 152 Data Processing Units

[0054] 156 Decision Units

[0055] 158 Temperature Compensation Unit

[0056] 160 Temperature Sensor

[0057] 210 Data Transmission Nodes

[0058] 220 data cable

[0059] 230 Data Terminal Detailed Implementation

[0060] To make the objectives, solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise stated, the terms used herein have their ordinary meanings in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same parts.

[0061] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a power transmission system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The power transmission system 1 transmits power via busbars 20. For example, in a three-phase four-wire circuit, the power transmission system 1 transmits power to three phase lines and one ground line via four sets of busbars 20 extending approximately side by side.

[0062] For long-distance power transmission (e.g., in a factory production workshop, busbars can be installed in a busbar gallery located on the roof), the distance between each busbar segment 20 cannot be too long. Therefore, multiple busbar segments 20 need to be electrically connected together through busbar joints 10. It should be understood that, although Figure 1 The diagram shows two busbar segments 20 electrically connected together, but the invention is not intended to limit the number of busbar segments; three, four, or any number of busbar segments 20 can be designed according to specific power transmission requirements. Furthermore, although... Figure 1 A 4P circuit is shown, but the invention is not limited thereto. The invention can also be applied to any other suitable type of circuit, such as 1P, 2P, 3P, etc.

[0063] The busbar connector 10 includes a connecting bar 12, an insulating plate 14, and a bolt fastening system 100. Each connecting bar 12 is configured to contact two corresponding busbar segments 20, thereby electrically connecting the two busbar segments 20 together. The insulating plate 14 is arranged around the connecting bar 12 to prevent the current carried by the connecting bar 12 from being transmitted to the outside and causing a safety hazard, and to prevent the current carried by the connecting bar 12 from being transmitted to another phase line and causing a phase-to-phase short circuit. The bolt fastening system 100 mainly includes bolts 110, nuts 120 that mate with the bolts 110, and washers 130. The washers 130 have through holes 132 for the bolts 110 to pass through. The bolt fastening system 100 can be tightened to apply pressure to each connecting bar 12 toward the two corresponding busbar segments 20, so as to make the electrical contact between the connecting bar 12 and the corresponding busbar 20 more reliable. The washers 130 can be made of a metallic material, such as hexaphosphosilicate dimanganese.

[0064] However, the tightened bolt fastening system 100 may loosen, leading to increased contact resistance between the connecting busbar 12 and the busbar 20. This can decrease the reliability of the power transmission system 1 and even pose a safety hazard due to a rapid increase in temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the tightness of the bolt fastening system 100 in real time. To this end, the bolt fastening system 100 proposed in this invention also includes a strain gauge 140 disposed on a gasket 130 and a data processing module 150 communicatively connected to the strain gauge 140. Communication between the strain gauge 140 and the data processing module 150 can be achieved via wired (e.g., data transmission cable) or wireless transmission (e.g., WiFi, ZigBee, NFC, Bluetooth, etc.). Furthermore, the strain gauge 140 can be bonded to the gasket 130 with silicone (e.g., high-temperature resistant liquid silicone). Silicone is a high-temperature resistant and aging-resistant material, particularly suitable for the insulation, sealing, and bonding of busbar joints 10 that may generate heat during operation. Alternatively, the gasket 130 may have a groove into which the strain gauge 140 is embedded. By installing a strain gauge 140 on the gasket 130, the deformation of the gasket 130 can be monitored in real time. The deformation of the gasket 130 characterizes the tightness of the bolt fastening system 100. Therefore, the tightness of the bolt fastening system 100 can be monitored in real time through the output of the strain gauge 140. Furthermore, because the strain gauge 140 is installed on the gasket 130, it does not reduce the mechanical strength of the busbar joint 10 or change its insulation performance, and the strain gauge 140 is easy to install.

[0065] The strain gauge 140 generates an output voltage in response to its own strain. Because the strain gauge 140 is disposed on the gasket 130, the strain of the strain gauge 140 is related to the deformation of the gasket 130. Therefore, the strain gauge 140 can output voltage in response to the deformation of the gasket 130. The output voltage of the strain gauge 140 reflects the deformation of the gasket 130, and the deformation of the gasket 130 is related to the tightness of the bolt fastening system 100. Therefore, the output voltage of the strain gauge 140 reflects the tightness of the bolt fastening system 100.

[0066] like Figure 3 As shown, the data processing module 150 mainly includes a data processing unit 152 and a determination unit 156. The data processing module 150 can be, for example, a chip, and the data processing unit 152 and the determination unit 156 can be integrated on the chip. The data processing unit 152 calculates the torque of the bolt 110 based on the output voltage of the strain gauge 140. The torque of the bolt 110 characterizes the tightening force of the bolt 110 and thus the degree of tightening of the bolt fastening system 100. Under ideal conditions, the output voltage of the strain gauge 140 is linearly related to the torque of the bolt 110. The determination unit 156 compares the torque of the bolt 110 calculated by the data processing unit 152 with a threshold torque, which corresponds to the lower limit of the degree of tightening of the bolt fastening system 100. For example, the threshold torque can be equal to 80%, 60%, or 50% of the maximum torque (corresponding to the fully tightened state), etc. When the torque of the bolt 110 calculated by the data processing unit 152 is greater than the threshold torque, the determination unit 156 determines that the bolt fastening system 100 is in a normal (tightened) state; when the torque of the bolt 110 calculated by the data processing unit 152 is less than or equal to the threshold torque, the determination unit 156 determines that the bolt fastening system 100 is in an abnormal (loose) state.

[0067] Preferably, the bolt fastening system 100 may include two strain gauges 140, which are symmetrically arranged about the through hole 132 of the gasket 130. The symmetrical arrangement of the strain gauges 140 can offset the data deviation caused by the eccentricity of the bolt 110, so that the data received by the data processing module 150 is only related to the tightness of the bolt fastening system 100, and is not related to the eccentricity of the bolt 110.

[0068] During power transmission, the temperature of busbar 20 may gradually rise, causing the temperature of gasket 130 to rise as well. This leads to thermal expansion of gasket 130, which in turn causes deformation of strain gauge 140 mounted on gasket 130. Therefore, the output voltage of strain gauge 140 changes with temperature, undesirably affecting the torque of bolt 110 calculated by data processing module 150 due to temperature variations. Preferably, data processing module 150 may further include a temperature compensation unit 158 ​​configured to correct for temperature-induced changes in the torque calculated by data processing unit 152. Bolt tightening system 100 may include a temperature sensor 160 mounted on gasket 130 to sense its temperature. Temperature compensation unit 158 ​​calculates the corresponding bolt 110 torque based on the sensed temperature and the output voltage of strain gauge 140 at that temperature. Thus, even if the temperature of bolt tightening system 100 changes, accurate calculation results can be obtained through temperature compensation unit 158, ensuring the accuracy of monitoring the tightening degree of bolt tightening system 100. Preferably, the data processing module 150 can be disposed on the gasket 130. This allows the data processing module 150 to easily receive information from the strain gauge 140 and easily obtain the temperature of the strain gauge 140 for temperature compensation calculations in the temperature compensation unit 158. Alternatively, the data processing module 150 can be disposed remotely relative to the gasket 130.

[0069] Temperature sensor 160 can be powered by a built-in battery. Alternatively, temperature sensor 160 can also be powered by the current carried by bus 20. For example, temperature sensor 160 is connected to bus 20 via a power line to receive the current supplied by bus 20. In addition, temperature sensor 160 can also receive the electromagnetic field radiated outward by the current carried by bus 20, through which the electromagnetic field provides energy to temperature sensor 160 to enable normal operation.

[0070] Optionally, the temperature compensation unit 158 ​​can store the functional relationship between the output voltage of the strain gauge 140 and the temperature. The output voltage of the strain gauge 140 is corrected based on this functional relationship, thereby correcting the torque of the bolt 110 calculated by the data processing unit 152. Specifically, the output voltage y of the strain gauge 140... t The functional relationship with temperature t can be shown in the following formula:

[0071]

[0072] Among them, y t It is the output voltage signal, t is the temperature, and a is the output voltage signal. i These are the fitting coefficients. Generally, N does not exceed 4.

[0073] The output voltage y at different temperatures t can be measured without the pad 130 being loaded. t The fitting coefficient 'a' in the above equation can be obtained through fitting (e.g., least squares method). i When busbar 20 operates at high temperature, the output voltage y of strain gauge 140 is first obtained, and the output voltage y of strain gauge 140 when unloaded at that temperature is obtained based on the temperature of busbar 20 and the above formula. t Then compare the output voltage y with the output voltage y at that temperature when no load is applied. t yy t The output voltage y0 after temperature correction is obtained, and finally the torque of bolt 110 is calculated based on the output voltage y0 after temperature correction.

[0074] Under ideal conditions, the resistance value of the resistor installed inside the strain gauge 140 is linearly related to the temperature, and the output voltage of the strain gauge 140 is linearly related to the resistance value of the resistor. Therefore, the output voltage of the strain gauge 140 is linearly related to the temperature. For example, the functional relationship between the output voltage y of the strain gauge 140 and the temperature t can be y=kt+b, where the parameters k and b can be obtained through calibration or derived from relevant formulas.

[0075] Alternatively, the temperature compensation unit 158 ​​may store a lookup table of the output voltage and temperature of the strain gauge 140. The output voltage of the strain gauge 140 is corrected using this lookup table, thereby correcting the torque of the bolt 110 calculated by the data processing unit 152. Specifically, as shown in Table 1, the lookup table may contain correction values ​​for the output voltage of the strain gauge 140 at multiple different temperatures (e.g., 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, etc.). For example, the lookup table can be obtained through experimentation or simulation.

[0076] Table 1

[0077] 3V 4V 5V 20℃ 0V 0V 0V 30℃ -0.1V -0.2V -0.3V 40℃ -0.2V -0.3V -0.4V

[0078] For example, when the temperature sensor 160 reads a temperature of 30°C and the strain gauge 140 outputs a voltage of 3V, the correction value can be obtained from Table 1 as -0.1V. In this case, the output voltage should be corrected to 2.9V. Similarly, when the temperature sensor 160 reads a temperature of 40°C and the strain gauge 140 outputs a voltage of 4V, the correction value can be obtained from Table 1 as -0.3V. In this case, the output voltage should be corrected to 3.7V. Furthermore, if the readings of the temperature sensor 160 and the output voltage of the strain gauge 140 do not exactly match the data in the lookup table, the corresponding correction value can be obtained through, for example, linear interpolation, and then the appropriate correction can be performed.

[0079] Preferably, the data processing module 150 may further include a correction unit that stores the output voltage (zero-point voltage) of the strain gauge 140 when the gasket 130 is not deformed (e.g., when the gasket 130 is not assembled into the bolt fastening system 100), and corrects the output voltage of the strain gauge 140 based on the stored unloaded output voltage. For example, the output voltage of the strain gauge 140 can be subtracted from the aforementioned zero-point voltage to obtain the corrected output voltage. By comparing it with the unloaded output voltage, the influence of different initial deformations of the strain gauge 140 on the torque calculation results can be eliminated, making the state determination of the bolt fastening system 100 more accurate.

[0080] Preferably, such as Figure 5 As shown, when the bus joint 10 includes multiple bolt fastening systems 101 and 102, the bus joint 10 may also include a fault indication module. The fault indication module is communicatively connected to the determination unit 156 of each bolt fastening system 100. The fault indication module is configured to indicate which bolt fastening system 101 or 102 is in an abnormal state. In this way, when a bolt loosening fault occurs, the location of the fault can be quickly determined, allowing for appropriate maintenance operations.

[0081] During the initial assembly phase of busbar 20, strain gauge 140 and data processing module 150 can be powered by a battery, allowing operators to test the tightness of busbar connector 10 while it is being installed. For example, an indicator light can be connected to strain gauge 140 and powered by its output voltage. When the output voltage of strain gauge 140 is sufficiently high (indicating that the busbar connector 10 is sufficiently tightened), the indicator light illuminates to indicate that the busbar connector 10 is properly tightened. For a fully assembled busbar 20, strain gauge 140 and data processing module 150 can be powered by an external power source.

[0082] like Figure 4 As shown, each bus joint 10 may also include a corresponding data transmission node 210. The output voltage of the strain gauge 140 and the temperature data of the temperature sensor 160 on each gasket 130 are transmitted to the corresponding data transmission node 210. Each data transmission node 210 communicates with each other and transmits the data to the data terminal 230. Alternatively, the data transmission node 210 may not be located on the bus joint 10, but may be communicatively connected to the bus joint 10. Furthermore, the data transmission node 210 may only receive the judgment result of the judgment unit 156, and not receive the output voltage of the strain gauge 140 and the temperature data of the temperature sensor 160, which can reduce the amount of data transmission and improve the operating efficiency of the system.

[0083] like Figure 5As shown, the output voltage of the strain gauges 140 and the temperature data of the temperature sensors 160 on multiple bolt fastening systems 100 on the same bus joint 10 can be serially transmitted to the corresponding data transmission node 210. In other words, the data of the first bolt fastening system 101 is first transmitted to the second bolt fastening system 102, and then the second bolt fastening system 102 transmits its own data and the data of the first bolt fastening system 101 together to the data transmission node 210.

[0084] Alternatively, the output voltage of strain gauges 140 and the temperature data of temperature sensors 160 on multiple bolt fastening systems 100 on the same bus joint 10 can be transmitted in parallel to the corresponding data transmission nodes. In other words, the first bolt fastening system 101 and the second bolt fastening system 102 respectively transmit their respective data directly to the data transmission node 210.

[0085] Data transmission nodes 210 can be wiredly connected via data cables 220 (e.g., USB, HDMI, VGA, DVI, etc.), with the data cables 220 extending side-by-side with the bus 20. Alternatively, data transmission nodes 210 can communicate wirelessly; for example, a data transmission node 210 can be a gateway, and different gateways can communicate via wireless communication methods such as WiFi, NFC, Bluetooth, Zigbee, etc. It should be understood that, although... Figure 4 and Figure 5 The diagram shows that the data transmission nodes 210 communicate with each other in a serial manner, but the data transmission nodes 210 can also communicate with each other in a parallel manner.

[0086] Data terminal 230 may include an alarm configured to output an alarm signal when determination unit 156 determines that bolt tightening system 100 is in an abnormal state. The alarm signal may be, for example, a light emitted by an indicator light, an audible sound emitted by a speaker, etc., and the user can respond to the alarm signal by taking appropriate maintenance actions (e.g., further tightening bolt 110). Although Figure 4 and Figure 5 The data terminal 230 shown is a computer, but the present invention is not intended to limit the specific form of the data terminal 230. The data terminal 230 may also be any other suitable device, such as a smartphone.

[0087] This document describes in detail several exemplary embodiments of the present invention with reference to preferred embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and alterations can be made to the above specific embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, and various technical features and structures proposed in the present invention can be combined without exceeding the protection scope of the present invention, which is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A bolt fastening system, comprising: Fastening components, including bolt; Nut, which mates with the bolt; The gasket has a through hole through which the bolt passes; The bolt fastening system further includes: At least one strain gauge is disposed on the gasket and configured to generate an output voltage in response to the deformation of the gasket; A data processing module, connected to the strain gauge and receiving the output voltage from the strain gauge, includes: The data processing unit is configured to calculate the torque of the bolt based on the output voltage; The determination unit is configured to compare the torque calculated by the data processing unit with a threshold torque, and determine the tightening state of the bolt fastening system based on the comparison result.

2. The bolt fastening system according to claim 1, wherein the data processing module further comprises a temperature compensation unit configured to correct for changes in the output voltage caused by temperature variations of the strain gauge.

3. The bolt fastening system according to claim 2, wherein the output voltage is corrected by the functional relationship between the output voltage of the strain gauge and temperature, thereby correcting the torque calculated by the data processing unit.

4. The bolt fastening system according to claim 2, wherein the output voltage is corrected by a lookup table to correct the torque calculated by the data processing unit, and the lookup table records the correction value of the output voltage of the strain gauge at different temperatures.

5. The bolt fastening system according to claim 2 further includes a temperature sensor disposed on the gasket.

6. The bolt fastening system according to claim 1, wherein the bolt fastening system comprises two strain gauges, the two strain gauges being symmetrically arranged about the through hole.

7. The bolt fastening system according to claim 1, wherein the determination unit is configured to determine that the bolt fastening system is in a normal state when the torque calculated by the data processing unit is greater than the threshold torque, and to determine that the bolt fastening system is in an abnormal state when the torque calculated by the data processing unit is less than or equal to the threshold torque.

8. The bolt fastening system of claim 1, wherein the data processing module further comprises a correction unit configured to correct the output voltage of the strain gauge to 0 when the gasket does not deform.

9. The bolt fastening system according to claim 1, wherein the data processing module is disposed on the gasket.

10. The bolt fastening system of claim 1, wherein the data processing module is remotely disposed relative to the gasket.

11. The bolt fastening system according to claim 1, wherein the data processing module is connected to the strain gauge via wired or wireless communication.

12. The bolt fastening system of claim 1, wherein the strain gauge is bonded to the gasket by silicone.

13. The bolt fastening system of claim 1, wherein the gasket is provided with a groove and the strain gauge is embedded in the groove.

14. A busbar connector, comprising: At least one bolt fastening system according to any one of claims 1 to 13; Multiple connecting rows, each of the connecting rows being configured to contact corresponding two busbar segments to electrically connect the corresponding two busbar segments together, and the bolt fastening system being configured to apply pressure to each of the connecting rows toward the corresponding two busbar segments.

15. The busbar connector according to claim 14, comprising: Multiple bolt fastening systems according to any one of claims 1 to 13; The fault indication module is connected to the determination unit of each of the bolt fastening systems and is configured to indicate the bolt fastening systems in the abnormal state among the multiple bolt fastening systems.

16. A power transmission system, comprising: Busbar connector according to claim 14 or 15; Multiple busbars, with corresponding two busbars electrically connected together through the busbar connector.

17. The power transmission system according to claim 16 further includes multiple data transmission nodes, each data transmission node transmitting the determination result of the determination unit corresponding to the corresponding bus joint to the corresponding data transmission node, and each data transmission node communicating with each other and transmitting data to the data terminal.

18. The power transmission system of claim 17, wherein data transmission nodes are wiredly connected by data lines extending side-by-side with the busbar.

19. The power transmission system according to claim 17, wherein the data transmission nodes communicate with each other via wireless communication.

20. The power transmission system of claim 17, wherein the data terminal includes an alarm configured to output an alarm signal when the determination unit determines that the bolt fastening system is in the abnormal state.

21. The power transmission system of claim 16, wherein the bolt fastening system further comprises a temperature sensor disposed on the gasket, the temperature sensor being powered by the current carried by the busbar.

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