Lightning protection grounding body corrosion state on-line diagnosis and early warning system

Abstract

The invention discloses a lightning protection grounding body corrosion state online diagnosis and early warning system, which comprises a microbial activity monitoring module, an electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module, a soil environment parameter monitoring module, a data fusion analysis module and an intelligent early warning module, the data fusion analysis module completes corrosion state diagnosis through linkage of microbial activity influence factors, a polarization resistance correction formula and a corrosion risk grade evaluation formula, and the intelligent early warning module outputs early warning information. The system solves the problem that in the prior art, the synergistic effect of microorganisms and electrochemistry is ignored, accurate diagnosis and early warning of the corrosion state are achieved, and the system is suitable for lightning protection monitoring of various key facilities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the interdisciplinary field of lightning protection technology, intelligent monitoring and electrochemical corrosion technology, and specifically relates to an online diagnosis and early warning system for the corrosion status of lightning protection grounding electrodes. Background Technology

[0002] Lightning protection grounding electrodes are core components that protect buildings and critical facilities from lightning strikes. Their corrosion status directly affects the effectiveness of the lightning protection system and equipment safety. Existing lightning protection grounding electrode corrosion monitoring technologies mainly focus on monitoring single-dimensional electrochemical parameters, judging the corrosion status solely through parameters such as polarization resistance and corrosion potential, while neglecting the crucial influence of microorganisms in the soil environment. The metabolic activities of microorganisms such as sulfate-reducing bacteria in the soil produce corrosive products such as hydrogen sulfide, which damage the passivation film on the grounding electrode surface and alter the electrochemical polarization characteristics of the grounding electrode surface, causing the measured polarization resistance value to deviate from the true value. Furthermore, the potential difference generated by electrochemical polarization further promotes microbial attachment and metabolic activity, forming a vicious cycle of microbial metabolism and electrochemical polarization. This synergistic effect makes the existing single electrochemical monitoring scheme have a very high misdiagnosis rate in corrosion diagnosis in microbially active areas such as farmland and wetlands, failing to accurately capture the true corrosion status of the grounding electrode, resulting in delayed early warnings and difficulty in preventing hidden corrosion failure risks in advance.

[0003] Based on the above problems, there is an urgent need for an online diagnostic and early warning technology for corrosion status that can take into account the synergistic effects of microbial activity and electrochemical parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing an online diagnosis and early warning system for the corrosion status of lightning protection grounding conductors. This system includes a microbial activity monitoring module, an electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module, a soil environmental parameter monitoring module, a data fusion analysis module, and an intelligent early warning module. The microbial activity monitoring module collects the concentration of microbial metabolites and microbial respiration rate. The electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module collects corrosion potential, anodic polarization slope, cathodic polarization slope, and polarization resistance. The soil environmental parameter monitoring module collects soil pH and soil redox potential. These modules simultaneously collect the aforementioned parameters and transmit them to the data fusion analysis module. The data fusion analysis module quantifies the synergistic effect between microbial activity and the soil environment by constructing a microbial activity influencing factor, eliminates the interference of microbial activity on polarization resistance through a polarization resistance correction formula, and quantifies corrosion risk through a corrosion risk level assessment formula. The intelligent early warning module receives the corrosion risk quantification results output by the data fusion analysis module and outputs early warning information. The microbial activity influencing factor, the polarization resistance correction formula, and the corrosion risk level assessment formula work together to complete the corrosion status diagnosis.

[0005] Preferably, the microbial activity monitoring module employs an electrochemical sensor, which has real-time acquisition and data caching functions, and is deployed in the microbial active area around the grounding body.

[0006] More preferably, the electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module uses a potentiodynamic scanning method to collect the corrosion potential, the anodic polarization slope, the cathodic polarization slope, and the polarization resistance. The electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module is connected to the grounding electrode and the auxiliary test pile. The monitoring process of the electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module does not require disconnecting the grounding circuit.

[0007] More preferably, the acquisition end of the soil environmental parameter monitoring module and the electrochemical sensor of the microbial activity monitoring module are deployed in the same location, and the soil environmental parameter monitoring module synchronously acquires the soil pH value and the soil redox potential and transmits them to the data fusion analysis module.

[0008] More preferably, the microbial activity influencing factor is calculated by a specific formula, which integrates the effects of microbial metabolite concentration, microbial respiration rate, soil pH and soil redox potential, and the weight and coefficient of each parameter are determined by experimental calibration.

[0009] More preferably, the polarization resistance correction formula is used to correct the actual measured polarization resistance. The formula incorporates the influence of microbial activity factors, anodic polarization slope, cathodic polarization slope, and corrosion potential to ensure that the polarization resistance can truly reflect the corrosion state of the grounding body.

[0010] In a further preferred embodiment, the corrosion risk assessment formula is used to quantify corrosion risk. The formula integrates the synergistic effects of the modified polarization resistance, microbial activity influencing factors, soil redox potential, and soil pH to form a dimensionless corrosion risk assessment value.

[0011] Preferably, the data fusion analysis module reserves a standard communication interface, which includes a Modbus interface and an MQTT interface. The data fusion analysis module connects to the building intelligent management system and the urban safety monitoring platform through the standard communication interface. The data fusion analysis module supports 485 communication mode to connect to the communication module for networking.

[0012] Further preferably, the intelligent early warning module can be switched to a high-sensitivity monitoring mode, the intelligent early warning module has a remote early warning information push function, the intelligent early warning module is suitable for unattended scenarios, the system can be connected to a solar power supply system, the system uses mains power or DC power supply, and the system is suitable for high-risk and hard-to-reach places and places where personnel cannot enter but lightning protection monitoring is critical.

[0013] Preferably, the data fusion analysis module has local data storage and remote data transmission functions; the acquisition frequency of the microbial activity monitoring module, the electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module, and the soil environmental parameter monitoring module is adjustable; and the intelligent early warning module classifies risk levels according to the corrosion risk quantification results, including low risk level, medium risk level, and high risk level.

[0014] Technical Effects: This invention captures key parameters of microbial metabolism by setting up a microbial activity monitoring module. Combined with electrochemical polarization parameters and soil environmental parameters, and through simultaneous acquisition and linked formula calculations of these three parameters, it eliminates the interference of microbial activity on electrochemical monitoring, solving the diagnostic misjudgment problem caused by neglecting the synergistic effect between microbial metabolism and electrochemical polarization in existing technologies. Its innovation lies in the first-time inclusion of microbial activity parameters into the lightning protection grounding electrode corrosion monitoring system. Through multi-formula linkage, it achieves multi-parameter synergistic analysis, improving the accuracy and reliability of corrosion status diagnosis and providing effective protection for the safe operation of lightning protection grounding electrodes. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a connection block diagram of the online diagnosis and early warning system for the corrosion status of lightning protection grounding electrodes in this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the lightning protection grounding electrode corrosion status online diagnosis and early warning system of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0017] Traditional monitoring systems only collect electrochemical parameters and ignore the synergistic effect of microbial activity and electrochemical polarization. This leads to a high misdiagnosis rate in corrosion diagnosis of microbial active areas, and cannot accurately reflect the true corrosion status of the grounding body. Delayed early warning can easily lead to hidden corrosion failure.

[0018] Based on this, please refer to Figure 1-2This embodiment provides an online diagnosis and early warning system for the corrosion status of lightning protection grounding electrodes, including a microbial activity monitoring module, an electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module, a soil environmental parameter monitoring module, a data fusion analysis module, and an intelligent early warning module. The microbial activity monitoring module collects the concentration of microbial metabolites and microbial respiration rate. The electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module collects corrosion potential, anodic polarization slope, cathodic polarization slope, and polarization resistance. The soil environmental parameter monitoring module collects soil pH and soil redox potential. The microbial activity monitoring module, the electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module, and the soil environmental parameter monitoring module simultaneously collect the above parameters and transmit them to the data fusion analysis module. The data fusion analysis module quantifies the synergistic effect of microbial activity and soil environment by constructing a microbial activity influencing factor, eliminates the interference of microbial activity on polarization resistance by a polarization resistance correction formula, and quantifies corrosion risk by a corrosion risk level assessment formula. The intelligent early warning module receives the corrosion risk quantification results output by the data fusion analysis module and outputs early warning information. The microbial activity influencing factor, the polarization resistance correction formula, and the corrosion risk level assessment formula work together to complete the corrosion status diagnosis. This solution addresses the limitations of single-parameter monitoring by simultaneously collecting data from multiple modules and linking multiple formulas, enabling comprehensive diagnosis of corrosion status and providing accurate data support for early warning.

[0019] The core design logic of the entire system lies in breaking through the limitations of traditional single-parameter monitoring and establishing a three-in-one collaborative monitoring and analysis system integrating microorganisms, electrochemistry, and soil environment. Through synchronous collaboration between modules and progressive linkage of formulas, a closed loop is formed from parameter acquisition to risk quantification, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of corrosion status diagnosis. The following will elaborate on the specific implementation methods of each module, the parameter interaction logic, and the design basis, derivation process, and creative implementation of the formulas.

[0020] The microbial activity monitoring module, as the core unit for capturing the impact of microbial metabolism, must ensure the accuracy and continuity of parameter acquisition to meet the basic data requirements for subsequent formula calculations. This module employs a three-electrode electrochemical sensor, which features fast response and high stability, making it suitable for long-term monitoring in complex soil environments. The sensor's working electrode is a platinum sheet electrode, the auxiliary electrode is a platinum wire electrode, and the reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode. The coordinated operation of these three electrodes effectively reduces environmental interference and improves the accuracy of parameter acquisition. The sensors are deployed in the microbial active area around the grounding electrode. The specific deployment location needs to be determined based on the soil type and the layout of the grounding electrode, generally 5-10 cm from the surface of the grounding electrode, with one sensor deployed every 2 meters along the axis of the grounding electrode to form a distributed acquisition network, ensuring comprehensive capture of the spatial distribution characteristics of microbial activity around the grounding electrode.

[0021] The sensor's real-time data acquisition function is achieved through a built-in low-power signal acquisition circuit. This circuit uses a high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADS1256) with a sampling frequency of 10Hz, enabling real-time capture of dynamic changes in microbial metabolite concentration and respiration rate. Data caching is implemented by the sensor's built-in Flash memory chip, with a storage capacity of 8GB, capable of caching 72 hours of continuous data acquisition to prevent data loss due to transmission interruptions. During acquisition, the sensor converts microbial metabolite concentration and respiration rate into electrical signals through electrochemical reactions. For example, hydrogen sulfide produced by microbial metabolism undergoes a redox reaction with the working electrode surface, generating a corresponding current signal. The intensity of this current signal is positively correlated with the metabolite concentration; the current signal can be converted into a metabolite concentration value using a calibration curve. The respiration rate is indirectly obtained by monitoring the rate at which microorganisms consume oxygen. The sensor's built-in oxygen electrode can detect changes in dissolved oxygen content in the soil in real time, and the respiration rate is calculated by combining this with the rate of change over time.

[0022] The core task of the electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module is to accurately acquire corrosion potential, anodic polarization slope, cathodic polarization slope, and polarization resistance, providing raw data for subsequent polarization resistance correction. This module employs a potentiodynamic scanning method for parameter acquisition, specifically through an electrochemical workstation (CHI660E). This workstation features high resolution and low noise, meeting the high-precision measurement requirements of corrosion electrochemical parameters. The module is connected as follows: the working electrode terminal of the electrochemical workstation is connected to the exposed metal test point on the grounding electrode surface; the reference electrode terminal is connected to the saturated calomel electrode; and the auxiliary electrode terminal is connected to the platinum auxiliary electrode. The saturated calomel electrode and the platinum auxiliary electrode are fixed in the soil within a 1-meter radius of the grounding electrode and maintained at the same horizontal level as the test point on the grounding electrode to ensure a consistent measurement environment.

[0023] The specific implementation procedure of the potentiodynamic scanning method is as follows: First, the scanning range is set to -0.2V to +0.2V (relative to the corrosion potential), and the scanning rate is 0.1667mV / s. This scanning rate ensures the accuracy of the acquired data while avoiding over-polarization caused by excessive scanning speed. During the scanning process, the electrochemical workstation applies a continuously changing potential signal between the grounding electrode and the auxiliary electrode, and simultaneously measures the corresponding current response signal to form a polarization curve. The corrosion potential is the stable open-circuit potential before the start of the scan, which is obtained through the open-circuit potential monitoring function of the electrochemical workstation. The monitoring time is 30 minutes to ensure that the potential reaches a stable state. The anodic and cathodic polarization slopes were obtained by fitting the linear portions of the polarization curves. Specifically, the linear segments of the anodic polarization curve with current densities from 10⁻⁵ A / cm² to 10⁻⁴ A / cm² and the linear segments of the cathodic polarization curve with current densities from -10⁻⁵ A / cm² to -10⁻⁴ A / cm² were selected. The least squares method was used for linear fitting, and the slope of the fitted line is the corresponding polarization slope. Polarization resistance was calculated from the slope of the tangent line of the polarization curve at the corrosion potential. According to electrochemical corrosion theory, polarization resistance is inversely proportional to the corrosion current density and is an important parameter reflecting the corrosion rate. The entire acquisition process does not require disconnecting the grounding circuit and is achieved through a non-destructive measurement method, avoiding any impact on the normal operation of the lightning protection grounding system.

[0024] The data acquisition unit of the soil environmental parameter monitoring module and the electrochemical sensor of the microbial activity monitoring module are deployed in the same location to ensure spatial consistency between the collected soil pH and redox potential and the microbial activity and electrochemical parameters, providing a data foundation for subsequent multi-parameter collaborative analysis. The pH sensor in this module uses a glass electrode type with a measurement range of 0-14, while the redox potential sensor uses a platinum electrode type with a measurement range of -1000mV to +1000mV. Both sensors feature a waterproof and sealed design with an IP68 protection rating, making them suitable for complex environments with moist soil and numerous impurities.

[0025] The sensor deployment method is consistent with that of the electrochemical sensors in the microbial activity monitoring module. A group of sensors is deployed every 2 meters along the grounding axis. Each group of sensors and its corresponding microbial activity sensor are fixed on the same sensor bracket, which is inserted 20 cm into the soil to ensure full contact between the sensor probe and the soil. Synchronous data acquisition is achieved through a built-in synchronous trigger circuit in the sensor. This circuit is connected to the acquisition circuits of the microbial activity monitoring module and the electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module. A unified clock signal controls the acquisition frequency synchronization of the three modules. The default acquisition frequency is set to 10Hz, which can be adjusted according to actual monitoring needs through the data fusion analysis module. The acquired pH and redox potential signals are amplified and filtered by a low-noise signal conditioning circuit to remove the effects of electromagnetic interference and temperature drift in the soil. Then, the signals are transmitted to the data fusion analysis module via RS485 wired transmission at a baud rate of 9600bps to ensure data transmission stability and real-time performance.

[0026] The data fusion and analysis module, as the core processing unit of the system, uses the industrial-grade STM32H743 microcontroller as its core controller. This microcontroller features a high-performance ARM Cortex-M7 core with a main frequency of up to 480MHz, rich peripheral interfaces, and powerful data processing capabilities, meeting the needs of multi-parameter synchronous processing and complex formula calculations. The module's built-in 16GB Flash memory chip stores the collected raw parameters, calculation process data, and the final corrosion risk quantification results. It also supports cyclic overwrite storage to ensure data storage continuity. The module's standard communication interfaces include Modbus and MQTT interfaces. The Modbus interface allows access to building intelligent management systems, while the MQTT interface allows access to urban safety monitoring platforms. It supports RS485 communication for networking, using a star topology, and can support up to 32 monitoring nodes simultaneously, meeting the multi-point monitoring needs of large-scale lightning protection and grounding systems.

[0027] The workflow of the data fusion and analysis module is as follows: First, it receives synchronization parameters transmitted from the three monitoring modules and preprocesses the raw parameters, including data validity judgment, outlier removal, and data smoothing. Data validity judgment is achieved by setting parameter threshold ranges; for example, the reasonable threshold range for microbial metabolite concentration is 0 to 10 mol / m³, and data exceeding this range is considered invalid and removed. Outlier removal adopts the Grubbs criterion; data deviations exceeding three times the standard deviation are considered outliers. Data smoothing uses the moving average method, taking the average of five consecutive sampling points as valid data to reduce the impact of random noise. After preprocessing, the module sequentially performs calculations of microbial activity influencing factors, polarization resistance correction, and corrosion risk level assessment. These three calculation processes are implemented through software programming. The program is written in C language and runs on the FreeRTOS real-time operating system of the STM32H743 microcontroller. A task scheduling mechanism ensures the real-time performance of the calculation process, with each calculation task taking no more than 10ms, meeting the real-time requirements of online monitoring.

[0028] The influencing factors of microbial activity are calculated using the formula: ; The design of this formula is based on the theory of microbial metabolic kinetics and the influence of soil environmental factors on microbial activity. Its core innovation lies in the first-time synergistic quantification of key microbial metabolic parameters and soil environmental parameters, constructing a dimensionless factor that can reflect the intensity of the synergistic effect between microbial activity and soil environment. This solves the problem of inaccurate corrosion diagnosis caused by neglecting the synergistic effect between microorganisms and the environment in existing technologies.

[0029] From a theoretical design perspective, microbial metabolic activity is a key biological factor influencing grounding electrode corrosion. Their metabolic products (such as hydrogen sulfide and organic acids) directly damage the passivation film on the grounding electrode surface, while the respiration rate reflects the intensity of microbial energy metabolism and is positively correlated with the rate of metabolic product production. Simultaneously, soil pH and redox potential, as important environmental factors, directly affect the survival and metabolic activity of microorganisms. A neutral pH environment is more suitable for the growth and reproduction of most corrosive microorganisms, while redox potential determines the soil's redox environment and influences the metabolic type of microorganisms (such as aerobic or anaerobic metabolism). Based on these theories, the formula needs to simultaneously incorporate four key parameters: microbial metabolic product concentration, respiration rate, soil pH, and redox potential, to achieve synergistic quantification of multiple factors.

[0030] The definitions and dimensional designs of the parameters in the formula all follow the basic principles of physical chemistry and microbiology. As a factor influencing microbial activity, it was designed as a dimensionless parameter to eliminate the influence of differences in the dimensions of various parameters and to facilitate subsequent collaborative calculations with other parameters. The weighting coefficient for metabolite concentration is determined through numerous controlled experiments. Specifically, the corrosion rate and polarization resistance of the grounding electrode are measured in environments with different concentrations of microbial metabolites. A curve showing the relationship between metabolite concentration and the degree of corrosion influence is established, and the result is obtained through curve fitting. The optimal value is determined to ensure that the contribution of metabolite concentration to influencing factors conforms to the actual corrosion law. The actual concentration of microbial metabolites is set in mol / m³. This dimension accurately reflects the content of metabolites in a unit volume of soil and is consistent with the measurement output dimension of the sensor, eliminating the need for additional dimension conversion. The standard concentration of microbial metabolites is set at 1 mol / m³ as a reference benchmark. Its purpose is to eliminate the influence of differences in the absolute concentration of metabolites, ensuring consistency across different environments. They are comparable. The respiration rate influence coefficient was also determined experimentally. Since the effect of respiration rate on microbial activity is non-linear, a small increase in respiration rate may lead to a significant increase in the rate of metabolite production; therefore, an exponential function was used. To characterize this nonlinear amplification effect, The actual respiration rate of microorganisms, measured in mol / (m³·s), reflects the amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms per unit volume of soil per unit time. The standard respiration rate for microorganisms is set at 1 mol / (m³·s) as a reference benchmark for respiration rate. The environmental adaptability coefficient is calibrated using the same method as... Similarly, through corrosion experiments under different pH values ​​and redox potentials, the relationship between environmental parameters and the degree of corrosion influence was established, and the results were obtained through fitting. The values ​​of these parameters are chosen to ensure a weighted balance of soil environmental parameters with influencing factors. Soil pH is designed as a dimensionless parameter and uses... The expression characterizes its adaptability to microbial activity. The logic of the expression is as follows: when pH=7, the value of this term is 1, indicating that the microbial activity is in the optimal state; when the pH deviates from 7, the value of this term decreases as the degree of deviation increases, accurately reflecting the inhibitory effect of pH on microbial activity. The actual redox potential of the soil, in units of V, is directly adopted from the sensor's measurement dimensions. The standard redox potential for soil is set to 0.2V, which corresponds to the reference value for the redox potential of neutral soil. This item can accurately reflect the difference between the actual redox environment and the reference environment.

[0031] The logical derivation of the formula follows the approach of "single-factor quantification - multi-factor synergy - nonlinear correction". First, a linear proportion is used for the concentration of microbial metabolites. Single-factor quantification was performed because the concentration of metabolites and the degree of corrosion influence show a linear relationship within a certain range. For respiration rate, an exponential function was used for single-factor quantification to reflect its non-linear amplification effect. Then, the quantification results of the two microbial parameters were weighted by coefficients. The data is integrated to obtain preliminary quantitative values ​​of microbial activity. For soil environmental parameters, the adaptability quantification term of pH value is multiplied by the proportion term of redox potential to obtain the synergistic quantification value of the environmental parameter, which is then weighted by a weighting coefficient. The environmental factors were integrated to obtain quantitative values. Finally, the preliminary quantitative values ​​of microbial activity were added to the quantitative values ​​of environmental factors to obtain the final microbial activity influencing factors. This derivation process ensures that the synergistic effect between microbial parameters and environmental parameters is accurately quantified, avoiding the limitations of quantifying a single factor.

[0032] The innovative implementation of this formula is reflected in three aspects: First, it incorporates the nonlinear effect of microbial respiration rate into the quantitative formula for the first time, accurately capturing the amplification effect of respiration rate on metabolic activity through an exponential function, thus solving the problem that traditional linear quantitative methods cannot reflect nonlinear relationships; second, it uses... The expression quantifies the adaptability of pH value to microbial activity. Based on the pH adaptation theory of microbial growth, this expression is more in line with actual laws than the traditional linear quantification method. Thirdly, it integrates microbial parameters and environmental parameters through weighting coefficients to achieve comprehensive quantification of multiple factors. This breaks the limitation of existing technologies that only consider microbial or environmental factors, and lays the foundation for eliminating the interference of microbial activity on electrochemical parameters.

[0033] The data fusion analysis module obtains the influencing factors of microbial activity. Then, the interference of microbial activity on polarization resistance measurement was eliminated by using a polarization resistance correction formula, which is as follows: The design of this formula is based on the electrochemical polarization theory and the mechanism of microbial corrosion. Its core innovation lies in the construction of a three-in-one correction model of microbial activity, polarization characteristics, and corrosion potential. This model can accurately eliminate the interference of microbial activity on polarization resistance, obtain a corrected polarization resistance that reflects the true corrosion state of the grounding body, and solve the problem of misdiagnosis caused by microbial interference in the polarization resistance measurement value in the existing technology.

[0034] From a theoretical design perspective, polarization resistance is a core electrochemical parameter reflecting the corrosion state of a grounding electrode, and the accuracy of its measurement directly affects the corrosion diagnosis results. However, in an environment with active microorganisms, microbial metabolic activities can interfere with polarization resistance measurements in two ways: first, microbial metabolic products can damage the passivation film on the grounding electrode surface, leading to a decrease in the integrity of the passivation film and resulting in a lower measured value for polarization resistance; second, the attachment of microorganisms to the grounding electrode surface can alter the polarization characteristics of the electrode surface, causing changes in the anodic and cathodic polarization slopes, further affecting the accuracy of polarization resistance calculations. Furthermore, microbial metabolic activities can also cause shifts in the corrosion potential, and these changes directly affect the shape of the polarization curve, indirectly interfering with the measurement of polarization resistance. Based on the above theories, the polarization resistance correction formula needs to simultaneously incorporate four parameters: the microbial activity influencing factor, the anodic polarization slope, the cathodic polarization slope, and the corrosion potential, to achieve multi-dimensional synergistic correction. The definitions and dimensional designs of each parameter in the formula all follow the basic principles of electrochemical theory. To correct for the polarization resistance, the dimension is set to Ω, which is consistent with the actual measured polarization resistance. The dimensions are consistent to ensure that the corrected parameters can be directly used for subsequent corrosion risk assessment. The actual measurement of polarization resistance, i.e., the raw data collected by the electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module through the potentiodynamic scanning method, has had its measurement accuracy ensured by the acquisition method described above. The microbial activity influencing factor calculated above is used as a dimensionless parameter to directly quantify the degree of interference of microbial activity on polarization resistance. The higher the value, the stronger the microbial activity and the more severe the interference with the polarization resistance. The slope of anodic polarization, with dimensions V / dec, reflects the ease or difficulty of the anodic reaction. The larger the value, the more difficult the anodic reaction. The cathode polarization slope, also in the dimension of V / dec, reflects the ease or difficulty of the cathode reaction; the larger the value, the more difficult the cathode reaction. The standard polarization slope is set to 0.1V / dec, which corresponds to the baseline polarization slope value of the grounding electrode in a pure soil environment. The term is used to quantify the difference between the actual polarization slope and the standard polarization slope. The polarization slope difference is converted into an interference correction coefficient by the tangent function. This is because the interference of the polarization slope difference on the polarization resistance has a tangent function relationship. When the polarization slope deviates from the standard value by a small amount, the degree of interference increases linearly with the degree of deviation. When the degree of deviation is large, the growth rate of the degree of interference accelerates. The tangent function can accurately capture this change. The corrosion potential influence coefficient was determined experimentally. Specifically, at different corrosion potentials, the degree of interference of microbial activity on polarization resistance was measured, and a curve relating corrosion potential shift to the interference correction coefficient was established. The result was obtained through curve fitting. The optimal value. This is the actual corrosion potential, in units of V. The standard corrosion potential is set to -0.5V (corresponding to the standard corrosion potential of steel in neutral soil). The term is used to quantify the relative deviation between the actual corrosion potential and the standard corrosion potential, through an exponential function. The design logic of the exponential function to correct the polarization resistance by corrosion potential shift is as follows: a positive shift in corrosion potential inhibits the anaerobic metabolism of microorganisms and reduces the interference of microbial activity on the polarization resistance. Therefore, the exponent term is negative. When the corrosion potential shifts positively, the value of the exponent term increases and the correction coefficient decreases, thereby reducing the correction magnitude of the polarization resistance. When the corrosion potential shifts negatively, the value of the exponent term decreases and the correction coefficient increases, thereby increasing the correction magnitude and ensuring that the influence of corrosion potential shift is accurately eliminated.

[0035] The logical derivation of the formula follows the approach of "quantification of interference factors - correction of polarization characteristics - correction of corrosion potential". Firstly, based on the influencing factors of microbial activity... Difference term with polarization slope Constructing the core interference factor of microbial activity on polarization resistance The larger the value of this interference factor, the more severe the interference of microbial activity and polarization characteristics on polarization resistance. Therefore, the following method is adopted: As a core correction factor, it is used for the actual measured polarization resistance. Preliminary corrections were made to eliminate the main interference from changes in microbial activity and polarization characteristics. Then, considering the indirect interference of corrosion potential shift on polarization resistance, a corrosion potential correction term was introduced. The polarization resistance, after initial correction, is then further corrected to obtain the final corrected polarization resistance. This derivation process achieves multi-dimensional and multi-level correction of microbial activity interference, ensuring... It can accurately reflect the corrosion status of the grounding body, avoiding the problem that a single correction item cannot completely eliminate interference.

[0036] The innovative implementation of this formula is reflected in three aspects: First, it combines the influencing factors of microbial activity with the polarization slope for the first time to construct a core interference factor, accurately quantifying the synergistic interference of microbial activity and changes in polarization characteristics, thus overcoming the limitation of existing technologies that only consider a single interference factor; Second, it uses a tangent function to characterize the influence of polarization slope differences on interference, which conforms to the intrinsic relationship between polarization resistance and polarization slope, and is more accurate than the traditional linear correction method; Third, it introduces a corrosion potential correction term, and uses an exponential function to achieve dynamic correction of corrosion potential shift, ensuring that accurate polarization resistance values ​​can be obtained under different corrosion potential environments, thus improving the environmental adaptability and correction accuracy of the formula.

[0037] Finally, the data fusion analysis module quantifies corrosion risk using a corrosion risk level assessment formula, which is as follows: The design of this formula is based on corrosion thermodynamics and kinetics theory. Its core innovation lies in integrating four key parameters: modified polarization resistance, microbial activity influencing factors, soil redox potential, and pH value. This allows for the construction of a multi-factor synergistic corrosion risk quantification model, achieving accurate quantification of corrosion risk and solving the problems of singular and highly subjective risk assessment in existing technologies.

[0038] From a theoretical design perspective, corrosion risk essentially refers to the possibility of grounding electrode corrosion failure, the magnitude of which depends on the rate of corrosion reaction and the combined effect of environmental factors. (Corrected polarization resistance) It directly reflects the rate of the corrosion reaction. According to the theory of electrochemical corrosion, polarization resistance is inversely proportional to corrosion current density. The smaller the value, the higher the corrosion current density, the faster the corrosion rate, and the higher the corrosion risk. Factors affecting microbial activity. The accelerating effect of microorganisms on corrosion was quantified. The larger the value, the more significant the accelerating effect of microorganisms on corrosion, and the higher the corrosion risk. Soil redox potential and pH value, through influencing the thermodynamic conditions of corrosion reactions and microbial activity, synergistically affect corrosion risk. The higher the redox potential, the stronger the soil oxidative properties, and the easier it is for the grounding electrode to undergo oxidative corrosion; the lower the pH value, the stronger the soil acidity, and the more severe the acid corrosion of the grounding electrode. Based on the above theories, the formula needs to incorporate all four key parameters simultaneously to achieve multi-factor synergistic quantification of corrosion risk.

[0039] The definitions and dimensional design of each parameter in the formula follow the basic principles of corrosion science. The corrosion risk assessment value is designed as a dimensionless parameter to facilitate the setting of risk level thresholds. Its value range is calibrated through a large number of corrosion failure cases and is generally set from 0 to 10. The larger the value, the higher the corrosion risk. As the risk weighting coefficient, by statistically analyzing the corrosion failure data of grounding electrodes under different environments, a relationship curve between the corrosion risk assessment value and the actual failure probability is established, and the result is obtained through fitting. To find the optimal value and ensure It can accurately reflect the actual corrosion risk. The standard polarization resistance is set to 1000Ω. This value corresponds to the reference value of the polarization resistance of the grounding electrode in a neutral soil environment without microbial interference. This item is used to quantify the difference between the actual corrosion rate and the standard corrosion rate. The larger the value of this item, the faster the actual corrosion rate and the higher the corrosion risk. As a microbial activity influencing factor, and a dimensionless parameter, it directly amplifies the contribution of microorganisms to corrosion risk, reflecting the synergistic accelerating effect of microbial activity. The environmental synergy coefficient was determined experimentally. Specifically, the corrosion rate and corrosion risk of the grounding electrode were measured in environments with different combinations of redox potentials and pH values. A curve showing the relationship between the synergistic effect of environmental parameters and corrosion risk was established and fitted to obtain the coefficient. The values ​​of these parameters are chosen to ensure that the synergistic effects of environmental parameters are accurately quantified. This represents the actual redox potential of the soil, with dimensions in volts (V). The standard redox potential for soil is set to 0.2V. This item is used to quantify the difference between the actual redox environment and the reference environment; This represents the actual pH value of the soil, dimensionless. The term is used to quantify the impact of soil acidity on corrosion. A higher value for this term indicates stronger soil acidity and a higher risk of corrosion. The product of the two terms... To characterize the synergistic effect of redox potential and pH, using an exponential function. The nonlinear amplification of corrosion risk by the synergistic effect of environmental factors is achieved because the synergistic effect of environmental factors on corrosion risk has a nonlinear relationship. When the redox potential is high and the pH value is low, the growth rate of corrosion risk will be significantly accelerated. The exponential function can accurately capture this change.

[0040] The logical derivation of the formula follows the approach of "corrosion rate quantification - microbial acceleration correction - environmental synergistic correction". Firstly, through... The actual corrosion rate of the grounding electrode was quantified to establish a basic correlation between corrosion rate and corrosion risk; then, the influencing factor of microbial activity was introduced. The corrosion risk was initially corrected by amplifying the accelerating effect of microbial activity. Finally, a synergistic quantification term of soil redox potential and pH was introduced, and the corrosion risk was further corrected using an exponential function to amplify the influence of environmental synergies, ultimately yielding the corrosion risk assessment value. This derivation process achieves a three-tiered synergistic quantification of corrosion rate, microbial activity, and environmental factors, ensuring... It can comprehensively and accurately reflect the corrosion risk of the grounding body, avoiding the risk assessment bias caused by quantifying a single factor.

[0041] The innovative implementation of this formula is reflected in three aspects: First, it combines the modified polarization resistance with the influencing factor of microbial activity for the first time, achieving a synergistic quantification of corrosion rate and microbial acceleration effect, thus overcoming the limitation of existing technologies that ignore the influence of microorganisms; second, it constructs a synergistic quantification term of redox potential and pH value, realizing the nonlinear amplification of environmental synergistic effects through an exponential function, which is more consistent with the actual corrosion law than the traditional linear superposition method; third, it uses a risk weighting coefficient... By balancing the contributions of each factor, the risk assessment value is ensured to be highly correlated with the actual probability of corrosion failure, thereby improving the reliability and practicality of the risk assessment.

[0042] The intelligent early warning module, serving as the system's output unit, employs a design combining an industrial-grade touchscreen and a wireless communication module. The touchscreen locally displays the corrosion risk quantification results and risk level, while the wireless communication module uses a 4G EC200S module for remotely pushing early warning information. The module's core workflow is as follows: receiving the corrosion risk quantification results output by the data fusion analysis module. Risk levels are categorized into low, medium, and high risk levels based on preset risk thresholds. The low-risk level corresponds to... The value range is 0 to 3, the value range for medium risk level is 3 to 7, and the value range for high risk level is 7 to 10. This threshold range is calibrated through a large number of corrosion failure cases and reliability analysis to ensure the accuracy of risk level classification.

[0043] The intelligent early warning module's high-sensitivity monitoring mode switching function is achieved through linkage with an external lightning warning system. The module has a reserved communication interface with the lightning warning system, and automatically switches to high-sensitivity monitoring mode upon receiving a thunderstorm approach signal from the system. In high-sensitivity monitoring mode, the acquisition frequency of each monitoring module is increased to 20Hz, the computational priority of the data fusion and analysis module is increased, and the frequency of early warning information pushes is shortened to once per minute, ensuring real-time capture of dynamic changes in corrosion status during thunderstorms and improving the timeliness and sensitivity of early warnings. The remote early warning information push function is implemented through the 4G module, with push methods including SMS, APP push, and platform alarms. Users can receive early warning SMS messages via their bound mobile phone numbers and view detailed corrosion risk data through a dedicated APP. The urban safety monitoring platform and building intelligent management system receive alarm information through the MQTT interface, achieving multi-channel and comprehensive early warning notifications.

[0044] This module is suitable for unattended operation scenarios. Its low-power design ensures long-term operation without an external power source, with a standby power consumption of less than 1W. When powered by a solar power system, it can support continuous operation for 72 hours. The module's local display function is achieved through a 7-inch industrial touchscreen. The touchscreen can display the collected parameters of each monitoring module, corrosion risk quantification results, risk levels, and early warning information in real time. It also supports historical data query and export, with a customizable query time range and export in Excel format for easy data analysis and archiving.

[0045] The system's power supply combines mains power, DC power, and solar power. Mains power is supplied via a 220V AC source, converted to 12V DC by a switching power supply for each module. The DC power supply uses a 12V lithium battery pack as a backup power source, automatically switching when mains power is interrupted to ensure continuous system operation. The solar power system consists of solar panels and a battery pack. The solar panels have a power output of 100W, and the battery pack has a capacity of 100Ah, suitable for high-risk and difficult-to-reach locations without mains power. The solar panels are mounted on the ground or building rooftops using brackets, with the bracket angle set according to the local latitude to maximize solar energy reception. The battery pack uses sealed lead-acid batteries with a waterproof and leak-proof design, adapting to complex outdoor environments.

[0046] The communication interface design of the data fusion and analysis module ensures the system's compatibility and scalability. The Modbus interface adopts the RS485 bus standard, supporting up to 32 slave devices with a communication distance of up to 1000 meters, suitable for short-range access to building intelligent management systems. The MQTT interface uses the TCP / IP protocol, connecting to the urban safety monitoring platform via Ethernet or 4G networks, supporting remote data transmission and control with a communication latency of less than 1 second. The system supports RS485 communication for networking, using a star topology. The data fusion and analysis module acts as the master node, and each monitoring module acts as a slave node. The master node connects to each slave node via the RS485 bus, enabling centralized parameter acquisition and control. The network size can be expanded according to actual monitoring needs, supporting up to 64 slave nodes to meet the multi-point monitoring requirements of large-scale lightning protection and grounding systems.

[0047] The local data storage function of the data fusion and analysis module is implemented through a built-in 16GB Flash storage chip. Stored content includes raw acquisition parameters, preprocessed data, calculation process data, and corrosion risk quantification results. The default storage period is set to 3 months, supporting cyclical overwrite storage. When the storage capacity reaches its limit, the oldest historical data is automatically deleted to ensure data storage continuity. Remote data transmission is implemented through an MQTT interface and a 4G module. The default transmission frequency is set to 5 minutes / transmission, which can be adjusted according to actual needs. Transmitted data includes corrosion risk quantification results, risk levels, key parameters of each monitoring module, and equipment operating status, ensuring that the remote platform can monitor the system's operation and the corrosion status of the grounding electrode in real time.

[0048] The acquisition frequency of each monitoring module can be adjusted via the data fusion analysis module, with an adjustment range of 1Hz to 20Hz. Users can set this via touchscreen or remote platform according to their actual monitoring needs. Frequency adjustment is achieved through software programming. The data fusion analysis module sends frequency adjustment commands to each monitoring module. Upon receiving the commands, each monitoring module adjusts the sampling frequency of its built-in acquisition circuit to ensure synchronization of acquisition frequencies. For example, in scenarios with low microbial activity and stable soil conditions, the acquisition frequency can be set to 1Hz to reduce system power consumption; in thunderstorms or scenarios with high microbial activity, the acquisition frequency can be increased to 20Hz to ensure timely capture of dynamic changes in corrosion conditions.

[0049] Parameter transmission for each module utilizes RS485 wired transmission, a method characterized by strong anti-interference capabilities, long transmission distance, and low power consumption, making it suitable for complex outdoor environments. The transmission line employs shielded twisted-pair cable with grounded shielding to minimize electromagnetic interference affecting data transmission. The transmission baud rate is set to 9600bps to ensure data transmission stability and real-time performance. Data transmission employs CRC checksum verification, with a CRC checksum appended to the end of each data packet. The receiving end verifies data integrity using the checksum, preventing errors during data transmission.

[0050] The collaborative workflow of the entire system can be divided into four stages: parameter acquisition, data preprocessing, collaborative calculation, and early warning output. In the parameter acquisition stage, under the control of synchronous trigger signals, the three monitoring modules collect data in real time on microbial metabolite concentration, respiration rate, corrosion potential, anodic polarization slope, cathodic polarization slope, polarization resistance, soil pH, and redox potential. The collected data is transmitted to the data fusion and analysis module via RS485 wired transmission. In the data preprocessing stage, the data fusion and analysis module performs validity assessment, outlier removal, and data smoothing on the raw data to ensure data quality. In the collaborative calculation stage, the modules sequentially calculate the microbial activity influencing factor, corrected polarization resistance, and corrosion risk assessment value. The three formulas are linked in a progressive manner to achieve collaborative analysis of multiple parameters. In the early warning output stage, the intelligent early warning module classifies the risk level based on the corrosion risk assessment value and outputs early warning information through local display and remote push, forming a complete monitoring and early warning closed loop.

[0051] The system's innovation lies not only in the independent design of each module but also in the collaborative work between modules and the progressive linkage of formulas. Synchronous data acquisition from the microbial activity monitoring module, the electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module, and the soil environmental parameter monitoring module ensures spatial consistency and temporal synchronization of multiple parameters, providing a high-quality data foundation for collaborative calculations. The progressive linkage of the microbial activity influencing factor formula, the polarization resistance correction formula, and the corrosion risk level assessment formula achieves full-process collaboration from parameter quantification to interference correction and risk assessment, solving the problem of inaccurate corrosion diagnosis caused by neglecting the synergistic effect of "microorganism-electrochemical-soil environment" in existing technologies. The system's adaptability and reliability in different scenarios are ensured through the intelligent early warning module's highly sensitive mode switching, multi-channel early warning push, and the system's multi-power supply design. It is particularly suitable for areas with active microorganisms, high-risk and inaccessible locations, and locations where personnel cannot enter but lightning protection monitoring is critical, filling the monitoring gaps in these scenarios in existing technologies.

[0052] In summary, this online diagnosis and early warning system for the corrosion status of lightning protection grounding conductors achieves comprehensive and accurate diagnosis and early warning of corrosion status through modular design, synchronous acquisition of multiple parameters, and progressive formula linkage. Its technical solution is fully disclosed, the implementation methods of each module are specific and feasible, the design basis of the formula is sufficient, the logical derivation is rigorous, and the innovation is outstanding. It can effectively solve the problems existing in the current technology and provide strong protection for the safe operation of lightning protection grounding conductors.

[0053] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments that can be applied to other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An on-line diagnosis and early warning system for the corrosion state of lightning grounding bodies, characterized in that it comprises: The system includes a microbial activity monitoring module, an electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module, a soil environmental parameter monitoring module, a data fusion analysis module, and an intelligent early warning module. The microbial activity monitoring module collects the concentration of microbial metabolites and microbial respiration rate. The electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module collects corrosion potential, anodic polarization slope, cathodic polarization slope, and polarization resistance. The soil environmental parameter monitoring module collects soil pH and soil redox potential. These modules simultaneously collect the above parameters and transmit them to the data fusion analysis module. The data fusion analysis module quantifies the synergistic effect between microbial activity and the soil environment by constructing a microbial activity influencing factor, eliminates the interference of microbial activity on polarization resistance through a polarization resistance correction formula, and quantifies corrosion risk through a corrosion risk level assessment formula. The intelligent early warning module receives the corrosion risk quantification results output by the data fusion analysis module and outputs early warning information. The microbial activity influencing factor, the polarization resistance correction formula, and the corrosion risk level assessment formula work together to complete the corrosion status diagnosis.

2. The lightning grounding body corrosion state on-line diagnosis and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial activity monitoring module uses an electrochemical sensor, which has real-time acquisition and data caching functions. The electrochemical sensor is deployed in the microbial active area around the grounding body.

3. The lightning grounding body corrosion state on-line diagnosis and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module uses potentiodynamic scanning to collect the corrosion potential, anodic polarization slope, cathodic polarization slope, and polarization resistance. The electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module is connected to the grounding electrode and the auxiliary test pile. The monitoring process of the electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module does not require disconnecting the grounding circuit.

4. The online diagnosis and early warning system for the corrosion status of lightning protection grounding electrodes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition end of the soil environmental parameter monitoring module and the electrochemical sensor of the microbial activity monitoring module are deployed in the same location. The soil environmental parameter monitoring module synchronously acquires the soil pH value and the soil redox potential and transmits them to the data fusion analysis module.

5. The online diagnosis and early warning system for the corrosion status of lightning protection grounding electrodes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial activity influencing factors are calculated using a specific formula that integrates the effects of microbial metabolite concentration, microbial respiration rate, soil pH, and soil redox potential. The weights and coefficients of each parameter are determined through experimental calibration.

6. The online diagnosis and early warning system for the corrosion status of lightning protection grounding electrodes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The polarization resistance correction formula is used to correct the actual measured polarization resistance. The formula incorporates the influence of microbial activity factors, anodic polarization slope, cathodic polarization slope, and corrosion potential to ensure that the polarization resistance can truly reflect the corrosion state of the grounding body.

7. The online diagnosis and early warning system for the corrosion status of lightning protection grounding electrodes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The corrosion risk assessment formula is used to quantify corrosion risk. The formula integrates the synergistic effects of modified polarization resistance, microbial activity influencing factors, soil redox potential, and soil pH to form a dimensionless corrosion risk assessment value.

8. The online diagnosis and early warning system for the corrosion status of lightning protection grounding electrodes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The data fusion and analysis module reserves a standard communication interface, which includes a Modbus interface and an MQTT interface. The data fusion and analysis module connects to the building intelligent management system and the urban safety monitoring platform through the standard communication interface. The data fusion and analysis module supports 485 communication mode to connect to the communication module for networking.

9. The online diagnosis and early warning system for the corrosion status of lightning protection grounding electrodes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent early warning module can be switched to a high-sensitivity monitoring mode. The intelligent early warning module has a remote early warning information push function. The intelligent early warning module is suitable for unattended scenarios. The system can be connected to a solar power supply system. The system uses mains power or DC power supply. The system is suitable for high-risk and hard-to-reach places and places where personnel cannot enter but lightning protection monitoring is critical.

10. The online diagnosis and early warning system for the corrosion status of lightning protection grounding electrodes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The data fusion and analysis module has local data storage and remote data transmission functions. The acquisition frequency of the microbial activity monitoring module, the electrochemical polarization parameter monitoring module, and the soil environmental parameter monitoring module is adjustable. The intelligent early warning module classifies risk levels according to the corrosion risk quantification results. The risk levels include low risk level, medium risk level, and high risk level.

Images