Gas storage pressure design method and device based on heat-fluid-solid coupling simulation

Abstract

The invention discloses a gas storage pressure design method and device based on heat-fluid-solid coupling simulation, computer equipment and a computer readable storage medium, and relates to the technical field of underground energy storage.The method comprises the steps that experimental data of a target gas storage are collected, a mechanical initial model is constructed, and parameters are initialized; establishing a heat-fluid-solid coupling model by combining a compressed air convective heat transfer process and mechanical behaviors; using injection-production historical data reverse verification and parameter inversion to set an operation pressure constraint criterion, executing multi-cycle pressure cycle simulation based on the verified model, and determining an optimal injection-production pressure through a parameter scanning or optimization algorithm; and post-processing a simulation result, outputting a designed life period operation pressure envelope diagram, and obtaining a safety pressure window of each stage. According to the method, the heat-fluid-solid coupling effect under multi-period injection and production is quantified, the critical pressure is dynamically determined, and the optimal balance of safety and economical efficiency of the gas storage is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground energy storage technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for designing gas storage pressure based on thermo-fluid-structure interaction simulation. Background Technology

[0002] Compressed air energy storage technology is a key long-term energy storage solution supporting the consumption of renewable energy. The heat and mass transfer and fluid-structure interaction behavior of the gas storage facility during dynamic operation directly affects the system's safety and efficiency. Among these factors, the operating pressure of the gas storage facility is a critical parameter determining the stress and heat transfer characteristics of the entire facility, which in turn determines its storage capacity and safe operating lifespan.

[0003] The high-frequency alternating loads and temperature changes in compressed air energy storage systems raise the structural requirements for underground gas storage facilities. However, due to the sealing and safety requirements of underground caverns, it is difficult to install monitoring points through openings for real-time monitoring. Accurate prediction of physical changes in the fluid domain, stress changes in the solid domain, and their correlation is necessary. During the operation of compressed air energy storage systems, the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) behavior between the air working medium and the solid structure within the storage facility is a core mechanism affecting system safety and energy conversion efficiency. When the storage facility is filled or released, not only is there fluid pressure transfer between the supercritical air working medium and the solid wall, but also transient heat transfer, both driving complex multiphysics coupling effects. Currently, the pressure design method for compressed air storage facilities is usually based on empirical correlations. However, empirical correlations fail to effectively consider the impact of fluid flow and heat transfer and channel mechanical properties on the performance of the storage facility, leading to inaccurate pressure design. Developing a pressure design method for underground gas storage facilities that considers FSI-thermal-structure interaction is crucial for the safe, stable, and economical operation of energy storage systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a pressure design method for gas storage facilities based on thermo-fluid-structure interaction simulation.

[0005] Another objective of this invention is to propose a pressure design device for gas storage facilities based on thermo-fluid-structure interaction simulation.

[0006] The third objective of this invention is to provide a computer device.

[0007] A fourth objective of this invention is to provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of the present invention proposes a gas storage pressure design method based on thermo-fluid-structure interaction simulation, comprising: S1. Collect experimental data of the target gas storage, construct an initial mechanical model of the gas storage and initialize the model parameters, and construct a thermal-fluid-structure interaction model by utilizing the convective heat transfer process and mechanical behavior of compressed air in the gas storage. S2, based on the constructed thermal-fluid-structure interaction model, uses existing historical injection and production data from the gas storage facility for reverse verification and parameter inversion; S3, set the design constraint criteria for operating pressure, perform multi-cycle pressure cycle simulation based on the verified thermo-fluid-structure interaction model, and determine the highest injection pressure and lowest gas extraction pressure that meet the constraint conditions through parameter scanning or optimization algorithms; S4. Based on the obtained simulation results, the simulation results are post-processed to output the operating pressure envelope diagram of the gas storage tank throughout its entire design life, and the safe pressure window for different operating stages is obtained.

[0009] Optionally, collect experimental data from the target gas storage facility, construct an initial mechanical model of the gas storage facility, and initialize the model parameters, including: By combining geological, well logging, seismic and rock engineering measurement parameters of the gas storage facility, a three-dimensional structural model of the gas storage facility, including the initial chamber and gas pipeline, is established. After the initial mechanical model of the gas storage facility is meshed, it is imported into a multiphysics coupling simulation platform including COMSOL Multiphysics or ABAQUS, and initial parameters are assigned to the initial mechanical model of the gas storage facility.

[0010] Optional model parameters for the initial mechanical model of the gas storage facility include: The structural parameters of the gas storage facility include the chamber diameter, chamber length, pipe wall thickness, gas pipeline location, gas pipeline diameter, steel lining thickness, and reinforced concrete structure thickness. High-pressure thin-walled mechanics, parameters include elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, cohesion, internal friction angle, and strength; The working fluid thermophysical parameters include the rock's thermal expansion coefficient, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity, as well as the gas storage working fluid's density, viscosity, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and volumetric expansion coefficient. The initial physical field includes parameters such as the initial pressure field, initial stress field, and initial temperature field.

[0011] Optionally, a thermo-fluid-structure interaction model can be constructed by utilizing the convective heat transfer process and mechanical behavior of compressed air in the gas storage tank, including: In the simulation software, activate the viscous fluid, solid mechanics, and heat transfer modules, and set the corresponding coupling variables to obtain the thermo-fluid-solid coupling model; The thermo-fluid-structure interaction model is used to: simulate the flow, temperature and pressure changes, and mechanical behavior of gas in a gas storage tank; achieve bidirectional coupling between the fluid domain and the solid domain through the dynamic relationship between pipe wall displacement, effective stress, and plastic strain; and achieve coupling between the temperature field and the stress field through thermal expansion stress.

[0012] In the process of thermo-fluid-structure interaction, the boundary conditions between the fluid and the solid are expressed as follows: The kinematic boundary conditions are expressed as follows: ; The dynamic boundary conditions are expressed as follows: ; The heat transfer boundary conditions are expressed as follows: ; Among them, subscript Represents fluid, subscript It represents a solid.

[0013] Optional, operating pressure design constraints include: Upper limit constraints: The maximum principal stress at any location in the chamber shall not exceed its tensile strength, the stress of the steel lining structure surrounding the chamber shall not exceed its yield strength, and the strain of the chamber wall shall not exceed the allowable value; Lower limit constraints: The bottom flow pressure of the production well shall not be lower than the minimum fluid carrying pressure to prevent fluid accumulation; the reservoir pressure shall not be lower than the minimum pressure to prevent water inrush; and the concrete structure around the well wall shall not suffer shear failure. Optionally, determine the maximum injection pressure and minimum extraction pressure that satisfy the constraints, including: The maximum allowable injection pressure is defined as the upper limit of the operating pressure, Pmax; the minimum allowable gas extraction pressure is defined as the lower limit of the operating pressure, Pmin. Optionally, based on the obtained simulation results, the simulation results are post-processed to output the operating pressure envelope diagram of the gas storage facility throughout its entire design life, obtaining the safe pressure windows for different operating stages, including: The simulation results are post-processed to generate a pressure envelope diagram with running time on the horizontal axis and pressure on the vertical axis. By operating the pressure envelope diagram, we obtain the upper and lower limits of operating pressure that vary over time, thus forming a dynamic safe operating window.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, a second aspect of the present invention provides a gas storage pressure design device based on thermo-fluid-structure interaction simulation, comprising: The modeling module is used to collect experimental data of the target gas storage, construct an initial mechanical model of the gas storage and initialize the model parameters, and construct a thermal-fluid-structure interaction model by utilizing the convective heat transfer process and mechanical behavior of compressed air in the gas storage. The verification module is used to perform reverse verification and parameter inversion based on the constructed thermal-fluid-structure interaction model and the existing injection and production historical data of the gas storage facility. The design module is used to set operating pressure design constraints based on a validated thermo-fluid-structure interaction model, perform multi-cycle pressure simulation, and determine the highest injection pressure and lowest extraction pressure that meet the constraints through parameter scanning or optimization algorithms. The output module is used to post-process the simulation results based on the obtained simulation results and output the operating pressure envelope diagram of the gas storage facility throughout its entire design life, so as to obtain the safe pressure window for different operating stages.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, a third aspect of this application provides a computer device, including a processor and a memory; wherein the processor runs a program corresponding to the executable program code stored in the memory, for implementing the gas storage pressure design method based on thermo-fluid-structure interaction simulation as described in the first aspect embodiment.

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, the fourth aspect of this application proposes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the gas storage pressure design method based on thermal-fluid-structure interaction simulation as described in the first aspect embodiment.

[0017] The embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: This method can accurately quantify the interaction of temperature, pressure and stress fields under multi-cycle injection and production conditions, thereby scientifically and dynamically determining the critical pressure for safe operation of gas storage facilities and achieving the optimal balance between safety and economy. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 A flowchart of a gas storage pressure design method based on thermo-fluid-structure interaction simulation is provided for an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 The boundary conditions for the thermal-fluid-structure interaction model of the gas storage facility; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a gas storage pressure design device based on thermo-fluid-structure interaction simulation, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The following describes, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a method and apparatus for designing gas storage pressure based on thermo-fluid-structure interaction simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1 This embodiment provides a gas storage pressure design method based on thermo-fluid-structure interaction simulation. For example... Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the method includes the following steps: S1. Collect experimental data of the target gas storage, construct an initial mechanical model of the gas storage and initialize the model parameters, and construct a thermal-fluid-structure interaction model by utilizing the convective heat transfer process and mechanical behavior of compressed air in the gas storage.

[0023] To provide reliable simulation support for the safety assessment and optimization design of gas storage facilities, this application collects various types of basic data to construct a three-dimensional structural model, initializes core parameters and imports them into a multiphysics simulation platform, and constructs a thermo-fluid-structure interaction model by setting reasonable boundary conditions and coupling mechanisms.

[0024] This application provides an initial model construction scheme for thermal-fluid-structure interaction simulation of a gas storage facility. In this application embodiment, in order to accurately simulate the interaction between gas flow, temperature change, pressure fluctuation and structural mechanical behavior during the operation of the gas storage facility, and to provide a reliable simulation basis for the safety assessment and optimization design of the gas storage facility, this application first carries out the work of establishing an initial mechanical model of the gas storage facility.

[0025] In this embodiment of the application, the core premise for establishing the initial model is to comprehensively collect relevant basic data of the target gas storage facility, specifically including geological data, well logging data, seismic data and rock experimental data. These data can provide real geological environment and material properties support for model construction, ensuring that the model is highly consistent with the actual engineering scenario.

[0026] Based on the data collected above, this application constructs a three-dimensional gas storage structure model including the initial chamber and gas pipeline. The specific structure is shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 This three-dimensional model can intuitively and comprehensively reflect the spatial layout and structural composition of the gas storage facility.

[0027] In this application embodiment, the initialization of model parameters is a crucial step in ensuring simulation accuracy. This application clearly defines four categories of core parameters that need to be initialized: The first category is the gas storage structure parameters, specifically covering the chamber diameter, chamber length, pipe wall thickness, gas pipeline location, gas pipeline diameter, steel lining thickness, and reinforced concrete structure thickness, etc. These parameters directly determine the geometric structure and load-bearing foundation of the gas storage. The second category is the high-pressure thin-walled mechanical parameters, including elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, cohesion, internal friction angle, and strength, etc. These parameters are the core indicators describing the mechanical response characteristics of high-pressure thin-walled structures. The third category is the working fluid thermophysical parameters, involving the thermal expansion coefficient, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of rocks, as well as the density, viscosity, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and volume expansion coefficient of the gas storage working fluid, etc. These parameters are the basis for calculating heat transfer and fluid flow in thermo-fluid-structure interaction simulation. The fourth category is the initial physical field parameters, including the initial pressure field, initial stress field, and initial temperature field. The reasonable setting of the initial physical field can simulate the physical environment of the gas storage in its initial state.

[0028] In this embodiment, after parameter initialization, the three-dimensional structural model is optimized and adjusted based on engineering measurement parameters to establish an accurate three-dimensional structural model of the gas storage facility. This model is then meshed and imported into a professional multiphysics coupling simulation platform such as COMSOL Multiphysics or ABAQUS. Within the simulation platform, specific initial parameter values ​​are assigned to the model, such as setting the initial pressure field to 4 MPa and the initial temperature field to 300 K, and appropriately configuring parameters such as the initial stress gradient, laying the initial foundation for subsequent coupling simulations.

[0029] Considering the complex interaction between the convective heat transfer process of compressed air and the structural mechanical behavior during the operation of a gas storage facility, a single physics simulation cannot accurately reflect the actual operating conditions. Therefore, in this embodiment, based on the aforementioned initial mechanical model, a thermo-fluid-structure interaction (TFS) model is further constructed. The core function of this TFS model is to comprehensively simulate the flow state, temperature changes, pressure fluctuations, and structural mechanical behavior of the gas in the gas storage facility. Specifically, the mechanical behavior includes the stress-strain relationship of the structure, the magnitude of the pressure borne by the structure, and the tendency of the pipe wall to rupture and deform.

[0030] In this embodiment, the coupling model achieves multi-physics field co-simulation through two key coupling mechanisms: on the one hand, by establishing a dynamic correlation between pipe wall displacement and effective stress and plastic strain, the fluid flow field and solid deformation field are coupled in two directions, ensuring that pressure changes caused by fluid flow changes can be transmitted to the solid structure in real time, while the deformation of the solid structure can in turn affect the fluid flow space; on the other hand, by tightly coupling the temperature field and stress field through thermal expansion stress, the thermal expansion or contraction effect caused by temperature changes can be transformed into stress changes in the structure, accurately reflecting the influence of temperature load on the mechanical properties of the structure.

[0031] In this embodiment, to ensure the effective operation of the thermal-fluid-structure interaction simulation, the three core modules of "viscous fluid," "solid mechanics," and "heat transfer" are activated in the selected simulation software, and corresponding coupling variables are set for each module to ensure that data between the various physical fields can be transmitted and interacted in real time. The setting of boundary conditions is a crucial guarantee for the accuracy of the simulation; the specific boundary conditions are as follows: Kinematic boundary condition (displacement continuity): The fluid velocity at the fluid-solid interface is equal to the solid displacement velocity, i.e.: , Here, the subscript f represents fluid and the subscript s represents solid. This condition ensures that there is no relative sliding at the fluid-solid interface, which is consistent with actual engineering scenarios.

[0032] Dynamic boundary conditions (force interaction): The stress exerted by the fluid on the solid surface is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the stress exerted by the solid on the fluid surface, that is: , Where I is the unit tensor, , These are the normal vectors (in opposite directions) of the fluid domain and the solid domain at the interface. This condition enables the transfer of forces between the fluid and the solid, and is the key to coupling analysis.

[0033] Heat transfer boundary condition (continuous heat flux): The heat flux density at the fluid-solid interface is equal, that is: , in, , These are the thermal conductivity coefficients of the fluid and the solid, respectively. The gradient of temperature along the normal vector direction ensures energy conservation at the interface.

[0034] In this embodiment, the thermo-mechanical coupling mechanism is achieved through field variable transfer: First, the transient wall temperature field calculated in the fluid domain is accurately mapped to the thermal boundary conditions of the solid domain, ensuring that the solid structure can receive the heat information transferred by the fluid in real time; then, the structural solver calculates the temperature strain increment of the structure based on the preset thermal expansion constitutive relation and the change in the temperature field, thereby obtaining the stress distribution and deformation state of the structure under temperature load. This fully coupled method used in this embodiment can completely characterize the structural response characteristics under the combined action of temperature load and surrounding rock constraint, avoiding problems such as information transfer lag and incomplete coupling effects that exist in single-physics field simulation or weakly coupled simulation.

[0035] Through the aforementioned series of technical means, this application embodiment completes the construction of the initial mechanical model and the thermo-fluid-structure interaction model of the gas storage tank, laying the foundation for subsequent reverse verification and parameter inversion.

[0036] S2, based on the constructed thermo-fluid-structure interaction model, uses existing historical injection and production data from the gas storage facility for reverse verification and parameter inversion.

[0037] In order to verify the effectiveness and engineering applicability of the established thermo-fluid-structure interaction model through actual injection and production historical data, this application performs model verification and historical fitting steps to ensure that the model can accurately reproduce the past dynamic response of the gas storage facility.

[0038] In this embodiment, step S2 is the model verification and history fitting step. This step is a key link to ensure that the thermo-fluid-structure interaction model established in step S1 has the reliability for engineering applications. Its core purpose is to perform reverse verification and parameter optimization on the model using the existing actual injection and production history data of the gas storage facility, so that the model can accurately reproduce the past dynamic operation response of the gas storage facility, laying a reliable foundation for subsequent simulation analysis and engineering applications.

[0039] In this embodiment, the core data support for model validation and historical data fitting is the historical injection and production data accumulated by the gas storage facility. This data covers key physical quantity monitoring data during the operation of the gas storage facility, specifically including pressure data, flow data, strain data, etc. This data directly reflects the dynamic changes of the gas storage facility during the actual injection and production cycle and is an important basis for verifying the accuracy of the model. This application conducts reverse validation by comparing and analyzing these historical data with the simulation results of the model, and simultaneously adjusts the key uncertain parameters in the model through inversion, thereby eliminating the deviation between the initial parameter settings and the actual operating conditions, ensuring that the model can truly and accurately reflect the actual operating state of the gas storage facility, and verifying the effectiveness and applicability of the model.

[0040] In this embodiment, the actual operating data of the target gas storage facility over the past three injection-production cycles are first imported. Selecting data from multiple complete injection-production cycles comprehensively covers the dynamic characteristics of the gas storage facility at different operational stages (injection, storage, and production), avoiding inaccurate model validation results due to the randomness of data from a single cycle. Subsequently, these actual operating data are used as validation benchmarks, and the thermo-fluid-structure interaction model established in step S1 is run to perform historical fitting calculations. The model will simulate key dynamic response data such as pressure change curves and strain change patterns within the corresponding injection-production cycle.

[0041] In this embodiment, the core optimization objective of historical data fitting is to adjust key uncertain parameters in the model to achieve a high degree of consistency between the simulated pressure and strain data and the actual historical monitoring data. This application explicitly sets a fitting accuracy requirement: the error between the simulated data and historical data must be controlled within 5%. This error threshold is determined based on the accuracy requirements of gas storage simulation models in engineering practice, ensuring sufficient reliability for subsequent structural safety assessments and operational parameter optimization. During parameter adjustment, this application optimizes parameters that may have uncertainties in the model (such as the elastic modulus of rock, internal friction angle, and thermal conductivity of the working fluid) one by one, continuously correcting parameter values ​​through iterative calculations until the model simulation results meet the error requirements.

[0042] In this embodiment, the model validation and historical data fitting process is not only a parameter adjustment process, but also a secondary verification of the rationality of the model structure. If parameter adjustment still fails to achieve the expected consistency between the simulation results and historical data, it is necessary to backtrack to step S1 and optimize the structure, coupling mechanism, or boundary condition settings of the thermo-fluid-structure interaction model to ensure that the physical logic of the model is consistent with the actual engineering scenario. Through this closed-loop optimization process, this application can fully guarantee the accuracy and reliability of the model, enabling the model to not only reproduce the historical operating state of the gas storage facility, but also provide scientific and accurate simulation support for subsequent operation prediction and risk assessment.

[0043] This application's embodiments effectively address the discrepancy between initial model parameters and actual operating conditions through model validation and historical data fitting. The validated model accurately reproduces the past dynamic responses of the gas storage facility, laying the foundation for subsequently determining the maximum injection pressure and minimum extraction pressure that meet the constraints.

[0044] S3 sets the design constraints for operating pressure. Based on the verified thermo-fluid-structure interaction model, it performs multi-cycle pressure simulation and determines the maximum injection pressure and minimum extraction pressure that meet the constraints through parameter scanning or optimization algorithms.

[0045] In order to accurately define the pressure boundary for the safe operation of the gas storage facility, this application embodiment sets an operating pressure design criterion with upper and lower limit constraints based on safety standards and engineering requirements. Multi-cycle pressure cycle simulation and critical pressure search are carried out through a verified thermo-fluid-structure interaction model to determine the upper and lower limits of the operating pressure.

[0046] In this embodiment, the core basis for setting the design constraints for operating pressure is relevant safety standards and actual engineering requirements. The constraints cover two key conditions: upper limit constraints and lower limit constraints, comprehensively covering multiple safety dimensions such as structural strength and operating conditions. The upper limit constraints aim to prevent structural damage to the gas storage tank during high-pressure gas injection, specifically including three core requirements: First, the maximum principal stress at any location within the chamber must not exceed its tensile strength to prevent cracking or collapse of the surrounding rock due to stress overload; second, the Mises equivalent stress of the steel lining structure surrounding the chamber must not exceed its yield strength to ensure the steel lining structure remains in an elastic working state, avoiding plastic deformation or fracture; third, the strain on the chamber wall must be controlled within the allowable range to prevent excessive deformation of the wall from affecting sealing performance or structural integrity.

[0047] The lower limit constraint focuses on ensuring the normal operation and structural safety of the gas storage facility during the gas production phase. Specifically, it includes three key requirements: First, the bottom-hole flowing pressure of the production well must not be lower than the minimum liquid-carrying pressure. This constraint can effectively prevent the accumulation of liquid in the well and avoid problems such as decreased gas production efficiency, wellbore corrosion, or water hammer caused by liquid accumulation. Second, the reservoir pressure must not be lower than the minimum pressure to prevent water inrush. By maintaining the minimum reservoir pressure threshold, the intrusion of surrounding water into the reservoir is resisted, protecting the effective gas storage space of the reservoir. Third, the concrete structure around the well wall must not suffer shear failure. It is clearly required that the safety factor of the concrete structure be greater than 1 to ensure that the concrete lining still has sufficient load-bearing capacity and stability under low-pressure conditions.

[0048] In this embodiment, to ensure the accuracy and rationality of key parameters in the constraint criteria, this application, based on laboratory mechanical test results of high-pressure thin-walled channels, specifically sets the tensile strength of the well wall steel lining structure and the maximum allowable deformation of the well wall structure. Laboratory tests simulate the high-pressure environment of actual gas storage facility operation, conducting mechanical property tests on the steel lining material and well wall structure to obtain data on their strength limits and deformation characteristics under different pressure loads. This provides a scientific and reliable experimental basis for the quantitative setting of relevant parameters in the constraint criteria, avoiding potential deviations from theoretical estimations.

[0049] After setting the design constraints for operating pressure, this embodiment of the application conducts multi-cycle pressure cycle simulation and critical pressure calculation based on a verified and effective thermo-fluid-structure interaction model. In this embodiment, the core idea of ​​the simulation process is to simulate the dynamic response of the gas storage facility during long-term multi-cycle injection-production cycles by setting multiple different injection-production pressure schemes, thereby searching for the critical pressure value that satisfies all constraints. Specifically, this application uses parameter scanning or optimization algorithms to systematically traverse different combinations of injection and production pressures, performing multi-cycle simulations on each scheme. It monitors in real time the stress and strain states of the surrounding rock, steel lining structure, and concrete lining of the chamber, as well as key operating parameters such as reservoir pressure and bottom hole flowing pressure, to determine whether all set constraints are met.

[0050] In this embodiment, the highest allowable injection pressure satisfying all constraints is defined as the upper limit of operating pressure Pmax, and the lowest allowable production pressure satisfying all constraints is defined as the lower limit of operating pressure Pmin. To ensure the accuracy of critical pressure calculation, this application designs multiple refined simulation schemes. For example, in the search process for the upper limit of operating pressure, the peak injection pressure is set to start from 10 MPa and gradually increase in increments of 0.1 MPa. For each peak pressure scheme, 10 complete injection-production cycles are simulated to fully consider the cumulative effect of pressure cycles on the structural mechanical properties. Through simulation observation, it was found that when the peak injection pressure reaches 15.5 MPa, the maximum principal stress of the wellbore structure is close to the set critical value of tensile strength. To reserve sufficient safety margin, this application sets the upper limit of operating pressure Pmax to 15.0 MPa. Similarly, by following a similar stepwise search and multi-cycle simulation method, the lower limit of operating pressure Pmin can be accurately determined.

[0051] This application embodiment achieves precise definition of the operating pressure boundary of the gas storage facility by setting scientific operating pressure design constraints and combining laboratory test data with multi-cycle pressure simulation, laying the foundation for obtaining the safe pressure window for different operating stages.

[0052] S4. Based on the obtained simulation results, the simulation results are post-processed to output the operating pressure envelope diagram of the gas storage tank throughout its entire design life, and the safe pressure window for different operating stages is obtained.

[0053] In order to transform the critical pressure data obtained from multi-cycle pressure simulation into an engineering basis that can directly guide the actual injection and production scheduling of the gas storage facility throughout its entire design life, the embodiments of this application perform post-processing on the simulation results to generate a visual envelope diagram with running time on the horizontal axis and pressure on the vertical axis, and including dynamic Pmax and Pmin curves.

[0054] In this embodiment of the application, after calculating the critical values ​​of the upper limit Pmax and the lower limit Pmin of the operating pressure, in order to transform the simulated pressure boundary data into engineering results that can directly guide the actual injection and production scheduling of the gas storage facility, this application further carries out the output of the dynamic operating pressure design envelope. Through the systematic post-processing of the multi-cycle pressure simulation results, the safe pressure window of the gas storage facility at different operating stages during the entire design life is clarified, providing an intuitive and accurate pressure control basis for production scheduling.

[0055] In this embodiment, the core value of the dynamic operating pressure design envelope lies in realizing the dynamic visualization and engineering application of the pressure safety boundary. Compared with a single critical pressure value, this envelope can comprehensively present the dynamic change law of the safety pressure window during the long-term operation of the gas storage facility, under the influence of factors such as the accumulation of injection and production cycles, the evolution of structural mechanical properties, and changes in the geological environment. This application summarizes, analyzes, and post-processes all multi-cycle pressure simulation results, integrates Pmax and Pmin data under different injection and production stages and different cycle numbers, and constructs a pressure boundary system covering the entire design life, ensuring that the envelope data can cover the entire life cycle operation scenario of the gas storage facility from commissioning to the end of its service life.

[0056] In this embodiment, to enhance the practicality and readability of the pressure envelope, the integrated simulation results are presented in a visual chart, generating a custom dynamic operating pressure envelope diagram. The horizontal axis of this diagram represents operating time, clearly marking different operating stages of the gas storage facility (such as the initial injection-production cycle, the mid-term stable operation stage, and the late-stage aging stage). The vertical axis represents pressure values, directly corresponding to the operating pressure range of the gas storage facility. The diagram clearly marks the Pmax and Pmin curves, which dynamically change over time. The area between these two curves represents the safe pressure window (Pmin to Pmax) for the corresponding time point. This window intuitively reflects the pressure range that the gas storage facility can safely withstand within a specific operating stage, preventing structural damage due to pressure exceeding the upper limit and operational failures due to pressure falling below the lower limit.

[0057] In this embodiment, the dynamic operating pressure envelope diagram has been standardized, featuring clear legends, coordinate labels, and numerical scales, making it directly usable by the gas storage facility's production scheduling department. During actual injection and production operations, scheduling personnel can quickly retrieve the corresponding safe pressure window from the envelope diagram based on the current operating time point, thereby rationally formulating pressure control strategies for injection, storage, and production, and adjusting injection and production flow rates and pressure parameters in real time to ensure the gas storage facility operates stably within the safe pressure range. Simultaneously, this envelope diagram also serves as an important reference for assessing the gas storage facility's operational status. When the actual operating pressure approaches or deviates from the safe window, it can promptly issue early warning signals, reminding maintenance personnel to investigate potential risks and ensuring the long-term safe and efficient operation of the gas storage facility.

[0058] This application embodiment completes the key transformation from model simulation to engineering application by outputting a dynamic operating pressure design envelope, transforming abstract simulation data into a concrete and operable scheduling basis, and effectively solving the problem of the disconnect between critical pressure values ​​and actual production scheduling.

[0059] Example 2 This invention also provides a gas storage pressure design device based on thermo-fluid-structure interaction simulation, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the device includes: Modeling module 100 is used to collect experimental data of the target gas storage, construct an initial mechanical model of the gas storage and initialize model parameters, and construct a thermal-fluid-structure interaction model by utilizing the convective heat transfer process and mechanical behavior of compressed air in the gas storage. The verification module 200 is used to perform reverse verification and parameter inversion based on the constructed thermal-fluid-structure interaction model and the existing historical injection and production data of the gas storage facility. Design module 300 is used to set operating pressure design constraints based on a validated thermo-fluid-structure interaction model, perform multi-cycle pressure simulation, and determine the highest injection pressure and lowest extraction pressure that meet the constraints through parameter scanning or optimization algorithms. The output module 400 is used to post-process the simulation results based on the obtained simulation results and output the operating pressure envelope diagram of the gas storage tank throughout its entire design life, so as to obtain the safe pressure window for different operating stages.

[0060] Example 3 To implement the methods of the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor; wherein the processor runs a program corresponding to the executable program code by reading executable program code stored in the memory, so as to implement the various steps of the methods described above.

[0061] Example 4 To implement the above embodiments, this application also proposes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0062] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0064] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

Claims

1. A method for designing the pressure of a gas storage facility based on thermo-fluid-structure interaction simulation, characterized in that, include: S1. Collect experimental data of the target gas storage, construct an initial mechanical model of the gas storage and initialize the model parameters, and construct a thermal-fluid-structure interaction model by utilizing the convective heat transfer process and mechanical behavior of compressed air in the gas storage. S2, based on the constructed thermal-fluid-structure interaction model, uses existing historical injection and production data from the gas storage facility for reverse verification and parameter inversion; S3, set the design constraint criteria for operating pressure, perform multi-cycle pressure cycle simulation based on the verified thermo-fluid-structure interaction model, and determine the highest injection pressure and lowest gas extraction pressure that meet the constraint conditions through parameter scanning or optimization algorithms; S4. Based on the obtained simulation results, the simulation results are post-processed to output the operating pressure envelope diagram of the gas storage tank throughout its entire design life, and the safe pressure window for different operating stages is obtained.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of collecting experimental data from the target gas storage facility, constructing an initial mechanical model of the gas storage facility, and initializing the model parameters also includes: By combining geological, well logging, seismic and rock engineering measurement parameters of the gas storage facility, a three-dimensional structural model of the gas storage facility, including the initial chamber and gas pipeline, is established. After the initial mechanical model of the gas storage facility is meshed, it is imported into a multiphysics coupling simulation platform including COMSOL Multiphysics or ABAQUS, and initial parameters are assigned to the initial mechanical model of the gas storage facility.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The model parameters of the initial mechanical model of the gas storage facility include: The structural parameters of the gas storage facility include the chamber diameter, chamber length, pipe wall thickness, gas pipeline location, gas pipeline diameter, steel lining thickness, and reinforced concrete structure thickness. High-pressure thin-walled mechanics, parameters include elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, cohesion, internal friction angle, and strength; The working fluid thermophysical parameters include the rock's thermal expansion coefficient, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity, as well as the gas storage working fluid's density, viscosity, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and volumetric expansion coefficient. The initial physical field includes parameters such as the initial pressure field, initial stress field, and initial temperature field.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The method of constructing a thermo-fluid-structure interaction model by utilizing the convective heat transfer process and mechanical behavior of compressed air in the gas storage tank also includes: In the simulation software, activate the viscous fluid, solid mechanics, and heat transfer modules, and set the corresponding coupling variables to obtain the thermo-fluid-solid coupling model; The thermo-fluid-structure interaction model is used to: simulate the flow, temperature and pressure changes, and mechanical behavior of gas in a gas storage tank; achieve bidirectional coupling between the fluid domain and the solid domain through the dynamic relationship between pipe wall displacement, effective stress, and plastic strain; and achieve coupling between the temperature field and the stress field through thermal expansion stress.

5. In the process of thermo-fluid-structure interaction, the boundary conditions between the fluid and the solid are expressed as: The kinematic boundary conditions are expressed as follows: ； The dynamic boundary conditions are expressed as follows: ； The heat transfer boundary conditions are expressed as follows: ； in, Subscript Represents fluid, subscript It represents a solid.

6. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The operating pressure design constraint criteria also include: Upper limit constraints: The maximum principal stress at any location in the chamber shall not exceed its tensile strength, the stress of the steel lining structure surrounding the chamber shall not exceed its yield strength, and the strain of the chamber wall shall not exceed the allowable value; Lower limit constraints: The bottom flow pressure of the production well shall not be lower than the minimum fluid carrying pressure to prevent fluid accumulation; the reservoir pressure shall not be lower than the minimum pressure to prevent water inrush; and the concrete structure around the well wall shall not suffer shear failure.

7. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The determination of the maximum injection pressure and minimum extraction pressure that satisfy the constraints also includes: The maximum allowable gas injection pressure is taken as the upper limit of the operating pressure, Pmax; and the minimum allowable gas extraction pressure is taken as the lower limit of the operating pressure, Pmin.

8. The method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Based on the simulation results, the simulation results are post-processed to output the operating pressure envelope diagram of the gas storage facility throughout its entire design life, obtaining the safe pressure windows for different operating stages, including: The simulation results are post-processed to generate a pressure envelope diagram with running time on the horizontal axis and pressure on the vertical axis. By operating the pressure envelope diagram, we obtain the upper and lower limits of operating pressure that vary over time, thus forming a dynamic safe operating window.

9. A pressure design device for a gas storage facility based on thermo-fluid-structure interaction simulation, characterized in that, include: The modeling module is used to collect experimental data of the target gas storage, construct an initial mechanical model of the gas storage and initialize the model parameters, and construct a thermal-fluid-structure interaction model by utilizing the convective heat transfer process and mechanical behavior of compressed air in the gas storage. The verification module is used to perform reverse verification and parameter inversion based on the constructed thermal-fluid-structure interaction model and the existing injection and production historical data of the gas storage facility. The design module is used to set operating pressure design constraints based on a validated thermo-fluid-structure interaction model, perform multi-cycle pressure simulation, and determine the highest injection pressure and lowest extraction pressure that meet the constraints through parameter scanning or optimization algorithms. The output module is used to post-process the simulation results based on the obtained simulation results and output the operating pressure envelope diagram of the gas storage facility throughout its entire design life, so as to obtain the safe pressure window for different operating stages.

10. A computer device, characterized in that, Including processor and memory; The processor reads the executable program code stored in the memory to run the program corresponding to the executable program code, so as to implement the gas storage pressure design method based on thermo-fluid-structure interaction simulation as described in any one of claims 1-7.

11. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the gas storage pressure design method based on thermal-fluid-structure interaction simulation as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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