A floating fish pass design method

Abstract

The application provides a floating fishway design method, and relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering.The method comprises the following steps: obtaining fish passing parameters corresponding to a target river channel and tail water flow field distribution, and determining a target fish inlet position based on the fish passing parameters and the tail water flow field distribution; determining a fishway design length of a floating section based on fixed section characteristic water level information, downstream characteristic water level information and a preset hydraulic slope ratio range; obtaining initial design parameters, and simulating flow velocity and water depth in the floating section under multiple preset water level combination working conditions based on the initial design parameters and the fishway design length to obtain simulation results; when all the simulation results match the fish passing parameters, determining target design parameters based on the target fish inlet position, the initial design parameters and the fishway design length, and determining a target volume of an adjustable water tank based on the target design parameters.The target design parameters of the floating fishway in the application meet the fish passing parameters under multiple preset water level combination working conditions, and effectively meet the fish passing demand.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and more specifically, to a design method for a floating fishway. Background Technology

[0002] With economic development, the number of water conservancy and hydropower projects built on rivers has been increasing. While these projects have brought significant benefits in power generation, flood control, and irrigation, it is undeniable that they have hindered fish migration and reproduction to some extent. To alleviate this problem, fishway construction has become an essential supporting facility for water conservancy and hydropower projects.

[0003] Currently, when river water levels fluctuate significantly, multiple fish inlets are typically installed to ensure fish can smoothly enter fish passages under varying water conditions, adapting to changes in downstream water levels. However, due to the limited number of suitable fish inlets in actual river channels, the effectiveness of fish passages is greatly reduced, and existing fish passage designs struggle to effectively meet fish passage requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The problem solved by this invention is how to effectively meet the fish passage requirements in complex hydraulic environments.

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a floating fishway design method, applied to a floating fishway. The floating fishway includes a fixed section located upstream of the target river channel, a floating section located downstream of the target river channel, and an adjustable water tank connected to the floating section. The fixed section is connected to the floating section, and when the adjustable water tank is filled or defilled, the floating section swings vertically relative to the fixed section. The floating fishway design method includes:

[0006] Obtain the fish passage parameters and tailwater flow field distribution corresponding to the target river channel, and determine the target fish inlet location based on the fish passage parameters and tailwater flow field distribution; wherein, the fish passage parameters include the design flow velocity range, minimum water depth, and fish species to be passed;

[0007] The upstream and downstream characteristic water level information of the target river channel are obtained. When the downstream characteristic water level information meets the preset amplitude condition, the fixed section characteristic water level information corresponding to the fixed section is determined according to the upstream characteristic water level information. Based on the fixed section characteristic water level information, the downstream characteristic water level information and the preset hydraulic slope range, the fishway design length of the floating section is determined.

[0008] The simulation steps include obtaining the initial design parameters of the floating fishway, and simulating the flow velocity and water depth within the floating section under multiple preset water level combinations based on the initial design parameters and the fishway design length, to obtain simulation results; wherein, the preset water level combinations are determined based on the characteristic water level information of the fixed section and the characteristic water level information of the downstream section; the initial design parameters are determined based on the fish species passing through, and the initial design parameters include the fishway design width and the fishway design height;

[0009] When all the simulation results match the fish passage parameters, the target design parameters of the fixed section and the floating section are determined based on the target fish inlet position, the initial design parameters and the fishway design length, and the target volume of the adjustable water tank is determined based on the target design parameters.

[0010] Optionally, the floating fishway design method further includes:

[0011] If at least one of the simulation results does not match the fish passage parameters, the initial design parameters are updated, and the simulation process is repeated until all the simulation results match the fish passage parameters.

[0012] Optionally, the tailwater flow field distribution includes sub-tailwater flow field distributions corresponding to each of the preset water level combination conditions; determining the target fish inlet location based on the fish passage parameters and the tailwater flow field distribution includes:

[0013] Based on the distribution of the tailwater flow field of each of the aforementioned sub-tails, the river channel locations that meet the preset fish passage conditions are selected from the target river channels to obtain the target fish inlet locations; wherein, the preset fish passage conditions include the flow velocity at the river channel location being within the design flow velocity range, the water depth at the river channel location being greater than the minimum water depth, the river channel location being within a preset range of the upstream path corresponding to the fish species, and the flow velocity gradient at the river channel location being greater than a preset gradient threshold.

[0014] Optionally, the fixed section characteristic water level information includes the highest water level and the lowest water level of the fixed section; the downstream characteristic water level information includes the highest water level and the lowest water level of the downstream; the preset amplitude condition includes the water level difference between the highest and lowest water levels of the downstream being greater than a preset water level threshold.

[0015] The fishway design length satisfies:

[0016] ;

[0017] Wherein, L represents the designed length of the fishway; h1 represents the highest water level of the fixed section, h2 represents the lowest water level of the fixed section; H1 represents the highest water level downstream, H2 represents the lowest water level downstream; k1 and k2 represent preset coefficients, which are determined based on the preset hydraulic gradient range.

[0018] Optionally, the fixed section characteristic water level information further includes the fixed section frequently encountered water level, and the downstream characteristic water level information further includes the downstream frequently encountered water level; the preset water level combination conditions include: the conditions where the highest water level of the fixed section is combined with the highest water level and the lowest water level of the downstream, the conditions where the lowest water level of the fixed section is combined with the highest water level and the lowest water level of the downstream, and the conditions where the frequently encountered water level of the fixed section is combined with the frequently encountered water level of the downstream.

[0019] Optionally, the simulation results include the simulated water depth and simulated flow velocity corresponding to each of the preset water level combinations; after obtaining the simulation results, it further includes:

[0020] Determine whether the simulated flow velocity corresponding to all preset water level combination conditions is within the design flow velocity range, and whether the simulated water depth corresponding to all preset water level combination conditions is greater than the minimum water depth;

[0021] If so, then all the simulation results are determined to match the fish passage parameters;

[0022] If not, then at least one of the simulation results is determined to be inconsistent with the fish passage parameters.

[0023] Optionally, determining the target design parameters for the fixed section and the floating section based on the target fish inlet location, the initial design parameters, and the fishway design length includes:

[0024] Based on the target fish inlet position, determine the target position of the tail end of the floating section on the horizontal projection plane. Based on the fishway design length, determine the target length of the floating section. Based on the target length, determine the horizontal section length and inclined section slope of the adjustable water tank. Based on the sum of the maximum value of all simulated water depths and the preset water depth threshold, determine the fishway height of the floating section and the fixed section. Based on the fishway design width, determine the inner width and outer width of the fishway of the floating section and the fixed section.

[0025] Optionally, before determining the target volume of the adjustable water tank based on the target design parameters, the method further includes:

[0026] The target material corresponding to the floating fishway is determined, and the target weight and center of gravity position of the floating segment are determined based on the target material and the target design parameters.

[0027] Optionally, determining the target volume of the adjustable water tank based on the target design parameters includes:

[0028] The simulated water depth corresponding to the working condition of the combination of the highest water level in the fixed section and the lowest water level downstream is obtained to obtain the target water depth;

[0029] Determine the horizontal distance between the center of gravity position and the hinge point of the fixed segment and the floating segment;

[0030] Based on the target water depth, the horizontal distance, the target weight, and the target design parameters, the volume of the adjustable water tank that satisfies the torque balance condition at the hinge point is determined, thus obtaining the target volume.

[0031] Optionally, the target volume satisfies:

[0032] ;

[0033] Wherein, V represents the target volume; B represents the outer width of the fishway, b represents the inner width of the fishway; L represents the target length, L1 represents the length of the horizontal segment, and L... g G represents the horizontal distance; ρ represents the target weight; g represents the density of the target material; H represents the gravitational acceleration. d This indicates the preset minimum draft of the floating section at the lowest downstream water level; h h represents the target water depth; i represents the slope of the inclined section.

[0034] In this invention, the fixed section and the floating section of the floating fishway are connected. When the adjustable water tank is filled or drained, the floating section swings vertically relative to the fixed section, which facilitates flexible adjustment of the floating section's position. Therefore, only one floating fishway is needed to adapt to different water level changes upstream and downstream of the target river. This invention obtains fish passage parameters such as the design flow velocity range, minimum water depth, and fish species, as well as the tailrace flow field distribution of the target river. Based on these parameters and flow field distribution, the target fish inlet location is determined. This allows for a comprehensive understanding of the actual hydraulic conditions and fish passage requirements of the target river, ensuring the rationality of the target fish inlet location and providing a reliable reference for the subsequent parameter design of the floating fishway. Based on this, the present invention grasps the actual water level change characteristics by acquiring upstream and downstream characteristic water level information. When the downstream characteristic water level information meets the preset amplitude conditions, it indicates that the downstream water level amplitude meets the application conditions of the floating fishway. At this time, the fixed section characteristic water level information is determined based on the upstream characteristic water level information, and the design length of the floating section fishway is determined based on the fixed section characteristic water level information, the downstream characteristic water level information, and the preset hydraulic gradient range, which helps to ensure the rationality of the floating section fishway design length. Furthermore, the present invention obtains the initial design parameters of the floating fishway based on the fish species, and simulates the flow velocity and water depth in the floating section under multiple preset water level combinations based on the initial design parameters and the fishway design length, which helps to ensure the reliability of the simulation results. Among them, the preset water level combinations are determined based on the fixed section characteristic water level information and the downstream characteristic water level information, which is beneficial to simulating the water flow in the floating section under different water level changes in the target river. When all simulation results match the fish passage parameters, determining the target design parameters for the fixed and floating sections based on the target fish inlet location, initial design parameters, and fishway design length helps ensure that the floating fishway provides a suitable migration environment for fish under different water level conditions. Furthermore, this invention uses the target design parameters to deduce the required target volume of the adjustable tank. This ensures that the adjustable tank can adjust the vertical sway of the floating section through reasonable filling and emptying operations to adapt to different water level changes, maintaining stable and suitable water flow conditions within the floating fishway. This ensures reliable operation of the floating fishway under different water level conditions, effectively meeting the fish passage requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the floating fishway design method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a floating fishway according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a floating fishway according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the floating fishway design device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although some embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] It should be understood that the various steps described in the method embodiments of the present invention may be performed in different orders and / or in parallel. Furthermore, the method embodiments may include additional steps and / or omit the steps shown. The scope of the present invention is not limited in this respect.

[0042] The term "comprising" and its variations as used herein are open-ended, meaning "including but not limited to". The term "based on" means "at least partially based on". The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments"; the term "optionally" means "optional embodiments". Definitions of other terms will be given in the following description. It should be noted that the concepts of "first", "second", etc., mentioned in this invention are used only to distinguish different devices, modules, or units, and are not intended to limit the order of functions performed by these devices, modules, or units or their interdependencies.

[0043] It should be noted that the terms "a" and "a plurality of" used in this invention are illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise expressly indicated in the context, they should be understood as "one or more".

[0044] Hydropower projects constructed on rivers can hinder fish migration and reproduction to some extent. Therefore, fishway construction has become an essential supporting facility for low- and medium-head hydropower projects. Existing fishways generally consist of an inlet section, a fish passage section, and an outlet section. The inlet is located downstream, and the outlet is upstream. Their effectiveness is greatly affected by fluctuations in the inlet water level. When the inlet water level drops too much, and the inlet depth is significantly less than the outlet depth, the inlet flow velocity increases dramatically, even causing a drop, making it difficult for fish to enter and resulting in fish passage failure. Conversely, when the inlet water level rises too much, the inlet may be submerged, the flow velocity decreases significantly, and fish may fail to find the entrance. Therefore, in rivers with large water level fluctuations, multiple fish inlets are typically installed to adapt to downstream water level changes.

[0045] However, since fish passage inlets are generally best located at the end of fish migration routes, for riverbed hydroelectric power plants, the closer to the tailrace upstream of the powerhouse, the better. The above solutions rely on suitable topography and geological conditions, and it is often difficult for multiple fish passage inlets to simultaneously provide favorable conditions for fish entry, thus failing to effectively meet the fish passage requirements in complex hydrological environments.

[0046] To address the problems existing in the aforementioned related technologies, embodiments of the present invention provide a floating fishway design method.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a floating fishway design method, which is applied to a floating fishway. The floating fishway includes a fixed section located upstream of the target river channel, a floating section located downstream of the target river channel, and an adjustable water tank connected to the floating section. The fixed section and the floating section are connected. When the adjustable water tank is filled or drained, the floating section swings vertically relative to the fixed section. The floating fishway design method includes the following steps:

[0048] S1: Obtain the fish passage parameters and tailwater flow field distribution corresponding to the target river channel, and determine the target fish inlet location based on the fish passage parameters and tailwater flow field distribution; wherein, the fish passage parameters include the design flow velocity range, minimum water depth and fish species.

[0049] Specifically, in this embodiment, the floating fishway design method is applied to a floating fishway, which refers to a hydraulic structure that assists fish in migrating through river obstacles (such as dams). It includes a fixed section located upstream of the target river channel, a floating section located downstream of the target river channel, and an adjustable water tank connected to the floating section. The fixed section and the floating section are connected, and when the adjustable water tank is filled or defilled, the floating section swings vertically relative to the fixed section. A schematic diagram of the floating fishway structure in this embodiment is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2In the diagram, FD represents the floating section, GD represents the fixed section, and SC represents the adjustable water tank; J represents the hinge point between the floating and fixed sections. When the adjustable water tank SC is being filled or drained, the floating section FD swings vertically relative to the fixed section GD around the hinge point J, thus adapting to different water level changes.

[0050] In one embodiment, the target river channel refers to a specific river section (such as upstream and downstream of a dam) where a floating fishway needs to be constructed. The fish passage parameters referred to in this embodiment are parameters related to fish passage through the fishway in the target river channel. These can be determined through fish resource surveys and swimming ability tests of the target river channel, and mainly include parameters such as the design flow velocity range, minimum water depth, and fish species. The design flow velocity range represents the range of water flow velocity suitable for fish migration through the fishway; the minimum water depth represents the lowest water level depth that ensures fish can pass smoothly through the fishway; and the fish species represent the main fish species served by the fishway. The tailrace flow field distribution referred to in this embodiment represents the distribution of water flow velocity, direction, etc., downstream of the target river channel due to factors such as the interaction between water flow and obstacles. This can be determined through measurement analysis or simulation. The target fish inlet location referred to in this embodiment represents the location corresponding to the open end of the floating section. The target fish inlet location can be determined based on the fish passage parameters and the tailrace flow field distribution, such as selecting a location with a flow velocity distribution that conforms to the design flow velocity range as the target fish inlet location.

[0051] S2: Obtain upstream and downstream characteristic water level information corresponding to the target river channel. When the downstream characteristic water level information meets the preset amplitude conditions, determine the fixed section characteristic water level information corresponding to the fixed section based on the upstream characteristic water level information. Based on the fixed section characteristic water level information, downstream characteristic water level information, and preset hydraulic gradient range, determine the design length of the floating section fishway.

[0052] Specifically, the upstream characteristic water level information referred to in this embodiment refers to representative water level data of the upstream of the target river channel, which may include the highest water level, lowest water level, and average water level. These data reflect the range and characteristics of upstream water level changes. The downstream characteristic water level information referred to in this embodiment refers to representative water level data of the downstream of the target river channel, which may also include the highest water level, lowest water level, and average water level, used to characterize downstream water level changes. The preset amplitude condition referred to in this embodiment refers to pre-set standards for measuring whether the amplitude of downstream characteristic water level changes meets the standards for floating fishway applications, which can be formulated based on requirements such as the stability of fishway operation and hydraulic conditions.

[0053] In one embodiment, the fixed section characteristic water level information represents the water level characteristics related to the fixed section determined based on the upstream characteristic water level information, such as the highest and lowest operating water levels of the fixed section. Since the fixed section connects to the upstream, the water level within the fixed section is mainly determined by the upstream water level and the cross-sectional dimensions of the fixed section. The fixed section characteristic water level information can be determined based on the upstream water level characteristic information and the design boundary of the fishway shape of the fixed section (e.g., using a step-by-step estimation method). After determining the fixed section characteristic water level information and the downstream characteristic water level information, a hydraulic model can be established, using the fixed section characteristic water level information, the downstream characteristic water level information, and a preset hydraulic gradient range as inputs, to output the design length of the floating section fishway.

[0054] S3: Simulation steps. The simulation steps include obtaining the initial design parameters of the floating fishway, and simulating the flow velocity and water depth in the floating section under multiple preset water level combinations based on the initial design parameters and the fishway design length, and obtaining simulation results. Among them, the preset water level combinations are determined based on the characteristic water level information of the fixed section and the characteristic water level information of the downstream section. The initial design parameters are determined based on the types of fish passing through, and the initial design parameters include the fishway design width and the fishway design height.

[0055] Specifically, the initial design parameters referred to in this embodiment may include the design width and height of the fishway. Different fish species have different requirements for the inner width and height of the fishway due to differences in body size, habits, etc., and these parameters can be initially set according to the fish species. The preset water level combination conditions referred to in this embodiment represent various water level combinations set based on fixed section characteristic water level information and downstream characteristic water level information, which can comprehensively simulate the operation of the fishway under different actual water level conditions.

[0056] In one embodiment, the design width and height of the fishway can be initially determined as initial design parameters based on the size, habits, and other characteristics of the fish species. Based on the characteristic water level information of the fixed section and the downstream section, multiple preset water level combinations are established by arranging and combining different upstream and downstream water level values. On this basis, a three-dimensional model of the floating fishway can be established using fluid dynamics software (such as ANSYS Fluent) based on the initial design parameters and the fishway design length. Each preset water level combination is used as the model input condition to simulate the water flow within the floating section, obtaining the flow velocity and water depth data at various locations within the floating section under different preset water level combinations, thus yielding simulation results.

[0057] S4: When all simulation results match the fish passage parameters, determine the target design parameters of the fixed section and the floating section based on the target fish inlet position, initial design parameters and fishway design length, and determine the target volume of the adjustable water tank based on the target design parameters.

[0058] Specifically, the target design parameters referred to in this embodiment represent the final determined design parameters for the fixed and floating sections, which may include numerical values ​​for specific parameters such as the fish inlet location, the inner width of the fish passage, the height of the fish passage, and the length of the fish passage. The target volume of the adjustable water tank referred to in this embodiment represents the required volume of the adjustable water tank determined based on the target design parameters.

[0059] In one embodiment, the flow velocity and water depth data in each simulation result can be compared with the design flow velocity range and minimum water depth in the respective fish passage parameters. If all simulation results meet the fish passage parameter requirements, then all simulation results are considered to match the fish passage parameters. At this point, the target design parameters for the fixed section and the floating section can be determined based on the previously determined target fish inlet location, initial design parameters, and fishway design length (e.g., directly using the above parameters as target design parameters). Based on this, a torque balance analysis can be performed based on the floating section's structure, mass distribution, and the required adjustment angle range, thereby determining the target volume of the adjustable tank.

[0060] In this embodiment, the fixed section and the floating section of the floating fishway are connected. When the adjustable water tank is filled or drained, the floating section swings vertically relative to the fixed section, which facilitates flexible adjustment of the floating section's position. Thus, only one floating fishway is needed to adapt to different water level changes upstream and downstream of the target river. This embodiment obtains fish passage parameters such as the design flow velocity range, minimum water depth, and fish species, as well as the tailrace flow field distribution of the target river. Based on the fish passage parameters and tailrace flow field distribution, the target fish inlet location is determined. This helps to comprehensively understand the actual hydraulic conditions and fish passage requirements of the target river, ensuring the rationality of the target fish inlet location. It also provides a reliable reference for the subsequent parameter design of the floating fishway. Based on this, this embodiment obtains upstream and downstream characteristic water level information to understand the actual water level change characteristics. When the downstream characteristic water level information meets the preset amplitude conditions, it indicates that the downstream water level amplitude meets the application conditions of the floating fishway. At this time, the fixed section characteristic water level information is determined based on the upstream characteristic water level information. Based on the fixed section characteristic water level information, the downstream characteristic water level information, and the preset hydraulic gradient range, the design length of the floating section fishway is determined, which helps to ensure the rationality of the floating section fishway design length. Furthermore, this embodiment obtains the initial design parameters of the floating fishway based on the fish species, and simulates the flow velocity and water depth in the floating section under multiple preset water level combinations based on the initial design parameters and the fishway design length, which helps to ensure the reliability of the simulation results. Among them, the preset water level combinations are determined based on the fixed section characteristic water level information and the downstream characteristic water level information, which is beneficial to simulating the water flow in the floating section under different water level changes in the target river. When all simulation results match the fish passage parameters, determining the target design parameters for the fixed and floating sections based on the target fish inlet location, initial design parameters, and fishway design length helps ensure that the floating fishway provides a suitable migration environment for fish under different water level conditions. Furthermore, this embodiment uses the target design parameters to deduce the required target volume of the adjustable tank. This ensures that the adjustable tank can adjust the vertical sway of the floating section through reasonable filling and emptying operations to adapt to different water level changes, maintaining stable and suitable water flow conditions within the floating fishway. This ensures reliable operation of the floating fishway under different water level conditions, effectively meeting the fish passage requirements.

[0061] Optionally, the floating fishway design method further includes the following steps:

[0062] If at least one simulation result does not match the fish passage parameters, update the initial design parameters and return to the simulation step until all simulation results match the fish passage parameters.

[0063] In this embodiment, when at least one simulation result does not match the fish passage parameters, it indicates that the current initial design parameters are incompatible with the fish passage requirements under all preset water level combinations. At this point, a prompt message indicating that the matching condition is not met can be generated to remind the designer to adjust the initial design parameters. After receiving the adjusted design parameters, the initial design parameters can be updated based on the adjusted parameters, and the simulation process can be returned to the simulation step. Simulations under multiple preset water level combinations are then performed again with the updated initial design parameters until the simulation results under all preset water level combinations match the fish passage parameters. In this way, this embodiment can gradually optimize the fishway design, ensuring the reliability and rationality of the floating fishway design.

[0064] Optionally, in this embodiment, an update strategy for the initial design parameters can also be set in advance, such as gradually increasing (or decreasing) the fishway design width and / or fishway design height.

[0065] Optionally, the tailrace flow field distribution includes the sub-tailrace flow field distribution corresponding to each preset water level combination condition; the target fish inlet location is determined based on the fish passage parameters and the tailrace flow field distribution, including:

[0066] Based on the distribution of the tailwater flow field of each sub-channel, the target channel locations that meet the preset fish passage conditions are selected from the target channels to obtain the target fish inlet locations. The preset fish passage conditions include that the flow velocity at the channel location is within the design flow velocity range, the water depth at the channel location is greater than the minimum water depth, the channel location is within the preset range of the upstream path corresponding to the fish species, and the flow velocity gradient at the channel location is greater than the preset gradient threshold.

[0067] Specifically, in this embodiment, the target fish inlet location can be represented by coordinate points on the horizontal plane corresponding to the target river channel. These points can move vertically, adapting to the vertical swing of the relatively fixed section of the floating fishway. The tailrace flow field distribution in this embodiment includes the sub-tailrace flow field distributions corresponding to each preset water level combination, reflecting the flow characteristics of the tailrace region under specific preset water level combinations. This can be obtained through simulation of the tailrace flow field under different preset water level combinations. The preset fish passage conditions referred to in this embodiment represent a series of pre-set conditions used to select suitable locations for fish to enter the fishway. The sub-tailrace flow field distribution data can be compared one by one with the preset fish passage conditions to select locations that meet the preset fish passage conditions under different sub-tailrace flow field distributions, thereby obtaining the target fish inlet location.

[0068] In this embodiment, the preset fish passage conditions include: the river flow velocity at the location is within the design velocity range, which helps ensure that fish can swim through smoothly; the water depth at the location is greater than the minimum water depth, which helps prevent fish from getting stranded; the river location is within a preset range of the upstream path corresponding to the fish species, which helps to conform to the natural migration route of the fish species; and the flow velocity gradient at the location is greater than a preset gradient threshold, which helps to provide some water flow guidance for the fish, making it easier for the fish to effectively identify the target fish inlet location. This embodiment selects river locations that meet the preset fish passage conditions from the target river based on the tail flow field distribution corresponding to each preset water level combination condition. This helps to ensure the adaptability of the target fish inlet location to downstream water level changes, which helps to increase the probability of fish discovering and successfully entering the floating fishway, thereby effectively meeting the fish passage requirements.

[0069] Optionally, the fixed section characteristic water level information includes the highest water level and the lowest water level of the fixed section; the downstream characteristic water level information includes the highest water level and the lowest water level of the downstream; the preset amplitude condition includes the water level difference between the highest water level and the lowest water level of the downstream being greater than a preset water level threshold.

[0070] The fishway design length meets the following requirements:

[0071] ;

[0072] Where L represents the design length of the fishway; h1 represents the highest water level of the fixed section, h2 represents the lowest water level of the fixed section; H1 represents the highest water level downstream, H2 represents the lowest water level downstream; k1 and k2 represent preset coefficients, which are determined based on the preset hydraulic gradient range.

[0073] Optionally, the fixed section characteristic water level information also includes the fixed section frequently encountered water level, and the downstream characteristic water level information also includes the downstream frequently encountered water level; the preset water level combination conditions include: the conditions where the highest water level of the fixed section is combined with the highest water level and the lowest water level of the downstream respectively, the conditions where the lowest water level of the fixed section is combined with the highest water level and the lowest water level of the downstream respectively, and the conditions where the frequently encountered water level of the fixed section is combined with the frequently encountered water level of the downstream.

[0074] Specifically, in this embodiment, the fixed-section characteristic water level information includes the highest and lowest water levels of the fixed section, which can be determined based on the highest and lowest upstream water levels in the upstream characteristic water level information. In this embodiment, the downstream characteristic water level information includes the highest and lowest downstream water levels, which can be determined through actual observation. In this embodiment, the preset amplitude condition includes a water level difference between the highest and lowest downstream water levels exceeding a preset water level threshold, which can be set in advance (e.g., 2 to 2.5 meters). Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2In Table 1, h1 represents the highest water level in the fixed section, h2 represents the lowest water level in the fixed section, and h0 represents the commonly encountered water level in the fixed section; H1 represents the highest water level downstream, H2 represents the lowest water level downstream, and H0 represents the commonly encountered water level downstream. As shown in Table 1, the preset water level combination conditions in this embodiment may include: the conditions where the highest water level in the fixed section is combined with the highest and lowest water levels downstream, the conditions where the lowest water level in the fixed section is combined with the highest and lowest water levels downstream, and the conditions where the commonly encountered water level in the fixed section is combined with the commonly encountered water level downstream.

[0075] Table 1. Operating conditions for each preset water level combination

[0076]

[0077] In one embodiment, the water level difference between the highest and lowest downstream water levels can be obtained, and it can be determined whether it exceeds a preset water level threshold. If so, the design length of the floating section fishway can be determined based on the fixed section characteristic water level information, the downstream characteristic water level information, and a preset hydraulic gradient range. In this embodiment, the hydraulic gradient coefficient satisfies:

[0078] ;

[0079] Where k represents the hydraulic gradient coefficient. The value represents the water level difference between the fixed section and the downstream water level, and L represents the designed length of the fishway.

[0080] Based on the above formula, we can obtain:

[0081] ;

[0082] This embodiment considers extreme cases involving differences in water levels between upstream and downstream. The first working condition refers to the working condition where the difference between the lowest water level in the fixed section and the highest water level downstream is the smallest (hereinafter referred to as the first working condition), and the second working condition refers to the working condition where the difference between the highest water level in the fixed section and the lowest water level downstream is the largest (hereinafter referred to as the second working condition). To meet the hydraulic gradient range requirements (e.g., 1% to 3%) under the above extreme working conditions, the hydraulic gradient under the first working condition needs to be greater than the minimum value of the preset hydraulic gradient range, and the hydraulic gradient under the second working condition needs to be less than the maximum value of the preset hydraulic gradient range. Therefore:

[0083] ;

[0084] ;

[0085] Accordingly:

[0086] ;

[0087] make: , Then we have:

[0088] ;

[0089] Taking a preset slope ratio range of 1% to 3% as an example, , ,but , .

[0090] In this embodiment, the difference between the lowest water level in the fixed section and the highest water level downstream represents the condition with the smallest water level difference between upstream and downstream, while the difference between the highest water level in the fixed section and the lowest water level downstream represents the condition with the largest water level difference between upstream and downstream. This embodiment, by constraining the hydraulic gradient ratio corresponding to the above two extreme conditions to be within a preset hydraulic gradient ratio range, inversely calculates the design length of the floating section fishway. This helps ensure that the floating fishway can meet the hydraulic gradient ratio requirements under complex hydraulic changes, maintain suitable water flow velocity and water depth conditions for fish migration, provide a good migration channel for fish, and thus improve the success rate of fish passing through the fishway.

[0091] Optionally, the simulation results include the simulated water depth and simulated flow velocity corresponding to each preset water level combination condition; after obtaining the simulation results, the following steps are also included:

[0092] Determine whether the simulated flow velocity corresponding to all preset water level combination conditions is within the design flow velocity range, and whether the simulated water depth corresponding to all preset water level combination conditions is greater than the minimum water depth.

[0093] If so, then all simulation results are determined to match the fish passage parameters;

[0094] If not, then at least one simulation result is determined to be mismatched with the fish passage parameters.

[0095] In this embodiment, the simulation results include the simulated water depth and simulated flow velocity corresponding to each preset water level combination. After determining the simulation results, it can be judged whether the simulated flow velocity corresponding to each preset water level combination is within the design flow velocity range, and whether the simulated water depth corresponding to each preset water level combination is greater than the minimum water depth. If so, it means that the simulation results under all preset water level combinations match the fish passage parameters. If not, it means that the simulation results under at least one preset water level combination do not match the fish passage parameters. This embodiment, by judging whether the simulation results corresponding to each preset water level combination match the fish passage parameters, can effectively evaluate the rationality of the initial design parameters, which helps to avoid the fishway failing to meet the fish migration needs due to unreasonable initial design parameters.

[0096] Optionally, the target design parameters for the fixed and floating sections are determined based on the target fish inlet location, initial design parameters, and fishway design length, including:

[0097] Based on the target fish inlet location, determine the target position of the tail end of the floating section on the horizontal projection plane. Based on the fishway design length, determine the target length of the floating section. Based on the target length, determine the horizontal section length and inclined section slope of the adjustable water tank. Based on the sum of the maximum value of all simulated water depths and the preset water depth threshold, determine the fishway height of the floating and fixed sections. Based on the fishway design width, determine the inner and outer widths of the fishway for the floating and fixed sections.

[0098] In this embodiment, when all simulation results match the fish passage parameters, it indicates that the currently determined design parameters can meet the fish passage requirements of the floating fishway under different water level conditions. At this point, the target design parameters for the fixed and floating sections can be determined based on the target fish inlet location, initial design parameters, and fishway design length. This includes determining the target position of the floating section's tail end on the horizontal projection plane based on the target fish inlet location. Specifically, the center point of the cross-section at the tail end of the floating section can be selected as the target position, constraining the projection of the target position on the horizontal plane to coincide with the target fish inlet location. This ensures that the floating section's position on the target river channel's horizontal plane is conducive to fish entry. Based on this, the fishway design length can be used as the target length of the floating section. In this embodiment, the adjustable water tank includes a horizontal section and an inclined section. The horizontal section is used to house the chamber for filling and emptying water, while the inclined section is located between the horizontal section and the hinge point to accommodate devices such as inlet and outlet pipes, facilitating the filling and emptying operation of the adjustable water tank. The length of the horizontal section of the adjustable water tank below the floating section can be determined based on a preset ratio of the target length, and the slope of the inclined section can be determined based on the difference between the horizontal section length and the target length. Furthermore, this embodiment can also determine the fishway height of the floating and fixed sections based on the sum of the maximum value of all simulated water depths and a preset water depth threshold (e.g., 0.5m), which helps ensure sufficient water depth for the floating fishway under various water level conditions. The inner and outer widths of the floating and fixed sections can also be determined based on the fishway design width. For example, the fishway design width can be used as the inner width, and the outer width can be further determined by considering the fishway design wall thickness (e.g., 0.1m). Thus, this embodiment determines the target design parameters of the fixed and floating sections based on the target fish inlet location, initial design parameters, and fishway design length, ensuring smooth passage for fish within the floating fishway while also considering the rationality of the engineering structure, comprehensively improving the rationality and reliability of the floating fishway design.

[0099] Optionally, before determining the target volume of the adjustable tank based on the target design parameters, the following steps are also included:

[0100] Determine the target material for the floating fishway, and based on the target material and target design parameters, determine the target weight and center of gravity position of the floating section.

[0101] Optionally, the target volume of the adjustable water tank is determined based on the target design parameters, including:

[0102] The simulated water depth corresponding to the working condition of the combination of the highest water level in the fixed section and the lowest water level downstream is obtained to obtain the target water depth;

[0103] Determine the horizontal distance between the center of gravity and the hinge point of the fixed and floating segments;

[0104] Based on the target water depth, horizontal distance, target weight, and target design parameters, the volume of the adjustable water tank that satisfies the torque balance condition at the hinge point is determined, thus obtaining the target volume.

[0105] Optionally, the target volume satisfies:

[0106] ;

[0107] Where V represents the target volume; B represents the outer width of the fishway, b represents the inner width of the fishway; L represents the target length, L1 represents the horizontal segment length, and L g G represents the horizontal distance; ρ represents the target weight; g represents the density of the target material; H represents the gravitational acceleration. d This indicates the preset minimum draft of the floating section at the lowest downstream water level; h h 'i' represents the target water depth; 'i' represents the slope of the inclined section.

[0108] Specifically, in this embodiment, the target material refers to the material selected for constructing the floating fishway based on factors such as the fishway's operating environment, durability, and cost, such as steel. Different materials have different physical and mechanical properties, which will affect the weight and center of gravity of the fishway. After determining the target material for the floating fishway, the target weight of the floating section and the position of its center of gravity can be determined based on the target material and target design parameters (e.g., using 3D software to perform parametric modeling of the floating fishway based on the target material and target design parameters, thereby simulating the target weight and center of gravity position of the floating fishway).

[0109] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 In the diagram, ZC represents a support component (such as a bearing housing) that supports the trunnion. The fixed section and the floating section are hinged together by the trunnion, allowing the floating section to swing vertically. On the vertical projection plane, the center of the trunnion can be considered as the hinge point J between the fixed and floating sections. Figure 2 In the diagram, L represents the target length, L1 represents the horizontal segment length, and L... g H represents the horizontal distance between the hinge point J and the center of gravity of the floating segment. dThe minimum draft of the floating section is represented by , where 'i' represents the slope of the inclined section. After determining the target design parameters, the target volume of the adjustable tank can be determined based on these parameters. First, the simulated water depth corresponding to the combination of the highest water level of the fixed section and the lowest water level downstream is obtained to arrive at the target water depth. This condition represents the most stringent buoyancy requirement during the operation of the floating fishway (the adjustable tank is filled with water to achieve the maximum achievable hydraulic slope ratio). Determining the volume of the adjustable tank based on the simulated water depth under this condition helps ensure the reliability of the floating fishway under complex water level changes. Furthermore, determining the horizontal distance between the center of gravity and the hinge point between the fixed and floating sections helps in understanding the lever arm length corresponding to the weight of the floating section, providing a basic reference for subsequent moment balance analysis of the hinge point. Based on this, and considering the target water depth, horizontal distance, target weight, and target design parameters, the volume of the adjustable tank that satisfies the moment balance condition at the hinge point is determined, thus obtaining the target volume.

[0110] A cross-sectional view of the floating fishway in this embodiment is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 In the diagram, B represents the outer width of the fishway, b represents the inner width of the fishway, H represents the height of the fishway, GB represents the inner baffles of the fishway (after determining the inner width, height, and target length of the fishway, they can be set according to preset intervals), and h represents the inner baffles of the fishway. h The target water depth is represented by SC, which represents the adjustable water tank. SC has a polygonal cross-section, which helps improve structural strength. In this embodiment, the torques mainly experienced by hinge point J include the torque generated by the self-weight of the floating fishway, the torque generated by the water inside the floating fishway, the torque generated by the water filling the adjustable water tank, and the torque generated by the buoyancy of the floating section. Based on this, a torque balance equation for hinge point J can be constructed.

[0111] The torque generated by the self-weight of the floating section satisfies:

[0112] ;

[0113] in, The torque generated by the self-weight of the floating section is represented by G, and the target weight is represented by L. g This indicates the horizontal distance between the hinge point and the center of gravity of the floating segment.

[0114] The torque generated by the weight of the water inside the floating fishway satisfies:

[0115] ;

[0116] in, The torque generated by the weight of the water inside the floating fishway is represented by ρ, the density of the target material is represented by g, g represents the acceleration due to gravity, b represents the width of the fishway, L represents the target length, and h represents the torque generated by the weight of the water inside the floating fishway. hIndicates the target water depth.

[0117] The torque generated by the water filling the adjustable water tank satisfies:

[0118] ;

[0119] in, The torque generated by the water in the adjustable water tank is represented by ρ, the density of the target material is represented by g, the gravitational acceleration is represented by V, the target volume of the adjustable water tank is represented by L, the target length is represented by L1, and the length of the horizontal section is represented by L1.

[0120] The torque generated by the buoyancy force on the floating section satisfies:

[0121] ;

[0122] in, The torque generated by the buoyancy force on the floating section is represented by ρ, the density of the target material is represented by g, the acceleration due to gravity is represented by B, the outer width of the fishway is represented by L1, and the length of the horizontal section is represented by H. d This indicates the preset minimum draft of the floating section at the lowest downstream water level, and i represents the slope of the inclined section.

[0123] Therefore, the torque balance equation for hinge point J can be constructed:

[0124] ;

[0125] Right now:

[0126] ;

[0127] Further derivation shows that the target volume of the adjustable water tank in this embodiment satisfies:

[0128] ;

[0129] Where V represents the target volume; B represents the outer width of the fishway, b represents the inner width of the fishway; L represents the target length, L1 represents the horizontal segment length, and L g G represents the horizontal distance; ρ represents the target weight; g represents the density of the target material; H represents the gravitational acceleration. d This indicates the preset minimum draft of the floating section at the lowest downstream water level; h h 'i' represents the target water depth; 'i' represents the slope of the inclined section.

[0130] In this embodiment, the simulated water depth corresponding to the combination of the highest water level in the fixed section and the lowest water level downstream represents a key parameter of the floating fishway under relatively extreme water level conditions. This combination of extreme conditions reflects the water depth of the fishway under the most unfavorable circumstances. Using this water depth as the target water depth to determine the volume of the adjustable tank helps ensure that the floating fishway can still meet the fish passage requirements under the worst water level conditions. Furthermore, after determining the target material of the floating fishway, the center of gravity position and target weight are determined based on the target material and target design parameters. The horizontal distance between the center of gravity position and the hinge point of the fixed and floating sections is also determined, which helps to grasp the torque brought by the self-weight of the floating fishway and provides a reliable reference for the subsequent torque balance analysis of the hinge point. On this basis, based on the target water depth, horizontal distance, target weight, and target design parameters, the volume of the adjustable tank that makes the hinge point meet the torque balance condition is determined. The hydraulic conditions (target water depth) and structural mechanical characteristics (horizontal distance, target weight, target design parameters) of the fishway are fully considered. By satisfying the torque balance condition to deduce the volume of the adjustable water tank, it can be ensured that the floating section can reliably swing when the water level changes through reasonable filling and emptying of the adjustable water tank, thereby ensuring that the water flow conditions in the floating fishway effectively meet the needs of fish passage.

[0131] like Figure 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a floating fishway design device 400, applied to a floating fishway. The floating fishway includes a fixed section located upstream of the target river channel, a floating section located downstream of the target river channel, and an adjustable water tank connected to the floating section. The fixed section is connected to the floating section. When the adjustable water tank is filled or drained, the floating section swings vertically relative to the fixed section. The floating fishway design device includes:

[0132] The acquisition module 410 is used to acquire the fish passage parameters and tailwater flow field distribution corresponding to the target river channel, and determine the target fish inlet location based on the fish passage parameters and tailwater flow field distribution; wherein, the fish passage parameters include the design flow velocity range, minimum water depth and fish species;

[0133] The determination module 420 is used to obtain upstream characteristic water level information and downstream characteristic water level information corresponding to the target river channel. When the downstream characteristic water level information meets the preset amplitude condition, the fixed segment characteristic water level information corresponding to the fixed segment is determined according to the upstream characteristic water level information. Based on the fixed segment characteristic water level information, the downstream characteristic water level information and the preset hydraulic slope range, the fishway design length of the floating segment is determined.

[0134] The simulation module 430 is used for a simulation step, which includes obtaining the initial design parameters of the floating fishway, and simulating the flow velocity and water depth in the floating section under multiple preset water level combinations based on the initial design parameters and the fishway design length, to obtain simulation results; wherein, the preset water level combinations are determined based on the characteristic water level information of the fixed section and the characteristic water level information of the downstream section; the initial design parameters are determined based on the fish species passing through, and the initial design parameters include the fishway design width and the fishway design height;

[0135] The matching module 440 is used to determine the target design parameters of the fixed section and the floating section based on the target fish inlet position, the initial design parameters and the fishway design length when all the simulation results match the fish passage parameters, and to determine the target volume of the adjustable water tank based on the target design parameters.

[0136] The floating fishway design device and the floating fishway design method provided in this embodiment can produce basically the same technical effects, and will not be described again here.

[0137] like Figure 5 As shown in the figure, an electronic device 500 provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a memory 510 and a processor 520; the memory 510 is used to store a computer program; the processor 520 is used to implement the floating fishway design method as described above when the computer program is executed.

[0138] Alternatively, an electronic device 500 includes a memory 510 and a processor 520 coupled to the memory 510; the memory 510 is configured to store a computer program; and the processor 520 is configured to perform the following operations when the computer program is executed:

[0139] Obtain the fish passage parameters and tailwater flow field distribution corresponding to the target river channel, and determine the target fish inlet location based on the fish passage parameters and tailwater flow field distribution; wherein, the fish passage parameters include the design flow velocity range, minimum water depth, and fish species to be passed;

[0140] The upstream and downstream characteristic water level information of the target river channel are obtained. When the downstream characteristic water level information meets the preset amplitude condition, the fixed section characteristic water level information corresponding to the fixed section is determined according to the upstream characteristic water level information. Based on the fixed section characteristic water level information, the downstream characteristic water level information and the preset hydraulic slope range, the fishway design length of the floating section is determined.

[0141] The simulation steps include obtaining the initial design parameters of the floating fishway, and simulating the flow velocity and water depth within the floating section under multiple preset water level combinations based on the initial design parameters and the fishway design length, to obtain simulation results; wherein, the preset water level combinations are determined based on the characteristic water level information of the fixed section and the characteristic water level information of the downstream section; the initial design parameters are determined based on the fish species passing through, and the initial design parameters include the fishway design width and the fishway design height;

[0142] When all the simulation results match the fish passage parameters, the target design parameters of the fixed section and the floating section are determined based on the target fish inlet position, the initial design parameters and the fishway design length, and the target volume of the adjustable water tank is determined based on the target design parameters.

[0143] The electronic device and the floating fishway design method provided in this embodiment can produce basically the same technical effects, and will not be described again here.

[0144] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the floating fishway design method described above.

[0145] Alternatively, a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the following operations:

[0146] Obtain the fish passage parameters and tailwater flow field distribution corresponding to the target river channel, and determine the target fish inlet location based on the fish passage parameters and tailwater flow field distribution; wherein, the fish passage parameters include the design flow velocity range, minimum water depth, and fish species to be passed;

[0147] The upstream and downstream characteristic water level information of the target river channel are obtained. When the downstream characteristic water level information meets the preset amplitude condition, the fixed section characteristic water level information corresponding to the fixed section is determined according to the upstream characteristic water level information. Based on the fixed section characteristic water level information, the downstream characteristic water level information and the preset hydraulic slope range, the fishway design length of the floating section is determined.

[0148] The simulation steps include obtaining the initial design parameters of the floating fishway, and simulating the flow velocity and water depth within the floating section under multiple preset water level combinations based on the initial design parameters and the fishway design length, to obtain simulation results; wherein, the preset water level combinations are determined based on the characteristic water level information of the fixed section and the characteristic water level information of the downstream section; the initial design parameters are determined based on the fish species passing through, and the initial design parameters include the fishway design width and the fishway design height;

[0149] When all the simulation results match the fish passage parameters, the target design parameters of the fixed section and the floating section are determined based on the target fish inlet position, the initial design parameters and the fishway design length, and the target volume of the adjustable water tank is determined based on the target design parameters.

[0150] The computer-readable storage medium provided in this embodiment and the floating fishway design method can produce essentially the same technical effects, and will not be described in detail here.

[0151] Electronic device 500, which can serve as a server or client of the present invention, is described below as an example of a hardware device applicable to various aspects of the present invention. Electronic device 500 is intended to represent various forms of digital electronic computer devices, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. Electronic device 500 can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the invention described and / or claimed herein.

[0152] Electronic device 500 includes a computing unit that can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on a computer program stored in read-only memory (ROM) or a computer program loaded from a storage unit into random access memory (RAM). The RAM may also store various programs and data required for device operation. The computing unit, ROM, and RAM are interconnected via a bus. Input / output (I / O) interfaces are also connected to the bus.

[0153] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory (ROM), or random access memory (RAM), etc. In this application, the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention according to actual needs. Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated units can be implemented in hardware or as software functional units.

[0154] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A floating fishway design method, characterized in that, An application to a floating fishway, the floating fishway comprising a fixed section located upstream of the target river channel, a floating section located downstream of the target river channel, and an adjustable water tank connected to the floating section; the fixed section is connected to the floating section, and when the adjustable water tank is filled or defilled, the floating section swings vertically relative to the fixed section; the floating fishway design method includes: Obtain the fish passage parameters and tailwater flow field distribution corresponding to the target river channel, and determine the target fish inlet location based on the fish passage parameters and tailwater flow field distribution; wherein, the fish passage parameters include the design flow velocity range, minimum water depth, and fish species to be passed; The upstream and downstream characteristic water level information of the target river channel are obtained. When the downstream characteristic water level information meets the preset amplitude condition, the fixed section characteristic water level information corresponding to the fixed section is determined according to the upstream characteristic water level information. Based on the fixed section characteristic water level information, the downstream characteristic water level information and the preset hydraulic slope range, the fishway design length of the floating section is determined. The simulation steps include obtaining the initial design parameters of the floating fishway, and simulating the flow velocity and water depth within the floating section under multiple preset water level combinations based on the initial design parameters and the fishway design length, to obtain simulation results; wherein, the preset water level combinations are determined based on the fixed section characteristic water level information and the downstream characteristic water level information; the initial design parameters are determined based on the fish species passing through, and include the fishway design width and fishway design height; wherein, the fixed section characteristic water level information includes the highest and lowest water levels of the fixed section; the downstream characteristic water level information includes the highest and lowest water levels of the downstream; the preset water level combinations include combinations of the highest water level of the fixed section with the highest and lowest water levels of the downstream; and the simulation results include the simulated water depth corresponding to each preset water level combination. When all the simulation results match the fish passage parameters, the target design parameters of the fixed section and the floating section are determined based on the target fish inlet position, the initial design parameters, and the fishway design length, and the target volume of the adjustable tank is determined based on the target design parameters; wherein, the target design parameters include the target length of the floating section, the horizontal section length and the inclined section slope of the adjustable tank, and the outer width and inner width of the fishway of the floating section and the fixed section; Before determining the target volume of the adjustable water tank based on the target design parameters, the method further includes: determining the target material corresponding to the floating fishway, and determining the target weight and center of gravity position of the floating section based on the target material and the target design parameters; The step of determining the target volume of the adjustable water tank based on the target design parameters includes: obtaining the simulated water depth corresponding to the working condition of the combination of the highest water level of the fixed section and the lowest water level downstream, to obtain the target water depth; determining the horizontal distance between the center of gravity position and the hinge point of the fixed section and the floating section; and determining the volume of the adjustable water tank that makes the hinge point satisfy the torque balance condition based on the target water depth, the horizontal distance, the target weight, and the target design parameters, to obtain the target volume. The target volume satisfies: ； Wherein, V represents the target volume; B represents the outer width of the fishway, b represents the inner width of the fishway; L represents the target length, L1 represents the length of the horizontal segment, and L... g G represents the horizontal distance; ρ represents the target weight; g represents the density of the target material; H represents the gravitational acceleration. d This indicates the preset minimum draft of the floating section at the lowest downstream water level; h h represents the target water depth; i represents the slope of the inclined section.

2. The floating fishway design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: If at least one of the simulation results does not match the fish passage parameters, the initial design parameters are updated, and the simulation process is repeated until all the simulation results match the fish passage parameters.

3. The floating fishway design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tailwater flow field distribution includes sub-tailwater flow field distributions corresponding to each of the preset water level combinations; determining the target fish inlet location based on the fish passage parameters and the tailwater flow field distribution includes: Based on the distribution of the tailwater flow field of each of the aforementioned sub-tails, the river channel locations that meet the preset fish passage conditions are selected from the target river channels to obtain the target fish inlet locations; wherein, the preset fish passage conditions include the flow velocity at the river channel location being within the design flow velocity range, the water depth at the river channel location being greater than the minimum water depth, the river channel location being within a preset range of the upstream path corresponding to the fish species, and the flow velocity gradient at the river channel location being greater than a preset gradient threshold.

4. The floating fishway design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset amplitude variation condition includes the water level difference between the highest downstream water level and the lowest downstream water level being greater than a preset water level threshold. The fishway design length satisfies: ； Wherein, L represents the designed length of the fishway; h1 represents the highest water level of the fixed section, h2 represents the lowest water level of the fixed section; H1 represents the highest water level downstream, H2 represents the lowest water level downstream; k1 and k2 represent preset coefficients, which are determined based on the preset hydraulic gradient range.

5. The floating fishway design method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fixed section characteristic water level information also includes the fixed section frequently encountered water level, and the downstream characteristic water level information also includes the downstream frequently encountered water level; the preset water level combination conditions also include: the conditions where the fixed section minimum water level is combined with the downstream maximum water level and the downstream minimum water level, and the conditions where the fixed section frequently encountered water level is combined with the downstream frequently encountered water level.

6. The floating fishway design method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The simulation results also include the simulated flow velocity corresponding to each of the preset water level combination conditions. After obtaining the simulation results, the following is also included: Determine whether the simulated flow velocity corresponding to all preset water level combination conditions is within the design flow velocity range, and whether the simulated water depth corresponding to all preset water level combination conditions is greater than the minimum water depth; If so, then all the simulation results are determined to match the fish passage parameters; If not, then at least one of the simulation results is determined to be inconsistent with the fish passage parameters.

7. The floating fishway design method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The determination of the target design parameters for the fixed section and the floating section based on the target fish inlet location, the initial design parameters, and the fishway design length includes: Based on the target fish inlet position, determine the target position of the tail end of the floating section on the horizontal projection plane. Based on the fishway design length, determine the target length of the floating section. Based on the target length, determine the horizontal section length and the inclined section slope of the adjustable water tank. Based on the sum of the maximum value of all simulated water depths and the preset water depth threshold, determine the fishway height of the floating section and the fixed section. Based on the fishway design width, determine the inner width and outer width of the fishway of the floating section and the fixed section.

Images