A base station antenna

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a base station antenna. The application provides a base station antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate as a bearing carrier, an upper layer radiation unit responsible for electromagnetic wave transceiving, a lower layer feed network layer for feeding the radiation unit to ensure stable excitation of double-frequency dual-polarized signals; a reflecting plate is arranged in parallel below the dielectric substrate to converge and reflect radiation energy and improve signal transmission directivity; metal support columns are symmetrically distributed at the edges of the dielectric substrate to stably connect the dielectric substrate and the reflecting plate, ensure that a stable electromagnetic environment is formed between the two, avoid structural interference affecting signals, realize integration without multilayer stacking or separate elements, compared with the traditional multilayer stacking and separate element design, the dielectric substrate integrally integrates the radiation unit and the feed network layer, simplifies the overall structure, removes redundant stacked layers and separate components, reduces the volume of the antenna, and improves the integration of each component.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, specifically to a base station antenna. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid evolution of 5G mobile communication technology and the continuous development of future communication systems, the demand for high speed, large capacity, and dense connectivity in modern wireless networks is becoming increasingly urgent. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, as a core solution to meet these needs, relies heavily on high-performance dual-polarized, multi-band base station antennas for its performance. Therefore, developing miniaturized, integrated, and highly reliable dual-polarized multi-band base station antennas has become a key issue in adapting to the development trend of mobile communication technology.

[0003] Dual-band dual-polarized base station antennas generally use dipole or patch antennas as radiating elements, achieving dual-polarization excitation through the construction of complex feeding networks. Feeding methods are mostly probe-based or direct coaxial cable feeding. In existing technologies, microstrip antennas based on slot-coupled feeding have attracted industry attention due to their outstanding advantages such as low profile, light weight, and ease of conformal integration. Related designs typically involve etching multiple slots of different sizes onto a metal floor to correspond to different frequency bands and polarization requirements.

[0004] However, existing dual-polarized dual-band base station antennas still have defects. Among them, the base station antenna structure design is complex and the integration is low. They often adopt multi-layer stacking or discrete component combination structure, resulting in large antenna size, complicated assembly process and high cost, which makes it difficult to meet the development requirements of miniaturization and integration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems mentioned in the background section, this application provides a base station antenna, which includes:

[0006] A dielectric substrate, with a radiating unit on the upper layer and a feeding network layer on the lower layer.

[0007] A reflector is placed parallel to the substrate below it.

[0008] Multiple metal support pillars are symmetrically distributed at the edge region of the dielectric substrate. The upper end of the metal support pillars is connected to the dielectric substrate, and the lower end is connected to the reflector. The radiating unit includes two nested annular grooves and two rectangular grooves distributed along mutually perpendicular central axes. The feeding network layer includes two pairs of differential microstrip feed lines and two resonators. Each pair of differential microstrip feed lines is coupled to the corresponding resonator, and each pair of differential microstrip feed lines is symmetrically distributed along the central axis. Each pair of differential microstrip feed lines coupled to the corresponding resonator forms a differential port, and a rectangular groove is correspondingly provided above the differential port.

[0009] According to one embodiment of this application, the two central axes are the X-axis and the Y-axis, and the intersection of the X-axis and the Y-axis is the center point of the dielectric substrate.

[0010] According to one embodiment of this application, the differential signals used for powering each pair of differential microstrip feeders have equal amplitudes but opposite phases.

[0011] According to one embodiment of this application, a differential port is fed to form a differential signal. The differential signal is transmitted through a differential microstrip feed line and coupled to a resonator. The resonator transmits the coupled signal to a rectangular slot and a circular slot to excite polarization in the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction.

[0012] According to one embodiment of this application, the area of ​​the reflector is greater than or equal to that of the dielectric substrate, and the center of the reflector coincides with the center of the dielectric substrate.

[0013] According to one embodiment of this application, the height of the metal support column is one-quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the low-frequency operating center frequency of the base station antenna.

[0014] According to one embodiment of this application, the upper metal layer of the dielectric substrate is etched to form rectangular grooves and nested annular grooves; the lower layer of the dielectric substrate is printed to form differential microstrip feed lines and resonators.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the significant technological advancement of this application lies in the following: the dielectric substrate serves as the carrier, the upper radiating unit is responsible for electromagnetic wave transmission and reception, and the lower feeding network layer feeds the radiating unit, ensuring stable excitation of dual-frequency dual-polarization signals; the reflector is arranged parallel below the dielectric substrate, which concentrates radiated energy through reflection and improves the signal transmission directionality; the metal support pillars are symmetrically distributed at the edge of the dielectric substrate, which firmly connects the dielectric substrate and the reflector, ensuring that a stable electromagnetic environment is formed between the two, avoiding structural interference from affecting the signal, and achieving integration without the need for multi-layer stacking or discrete components.

[0016] Compared to traditional multi-layer stacking and discrete component designs, the integrated radiating unit and feed network layer on the dielectric substrate simplify the overall structure, eliminate redundant stacking layers and discrete components, reduce antenna size, and improve the integration of each component. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the base station antenna provided in this application;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a front view of the base station antenna structure provided in this application;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the feed network layer of the base station antenna provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 The S-parameters and gain diagram of the base station antenna as a function of frequency provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 The EH plane radiation pattern of the base station antenna at different frequency points provided by the present invention.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100-Dielectric substrate; 110-Radiating element; 120-Feed network layer; 130-Annular groove; 140-Rectangular groove; 150-Differential microstrip feed line; 160-Resonator; 200-Reflector; 300-Metal support column.

[0024] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0026] First, those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely for explaining the technical principles of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Those skilled in the art can make adjustments as needed to adapt to specific application scenarios.

[0027] Secondly, it should be noted that in the description of this application, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "up", "down", "inner", "outer", etc., which indicate the direction or positional relationship, are based on the direction or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or component must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0028] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0029] In the description of this application, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this application, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0030] With the rapid evolution of 5G mobile communication technology and the continuous development of future communication systems, the demand for high speed, large capacity, and dense connectivity in modern wireless networks is becoming increasingly urgent. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, as a core solution to meet these needs, relies heavily on high-performance dual-polarized, multi-band base station antennas for its performance. Therefore, developing miniaturized, integrated, and highly reliable dual-polarized multi-band base station antennas has become a key issue in adapting to the development trend of mobile communication technology.

[0031] Dual-band dual-polarized base station antennas generally use dipole or patch antennas as radiating elements, achieving dual-polarization excitation through the construction of complex feeding networks. Feeding methods are mostly probe-based or direct coaxial cable feeding. In existing technologies, microstrip antennas based on slot-coupled feeding have attracted industry attention due to their outstanding advantages such as low profile, light weight, and ease of conformal integration. Related designs typically involve etching multiple slots of different sizes onto a metal floor to correspond to different frequency bands and polarization requirements.

[0032] However, existing dual-polarized dual-band base station antennas still have defects. Among them, the base station antenna structure design is complex and the integration is low. They often adopt multi-layer stacking or discrete component combination structure, resulting in large antenna size, complicated assembly process and high cost, which makes it difficult to meet the development requirements of miniaturization and integration.

[0033] In order to solve the technical problems involved in the above background art, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, this application provides a base station antenna, which includes:

[0034] A dielectric substrate 100 is provided with a radiating unit 110 on its upper layer and a feeding network layer 120 on its lower layer.

[0035] A reflector 200 is placed parallel to the substrate 100 below it.

[0036] Multiple metal support columns 300 are symmetrically distributed in the edge area of ​​the dielectric substrate 100. The upper end of the metal support column 300 is connected to the dielectric substrate 100, and the lower end is connected to the reflector 200.

[0037] It should be noted that the dielectric substrate 100 serves as the carrier, the upper radiating unit 110 is responsible for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves, and the lower feeding network layer 120 provides energy to the radiating unit 110 to ensure stable excitation of dual-frequency dual-polarization signals; the reflector 200 is arranged parallel to the bottom of the dielectric substrate 100, and gathers radiated energy through reflection to improve the directionality of signal transmission; the symmetrically distributed metal support pillars 300 on the edge of the dielectric substrate 100 realize a stable connection between the dielectric substrate 100 and the reflector 200, ensure that a stable electromagnetic environment is formed between the feeding network layer 120 and the reflector 200, avoid the influence of structural interference on the signal, and can be integrated without multi-layer stacking or discrete component combination.

[0038] During operation, the feed network layer 120 receives the excitation signal from the base station and transmits energy to the radiation unit 110 on the upper layer of the dielectric substrate 100. The radiation unit 110 converts the electrical signal into electromagnetic waves and radiates them outward. Simultaneously, the radiation unit 110 captures the received signal from the external terminal and transmits it to the base station via the feed network layer 120 to complete signal reception. The reflector 200 always directionally reflects the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiation unit 110 to reduce energy scattering. The metal support column 300 maintains the relative position stability between the dielectric substrate 100 and the reflector 200, ensuring a constant electromagnetic coupling state between the feed network layer 120 and the radiation unit 110.

[0039] By integrating the radiating unit 110 and the feed network layer 120 into the dielectric substrate 100, the overall structure is simplified compared with the traditional multi-layer stacked structure and discrete component design. The overall structure eliminates redundant stacked layers and discrete components, reduces the antenna volume, and improves the integration of the dielectric substrate 100, the radiating unit 110, the feed network layer 120 and the reflector 200.

[0040] According to one embodiment of this application, the radiation unit 110 includes two nested annular grooves 130 and two rectangular grooves 140 symmetrically distributed along mutually perpendicular central axes.

[0041] It should be noted that the two nested annular slots 130, with their different radii corresponding to different resonant frequencies, can respectively adapt to the electromagnetic signal requirements of dual-band signals, eliminating the need for additional independent frequency band radiation elements. The two rectangular slots 140, symmetrically distributed along mutually perpendicular central axes, form an orthogonal polarization structure, capable of exciting two orthogonal polarization modes respectively, replacing the traditional complex polarization separation components. During operation, the feed network layer 120 transmits energy to the annular slots 130 and rectangular slots 140 via electromagnetic coupling. The slot structures resonate under energy excitation, thereby radiating electromagnetic waves of the corresponding frequency band and polarization. Simultaneously, relying on the bearing capacity of the dielectric substrate 100 and the energy focusing effect of the reflector 200, the stability and directionality of signal transmission are ensured.

[0042] Furthermore, after receiving the excitation signal from the base station, the feed network layer 120 transmits energy to the vertical rectangular slot 140 via electromagnetic coupling. The vertical rectangular slot 140 guides the two orthogonally polarized signals to the nested annular slot 130 of the radiating unit 110 using a slot line transmission model. The nested annular slot 130 radiates dual-band electromagnetic waves according to the resonant frequency corresponding to its radius, ultimately forming dual-band dual-polarization radiation performance. During the signal reception stage, the annular slot 130 captures the orthogonally polarized dual-band external signals and then feeds the received orthogonally polarized signals back to the feed network layer 120 via electromagnetic coupling through the rectangular slot 140, before transmitting them to the base station for signal processing. Throughout the process, the reflector 200 optimizes the signal direction, and the metal support column 300 maintains the relative position stability between the dielectric substrate 100 and the reflector 200, ensuring a constant coupling state between the slot structure and the feed network layer 120.

[0043] The nested annular slot 130 can adapt to the dual-band operation requirements without the need for additional independent frequency band radiation elements; the mutually perpendicular rectangular slots 140 can stably achieve dual polarization characteristics, replacing the traditional complex polarization separation structure and effectively reducing the space occupied by the radiation unit 110.

[0044] According to one embodiment of this application, the power supply network layer 120 includes two pairs of differential microstrip feed lines 150 and two resonators 160. Each pair of differential microstrip feed lines 150 is coupled to the corresponding resonator 160, and each pair of differential microstrip feed lines 150 is symmetrically distributed along mutually perpendicular central axes.

[0045] It should be noted that the two pairs of differential microstrip feed lines 150 are symmetrically distributed along mutually perpendicular central axes, corresponding to the two orthogonal polarization modes of the radiating unit 110, and can independently transmit excitation signals of different polarizations. The two resonators 160 are adapted to the resonant frequencies of the dual-band. Each pair of differential microstrip feed lines 150 and the corresponding resonator 160 transmit energy through electromagnetic coupling, avoiding parasitic inductance and cross-polarization interference introduced by direct feeding. The composite signal output by the base station is transmitted to the feed network layer 120. The two pairs of mutually perpendicular differential microstrip feed lines 150 extract the signal components of the corresponding polarization. Each pair of differential microstrip feed lines 150 couples the signal to the resonator 160 adapted to the corresponding frequency band. After frequency band selection and energy matching of the signal, the resonator 160 transmits the precise dual-frequency, dual-polarization energy to the radiating unit 110 through electromagnetic coupling, driving the radiating unit 110 to radiate electromagnetic waves.

[0046] According to one embodiment of this application, the two central axes are the X-axis and the Y-axis, and the intersection of the X-axis and the Y-axis is the center point of the dielectric substrate 100.

[0047] It should be noted that the two rectangular slots 140 of the radiating unit 110 are symmetrically distributed along the X-axis and Y-axis, respectively. The center point intersection design makes the electromagnetic radiation center of the slot structure coincide with the center of the dielectric substrate 100. The two pairs of differential microstrip feed lines 150 of the feed network layer 120 are also symmetrically arranged along the X-axis and Y-axis. Each pair of feed lines is aligned with the rectangular slot 140 of the corresponding polarization direction, and the feed path is based on the center point of the dielectric substrate 100 as the symmetry reference to ensure that the feed phase of the dual polarization signal is consistent and the energy coupling is uniform.

[0048] After the base station signal is transmitted to the feed network layer 120, the differential microstrip feed line 150, symmetrical along the X-axis, couples with the corresponding resonator 160 to select the signal of the appropriate frequency band and feed it to the rectangular slot 140 symmetrical along the X-axis in the radiation unit 110. At the same time, the differential microstrip feed line 150, symmetrical along the Y-axis, synchronously completes the signal feeding of the other frequency band and the other polarization direction. The two signals radiate dual-frequency dual-polarization electromagnetic waves outward with the center point of the dielectric substrate 100 as the radiation core, through the annular slot 130 and the rectangular slot 140.

[0049] The rectangular slots 140 of the radiating unit 110 capture signals along the X-axis and Y-axis polarization directions respectively. After the annular slots 130 filter the corresponding frequency bands, the signals are fed back to the differential microstrip feed line 150 symmetrical along the same axis via electromagnetic coupling. The two signals are combined with the center point of the dielectric substrate 100 as the symmetry reference, and then transmitted to the base station for processing.

[0050] Reference Appendix Figure 4As shown, the two nested annular slots 130 of the radiating element 110 resonate at the center frequencies of 3.1 GHz (low-frequency band) and 5.1 GHz (high-frequency band), respectively, within the stable operating bandwidth of 3.0-3.2 GHz (low-frequency) and 4.77-5.41 GHz (high-frequency band). The two pairs of differential microstrip feed lines 150 of the feed network layer 120 are orthogonally symmetrically distributed along the X-axis or Y-axis, avoiding signal crosstalk between polarizations and ensuring a dual-polarization port isolation better than 15 dB.

[0051] The broadband signal output by the base station is transmitted to the feed network layer 120. Two resonators 160 filter out the 3.0-3.2GHz and 4.77-5.41GHz signals respectively. The annular slots 130 of the radiating unit 110 capture the external signals in the 3.0-3.2GHz and 4.77-5.41GHz frequency bands respectively. The rectangular slots 140 separate the signals according to the X-axis and Y-axis polarization directions.

[0052] Two pairs of differential microstrip feed lines 150, symmetrical along the X and Y axes, respectively feed signals of corresponding frequency bands to the rectangular slot 140 and the annular slot 130 of the radiating unit 110 via electromagnetic coupling, according to orthogonal polarization directions. The radiating unit 110 resonates under energy excitation, radiating dual-frequency, dual-polarized electromagnetic waves outward. The reflector 200 concentrates the energy, stabilizing the gain in the low-frequency band at approximately 5.3 dB and in the high-frequency band at approximately 9.7 dB, with gain fluctuations not exceeding 2 dB.

[0053] Throughout the reception process, the orthogonal and symmetrical power supply layout ensures that the port isolation is always better than 15dB to avoid interpolarity interference. At the same time, the stable electromagnetic environment keeps the receiving gain fluctuation within 2dB, ensuring signal reception quality.

[0054] According to one embodiment of this application, each pair of differential microstrip feed lines 150 is coupled with a corresponding resonator 160 to form a differential port, and a rectangular slot 140 is provided above the differential port.

[0055] It should be noted that the device provided in this application includes two pairs of differential microstrip feed lines 150. The dual-frequency, dual-polarization composite signal output from the base station is input to two differential ports of the feed network layer 120. The resonator 160 in each differential port filters out the target frequency band signal. After the signal transmission mode is optimized by the differential microstrip feed line 150, the energy is transmitted to the corresponding rectangular slot 140 above through electromagnetic coupling with upper and lower alignment. The two rectangular slots 140, symmetrical along the X and Y axes, are excited by their corresponding differential ports, synchronously radiating two orthogonally polarized dual-frequency electromagnetic waves to complete signal transmission.

[0056] It should also be noted that the two rectangular slots 140 of the radiating element 110 capture dual-frequency signals with different polarization directions, and directly feed the signals back to the corresponding differential ports below through electromagnetic coupling with upper and lower alignment. The resonator 160 in the differential port filters out non-target frequency band interference signals, and the purified signal is transmitted differentially via the differential microstrip feeder 150 to avoid signal loss and crosstalk in single-ended transmission. The two pairs of differential microstrip feeders 150 combine the polarization signals they receive and finally transmit them to the base station for processing.

[0057] The differential microstrip feed line 150, resonator 160, differential port, and rectangular slot 140 are integrated, eliminating the need for additional coupling transition components. This allows for a more direct connection between the feed network layer 120 and the radiating element 110, simplifying the structure and further improving the antenna integration.

[0058] According to one embodiment of this application, the differential signals used for powering each pair of differential microstrip feeders 150 have equal amplitudes but opposite phases.

[0059] It should be noted that the opposite phase characteristic of differential signals can eliminate common-mode interference introduced during transmission, ensuring signal transmission purity; equal amplitude ensures balanced signal energy, avoiding radiation instability caused by energy imbalance. The signal output from the base station is processed and converted into two sets of differential signals with equal amplitude and opposite phase, which are input to two pairs of differential microstrip feed lines 150. Each pair of differential microstrip feed lines 150 transmits the differential signal to the corresponding resonator 160. The resonator 160 filters out the target frequency band signal, completing frequency band purification. The purified differential signal is injected into the corresponding rectangular slot 140 above through electromagnetic coupling. The rectangular slots 140, distributed along the X and Y axes, are excited respectively, radiating two orthogonally polarized dual-band electromagnetic waves, realizing signal transmission.

[0060] According to one embodiment of this application, a differential port is fed to form a differential signal. The differential signal is transmitted through a differential microstrip feed line 150 and coupled to a resonator 160. The resonator 160 transmits the coupled signal to a rectangular slot 140 and an annular slot 130 to excite polarization in the X-axis or Y-axis direction.

[0061] It should be noted that when the device of this application is working, the base station signal is processed and input into the differential port. The differential port generates a differential signal, which is injected into two pairs of differential microstrip feed lines 150 that are symmetrically distributed along the X-axis and Y-axis, respectively. The signal, after being filtered by the resonator 160, is synchronously transmitted to the rectangular slot 140 and the annular slot 130 of the radiation unit 110. The rectangular slot 140 is symmetrically distributed along the X-axis or Y-axis and generates orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves after being stimulated.

[0062] Reference Appendix Figure 5As shown in the attached figure, the main polarization is the target polarization direction that the antenna is expected to radiate or receive, which can be understood as the X-axis or Y-axis direction in this application. Cross-polarization is the interference signal in the orthogonal direction, and the difference between the two directly reflects the polarization isolation capability. In this step, a difference greater than 15dB means that the interference signal strength is more than 15dB lower than the useful signal, and the influence of cross-polarization on the main polarization signal can be ignored, avoiding crosstalk between different polarization channels. High purity of the main polarization signal reduces signal distortion and increased bit error rate caused by interference, making the signal transmission of the antenna in the direction of maximum radiation more stable and reliable.

[0063] As shown in the attached diagram, the base station signal is processed to generate a differential signal, which is transmitted through two pairs of differential microstrip feed lines 150 symmetrically distributed along the X-axis / Y-axis. The differential signal is coupled to the corresponding resonator 160. The resonator 160 filters out the target frequency band signal and eliminates clutter interference. The frequency band purified signal is synchronously injected into the rectangular slot 140 and the annular slot 130 of the radiation unit 110 through electromagnetic coupling. The rectangular slot 140, which is symmetrical along the X-axis / Y-axis, is directionally excited by the differential signal and preferentially radiates the main polarized electromagnetic wave in the X-axis or Y-axis direction. The annular slot 130 synchronously enhances the energy of the corresponding frequency band. The orthogonal layout of the X-axis / Y-axis allows the two main polarized signals to be transmitted independently, avoiding mutual interference. Finally, a radiation effect is formed in the direction of maximum radiation where the main polarized signal is dominant and the cross-polarized signal is greatly suppressed, ensuring that the difference between the two is better than 15dB.

[0064] Furthermore, the annular slot 130 filters signals according to frequency band, while the rectangular slot 140, symmetrical along the X / Y axis, selectively receives the main polarization signal in the corresponding polarization direction, reducing the entry of cross-polarization interference signals in orthogonal directions. The received main polarization signal is fed back to the corresponding resonator 160 below via electromagnetic coupling, further filtering cross-polarization clutter in non-target frequency bands and purifying the signal quality. The purified signal is transmitted differentially via the differential microstrip feeder 150, transmitting the high-purity main polarization signal to the base station for processing, maintaining the difference between cross-polarization and main polarization better than 15dB.

[0065] According to one embodiment of this application, the area of ​​the reflector 200 is greater than or equal to that of the dielectric substrate 100, and the center of the reflector 200 coincides with the center of the dielectric substrate 100.

[0066] It should be noted that the reflector 200 has an area not less than that of the dielectric substrate 100, and can completely cover the radiation unit 110 and the feed network layer 120 of the upper and lower layers of the dielectric substrate 100, ensuring that all electromagnetic waves radiated downward by the radiation unit 110 are reflected, avoiding energy scattering in non-target directions, and improving energy utilization.

[0067] Furthermore, the center of the reflector 200 coincides with that of the dielectric substrate 100, aligning the focusing center of the reflected wave with the radiation center of the radiating unit 110. This ensures a symmetrical reflection path for the dual-frequency dual-polarized signal, avoiding pattern distortion. Simultaneously, the symmetrical reflection environment enhances the independence of the X-axis / Y-axis polarized signals, further suppressing cross-polarization interference. External dual-frequency dual-polarized signals are incident from various directions. Signals propagating towards the reflector 200 are reflected and guided to the radiating unit 110 at the center of the dielectric substrate 100, expanding the signal acquisition range and improving receiving sensitivity. The reflected signals act uniformly on the annular groove 130 and the rectangular groove 140, ensuring balanced receiving strength for the dual-band, dual-polarized signals and avoiding frequency or polarization signal loss due to uneven reflection. The reflector 200's area, being larger than or equal to that of the dielectric substrate 100, also blocks upward penetration of electromagnetic noise from the environment below, reducing interference in the feed network layer 120 and ensuring the purity of differential signal transmission.

[0068] According to one embodiment provided in this application, the height of the metal support column 300 is one-quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the low-frequency operating center frequency of the base station antenna.

[0069] It should be noted that after the annular slot 130 and rectangular slot 140 of the radiating unit 110 are stimulated, they radiate electromagnetic waves. The low-frequency electromagnetic waves propagating downwards are reflected by the reflector 200. Because the quarter-wavelength height of the metal support column 300 controls the phase of the reflection path, the reflected wave and the upward-radiated electromagnetic wave are superimposed in phase, enhancing the signal energy in the main direction. Furthermore, the quarter-wavelength height makes the coupling state between the differential microstrip feed line 150 of the feed network layer 120 and the resonator 160 more stable, avoiding frequency band shifts or energy loss caused by gap fluctuations, and ensuring efficient transmission of low-frequency signals to the radiating unit 110.

[0070] According to one embodiment of this application, the upper metal layer of the dielectric substrate 100 is etched to form a rectangular groove 140 and a nested annular groove 130; the lower layer of the dielectric substrate 100 is printed to form a differential microstrip feed line 150 and a resonator 160.

[0071] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the following claims.

[0072] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A base station antenna, characterized in that, include: A dielectric substrate (100) has a radiating unit (110) on its upper layer and a feeding network layer (120) on its lower layer. A reflector (200) is placed parallel to the substrate (100) below it; Multiple metal support pillars (300) are symmetrically distributed along the edge region of the dielectric substrate (100). The upper end of each metal support pillar (300) is connected to the dielectric substrate (100), and the lower end is connected to the reflector (200). The radiating unit (110) includes two nested annular slots (130) and two rectangular slots (140) distributed along mutually perpendicular central axes. The feed network layer (120) includes two pairs of differential microstrip feed lines (150) and two resonators (160). Each pair of differential microstrip feed lines (150) is coupled to the corresponding resonator (160), and each pair of differential microstrip feed lines (150) is symmetrically distributed along the central axis. Each pair of differential microstrip feed lines (150) and the corresponding resonator (160) are coupled to form a differential port, and a rectangular slot (140) is correspondingly provided above the differential port.

2. A base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two central axes are the X-axis and the Y-axis, respectively, and the intersection of the X-axis and the Y-axis is the center point of the dielectric substrate (100).

3. A base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The differential signals used to power each pair of differential microstrip feeders (150) have equal amplitudes but opposite phases.

4. A base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The differential port is fed to form a differential signal, which is transmitted through the differential microstrip feed line (150) and coupled to the resonator (160). The resonator (160) transmits the coupled signal to the rectangular slot (140) and the annular slot (130) to excite polarization in the X-axis or Y-axis direction.

5. A base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The area of ​​the reflector (200) is greater than or equal to that of the dielectric substrate (100), and the center of the reflector (200) coincides with the center of the dielectric substrate (100).

6. A base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the metal support column (300) is one-quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the low-frequency band operating center frequency of the base station antenna.

7. A base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper metal layer of the dielectric substrate (100) is etched to form a rectangular groove (140) and a nested annular groove (130); the lower layer of the dielectric substrate (100) is printed to form a differential microstrip feed line (150) and a resonator (160).

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