Dual-polarization ultra-wideband wide-coverage tight coupling array antenna

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of array antennas, and one embodiment of the invention provides a dual-polarization ultra-wideband wide-coverage tight coupling array antenna which comprises antenna units and a coaxial differential assembly, and the antenna units are two dipole patches which are orthogonally arranged; and the feed probe of the coaxial differential assembly is used for being connected with the dipole patch and feeding the dipole patch so as to realize independent transmission of dual-polarization signals. According to the dual-polarization ultra-wideband wide-coverage tight coupling array antenna provided by the invention, the dual-polarization performance is realized through the antenna units of the dipole patches which are orthogonally arranged, and the technical problem that the antenna performance of an independent radiation unit in the prior art is relatively poor is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of array antenna technology and relates to a dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of wireless communication systems, phased array antennas must be compatible with key characteristics such as dual polarization, ultra-wideband, and wide coverage to adapt to the needs of scenarios such as multi-band signal transmission, wide-range detection, and communication.

[0003] In the field of ultra-wideband phased array antennas, traditional technical solutions mainly rely on the layout design of independent radiating elements. However, such solutions face significant performance bottlenecks: on the one hand, the strong mutual coupling effect between elements can easily lead to signal interference, and combined with the strict constraints of grating lobe suppression, it is difficult to broaden the working bandwidth of the antenna; on the other hand, problems such as impedance abrupt changes between air and antenna medium and surface wave interference when the signal is obliquely incident limit the wide-angle scanning range and cannot meet the practical application requirements of wide coverage.

[0004] In summary, existing phased array antenna technology still cannot fully meet the comprehensive requirements for characteristics such as dual polarization, ultra-wideband, wide coverage, and low profile. There is an urgent need for a new structural design to break through the existing technical bottlenecks and improve the overall performance and practical adaptability of the antenna. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the above-mentioned defects, the embodiments of this disclosure provide a dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna, which solves the technical problem of poor antenna performance of independent radiating elements in the prior art.

[0006] According to one aspect, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna, comprising:

[0007] The antenna element comprises two orthogonally arranged dipole patches;

[0008] The coaxial differential assembly has two sets, each set having an axially extending feed probe. The two feed probes are used to connect one-to-one with the two dipole patches and to feed the dipole patches, so as to realize the independent transmission of dual-polarized signals.

[0009] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna, which further includes:

[0010] A coupling grounding plate is located on one side of the dipole patch and connected to the dipole patch to suppress common-mode resonance.

[0011] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna.

[0012] One of the coaxial differential components has an X-polarized SMP connector at its axis, and the other coaxial differential component has a Y-polarized SMP connector at its axis. The polarization directions of the X-polarized SMP connector and the Y-polarized SMP connector are independent of each other. The X-polarized SMP connector and the Y-polarized SMP connector are respectively connected to the two feed probes in a one-to-one correspondence to achieve independent feeding in the two polarization directions.

[0013] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna, which further includes:

[0014] A metal ground plane is located on the side of the antenna unit close to the coaxial differential assembly. The coaxial differential assembly is disposed through the metal ground plane, and the metal ground plane is used to enable directional radiation of the antenna unit.

[0015] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna, which further includes:

[0016] The grounding short-circuit post is located on one side of the dipole patch, and one end is connected to the metal ground plane.

[0017] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna, which further includes:

[0018] A metal strip is disposed on the side of the coaxial differential assembly to improve high-frequency impedance performance and extend the operating bandwidth of the antenna.

[0019] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna, which further includes:

[0020] A wide-angle matching layer is applied over the antenna element. The wide-angle matching layer comprises at least three dielectric layers with different dielectric constants stacked on top of each other.

[0021] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna.

[0022] A square cutout is formed on the wide-angle matching layer, extending along the axial direction of the coaxial differential assembly. The square cutout penetrates the adjacent side walls of the wide-angle matching layer and is used to adjust the equivalent dielectric constant of the wide-angle matching layer and suppress surface waves to improve the scanning coverage.

[0023] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna.

[0024] The dipole patch is butterfly-shaped or bowtie-shaped.

[0025] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna, wherein the antenna elements are a plurality of each other and the plurality of antenna elements are arranged in a matrix.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the embodiments disclosed herein are as follows:

[0027] The antenna element directly constructs the basic structure for dual-polarization radiation through two orthogonally arranged dipole patches. This, combined with the feed probes of the coaxial differential module, forms a coordinated design, overcoming the limitation of traditional single-polarization antennas that can only transmit single-polarization signals, thus achieving synchronous transmission of dual-polarization signals. The two independent feed paths of the coaxial differential module correspond one-to-one with the two feed probes, ensuring that the X-polarization and Y-polarization signals are fed through dedicated paths, avoiding crosstalk between the two polarization directions and guaranteeing the independence of dual-polarization signal transmission.

[0028] As the core radiator, the dipole patch's orthogonal structure maximizes the use of the radiation space, laying a structural foundation for expanding the antenna's operating bandwidth and improving radiation efficiency. At the same time, the simple design of the dual-polarization structure reduces the integration difficulty with other performance optimization components such as matching layers and resonance suppression components, providing structural guarantees for improving the overall performance of the antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this disclosure will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the content of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure and these drawings without any creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna in one embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna in one embodiment. Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 3 for Figure 1 An internal structure of a dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna in one embodiment. Figure 1 ;

[0033] Figure 4 for Figure 1 An internal structure of a dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna in one embodiment. Figure 2 ;

[0034] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna structure is shown in the embodiment.

[0035] In the diagram: 1-antenna element, 11-dipole patch, 2-coaxial differential assembly, 21-feed probe, 22-X-polarized SMP connector, 23-Y-polarized SMP connector, 3-coupled grounding plate, 4-metal ground plane, 5-grounding shorting post, 6-metal strip, 7-wide-angle matching layer, 71-square cutout. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present disclosure will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.

[0037] To keep the drawings concise, each drawing only schematically shows the parts relevant to the disclosure; these do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, in some drawings, only one of components with the same structure or function is schematically shown, or only one is labeled. In this document, "one" not only means "only one," but can also mean "more than one," and "several" includes "two" and "more than two."

[0038] In this document, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0040] In the description of this embodiment, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this disclosure.

[0041] Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0042] like Figures 1-5 The diagram illustrates a dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Antenna element 1 includes two dipole patches 11 arranged orthogonally, one extending along the X-axis and the other along the Y-axis. Coaxial differential assembly 2 includes two independent feed paths, each feed path corresponding to a feed probe 21. The two feed probes 21 are respectively connected to the two dipole patches 11 in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0043] During dual-polarized signal transmission, the X-polarized signal is transmitted to the corresponding feed probe 21 via the first feed path of the coaxial differential component 2. The feed probe 21 feeds the X-polarized signal into a dipole patch 11 arranged along the X-axis, which converts the electrical signal into electromagnetic wave radiation. The Y-polarized signal is transmitted to another feed probe 21 via the second feed path of the coaxial differential component 2. This feed probe 21 feeds the Y-polarized signal into a dipole patch 11 arranged along the Y-axis, completing the conversion and radiation of the electrical signal into an electromagnetic wave. When receiving signals, the dipole patch 11 arranged along the X-axis captures the X-polarized electromagnetic wave and converts it into an electrical signal, which is then transmitted to the first feed path of the coaxial differential component 2 via the corresponding feed probe 21. The dipole patch 11 arranged along the Y-axis captures the Y-polarized electromagnetic wave and converts it into an electrical signal, which is then transmitted to the second feed path of the coaxial differential component 2 via the corresponding feed probe 21, thus achieving independent reception of dual-polarized signals.

[0044] In this embodiment, antenna element 1 directly constructs a dual-polarization radiation basic structure through two orthogonally arranged dipole patches 11, forming a collaborative design with the feed probes 21 of the coaxial differential component 2. This overcomes the limitation of traditional single-polarization antennas that can only transmit single-polarization signals, achieving synchronous transmission of dual-polarization signals. The two independent feed paths of the coaxial differential component 2 correspond one-to-one with the two feed probes 21, ensuring that the X-polarization signal and the Y-polarization signal are fed through dedicated paths respectively, avoiding crosstalk between the two polarization directions and ensuring the independence of dual-polarization signal transmission.

[0045] As the core radiator, the dipole patch 11 has an orthogonal structure that maximizes the use of the radiation space, laying a structural foundation for the antenna to expand its operating bandwidth and improve radiation efficiency. At the same time, the simple design of the dual-polarization structure reduces the integration difficulty with other performance optimization components such as matching layers and resonance suppression components, providing structural guarantee for the improvement of the overall antenna performance.

[0046] Furthermore, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the coupling grounding plate 3 is positioned in the central region of the dipole patch 11, and its projection range covers the feed connection area and surrounding area of ​​the dipole patch 11. The coupling grounding plate 3 achieves electrical connection through a grounding path, forming a coupling structure corresponding to the dipole patch 11. When the dipole patch 11 receives a feed signal through the feed probe 21, a common-mode resonant signal forms a coupling electric field between the dipole patch 11 and the coupling grounding plate 3. The coupling grounding plate 3 captures the common-mode resonant signal and outputs it through the grounding path, avoiding the superposition of the common-mode resonant signal within the radiation area of ​​the dipole patch 11.

[0047] In this embodiment, the coupling grounding plate 3, in conjunction with the grounding path, constructs the basic structure for common-mode resonance suppression. This, combined with the dipole patch 11, works synergistically to solve the problems of signal interference and bandwidth limitation caused by common-mode resonance in traditional dual-polarized antennas. The coupling grounding plate 3 is positioned corresponding to the feed area of ​​the dipole patch 11, enabling it to capture common-mode resonance signals and quickly export them through the grounding path. This avoids interference from common-mode resonance signals within the operating frequency band, ensuring the pure transmission of dual-polarized signals.

[0048] Furthermore, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the X-polarized SMP connector 22 and the Y-polarized SMP connector 23 are respectively disposed on two coaxial differential components 2, and are arranged independently without direct electrical connection. The X-polarized SMP connector 22 is connected to the first power supply path of the coaxial differential component 2, which is connected to the power supply probe 21 of the dipole patch 11 arranged on the X-axis; the Y-polarized SMP connector 23 is connected to the second power supply path of the coaxial differential component 2, which is connected to the power supply probe 21 of the dipole patch 11 arranged on the Y-axis.

[0049] During signal transmission, an external X-polarized signal source is connected through the X-polarized SMP connector 22, transmitted via the first feeding path to the corresponding feeding probe 21, and then fed into the dipole patch 11 in the X-axis direction; an external Y-polarized signal source is connected through the Y-polarized SMP connector 23, transmitted via the second feeding path to the corresponding feeding probe 21, and then fed into the dipole patch 11 in the Y-axis direction. During signal reception, the electrical signal converted by the dipole patch 11 in the X-axis direction is transmitted via the corresponding feeding probe 21 and the first feeding path to the X-polarized SMP connector 22, and output to the external receiving device; the electrical signal converted by the dipole patch 11 in the Y-axis direction is transmitted via the corresponding feeding probe 21 and the second feeding path to the Y-polarized SMP connector 23, and output to the external receiving device.

[0050] In this embodiment, the X-polarized SMP connector 22 and the Y-polarized SMP connector 23 serve as standardized feed interfaces, corresponding one-to-one with the two independent feed paths of the coaxial differential component 2. This establishes independent access and output channels for dual-polarized signals, solving the problem of signal crosstalk caused by the mixed use of feed interfaces in traditional dual-polarized antennas. The adoption of standardized SMP connectors improves the compatibility of the antenna with external signal equipment, reduces assembly difficulty, and enhances the antenna's versatility and interchangeability compared to custom feed interfaces in existing technologies.

[0051] The independent arrangement of the two connectors and the dedicated feed path design ensure that the transmission paths of X-polarized and Y-polarized signals are completely separated, minimizing signal crosstalk and guaranteeing the independence and stability of dual-polarized signal transmission. Simultaneously, the corresponding connection between the connectors and the feed probe 21 allows the feed signal to be directly conducted to the dipole patch 11, reducing signal transmission loss, improving feed efficiency, and providing feed assurance for optimizing antenna radiation performance.

[0052] Furthermore, refer to Figure 2 As shown, the metal ground plane 4 is disposed on one side of the wide-angle matching layer 7 of the antenna element 1. The extension range of the metal ground plane 4 covers the entire projection area of ​​the dipole patch 11, forming an arrangement structure relatively parallel to the antenna element 1. Of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the dipole patch 11, the portion facing the metal ground plane 4 is reflected by the metal ground plane 4. The reflected electromagnetic waves and the electromagnetic waves directly radiated by the dipole patch 11 are superimposed on the side away from the metal ground plane 4, forming a directional radiation beam.

[0053] In the parallel technical solution, the metal ground 4 can be set as a complete plate structure or a segmented structure corresponding to the antenna unit 1 array, as long as its extension range can cover the radiation area of ​​the antenna unit 1; the relative position of the metal ground 4 and the antenna unit 1 can be fixed by the support structure to ensure that the two remain parallel and the spacing is fixed; the metal ground 4 can form an electrical connection with the resonance suppression component and the grounding structure to build a complete grounding and reflection system.

[0054] In this embodiment, the metal ground plane 4, through its relative arrangement with the antenna element 1, constructs a directional radiation structure, solving the problem of signal energy dispersion caused by omnidirectional radiation in traditional antennas without a metal ground plane. The reflection effect of the metal ground plane 4 on the reverse-radiated electromagnetic waves concentrates the signal energy that was originally radiated in all directions onto the side away from the metal ground plane 4, improving the energy density of the radiated signal and enhancing the antenna's radiation efficiency and transmission distance.

[0055] The metal ground plane 4 covers the entire projection area of ​​the dipole patch 11, ensuring that the reverse radiated signal of each dipole patch 11 can be effectively reflected, thus guaranteeing the consistency of radiation performance of each element in the array antenna. Simultaneously, the metal ground plane 4 provides the installation foundation for subsequent grounding structures such as the grounding short-circuit post 5, constructing the antenna's grounding system. Working in conjunction with the resonance suppression components, it further enhances the antenna's electromagnetic compatibility and reduces the impact of external interference on the radiated signal.

[0056] Furthermore, refer to Figure 3 As shown, the grounding short-circuit posts 5 are arranged circumferentially around the dipole patch 11 or around the power supply assembly, with at least two grounding short-circuit posts 5 symmetrically distributed. One end of each grounding short-circuit post 5 is fixedly connected to the metal ground plate 4. By adjusting the distance between two adjacent grounding short-circuit posts 5, the equivalent reactance between the dipole patch 11 and the metal ground plate 4 is changed, thereby adjusting the frequency position of the common-mode resonant point and moving the common-mode resonant point within the operating bandwidth to outside the operating bandwidth.

[0057] In the parallel technical solution, the number of grounding short-circuit posts 5 can be set to 2, 4 or 6, as long as they are symmetrically arranged and the equivalent reactance can be adjusted; the arrangement of the grounding short-circuit posts 5 can be in a ring circumferential distribution, a linear symmetrical distribution or a diagonal distribution, as long as the equivalent reactance of the dipole patch 11 can be adjusted evenly; the connection between the grounding short-circuit posts 5 and the dipole patch 11 and the metal ground plate 4 can be by welding or threaded connection, as long as the conductivity of the conductive path is ensured.

[0058] In this embodiment, the grounding short-circuit post 5, through its connection with the metal grounding plate 4, constructs a tunable resonance suppression path, forming a synergistic suppression structure with the coupled grounding plate 3, further enhancing the suppression effect on common-mode resonance.

[0059] The symmetrical arrangement of the grounding short-circuit posts 5 ensures a uniform distribution of equivalent reactance in each region of the dipole patch 11, avoiding radiation signal distortion caused by local reactance imbalance. Simultaneously, the conductive path created by the grounding short-circuit posts 5, together with the metal ground plane 4, completes the antenna's grounding system, enhances the antenna's electromagnetic compatibility, reduces the impact of external electromagnetic interference on dual-polarized signal transmission, and provides dual protection for the antenna's wideband and high-stability operation.

[0060] Furthermore, refer to Figure 4As shown, the metal strip 6 is disposed between the feed paths of the coaxial differential component 2 or in the peripheral area of ​​the feed component. The extension direction of the metal strip 6 is consistent with or at a preset angle to the feed signal transmission direction of the coaxial differential component 2. By adjusting the equivalent impedance distribution of the feed area through its own conductivity, the impedance matching degree during high-frequency signal transmission is improved, and the reflection and loss of high-frequency signals are reduced.

[0061] In the parallel technical solution, the metal strip 6 can be set as a single structure or multiple parallel arrangement structures, as long as the equivalent impedance of the feeding area can be adjusted; the extension direction of the metal strip 6 can be along the X-axis, Y-axis or at a 45° angle to the polarization direction, as long as it is compatible with the transmission characteristics of high frequency signals; the metal strip 6 can be parallel to the metal ground plate 4 or at a preset angle, as long as it does not affect the normal operation of other components.

[0062] In this embodiment, the metal strip 6, through its specific arrangement next to the coaxial differential component 2, specifically optimizes the impedance matching performance in the high-frequency band, solving the problem of bandwidth limitation and low signal transmission efficiency caused by impedance mismatch in the high-frequency band of the ultra-wideband antenna. The adjustment effect of the metal strip 6 on the equivalent impedance reduces signal reflection in the high-frequency band, improves transmission efficiency, and, in conjunction with the feeding structure of the coaxial differential component, expands the upper limit of the antenna's operating bandwidth, achieving ultra-wideband coverage.

[0063] Compared to existing technologies that require complex impedance matching networks to optimize high-frequency performance, the metal strip 6 has a simpler structural design, eliminating the need for additional active components or complex circuits, thus reducing antenna design complexity and manufacturing costs. The arrangement and number of metal strips 6 can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to different high-frequency impedance optimization requirements, improving the antenna's adaptability in various application scenarios. Furthermore, its simple structure facilitates integration with other components without affecting the overall antenna layout and low-profile characteristics.

[0064] Furthermore, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, a wide-angle matching layer 7 covers the antenna element 1 and is formed by stacking layers in a direction perpendicular to the radiating surface of the antenna element 1. At least three dielectric layers are arranged in a predetermined order, and the dielectric constants of each dielectric layer are different. The coverage area of ​​the wide-angle matching layer 7 completely overlaps with the radiating area of ​​the antenna element 1, ensuring that all electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna element 1 pass through the wide-angle matching layer 7 for transmission.

[0065] The dielectric constant arrangement of the dielectric layer forms an impedance gradient structure, realizing the impedance transition between the air dielectric and the radiating surface of antenna element 1.

[0066] In parallel technical solutions, the number of dielectric layers can be 3, 4 or more, depending on the impedance transition accuracy requirements. The dielectric constant arrangement can be a gradual decrease from the inner layer to the outer layer, or a method where the dielectric constant of the inner and outer layers is smaller and the dielectric constant of the middle layer is larger, as long as the impedance gradual transition requirements are met. The stacking method of each dielectric layer can be a tight fit and fixation, or a preset gap can be maintained through a positioning structure, as long as the continuity of the impedance transition is not disrupted. The overall shape of the dielectric layer can be a plate shape consistent with the contour of the metal ground plane 4, or a partitioned structure corresponding to the antenna element 1 array, as long as the radiation area is completely covered.

[0067] In this embodiment, the multi-layered differential dielectric constant structure of the wide-angle matching layer 7 constructs an impedance transition bridge between air and antenna element 1, solving the signal reflection loss problem caused by the abrupt change in impedance between air and the antenna medium during wide-angle scanning of traditional antennas. The impedance gradient design reduces reflection when electromagnetic waves are obliquely incident, allowing signals to smoothly enter antenna element 1 and improving signal transmission efficiency during wide-angle scanning. Compared to single or two matching layers in the prior art, the impedance transition of the multi-layered structure is smoother, resulting in a more significant improvement in wide-angle scanning performance.

[0068] The wide-angle matching layer 7, antenna element 1, and metal ground plane 4 form a collaborative stacked structure, maintaining the overall antenna layout and ensuring low profile characteristics. The flexible selection of dielectric constant arrangement and number of layers allows the wide-angle matching layer 7 to adapt to antenna designs with different frequency bands and scanning angle requirements, improving the versatility of the technical solution. Simultaneously, the complete coverage design ensures consistent wide-angle performance for each antenna element 1 in the array, providing structural support for the array antenna to achieve wide-coverage scanning across the entire bandwidth.

[0069] Furthermore, refer to Figure 1 As shown, square slots 71 are formed on each dielectric layer of the wide-angle matching layer 7. The square slots 71 on the same dielectric layer are distributed in a uniform array or in partitioned manner as needed. The arrangement direction of adjacent square slots 71 is parallel or perpendicular to the polarization direction of the antenna element 1. The square slots 71 penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of the corresponding dielectric layer, forming a hollow structure. By changing the number and distribution density of square slots 71 on the same dielectric layer, the effective coverage area of ​​the dielectric layer is adjusted, thereby changing the equivalent dielectric constant of the wide-angle matching layer 7. At the same time, the hollow structure formed by the square slots 71 disrupts the propagation path of surface waves, suppresses the generation and propagation of surface waves on the surface of the wide-angle matching layer 7, and reduces the adsorption and interference of surface waves on the radiated signal.

[0070] In the parallel technical solutions, the distribution of the square trench 71 can be uniformly distributed at equal intervals, densely distributed at the edge region, or densely distributed at the center region, as long as the equivalent dielectric constant can be adjusted as needed; the square trench 71 can be opened only in part of the dielectric layer or penetrate the entire dielectric layer, as long as the goal of surface wave suppression and equivalent dielectric constant adjustment is achieved; the outline of the square trench 71 can be square or rectangular, as long as the edges are kept straight and the structural strength of the dielectric layer is not affected.

[0071] In this embodiment, the square cutout 71 and the multilayer dielectric structure of the wide-angle matching layer 7 work together to construct a dual-optimized structure of "gradually varying dielectric constant + surface wave suppression," overcoming the limitation of traditional wide-angle matching layers that can only achieve impedance transition but cannot effectively suppress surface waves. By adjusting the effective coverage area of ​​the dielectric layer, the square cutout 71 flexibly adjusts the equivalent dielectric constant of the wide-angle matching layer 7, making the impedance gradient transition more precise, adapting to the transmission requirements of signals in different frequency bands, and further improving the impedance matching accuracy during wide-angle scanning.

[0072] Surface wave suppression reduces energy loss in the radiated signal, allowing more signal energy to be used for directional radiation. Combined with the impedance gradient design, this significantly improves the wide-angle scanning coverage of the antenna. Compared to a wide-angle matching layer without slots, both the scanning angle and signal transmission efficiency are improved. The distribution and range of the square slots 71 can be flexibly adjusted, enabling the wide-angle matching layer 7 to adapt to antenna elements 1 with different structures and array layouts, improving the adaptability of the technical solution. Simultaneously, the hollow structure does not increase the overall thickness of the wide-angle matching layer 7, ensuring the antenna's low profile characteristics.

[0073] Furthermore, refer to Figure 3 As shown, when the dipole patch 11 adopts a butterfly-shaped structure, it consists of two symmetrical wings that extend outward along the polarization direction. The outer edges of the wings have a smooth curve transition, and the connection end of the two wings is the feed connection area, which is fixedly connected to the feed probe 21. When the dipole patch 11 adopts a bowtie-shaped structure, it also consists of two symmetrical wings that extend outward in a triangular or trapezoidal shape. The connection end of the two wings is the feed connection area, which is fixedly connected to the feed probe 21. Both types of dipole patches 11 are arranged orthogonally to form independent radiation channels for X-polarization and Y-polarization. The extension range of their wings ensures that the radiation areas in the two polarization directions do not overlap or interfere.

[0074] In the parallel technical solutions, the wing curve of the butterfly dipole patch 11 can be a curve formed by a smooth transition of a circular arc, a parabola, or multiple straight lines, as long as the continuity of the radiation surface is maintained; the included angle of the wings of the bowtie dipole patch 11 can be adjusted according to the radiation frequency band requirements, as long as the uniform distribution of the radiation signal is ensured; the wing width of the dipole patch 11 of the two structures can gradually widen from the connecting end to the free end or remain unchanged, as long as the broadband radiation requirements are met.

[0075] In this embodiment, the butterfly-shaped or bowtie-shaped dipole patch 11 structure, in conjunction with the orthogonal arrangement and feeding design of the feeding probe 21, solves the problem of narrow bandwidth of traditional rectangular dipole patches. The wing extension design of both structures increases the effective area of ​​the radiating surface, and the contour optimization makes the current distribution more uniform, thus widening the antenna's operating bandwidth and providing a radiating structure basis for ultra-wideband coverage.

[0076] Furthermore, refer to Figure 5 As shown, several antenna elements 1 (located in...) Figure 5 The antenna elements 1 (below the wide-angle matching layer 7) are arranged in a matrix using rows and columns. During this arrangement, the polarization direction of the dipole patches 11 of each antenna element 1 is kept consistent; that is, all dipole patches 11 in the X-axis direction are parallel to each other, and all dipole patches 11 in the Y-axis direction are parallel to each other. The matrix arrangement is optimized based on edge truncation effect analysis to ensure that the electromagnetic environment of the antenna elements 1 at the array edge is consistent with that of the antenna elements 1 at the array center. The entire array remains relatively parallel to the metal ground plane 4 and the wide-angle matching layer 7. The wide-angle matching layer 7 covers the entire radiation area of ​​the array, and the metal ground plane 4 covers the entire projection area of ​​the array.

[0077] In the parallel technical solution, the matrix arrangement of antenna elements 1 can be arranged with equal spacing or with unequal spacing optimized according to the edge truncation effect, as long as the radiation consistency of the entire array is ensured; the number of rows and columns of the matrix can be adjusted according to the target gain and coverage requirements, such as 8×8, 10×10, 12×12, etc., as long as a two-dimensional matrix structure is formed; the spacing between adjacent antenna elements 1 in the array can be adjusted according to the center wavelength of the operating frequency band, as long as grating lobes are avoided.

[0078] In this embodiment, the matrix arrangement of several antenna elements 1, in conjunction with the dual-polarized radiation structure of a single antenna element 1, the wide-angle matching layer 7, the metal ground plane 4, and other components, solves the problems of low radiation gain and limited coverage of a single antenna element. The array structure, through the coordinated radiation of multiple antenna elements 1, superimposes the radiated signal energy, significantly improving the overall antenna gain. Simultaneously, the matrix arrangement ensures the directivity of the radiated beam, which, in conjunction with the directional radiation effect of the metal ground plane 4, further enhances the signal energy density and transmission distance.

[0079] The layout optimization based on the edge truncation effect ensures the consistency of the electromagnetic environment between the array edges and the central antenna element 1, avoiding radiation pattern distortion caused by edge effects and ensuring uniform radiation performance of the entire array. The number of rows, columns, and spacing of the matrix arrangement can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to different gain and coverage requirements, offering greater performance scalability compared to single antenna elements or non-matrix arrays. Simultaneously, the integrated design of the array structure and its components maintains the overall simplicity and low profile of the antenna, facilitating installation and application in limited spaces, and providing an array structure guarantee for achieving comprehensive performance of ultra-wideband, wide coverage, and high gain.

[0080] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure and are not intended to limit it. Although this disclosure has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this disclosure, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna, characterized in that, include: Antenna element (1) includes two orthogonally arranged dipole patches (11); The coaxial differential assembly (2) is provided in two sets. Each set of the coaxial differential assembly (2) has an axially extending feed probe (21). The two feed probes (21) are used to connect one-to-one with the two dipole patches (11) and to feed the dipole patches (11) so as to realize the independent transmission of dual-polarized signals.

2. The dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A coupling grounding plate (3) is located on one side of the dipole patch (11) and connected to the dipole patch (11) to suppress common-mode resonance.

3. The dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, One of the coaxial differential components (2) has an X-polarized SMP connector (22) at its axis, and the other coaxial differential component (2) has a Y-polarized SMP connector (23) at its axis. The X-polarized SMP connector (22) and the Y-polarized SMP connector (23) have independent polarization directions. The X-polarized SMP connector (22) and the Y-polarized SMP connector (23) are respectively connected to the two feed probes (21) one-to-one to achieve independent feeding in the two polarization directions.

4. A dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: A metal floor (4) is located on the side of the antenna unit (1) near the coaxial differential assembly (2). The coaxial differential assembly (2) is disposed through the metal floor (4). The metal floor (4) is used to realize the directional radiation of the antenna unit (1).

5. A dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: The grounding short-circuit post (5) is located on one side of the dipole patch (11) and one end is connected to the metal floor (4).

6. A dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A metal strip (6) is disposed on the side of the coaxial differential assembly (2) to improve high-frequency impedance performance and extend the working bandwidth of the antenna.

7. A dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A wide-angle matching layer (7) is covered on the antenna element (1). The wide-angle matching layer (7) includes at least three dielectric layers with different dielectric constants stacked together.

8. A dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The wide-angle matching layer (7) has a square cutout (71) that extends along the axial direction of the coaxial differential component (2). The square cutout (71) extends through the adjacent two side walls of the wide-angle matching layer (7) and is used to adjust the equivalent dielectric constant of the wide-angle matching layer (7) and suppress surface waves to improve the scanning coverage.

9. A dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dipole patch (11) is butterfly-shaped or bowtie-shaped.

10. A dual-polarized ultra-wideband wide-coverage tightly coupled array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna element (1) has several units, and the several antenna elements (1) are arranged in a matrix.

Images