Self-checking protective sleeve for high-voltage cable

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high-voltage cable protection sleeves, in particular to a self-checking protection sleeve for a high-voltage cable, which comprises a self-checking protection tube, a self-checking device and a supporting seat, and is characterized in that the self-checking protection tube comprises an outer layer, a middle layer and an inner layer, and the outer layer is a protection sleeve, resists external adverse factors and is prevented from physical, chemical and biological damage of an external environment; a mounting concave ring is further arranged in the middle of the outer layer; the middle layer is an insulation protection layer and provides overall main insulation and mechanical protection; the inner layer is a core layer and has electromagnetic shielding and sensor carrier functions, and a sensing layer is annularly arranged in the inner layer; the sensing layer comprises mounting plates and wire fixing plates, mounting grooves are formed in the mounting plates, rubber pads are annularly and uniformly arranged on the inner side of the sensing layer, and a plurality of micro sensors are woven in the mounting grooves; the integrated sleeve with the protection and intelligent self-checking functions has the advantages that the operation reliability and the maintenance efficiency of a cable are improved by embedding multiple types of sensors and a real-time analysis module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-voltage cable protective sleeve technology, specifically a self-testing protective sleeve for high-voltage cables. Background Technology

[0002] As a key component of power transmission, high-voltage cables are exposed to harsh environments for a long time, such as extreme temperatures, humidity, chemical corrosion, mechanical stress and electromagnetic interference, which leads to frequent failures such as insulation aging, partial discharge and water tree growth.

[0003] Currently, traditional protective sleeves mainly rely on physical isolation and passive insulation materials, lacking real-time monitoring mechanisms. This makes it impossible to detect potential defects in a timely manner, leading to delayed maintenance, escalation of faults, and even catastrophic accidents. For example, most protective sleeves in existing technologies are single-layer or simple composite structures. Although they can provide basic protection, they lack sensing functions and rely on periodic manual inspections, which are inefficient and have delayed responses.

[0004] Furthermore, integrated self-testing systems have limited applications in the field of high-voltage cables. Existing solutions often require external sensors, which are complex to install, susceptible to interference, and have a disconnect between data acquisition and analysis, making it difficult to achieve full lifecycle health management.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an integrated sleeve that combines protection and intelligent self-testing functions, which can improve the reliability of cable operation and maintenance efficiency by embedding multiple types of sensors and real-time analysis modules.

[0006] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, this invention designs a multi-layer protective sleeve with an integrated sensing layer in the inner layer, combined with a self-testing device to achieve real-time monitoring of multiple parameters, effectively overcoming the limitations of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a self-testing protective sleeve for high-voltage cables, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a self-testing protective sleeve for high-voltage cables, comprising a self-testing protective tube, a self-testing device, and a support base. The self-testing protective tube comprises an outer layer, a middle layer, and an inner layer. The outer layer is a protective sleeve that resists adverse external factors and protects against physical, chemical, and biological damage from the external environment. A mounting recess is also provided in the middle of the outer layer. The middle layer is an insulating protective layer that provides overall main insulation and mechanical protection. The inner layer is a core layer that also functions as an electromagnetic shield and sensor carrier. A sensing layer is arranged in a ring within the inner layer. The sensing layer includes a mounting plate and a wire-fixing plate. Mounting grooves are installed within each mounting plate. The inner side of the sensing layer is also uniformly arranged with rubber pads in a ring. Several kinds of miniature sensors are woven in the mounting groove. The miniature sensors include radio frequency sensors, digital temperature sensors, fiber optic grating sensors, humidity sensors, water intrusion sensors, fiber optic vibration sensors, and angle sensors. The wire fixing plate is connected between the two mounting plates. The mounting plate located in the middle is connected to a connecting plate. The connecting plate has a wire fixing seat in the middle. The wire fixing seat is connected to a connecting wire. The various miniature sensors in the mounting groove are all connected to the connecting wire. The self-testing device is installed on the mounting recess, and the support base is set on the self-testing protective tubes on both sides away from the mounting recess.

[0009] Preferably, the self-testing device includes an arc-shaped plate and a self-testing mechanism arranged in a ring on the mounting recess. The arc-shaped plate is snapped onto the self-testing mechanism. The inner wall of the self-testing mechanism is provided with wire holes for connecting the connecting wires. Limiting protrusions are arranged in a ring at the groove of the mounting recess.

[0010] Preferably, the self-testing mechanism includes a data acquisition module for acquiring data from several types of micro sensors, a status analysis module for processing the data acquired by the data acquisition module, a fault alarm module for maintenance and early warning, and a data transmission module for data recording and transmission, all connected via connecting wires through wire holes.

[0011] Preferably, the data acquisition module includes partial discharge monitoring, real-time temperature monitoring, structural safety monitoring, internal environment monitoring, integrity monitoring, and laying path monitoring. The partial discharge monitoring is connected to an radio frequency sensor, the real-time temperature monitoring is connected to a digital temperature sensor, the structural safety monitoring is connected to a fiber optic grating sensor, the internal environment monitoring is connected to a humidity sensor and a water intrusion sensor, the integrity monitoring is connected to a fiber optic vibration sensor, and the laying path monitoring is connected to an angle sensor.

[0012] Preferably, the arc-shaped plate and the self-inspection mechanism are provided with a buckle, an arc-shaped convex ring and a bolt hole at their relative positions. The buckle is arranged in a cross pattern at the upper and lower ends of the arc-shaped convex ring. The arc-shaped convex ring is embedded in the mounting concave ring. The bolt hole is threaded with a bolt.

[0013] Preferably, the arc-shaped convex ring has a ring of uniformly distributed limiting recesses, which engage with the limiting protrusions in the mounting ring.

[0014] Preferably, a dustproof mesh block is also provided on the side of the lower end of the self-inspection mechanism near the self-inspection protective tube.

[0015] Preferably, the support base includes a fastening top plate and a fixed base. The fastening top plate is arc-shaped in the middle, and has slots and threaded posts on both sides. The threaded posts are internally threaded with connecting threaded rods.

[0016] Preferably, a locking block is provided in the middle of the fixed base corresponding to the slot, an arc-shaped seat is provided between the two locking blocks, a spring is provided at the bottom of the arc-shaped seat on the fixed base, and threaded posts are provided on one side of the locking block on the fixed base and on the side of the slot.

[0017] Preferably, the surface of the card block is provided with a sliding groove, a sliding rod is inserted and fixed in the middle of the sliding groove, and the arc-shaped seat is inserted and fixed on the sliding rod on both sides.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention achieves a high degree of integration of physical protection and intelligent monitoring through a multi-layer composite structure design. The outer layer effectively isolates environmental erosion, the middle layer provides reliable main insulation and mechanical support, and the inner layer cleverly combines electromagnetic shielding and sensor carrier functions. The sensing layer embedded in the inner layer firmly supports a variety of miniature sensors through a ring-shaped mounting plate and wire fixing plate, including radio frequency sensors, digital temperature sensors, fiber optic grating sensors, humidity sensors, water intrusion sensors, fiber optic vibration sensors, and angle sensors. These sensors are precisely woven into the mounting groove and centrally connected by wire fixing bases and connecting wires. All sensor data is efficiently transmitted to the self-testing device installed on the mounting ring through the connecting wires. The self-testing device consists of spliced ​​arc-shaped plates and a core self-testing mechanism. It connects to the connecting line through the wire hole. The data acquisition module, status analysis module, fault alarm module and data transmission module integrated inside work together to realize real-time and comprehensive monitoring, analysis and early warning of cable partial discharge, temperature, structural strain, internal environmental humidity and water accumulation, outer sheath integrity and laying path inclination. Meanwhile, the self-testing device ensures the stability and convenience of installation through the engagement of the arc-shaped convex ring and the upper limit protrusion of the mounting concave ring, as well as the cooperation of the buckle and bolt parts. The dustproof net block effectively protects the internal components of the self-testing mechanism from external dust contamination. In addition, the support seats arranged on both sides of the protective pipe, through their unique fastening top plate, fixed base and arc-shaped seat design with spring, combined with the sliding limit structure of the slot, block, groove and slide rod, can adaptively adjust and provide stable mechanical support, effectively absorb external vibration and impact load, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the entire protective sleeve system under complex working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall installation structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the self-testing protective tube of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-layer composite structure of the self-inspection protective tube of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the self-testing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped plate structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the self-testing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a structural block diagram of the self-testing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the fastening top plate structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed base structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure labeling: 1. Self-test protective tube; 2. Self-test device; 3. Support base; 4. Outer layer; 5. Middle layer; 6. Inner layer; 7. Sensing layer; 8. Mounting groove; 9. Rubber pad; 10. Mounting recessed ring; 11. Limiting protrusion; 12. Connecting wire; 13. Wire fixing base; 14. Connecting plate; 15. Mounting plate; 16. Wire fixing plate; 17. Arc-shaped plate; 18. Self-test mechanism; 19. Bolt; 20. Fastener; 21. Arc-shaped protrusion; 22. Limiting recessed ring; 23. Bolt hole; 24. Wire hole; 25. Dustproof mesh block; 26. Data acquisition module; 27. Status analysis module; 28. Fault alarm module 29. Data transmission module; 30. Partial discharge monitoring; 31. Real-time temperature monitoring; 32. Structural safety monitoring; 33. Internal environment monitoring; 34. Integrity monitoring; 35. Laying path monitoring; 36. Radio frequency sensor; 37. Digital temperature sensor; 38. Fiber optic grating sensor; 39. Humidity sensor; 40. Water intrusion sensor; 41. Fiber optic vibration sensor; 42. Angled sensor; 43. Fastening top plate; 44. Fixed base; 45. Connecting threaded rod; 46. Slot; 47. Threaded post; 48. Spring component; 49. Arc-shaped seat; 50. Locking block; 51. Slide groove; 52. Slide rod. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0022] like Figure 1-3As shown, this embodiment discloses a self-testing protective sleeve for high-voltage cables, including a self-testing protective tube 1. The self-testing protective tube 1 includes an outer layer 4, a middle layer 5, and an inner layer 6. The outer layer 4 is a protective sleeve that resists adverse external factors and protects against physical, chemical, and biological damage from the external environment. The inner layer 6 is the core layer, which also functions as an electromagnetic shield and a sensor carrier. A sensing layer 7 is arranged in a ring shape inside the inner layer 6. The sensing layer 7 includes a mounting plate 15 and a wire fixing plate 16. The mounting plate 15 is provided with mounting grooves 8. Rubber pads 9 are also uniformly arranged in a ring shape on the inner side of the sensing layer 7. Several types of miniature sensors are woven into the mounting slot 8, including an RF sensor 36, a digital temperature sensor 37, a fiber optic grating sensor 38, a humidity sensor 39, a water intrusion sensor 40, a fiber optic vibration sensor 41, and an angle sensor 42. A wire fixing plate 16 is connected between two mounting plates 15. The mounting plate 15 in the middle is connected to a connecting plate 14. A wire fixing seat 13 is set in the middle of the connecting plate 14. A connecting wire 12 is connected to the wire fixing seat 13. The various miniature sensors in the mounting slot 8 are all connected to the connecting wire 12.

[0023] In this embodiment, the specific structure of the self-test protection tube 1 is as follows: Figure 1-3 As shown, the outer layer 4 is made of high-strength polyurethane material with a thickness of 2-3mm and is covered with a corrosion-resistant coating to effectively isolate ultraviolet rays, acid and alkali corrosion and mechanical impact; the middle layer 5 is made of cross-linked polyethylene composite material with a thickness of 4-5mm, providing stable electrical insulation performance and compressive strength to ensure the mechanical integrity of the cable under high voltage environment; the inner layer 6 is made of conductive silicone substrate with a thickness of 1.5-2mm.

[0024] In this embodiment, the sensing layer 7 includes a mounting plate 15 and a cable fixing plate 16 arranged in a ring array. The mounting groove 8 of the mounting plate 15 has a depth of 0.8-1.0 mm. A precision embedded radio frequency sensor 36 is used to detect partial discharge signals. A digital temperature sensor 37 monitors the temperature change of the cable surface in real time. A fiber optic grating sensor 38 measures the structural strain. A humidity sensor 39 and a water intrusion sensor 40 work together to monitor the internal environmental humidity and water accumulation. A fiber optic vibration sensor 41 identifies abnormal vibrations of the outer sheath. An angle sensor 42 records the tilt angle of the laying path. All sensors are centrally wired to the connecting line 12 through the cable fixing plate 13. The rubber pad 9 on the inner side of the sensing layer 7 is made of silicone with a uniform thickness of 1 mm. It not only plays a role in buffering and shock absorption but also ensures flexible contact with the cable surface, reduces stress concentration between the cable and the sheath, and enhances the sealing performance.

[0025] In this embodiment, the connecting cable 12 is a shielded twisted pair cable. After passing through the cable holder 13, it extends to the mounting recess 10 and connects with the wire hole 24 of the self-test device 2 to achieve efficient data transmission. Example 2

[0026] like Figure 1-7 As shown, this embodiment discloses a self-testing protective sleeve for high-voltage cables, including a self-testing device 2. The self-testing device 2 is composed of an arc-shaped plate 17 and a self-testing mechanism 18. The arc-shaped plate 17 is fastened to the corresponding fastener 20 of the adjacent self-testing mechanism 18 by the fastener 20 provided on its edge, forming an annular closed structure, so that it is fixedly installed on the self-testing protective sleeve 1.

[0027] In this embodiment, the specific structure of the self-testing device 2 is as follows: Figure 4-7 As shown, the self-test mechanism 18 has a wire hole 24 that connects to the connecting wire 12 inside the self-test protective tube 1, ensuring that the sensor data is stably transmitted to the inside of the self-test mechanism 18.

[0028] In this embodiment, an arc-shaped convex ring 21 is integrally formed inside the arc-shaped plate 17 and the self-inspection protection tube 1 is attached to the arc-shaped plate 17. Limiting recesses 22 are evenly distributed on the inner circumference of the arc-shaped convex ring 21. During installation, the arc-shaped protruding ring 21 is embedded in the mounting recess 10 at the end of the self-testing protective tube 1, so that the limiting recess 22 is precisely engaged with the limiting protruding blocks 11 arranged in a ring in the groove of the mounting recess 10, thereby achieving circumferential fixation. Furthermore, the buckle pieces 20 located at the upper and lower ends of the arc-shaped convex ring 21 are distributed in a cross pattern to enhance the splicing and locking force with the self-inspection mechanism 18. At the same time, its arc-shaped plate 17 achieves radial fastening with the self-inspection mechanism 18 through the threaded connection between the bolt hole 23 at its end and the bolt piece 19.

[0029] In this embodiment, the self-testing mechanism 18 integrates a data acquisition module 26, a status analysis module 27, a fault alarm module 28, and a data transmission module 29. The data acquisition module 26 receives and integrates various monitoring data from the sensing layer 7 via the connection line 12. Specifically, it includes: partial discharge monitoring data 30 provided by radio frequency sensor 36, real-time temperature monitoring data 31 provided by digital temperature sensor 37, structural safety monitoring data 32 provided by fiber optic grating sensor 38, internal environment monitoring data 33 provided by humidity sensor 39 and water intrusion sensor 40, integrity monitoring data 34 provided by fiber optic vibration sensor 41, and laying path monitoring data 35 provided by angle sensor 42. The status analysis module 27 performs real-time processing and pattern recognition on the acquired data to assess the cable's operating status. When abnormal parameters are detected, the fault alarm module 28 triggers a local or remote early warning signal. The data transmission module 29 is responsible for storing the raw data, analysis results, and alarm information and transmitting them to the monitoring center via a wireless network to achieve full lifecycle health management. To protect internal precision components, a dustproof mesh block 25 is installed on the side of the self-test mechanism 18 facing the self-test protection tube 1, effectively blocking external dust from entering.

[0030] Working principle: When the high-voltage cable is energized, various micro-sensors precisely woven within the sensing layer 7 begin to work together. Radio frequency sensor 36 continuously captures partial discharge signals in the cable insulation layer, digital temperature sensor 37 collects temperature data of key nodes on the cable surface and inside the bushing in real time, fiber optic grating sensor 38 sensitively monitors the mechanical strain state of the cable body and the protective bushing, while humidity sensor 39 and water intrusion sensor 40 accurately sense the humidity changes and possible liquid water intrusion in the sealed cavity of the bushing, fiber optic vibration sensor 41 identifies abnormal vibrations of the outer sheath, and tilt sensor 42 records the tilt angle changes of the cable laying path in real time. The aforementioned multi-source heterogeneous monitoring data is transmitted via shielded twisted-pair cable 12, through cable holder 13, to the wire hole 24 at the mounting recess 10, and then enters the data acquisition module 26 of the self-testing mechanism 18. This module classifies and integrates the raw data according to the monitoring function. Partial discharge monitoring unit 30 processes radio frequency signals, real-time temperature monitoring unit 31 analyzes temperature data stream, structural safety monitoring unit 32 demodulates grating wavelength offset, internal environment monitoring unit 33 fuses humidity and water intrusion information, integrity monitoring unit 34 analyzes vibration spectrum characteristics, and laying path monitoring unit 35 calculates tilt angle offset. The integrated standardized data stream is synchronously transmitted to the status analysis module 27; this module performs multi-dimensional comparison and pattern recognition of real-time data with preset safe operation thresholds and historical baseline data; for example, it performs correlation analysis between temperature data and cable load current, and assesses insulation aging trend by combining partial discharge intensity; it judges mechanical damage risk by the time domain / frequency domain characteristics of structural strain and vibration signals; and it predicts seal failure or displacement hazards by comprehensively considering humidity, water intrusion and tilt angle data. Once the status analysis module 27 detects that any monitoring parameter exceeds the safety threshold or identifies an abnormal pattern (such as a sharp increase in discharge, abnormal temperature gradient, sudden change in vibration characteristics, etc.), the fault alarm module 28 is immediately triggered. According to the preset alarm level strategy, the module generates a digital alarm command containing fault location, type and severity. This command, along with all raw data and analysis results, is encrypted and packaged by the data transmission module 29 and uploaded to the remote monitoring center through the built-in wireless communication unit (such as NB-IoT / LoRa), realizing local storage and cloud synchronization of monitoring data. The entire self-inspection protection pipe 1 achieves intelligent proactive protection and predictive maintenance of the high-voltage cable's operating status through a closed-loop mechanism of real-time sensing, intelligent diagnosis, hierarchical early warning, and remote interaction. Example 3

[0031] like Figure 1-10As shown, this embodiment discloses a self-testing protective sleeve for high-voltage cables, including a support base 3. The support base 3 is symmetrically arranged at both ends of the self-testing protective tube 1 to provide adaptive mechanical support and vibration damping. The support base 3 includes an upper fastening top plate 43 and a lower fixed base 44, which are rigidly connected by a vertically arranged connecting threaded rod 45.

[0032] In this embodiment, the specific structure of the support base 3 is as follows: Figure 8-10 As shown, both the fastening top plate 43 and the fixed base 44 are provided with slots 46 and threaded posts 47, and the middle part of the fastening top plate 43 has an arc-shaped structure, which is arranged opposite to the arc-shaped seat 49 on the fixed base 44. In this embodiment, the curvature of the arc-shaped seat 49 matches the outer diameter of the self-test protection tube 1. The bottom of the arc-shaped seat 49 is elastically connected to the fixed base 44 by a spring member 48. The spring member 48 consists of a telescopic rod and a spring, preferably a compression spring. At the same time, a compression spring is also sleeved on the threaded column 47.

[0033] In this embodiment, both sides of the top arc-shaped seat 49 of the fixed base 44 are fixed with locking blocks 50. The locking blocks 50 can be embedded in the locking groove 46 of the fastening top plate 43. In order to further optimize the sliding stability, the surface of the locking block 50 is provided with a sliding groove 51 along the axial direction. The sliding rod 52 passes through laterally and is fixed in the middle of the sliding groove 51. The two side walls of the arc-shaped seat 49 are provided with corresponding through holes and are movably sleeved on the sliding rod 52.

[0034] When external vibration or impact loads are applied to the protective sleeve, the arc-shaped seat 49 can slide smoothly along the slide bar 52 within the stroke limited by the slide groove 51. At the same time, the spring 48 undergoes elastic deformation to absorb energy, effectively isolating vibration and buffering impact, ensuring the structural stability of the protective sleeve under complex working conditions.

[0035] During installation, the fixed base 44 of the support seat 3 is fastened to the foundation surface, and the connecting threaded rod 45 is adjusted to make the fastening top plate 43 press against the arc-shaped seat 49. The locking block 50 and the locking groove 46 cooperate to restrict lateral displacement, ultimately forming a flexible clamp-type support for the self-inspection protection pipe 1.

[0036] Working principle: The groove 51 on the surface of the card block 50 cooperates with the slide rod 52 that is inserted and fixed in the middle, so that the two sides of the arc-shaped seat 49 can slide back and forth along the axis of the slide rod 52, realizing dynamic self-adaptation of the support height and effectively responding to the thermal expansion or external stress changes of the cable. Meanwhile, the spring 48 provides elastic buffering and reset functions for the sliding of the arc-shaped seat 49, ensuring that it returns to its position quickly after absorbing the impact, thereby improving the stability and service life of the support system. In addition, the fixed interlocking design of the slide bar 52 effectively avoids the risk of component detachment, ensuring the continuous and reliable operation of the support base 3 under high-pressure conditions.

[0037] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and its advantages. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting in all respects. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Therefore, it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be regarded as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0038] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A self-testing protective sleeve for high-voltage cables, comprising a self-testing protective sleeve (1), a self-testing device (2), and a support base (3), characterized in that: The self-testing protective tube (1) includes an outer layer (4), a middle layer (5) and an inner layer (6); The outer layer (4) is a protective sleeve to resist adverse external factors and protect against physical, chemical and biological damage from the external environment. The middle part of the outer layer (4) is also provided with an installation recessed ring (10). The intermediate layer (5) is an insulating protective layer that provides overall main insulation and mechanical protection; The inner layer (6) is the core layer, which has both electromagnetic shielding and sensor carrier functions. The inner layer (6) has a sensing layer (7) arranged in a ring shape. The sensing layer (7) includes a mounting plate (15) and a wire fixing plate (16). Each mounting plate (15) has a mounting groove (8). The inner side of the sensing layer (7) is also uniformly provided with rubber pads (9) in a ring. Several kinds of micro sensors are woven in the mounting groove (8). The several kinds of micro sensors include radio frequency sensors (36), digital temperature sensors (37), fiber optic grating sensors (38), humidity sensors (39), water intrusion sensors (40), fiber optic vibration sensors (41), and angle sensors (42). The wire fixing plate (16) is connected between two mounting plates (15). The mounting plate (15) located in the middle is connected to a connecting plate (14). The connecting plate (14) has a wire fixing seat (13) in the middle. A connecting wire (12) is connected to the wire fixing seat (13). The several kinds of micro sensors in the mounting groove (8) are all connected to the connecting wire (12). The self-testing device (2) is installed on the mounting recess (10), and the support base (3) is located on the self-testing protective tube (1) on both sides away from the mounting recess (10).

2. The self-testing protective sleeve for high-voltage cables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-testing device (2) includes an arc-shaped plate (17) and a self-testing mechanism (18) arranged in a ring on the mounting concave ring (10). The arc-shaped plate (17) is snapped onto the self-testing mechanism (18). The inner wall of the self-testing mechanism (18) is provided with a wire hole (24) for connecting the connecting line (12). The groove of the mounting concave ring (10) is provided with a limit protrusion (11) in a ring.

3. The self-testing protective sleeve for high-voltage cables according to claim 2, characterized in that: The self-testing mechanism (18) includes a data acquisition module (26) for acquiring data collected by several micro sensors, a status analysis module (27) for processing the data acquired by the data acquisition module (26), a fault alarm module (28) for maintenance and early warning, and a data transmission module (29) for data recording and transmission, which are connected through a connecting line (12) through a wire hole (24).

4. The self-testing protective sleeve for high-voltage cables according to claim 3, characterized in that: The data acquisition module (26) includes partial discharge monitoring (30), real-time temperature monitoring (31), structural safety monitoring (32), internal environment monitoring (33), integrity monitoring (34) and laying path monitoring (35). The partial discharge monitoring (30) is connected to the radio frequency sensor (36), the real-time temperature monitoring (31) is connected to the digital temperature sensor (37), the structural safety monitoring (32) is connected to the fiber optic grating sensor (38), the internal environment monitoring (33) is connected to the humidity sensor (39) and the water intrusion sensor (40), the integrity monitoring (34) is connected to the fiber optic vibration sensor (41), and the laying path monitoring (35) is connected to the angle sensor (42).

5. The self-testing protective sleeve for high-voltage cables according to claim 2, characterized in that: The arc plate (17) and the self-inspection mechanism (18) are respectively provided with a buckle (20), an arc-shaped convex ring (21) and a bolt hole (23). The buckle (20) is arranged in a cross pattern at the upper and lower ends of the arc-shaped convex ring (21). The arc-shaped convex ring (21) is embedded in the mounting concave ring (10). The bolt hole (23) is threaded with a bolt (19).

6. The self-testing protective sleeve for high-voltage cables according to claim 5, characterized in that: The arc-shaped convex ring (21) has a ring of uniformly distributed limiting recesses (22), which engage with the limiting protrusions (11) inside the mounting ring (10).

7. The self-testing protective sleeve for high-voltage cables according to claim 2, characterized in that: A dustproof mesh block (25) is also provided on the side of the lower end of the self-inspection mechanism (18) near the self-inspection protective tube (1).

8. The self-testing protective sleeve for high-voltage cables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support base (3) includes a fastening top plate (43) and a fixed base (44). The fastening top plate (43) has an arc-shaped structure in the middle, and slots (46) and threaded posts (47) are provided on both sides. The threaded posts (47) are internally threaded with connecting threaded rods (45).

9. The self-testing protective sleeve for high-voltage cables according to claim 8, characterized in that: A locking block (50) is provided in the middle of the fixed base (44) corresponding to the slot (46). An arc-shaped seat (49) is provided between the two locking blocks (50). A spring (48) is provided at the bottom of the arc-shaped seat (49) on the fixed base (44). Threaded posts (47) are provided on one side of the locking block (50) on the fixed base (44) and on the side of the slot (46).

10. The self-testing protective sleeve for high-voltage cables according to claim 9, characterized in that: The surface of the card block (50) is provided with a sliding groove (51), and a sliding rod (52) is inserted and fixed in the middle of the sliding groove (51). The arc-shaped seat (49) is inserted and fixed on both sides of the sliding rod (52).

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